CN216529345U - Circularly polarized multilayer microstrip antenna unit and three-dimensional array thereof - Google Patents
Circularly polarized multilayer microstrip antenna unit and three-dimensional array thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN216529345U CN216529345U CN202123350754.4U CN202123350754U CN216529345U CN 216529345 U CN216529345 U CN 216529345U CN 202123350754 U CN202123350754 U CN 202123350754U CN 216529345 U CN216529345 U CN 216529345U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a circularly polarized multilayer microstrip antenna unit which comprises a metal cavity, a first high-frequency dielectric substrate, a second high-frequency dielectric substrate, a first radiation patch, a second radiation patch, an antenna feed pin and an SMA connector. The metal cavity is a cylindrical cavity, the first high-frequency dielectric substrate is arranged on the first surface of the metal cavity, the second high-frequency dielectric substrate is arranged inside the metal cavity and is parallel to the first high-frequency dielectric substrate, the first radiation patch and the second radiation patch are respectively arranged at the center of the first surface of the first high-frequency dielectric substrate and the center of the second surface of the second high-frequency dielectric substrate, the first radiation patch is circular, the second radiation patch is circular and is provided with symmetrical grooves, the antenna feed pin is connected to the second radiation patch, and the SMA connector is connected to the antenna feed pin. A plurality of circularly polarized multilayer microstrip antenna units are arranged in a multi-turn manner and are arranged on the spherical support frame to further form a circularly polarized multilayer microstrip antenna three-dimensional array.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of aerospace, in particular to a circularly polarized multilayer microstrip antenna unit and a three-dimensional array thereof.
Background
Since the successful launch of the first commercial communication satellite in the united states in the 60's of the 20 th century, satellite communication technology and applications have made tremendous efforts worldwide. Compared with microwave relay communication and other modes, satellite communication has the advantages of large-area coverage, long-distance communication, good channel quality, no increase of communication cost along with communication distance and the like, and gradually becomes one of the main communication application technologies in the world.
Compared with a single array antenna, the phased array has the advantages of high flexibility, short response time and the like, so that the phased array is widely applied to satellite communication. However, the beam width of the unit antenna is limited, and coupling influence occurs between array elements, so that the gain is low at low elevation angle, the scanning angle range is limited, and the requirement of near-hemispherical full-coverage and high gain of satellite communication is difficult to meet.
In order to solve the problem, in part of the prior art, wide-beam high-gain array units are adopted for carrying out three-dimensional array formation. For example, patent CN 106785437 discloses a hexahedral helical antenna solid array, which has wide angle scanning of ± 65 degrees, and radiation performance of 8dB gain. However, the helical antenna is adopted as an array unit in the patent, and the helical antenna has a high profile and a large volume, and does not meet the low profile requirement of most satellite communication. Meanwhile, the scanning angle of the helical antenna is not wide enough, and the requirement of near-hemispherical full coverage of satellite communication cannot be completely met. For another example, there is a disclosure of a pyramid type solid array, which employs a microstrip antenna element structure, has a low profile, and expands the scanning angle range to ± 80 degrees by using a pyramid structure array. However, the three-dimensional array adopts double feed points to realize circular polarization, a power division network is required to be built in, the structure is complex, meanwhile, the beam of the antenna unit is narrow, and a relatively large number of units is required to realize the same scanning range.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
To solve some or all of the problems in the prior art, an aspect of the present invention provides a circularly polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna unit, including:
the metal cavity is a cylindrical cavity;
the first high-frequency dielectric substrate is arranged on the first surface of the metal cavity;
the second high-frequency dielectric substrate is arranged in the metal cavity and is parallel to the first high-frequency dielectric substrate;
the first radiation patch is arranged at the center of the first surface of the first high-frequency dielectric substrate and is circular;
the second radiation patch is arranged at the center of the second surface of the second high-frequency dielectric substrate and is circular with symmetrical grooves;
an antenna feed pin connected to the second radiating patch; and
an SMA connector connected to the antenna feed pin.
Further, an air layer is arranged between the first high-frequency dielectric substrate and the second high-frequency dielectric substrate.
Further, the thickness of the air layer is at least 5 times that of the first high-frequency dielectric substrate or the second high-frequency dielectric substrate.
Further, the groove on the second radiation patch is rectangular.
Further, the feeding position of the antenna feed pin deviates from the symmetry axis of the groove on the second radiation patch by an angle of 45 degrees.
Based on the aforementioned circular polarization multi-layer microstrip antenna unit, another aspect of the present invention provides a circular polarization multi-layer microstrip antenna array, including:
the supporting frame is in a metal hemispherical shape, the surface of the supporting frame is provided with a plurality of circles of circular through holes, and the circular through holes are used for mounting the circularly polarized multilayer microstrip antenna unit; and
and the antenna wave control plate is arranged in the support frame and is connected with the circularly polarized multilayer microstrip antenna unit through a flexible cable.
Further, the circular via includes three layers, wherein:
the first layer comprises a circular through hole and is arranged at the vertex of the support frame;
the second layer is arranged on the lower side of the first layer, the distance between the second layer and the first layer is 0.7-0.8 times of the working wavelength of the circularly polarized multilayer microstrip antenna unit, the second layer comprises a plurality of circular through holes, and the circular through holes are distributed around the circular through holes of the first layer in an equiaxial mode; and
the third layer is arranged on the lower side of the second layer, the distance between the third layer and the second layer is 0.7-0.8 times of the working wavelength of the circularly polarized multilayer microstrip antenna unit, the third layer comprises a plurality of circular through holes, and the circular through holes of the first layer are distributed around the circular through holes in an isometric manner.
Further, the radius of the support frame is 1 to 1.1 times of the operating wavelength of the circularly polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna unit.
Further, the second layer includes 6 circular vias, and the third layer includes 12 circular vias.
The circularly polarized multilayer microstrip antenna unit and the three-dimensional array thereof have the advantages that the circularly polarized multilayer microstrip antenna unit with high gain and wide beams is adopted, the structure is simple, the number of the antenna units is effectively reduced, and the cost is reduced. Meanwhile, a hemispherical three-dimensional array mode is adopted, and +/-85-degree gain is achieved. And the scanning angle is higher than 12dB, so that the requirements of high-gain and wide-coverage technologies applied to satellites and ground terminals can be met, and the method has popularization value.
Drawings
To further clarify the above and other advantages and features of embodiments of the present invention, a more particular description of embodiments of the present invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. It is appreciated that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the utility model and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope. In the drawings, the same or corresponding parts will be denoted by the same or similar reference numerals for clarity.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a circularly polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of a circularly polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of a circular polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of a circular polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a support frame of a circular polarization multi-layer microstrip antenna three-dimensional array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows a simulated pattern at 2.294GHz for a circularly polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 shows a simulated axial ratio curve at 2.294GHz for a circularly polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 shows simulated patterns of a circular polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna array scanned at 2.294GHz according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a simulated axial ratio curve of phase scanning at 2.294GHz for a circular polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 shows simulated patterns and axial ratio curves for a circular polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna array at 2.294GHz 85 degree scan according to an embodiment of the utility model;
FIG. 11 is a graph showing the scanning angle and gain variation at 2.294GHz for a circular polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention; and
fig. 12 is a graph showing a scanning angle and a varying axial ratio of a circular polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention at 2.294 GHz.
Detailed Description
The utility model is further elucidated with reference to the drawings in conjunction with the detailed description. It should be noted that the components in the figures may be exaggerated and not necessarily to scale for illustrative purposes. In the figures, identical or functionally identical components are provided with the same reference symbols.
In the present invention, "disposed on …", "disposed over …" and "disposed over …" do not exclude the presence of an intermediate therebetween, unless specifically indicated otherwise. Further, "disposed on or above …" merely indicates the relative positional relationship between two components, and may also be converted to "disposed below or below …" and vice versa in certain cases, such as after reversing the product direction.
In the present invention, the embodiments are only intended to illustrate the aspects of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting.
In the present invention, the terms "a" and "an" do not exclude the presence of a plurality of elements, unless otherwise specified.
It is further noted herein that in embodiments of the present invention, only a portion of the components or assemblies may be shown for clarity and simplicity, but those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that, given the teachings of the present invention, required components or assemblies may be added as needed in a particular scenario.
It is also noted herein that, within the scope of the present invention, the terms "same", "equal", and the like do not mean that the two values are absolutely equal, but allow some reasonable error, that is, the terms also encompass "substantially the same", "substantially equal". By analogy, in the present invention, the terms "perpendicular", "parallel" and the like in the directions of the tables also cover the meanings of "substantially perpendicular", "substantially parallel".
In order to meet the application requirements of high-speed satellite communication and solve the technical problems of high gain and wide coverage of the conventional antenna, the utility model provides a circularly polarized multilayer microstrip antenna unit and a three-dimensional array thereof, in particular to an S-waveband hemispherical circularly polarized multilayer microstrip antenna three-dimensional array. Meanwhile, a hemispherical three-dimensional array mode is adopted, and +/-85-degree gain is achieved. And a scan angle higher than 12 dB. The utility model is further elucidated with reference to the drawings in conjunction with the detailed description.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a circularly polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a schematic side view of the circularly polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a circularly polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna unit 100 is cylindrical and includes a metal cavity 101, a first high-frequency dielectric substrate 121, a second high-frequency dielectric substrate 122, a first radiation patch 131, a second radiation patch 132, an antenna feed pin 104, and an SMA connector 105.
The metal cavity 101 is a cylindrical cavity and can be regarded as a housing or a support of the circularly polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna unit.
The first high-frequency dielectric substrate 121 and the second high-frequency dielectric substrate 122 are respectively disposed on the first surface of the metal cavity 101 and inside the metal cavity 101. The first high-frequency dielectric substrate 121 and the second high-frequency dielectric substrate 122 are parallel to each other, and an air layer 106 is formed therebetween. In one embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the air layer 106 is at least 5 times that of the first high-frequency dielectric substrate 121 or the second high-frequency dielectric substrate 122, so as to ensure the bandwidth and gain of the antenna. In another embodiment of the present invention, the first high-frequency dielectric substrate 121 and the second high-frequency dielectric substrate 122 are made of low-loss microwave materials.
The first radiation patch 131 and the second radiation patch 132 are respectively disposed at the center of the first surface of the first high-frequency dielectric substrate 121 and the second surface of the second high-frequency dielectric substrate 122. The first radiation patch 131 is a radiation surface and is set to be circular, the second radiation patch 132 is a reflection surface or a parasitic patch for improving the gain and the beam width of the unit antenna, the second radiation patch 132 is also circular, but a symmetric groove 1321 is formed thereon to achieve good matching, and in an embodiment of the present invention, the groove is rectangular.
One end of the antenna feed pin 104 is connected to the second radiation patch 132, and in one embodiment of the present invention, the feeding position of the antenna feed pin 104 is deviated from the symmetry axis of the slot 1321 on the second radiation patch 132 by an angle of 45 degrees. The other end of the antenna feed pin 104 is connected to the SMA connector 105.
Based on the circularly polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna unit, fig. 3 is a schematic top view of a circularly polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 4 is a schematic side view of a circularly polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3 and 4, an overall circular polarization multi-layer microstrip antenna array is a hemisphere, and includes a supporting frame 301 and an antenna wave control plate 302.
The surface of the supporting frame 301 is provided with a plurality of circles of the circularly polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna unit 100. The first ring comprises a circularly polarized multilayer microstrip antenna unit which is arranged at the vertex of the support frame; the second ring is arranged on the lower side of the first ring and comprises a plurality of circularly polarized multilayer microstrip antenna units, and the plurality of circularly polarized multilayer microstrip antenna units are equiaxed and distributed around the circularly polarized multilayer microstrip antenna units of the first ring; and the third circle is arranged at the lower side of the second circle and comprises a plurality of circularly polarized multilayer microstrip antenna units, the circularly polarized multilayer microstrip antenna units surround the circularly polarized multilayer microstrip antenna units on the first layer in an equiaxial distribution manner, the number of the circularly polarized multilayer microstrip antenna units contained in the third circle is more than that of the circularly polarized multilayer microstrip antenna units contained in the second circle, and the like. In one embodiment of the utility model, the distance between each turn and the adjacent turn is determined according to the operating wavelength of the circularly polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna unit, is generally not greater than the operating wavelength, and the distance between each turn and the adjacent turn is preferably equal. It should be understood that in other embodiments of the present invention, the number of turns of the circularly polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna element 100, and/or the number of circularly polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna elements 100 contained in each turn, and/or the spacing between each turn may be set appropriately according to the antenna parameters required in practice.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a support frame of a circular polarization multi-layer microstrip antenna three-dimensional array according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 5, the supporting frame 301 is a metal hemisphere, and the radius of the supporting frame is determined according to the operating wavelength of the circularly polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna unit, and is preferably equal to or slightly greater than the operating wavelength. The surface of the support frame 301 is provided with a plurality of circles of circular through holes 311, and the circular through holes are used for installing the circularly polarized multilayer microstrip antenna unit 100. The position of the circular through hole 311 on the supporting frame 301 corresponds to the arrangement of the circularly polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna unit 100.
The antenna wave control plate 302 is disposed inside the supporting frame 301, and is connected to the circularly polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna unit 100 through a flexible cable.
To better illustrate the technical effects of the present invention, a specific circular polarization multi-layer microstrip antenna array will be taken as an example to describe the relevant technical features.
Firstly, the materials of the first high-frequency dielectric substrate and the second high-frequency dielectric substrate of the circularly polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna unit in the circularly polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna three-dimensional array are low-loss microwave materials with the dielectric constant of 2.65, and the working frequency point of the first radiation patch is 2.294 GHz. Meanwhile, the thicknesses of the first high-frequency dielectric substrate, the second high-frequency dielectric substrate and the air layer are 1.3mm, 2.8mm and 14.4mm, respectively.
FIGS. 6 and 7 are graphs showing simulated patterns and axial ratio curves of a circularly polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna element at 2.294GHz, respectively, according to an embodiment of the present invention; it can be seen that the axial ratios of the circularly polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna elements are less than 3dB in the scanning range of 0 to 85 °, and the circularly polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna elements have excellent circular polarization characteristics.
Secondly, the radius of the support frame of the circular polarization multilayer microstrip antenna three-dimensional array is 1 to 1.1 times of the working wavelength of the circular polarization multilayer microstrip antenna unit, specifically, 360 mm, and the support frame comprises three layers of circular through holes, wherein the number of the first layer is 1, the number of the second layer method phase 35 degree circular rings uniformly surrounds 6, and the number of the third layer method phase 65 degree circular rings uniformly surrounds 12. Meanwhile, the distances between the first layer and the second layer and between the second layer and the third layer are equal and are 0.7 to 0.8 times of the working wavelength of the circularly polarized multilayer microstrip antenna unit. Each circular through hole is provided with a circularly polarized multilayer microstrip antenna unit, and the total number of the circularly polarized multilayer microstrip antenna units is 19. The S-band 19-unit hemispherical circular polarization multilayer microstrip antenna three-dimensional array is tested and simulated, and the following results are obtained:
FIG. 8 shows the simulated directional diagram of the S-band 19-unit hemispherical circularly polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna stereo array scanned at 2.294GHz normal;
FIG. 9 shows a simulated axial ratio curve of the S-band 19-unit hemispherical circularly polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna stereo array scanned at 2.294GHz normal;
FIG. 10 shows simulated patterns and axial ratio curves scanned at 2.294GHz 85 degrees by the S-band 19-unit hemispherical circularly polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna solid array;
FIG. 11 is a graph showing a scanning angle and a gain variation of the S-band 19-unit hemispherical circularly polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna three-dimensional array at 2.294 GHz; and
FIG. 12 is a graph showing a scanning angle and a change axial ratio of the S-band 19-unit hemispherical circularly polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna three-dimensional array at 2.294 GHz.
It can be seen that the maximum gain of the S-band 19-unit hemispherical circular polarization multilayer microstrip antenna three-dimensional array is as high as 14.9dB, the gain in the 170-degree beam width is greater than 12dB, the beam gain curve is smooth, the sharp fluctuation of the gain is avoided, and the wide-beam high gain is realized.
While various embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and not limitation. It will be apparent to persons skilled in the relevant art that various combinations, modifications, and changes can be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model. Thus, the breadth and scope of the present invention disclosed herein should not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but should be defined only in accordance with the following claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A circularly polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna element comprising:
the metal cavity is a cylindrical cavity;
the first high-frequency dielectric substrate is arranged on the first surface of the metal cavity;
the second high-frequency dielectric substrate is arranged in the metal cavity and is parallel to the first high-frequency dielectric substrate;
the first radiation patch is arranged at the center of the first surface of the first high-frequency dielectric substrate and is circular;
the second radiation patch is arranged at the center of the second surface of the second high-frequency dielectric substrate and is circular with symmetrical grooves;
an antenna feed pin connected to the second radiating patch; and
an SMA connector connected to the antenna feed pin.
2. The circularly polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna unit of claim 1 wherein an air layer is provided between the first high frequency dielectric substrate and the second high frequency dielectric substrate.
3. The circularly polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna unit according to claim 2, wherein the thickness of the air layer is at least 5 times that of the first high frequency dielectric substrate or the second high frequency dielectric substrate.
4. The circularly polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna element of claim 1 wherein the notch on the second radiating patch is rectangular.
5. The circularly polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna element of claim 1 wherein the feed location of the antenna feed pin is offset at a 45 degree angle from the symmetry axis of the notch in the second radiating patch.
6. A circularly polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna array comprising:
a support frame, which is a metal hemisphere, and the surface of which is provided with a plurality of circles of circular through holes, wherein the circular through holes are configured to be installed with the circularly polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 5; and
and the antenna wave control plate is arranged in the support frame and is connected with the circularly polarized multilayer microstrip antenna unit through a flexible cable.
7. The array of claim 6, wherein the support frame has a radius of 1 to 1.1 times the operating wavelength of the circularly polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna element.
8. The circularly polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna volumetric array according to claim 6 wherein the circular via comprises three layers, wherein:
the first layer comprises a circular through hole and is arranged at the vertex of the support frame;
the second layer is arranged on the lower side of the first layer, the distance between the second layer and the first layer is 0.7-0.8 times of the working wavelength of the circularly polarized multilayer microstrip antenna unit, the second layer comprises a plurality of circular through holes, and the circular through holes are distributed around the circular through holes of the first layer in an equiaxial mode; and
the third layer is arranged on the lower side of the second layer, the distance between the third layer and the second layer is 0.7-0.8 times of the working wavelength of the circularly polarized multilayer microstrip antenna unit, the third layer comprises a plurality of circular through holes, and the circular through holes of the first layer are distributed around the circular through holes in an isometric manner.
9. The circularly polarized multi-layer microstrip antenna volumetric array according to claim 8 wherein the second layer comprises 6 circular vias and the third layer comprises 12 circular vias.
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| CN202123350754.4U CN216529345U (en) | 2021-12-28 | 2021-12-28 | Circularly polarized multilayer microstrip antenna unit and three-dimensional array thereof |
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| CN202123350754.4U CN216529345U (en) | 2021-12-28 | 2021-12-28 | Circularly polarized multilayer microstrip antenna unit and three-dimensional array thereof |
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