CN115810917A - Satellite-borne Ka-band circularly polarized antenna unit, antenna array and phased array - Google Patents
Satellite-borne Ka-band circularly polarized antenna unit, antenna array and phased array Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a satellite-borne Ka-band circularly polarized antenna unit, an antenna array and a phased array, and belongs to the technical field of antennas. The phased array comprises an upper radiation structure, a middle parasitic structure and a lower feed structure, the radiation structure is composed of upper metal patches and can realize radiation of circularly polarized antenna beams, and the feed is transmitted to upper metal by the feed of a lowermost metal probe through coupling to realize radiation. A circle of metallized via holes is added around the radiating antenna in order to reduce the coupling effect between the antennas. The rotation angle of each antenna unit is the same as the phase of the corresponding phase shifter and is n times of 90 degrees, and n is 0, 1, 2 or 3; the rotation angle difference of any two adjacent antenna units and the phase difference of the phase shifter are both 90 degrees, so that the antenna units are matched with the feed hole of the bottom T/R component. The invention can be used for millimeter wave antenna communication and high-resolution radar imaging.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, relates to a phased array antenna, and particularly relates to a satellite-borne Ka-band circularly polarized antenna unit, an antenna array and a phased array, which can be used for millimeter wave antenna communication and high-resolution radar imaging.
Background
The millimeter wave is electromagnetic wave with the frequency ranging from 30GHz to 300GHz, the corresponding wavelength is 1 mm-10 mm, and the millimeter wave antenna equipment has the advantages of wide frequency band, large communication capacity, high target identification resolution and the like. The frequency range of Ka wave band in millimeter wave is 26.5-40 GHz, the frequency band is wide, the transmission capacity is large, and the method is particularly suitable for satellite communication. Compared with a mechanical scanning antenna with a mechanical scanning structure added to the array antenna, the phased array antenna has more stable scanning speed and direction, and the anti-interference capability of a beam scanning array is much stronger than that of a common array.
The T/R (Transmitter and Receiver) component is also called as a phased array transceiving component, is arranged below the phased array in a longitudinal integration mode, and is provided with channel output ports which are regularly arranged and connected with a phased array feed port to provide feed excitation for the phased array antenna. The size of the T/R assembly determines the size of the minimum array surface of the phased array, and the number of channels of the T/R assembly determines the maximum number of radiation units of the phased array.
The active microstrip phased array antenna can be formed by all radiation units, T/R components and other components, the phased array antenna is applied to airplanes at present, and has very important practical significance on stealth performance, maneuvering performance and the like of the airplanes, and particularly, the broadband scanning circularly polarized phased array has great application value and engineering value in various communication systems such as radars, satellite communication, missile guidance and the like.
Circularly polarized phased array antennas are becoming more and more widely used. Compared with a linear polarization antenna, the circularly polarized antenna can eliminate polarization distortion loss caused by ionosphere Faraday rotation effect, and can adapt to receiving of signals on a carrier which is violently swung or rolled. The microstrip antenna has the advantages of low profile, easy conformal with a carrier, easy realization of circular polarization and the like, thereby being widely applied. However, microstrip antennas are high Q resonant antennas and the narrow bandwidth of operation limits further applications. Wireless communication systems also place increasing demands on circularly polarized phased array antennas, especially for wide frequency and wide angle scanning. Therefore, how to improve the bandwidth and the wide-angle scanning capability of the circularly polarized patch antenna becomes one of the problems to be solved urgently in the circularly polarized phased array antenna technology.
In order to change the impedance bandwidth and axial ratio bandwidth characteristics of the circularly polarized unit of the phased array antenna unit, most researchers at home and abroad currently solve the problems by changing the structural form of the antenna. For example, L.K.Zhang and Y.X.Wang et al published a paper entitled "Cavity-Backed circular Polarized Cross-Polarized Phased array" in the journal of IEEE Antennas and Wireless Programming Letters, 9, 2021, and proposed a 16 × 16-element Ku band Circularly Polarized Phased array. The antenna element includes a crossed dipole, a metal cavity, and a threaded SMP connector. The metal cavity increases the gain of the antenna and reduces the mutual coupling between the array elements, thereby ensuring good impedance matching and axial ratio during two-dimensional beam scanning. The proposed phased array achieves an impedance bandwidth of 10.1% and a unit axis ratio bandwidth of 8.1%. The axial ratio of the main lobe in the +/-40-degree scanning range is less than 2dB in the scanning range, and the gain fluctuation during scanning is less than 3dB.
In patent CN114865328a (a low-profile circularly polarized stealth phased array antenna), a double-layer metal patch antenna is disclosed, and metallized via holes are loaded around the antenna. The antenna realizes radiation through double-layer excitation of the bottom-layer patch and the parasitic of the upper-layer patch, finally realizes that the impedance bandwidth is 10%, the axial ratio bandwidth is 5.6%, and the broadband characteristic is not realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a satellite-borne Ka-band circularly polarized antenna unit, an antenna array and a phased array, which are used for solving the technical problems of narrow circular polarization axial ratio bandwidth, narrow impedance bandwidth and narrow scanning angle of the conventional circularly polarized phased array antenna unit, the connection problem between the antenna array and a T/R assembly and the problem of wide-bandwidth angle radiation, and reducing the complexity of a connection structure.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a satellite-borne Ka-band circularly polarized antenna unit comprises a first medium substrate, a first semi-cured layer, a second medium substrate, a second semi-cured layer and a third medium substrate which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top;
a first upper metal ring and a first upper metal patch are printed on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate; a metallized blind hole is formed in the first dielectric substrate; the first upper-layer metal patches are positioned in the first upper-layer metal ring and are isolated from each other;
the second medium substrate is a cavity structure with a hollow middle part and is used for providing a medium cavity;
a second upper-layer metal ring and a second upper-layer metal patch are printed on the upper surface of the third medium substrate, a lower-layer metal patch is printed on the lower surface of the third medium substrate, and the second upper-layer metal patches are positioned in the second upper-layer metal ring and are isolated from each other; metallized through holes are arranged through the first medium substrate, the first semi-cured layer, the second medium substrate, the second semi-cured layer and the third medium substrate;
the first upper metal ring is connected with the second upper metal ring through the metallized through hole, the first upper metal patch is connected with the output port of the T/R component through the metallized blind hole for feeding,
and the second upper-layer metal patch, the lower-layer metal patch and the first upper-layer metal patch are coupled to feed for radiation.
In one embodiment, the horizontal cross sections of the first medium substrate, the first semi-cured layer, the second medium substrate, the second semi-cured layer and the third medium substrate are regular quadrangles and have equal areas; the first upper metal ring and the second upper metal ring are both square closed frames, and the metallized through holes are distributed at equal intervals along the closed frames.
In one embodiment, the first upper metal patch consists of a first part, a second part and a third part, wherein the first part and the second part are both in an arrow shape, the arrow direction faces to the direction far away from the center of the first medium substrate, the first part and the second part are symmetrically arranged and connected at the tail part, the width of the connecting part is smaller than that of the widest part of the arrow, the third part consists of a rectangle and a semicircular ring, one side of the rectangle is connected with the arrow side surface of the second part, and the semicircular ring is connected with the opposite side of one side of the rectangle;
the second upper-layer metal patch is composed of four small units, the four small units are arranged in a central symmetry manner, two adjacent small units are arranged symmetrically about the diagonal line of the regular quadrangle, any two small units at the diagonal line are the regular quadrangle with unfilled corners, the unfilled corners are positioned far away from the center, and the other two small units are the regular quadrangles with the side length equal to that of the unfilled corner regular quadrangle;
the lower metal patch is composed of four small units, the four small units are in a regular quadrangle and are arranged in a central symmetry mode, and two adjacent small units are symmetrically arranged about a central line of opposite sides of the regular quadrangle.
In one embodiment, the satellite-borne Ka-band circularly polarized antenna unit further comprises a third semi-cured layer and a fourth dielectric substrate which are sequentially positioned above the third dielectric substrate; the fourth dielectric substrate is a non-metalized dielectric substrate and is used for widening antenna beams.
The invention also provides a satellite-borne Ka-band circularly polarized antenna array which is formed by distributing N x N antenna sub-arrays in a rectangular array form, wherein the antenna sub-arrays are formed by distributing four satellite-borne Ka-band circularly polarized antenna units in the rectangular array form according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, and N is an even integer greater than or equal to 2.
The invention also provides a phased array, which comprises N feed transmission structures, N T/R components and the satellite-borne Ka-band circularly polarized antenna array according to claim 5;
each feed transmission structure is arranged below one satellite-borne Ka-band circularly polarized antenna unit, and each feed transmission structure is a metal layer provided with a plurality of T/R component output ports;
each T/R component is arranged below one feed transmission structure, and the output end of each T/R component is connected with the first upper-layer metal patch through the output port of the T/R component and the metallized blind hole to feed;
each T/R component comprises four phase shifters, each phase shifter is connected with one satellite-borne Ka-band circularly polarized antenna unit in the same antenna subarray, the rotation angle of each satellite-borne Ka-band circularly polarized antenna unit is the same as the phase of the phase shifter connected with the satellite-borne Ka-band circularly polarized antenna unit, and n is n times of 90 degrees, wherein n is 0, 1, 2 or 3;
in the same antenna subarray, the rotation angle difference of any two adjacent satellite-borne Ka-band circularly polarized antenna units is 90 degrees, and/or the phase difference of any two adjacent phase shifters is 90 degrees.
In one embodiment, the feed transmission structure is a metal layer printed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate.
In one embodiment, the value of N is 4, a 64-element array Ka-band circularly polarized phased array is formed, the beam widths of the azimuth plane and the elevation plane of the satellite-borne Ka-band circularly polarized antenna unit are both 113 °, the axial ratio in the beam width range is less than 3dB, and the horizontal beam width when scanning ± 55 ° is 18 °; the array gain of the 64-element array Ka-band circularly polarized phased array in equal-amplitude in-phase is 23.12dB, the horizontal beam width is 12 degrees, and the sidelobe level is 13.2dB.
Compared with the prior art, the satellite-borne Ka-band circularly polarized antenna unit can realize a circularly polarized working state, has a wider directional diagram wave beam, can realize large-angle scanning after array formation, and has the characteristics of simple and compact structure, low section, low cost, high reliability, stable performance and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall structural diagram of a satellite-borne Ka-band circularly polarized antenna unit according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a vertical structure diagram of the satellite-borne Ka-band circularly polarized antenna unit of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic horizontal view of the top surface of the first dielectric substrate.
Fig. 4 is a schematic top view of a second dielectric substrate.
FIG. 5 is a schematic horizontal view of the upper surface of a third dielectric substrate.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate being horizontal.
Fig. 7 is an overall structure diagram of the antenna subarray of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is an overall structural view of a phased array of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a BGA structure of an output terminal of a T/R module.
Fig. 10 is a graph of antenna element standing wave ratio.
Fig. 11 is an axial ratio diagram of the antenna element.
Fig. 12 is a 29.5GHz pattern of the antenna element.
Fig. 13 is a direction diagram of the antenna array 29.5ghz 0 °.
Fig. 14 is an axial ratio plot of the antenna array at 0 deg..
Fig. 15 is a direction diagram when the antenna array 29.5GHz scans 55 °.
Fig. 16 is a plot of the time axis ratio for an antenna array scan of 55 °.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, a first object of the present invention is to provide a satellite-borne Ka-band circularly polarized antenna unit, which mainly comprises a first dielectric substrate 8, a first semi-cured layer 9, a second dielectric substrate 10, a second semi-cured layer 11 and a third dielectric substrate 12, which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, a first upper metal ring 811 and a first upper metal patch 812 are printed on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 8. A metallized blind via 5 is provided in the first dielectric substrate 8. The first upper metal patches 812 are located in the first upper metal ring 811 and are isolated from each other. The first dielectric substrate 8 and its pattern function is mainly to feed power.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 4, the first semi-cured layer 9 is mainly used to connect the first dielectric substrate 8 and the second dielectric substrate 10, and the second dielectric substrate 10 adopts a cavity structure with a hollow center to provide a dielectric cavity, and a metal ring may be disposed at the edge thereof.
The second semi-cured layer 11 is mainly used for connecting the second dielectric substrate 10 and the third dielectric substrate 12. Referring to fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 5 and fig. 6, a second upper metal ring 1201 and a second upper metal patch 1202 are printed on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate 12, a lower metal patch 1203 is printed on the lower surface, and the second upper metal patch 1202 is located in the second upper metal ring 1201 and isolated from each other; metallized vias 4 are provided through the first dielectric substrate 8, the first semi-cured layer 9, the second dielectric substrate 10, the second semi-cured layer 11 and the third dielectric substrate 12. The third dielectric substrate 12 and its pattern mainly function to couple feeding and then radiate.
The first upper metal ring 811 and the second upper metal ring 1201 are connected by a plurality of metalized vias 4, and the metalized vias 4 may be arranged at equal intervals. The first upper metal patch 812 is connected with the T/R module output port 201 through the metallized blind hole 5 for feeding.
The second upper metal patch 1202, the lower metal patch 1203 and the first upper metal patch 812 are coupled to feed power for radiation.
The Ka band is a commonly used millimeter wave band for satellite communication, which requires circularly polarized beams because electromagnetic waves pass through the atmosphere, and the faraday rotation effect is irreversible. But circularly polarized beams have no significant faraday effect. The electrical size of the antenna needs to be less than half a wavelength to effectively suppress grating lobes during beam scanning. Therefore, the antenna can be used as a satellite-borne Ka-band circularly polarized antenna meeting the requirements.
The satellite-borne Ka-band circularly polarized antenna unit is mainly used as a radiation mechanism, the second upper-layer metal patch 1202 can realize circularly polarized antenna beam radiation, and feed is transmitted to the second upper-layer metal patch 1202 and the lower-layer metal patch 1203 through coupling by the feed of the metallized blind hole 5 to realize radiation. A perimeter of metallized vias 4 added around them can reduce coupling between the antennas.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the horizontal cross-sections of the first medium substrate 8, the first semi-cured layer 9, the second medium substrate 10, the second semi-cured layer 11 and the third medium substrate 12 are regular quadrangles and have equal areas; the first upper-layer metal ring 811 and the second upper-layer metal ring 1201 are both square closed frames, and a plurality of metalized via holes 4 are distributed at equal intervals along the closed frames.
In this embodiment, the shape ensures the generation of a broadband circularly polarized beam, the effect of which can be seen in fig. 11. The first upper-layer metal ring 811 and the second upper-layer metal ring 1201 are both square closed frames, and a plurality of metalized via holes 4 are distributed at equal intervals along the closed frames, so that coupling among antennas can be reduced.
In one embodiment of the present invention, in order to implement impedance matching and circularly polarized beams, the specific structure of each metal patch is provided as follows:
the first upper metal patch 812 is composed of a first portion 8121, a second portion 8122 and a third portion 8123, the first portion 8121 and the second portion 8122 are both arrow-shaped, the arrow directions face the direction away from the center of the first dielectric substrate 8, the arrow directions are symmetrically arranged and are connected at the tail portion, the width of the connecting portion 8124 is smaller than that of the widest portion of the arrow, and therefore two symmetrical concave portions 8125 are formed at the connecting portion. The third portion 8123 is composed of a rectangle 81231, one side of which is connected to the arrow side of the second portion 8122, and a semicircular ring 81232, which is connected to the opposite side of one side of the rectangle 81231. The metallized blind hole 5 projects to the center of the semi-circular 81232. With reference to fig. 3, in this embodiment, possible parameters are also provided, in particular, the length l of the side of the arrow of the first portion 8121, of the second portion 8122 10 ＝l 11 =1.45mm, length of recess 8125 is l 12 =0.25mm and a width of l 9 =0.4mm, rectangle 81231 as a feeder, having a length l 13 =0.8mm and width l 14 =1mm, the semicircular ring 81232 is a feed port, and the inner radius and the outer radius are r respectively 2 =0.1mm and r 3 =0.45mm. Meanwhile, referring to fig. 4, the practical size of the second dielectric substrate 10 is given in this embodiment, wherein the width of the middle cavity is l 8 =3.75mm; the cavity is realized by adopting a chamfer with radius of r 1 ＝0.25mm。
The second upper metal patch 1202 is composed of four small cells 12021, 12022, 12023, 12024, each of which is a parasitic patch. The four small units 12021, 12022, 12023, 12024 are arranged in central symmetry, two adjacent small units are arranged symmetrically about the diagonal of the regular quadrangle, any two small units at the diagonal are the regular quadrangle with unfilled corners, the unfilled corners are located at the positions far away from the center, and the other two small units are the regular quadrangles with the same side length as the unfilled corner regular quadrangle. In this embodiment, the first small cell 12021 and the third small cell 12023 are located at opposite angles, and are both a regular quadrangle, the second small cell 12022 and the fourth small cell 12024 are located at opposite angles, and are both a regular quadrangle with unfilled corners, and the side lengths of the regular quadrangles of the four small cells are equal. In fig. 5, feasible parameters are also provided, in particular the diameter r of the metallized via 4 0＝ 0.2mm, pitch l of adjacent metallized vias 4 4 =0.5mm, antenna element size (i.e. side length of a square dielectric substrate) /) 0 =5mm, side length l of four small units in the second upper metal patch 1202 1 =0.9mm, pitch l of adjacent cells 2 =0.4mm, length of the second small unit 12022 and the fourth small unit 12024 at the corner cut, i.e. chip cut angle l 5 =0.73mm, width l of the second upper-level metal ring 1201 3 ＝0.5mm。
The lower metal patch 1203 is also composed of four small units 12031, 12032, 12033, 12034, the four small units 12031, 12032, 12033, 12034 are all a regular quadrangle, and are arranged in a central symmetry manner, and two adjacent small units are arranged symmetrically about a central connecting line of opposite sides of the regular quadrangle. In FIG. 6, possible parameters are also provided, specifically, a fifth cell 12031, a sixth cell 12032, a seventh cell 12033, and an eighth cell 12034 are distributed in a clockwise manner. The fifth small cell 12031 and the sixth small cell 12032, and the seventh small cell 12033 and the eighth small cell 12034, are symmetrical about one central connecting line of the dielectric substrate, and the fifth small cell 12031 and the eighth small cell 12034, and the seventh small cell 12033 and the sixth small cell 12032, are symmetrical about the other central connecting line of the dielectric substrate. Here, the four small units 12031, 12032, 12033, 12034 are equal, and the side lengths are all l 6 =0.6mm, patch spacing of l 7 ＝1mm。
In this embodiment, two equi-radiation orthogonal electric field components are excited by the above structure, thereby realizing a circularly polarized beam. And the impedance matching can be realized by adjusting the size parameters of the antenna.
In an embodiment of the invention, the satellite-borne Ka-band circularly polarized antenna unit further includes a third semi-cured layer 13 and a fourth dielectric substrate 14 sequentially located above the third dielectric substrate 12, and the fourth dielectric substrate 14 is a non-metalized dielectric substrate and is used for widening an antenna beam.
Meanwhile, as shown in fig. 2, some possible parameters are also given in the present embodiment. Height h of first dielectric substrate 8 1 =0.508mm; height h of the first semi-cured layer 9 2 =0.2mm; the height of the second dielectric substrate 10 is also h 1 =0.508mm; height h of the second semi-cured layer 11 3 =0.1mm; height h of third dielectric substrate 12 4 =0.254mm; the height of the third semi-cured layer 13 is also h 3 =0.1mm; height h of the fourth dielectric substrate 14 5 =0.127mm; the height h of the medium chamber, i.e. the height of the first semi-cured layer 9 and the second medium substrate 10 6 ＝h 1 +h 2 ＝0.708mm。
In the above embodiment, a Rogers 4350 microwave dielectric plate is used as each dielectric substrate, and the surface of each dielectric substrate is subjected to nickel-gold immersion treatment. The metal layers of the metal patches, the metal rings and the like are made of copper, and the surfaces of the metal layers are subjected to nickel-gold deposition treatment. The feed probe, i.e. the metallized blind hole 5, is made of copper.
Referring to fig. 7, according to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a satellite-borne Ka-band circularly polarized antenna array, which is formed by distributing N × N antenna sub-arrays in a rectangular array, where the antenna sub-arrays are formed by distributing four satellite-borne Ka-band circularly polarized antenna units in a central rotation symmetric manner, and in the present invention, the antenna sub-arrays are distributed in a rectangular array, where N is an even integer greater than or equal to 2.
Referring to fig. 7 and 8, a third object of the present invention is to provide a phased array, which includes N feed transmission structures 2, N T/R assemblies 3, and the on-board Ka band circularly polarized antenna array.
The satellite-borne Ka-band circularly polarized antenna array is used as a radiation structure, the feed transmission structure 2 is arranged below the satellite-borne Ka-band circularly polarized antenna unit, and the feed transmission structure 2 can be a metal layer provided with a plurality of T/R component output ports 201.
Each T/R component 3 is disposed below one of the feeding transmission structures 2, and the output end of the T/R component 3 is connected to the first upper metal patch 812 through the T/R component output port 201 and the metallized blind hole 5 for feeding. Specifically, the feed connection may be soldered using BGA and T/R assembly 3, and may be sintered to the bottom of feed delivery structure 2.
Each T/R assembly 3 includes four phase shifters, each phase shifter is connected to one satellite-borne Ka-band circularly polarized antenna unit in the same antenna subarray, a rotation angle of each satellite-borne Ka-band circularly polarized antenna unit is the same as a phase of the phase shifter connected thereto and is n times of 90 °, and n is 0, 1, 2, or 3, respectively, to achieve consistency of the antenna rotation phase and the phase of the phase shifter.
In the same antenna subarray, the rotation angle difference of any two adjacent satellite-borne Ka-band circularly polarized antenna units is 90 degrees, and/or the phase difference of any two adjacent phase shifters is 90 degrees, so that the feed matching with the T/R component 3 is realized. The invention can be used for millimeter wave antenna communication and high-resolution radar imaging.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the feeding transmission structure 2 is a metal layer printed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 8. Referring to fig. 9, which is a regular quadrilateral, several holes are distributed as the T/R module outlets 201.
In the invention, one T/R component 3 corresponds to four ports, a central rotational symmetry structure is adopted, the size of the T/R component 3 is consistent with the length and width of the antenna so as to facilitate BGA welding, in the embodiment, the length and width size is designed to be 10 x 10mm, and the height of the antenna section (namely the height from the first dielectric substrate 8 to the fourth dielectric substrate 14) is 1.77mm. For one antenna sub-array shown in fig. 7, four groups of antenna elements 11a, 12a, 13a, 14a and four phase shifters 31a, 32a, 33a, 34a connected to the antenna elements, respectively, are shown. For example, the rotation angle of the antenna element 11a is the same as the phase of the phase shifter 31a connected thereto and is 0 times of 90 °, the rotation angle of the antenna element 12a is the same as the phase of the phase shifter 32a connected thereto and is 1 times of 90 °, that is 90 °, the rotation angle of the antenna element 13a is the same as the phase of the phase shifter 33a connected thereto and is 2 times of 90 °, that is 180 °, and the rotation angle of the antenna element 14a is the same as the phase of the phase shifter 34a connected thereto and is 3 times of 90 °, that is 270 °. Thus, the rotation angle difference between any two adjacent antenna elements and the phase difference between any two adjacent phase shifters are both 90 °.
In view of this, the cross-polarization component generated by antenna unit 11a cancels the cross-polarization component coupled to antenna unit 12a and antenna unit 14a, the cross-polarization component generated by antenna unit 12a cancels the cross-polarization component coupled to antenna unit 13a, and the cross-polarization component generated by antenna unit 13a cancels the cross-polarization component coupled to antenna unit 14a, so that a better main polarization component can be obtained. When the antenna units form an array to carry out wave beam scanning, a wider scanning angle can be obtained, so that the scanning angle of the circularly polarized phased array antenna is improved, the scanning angle with the axial ratio smaller than 3dB can reach 60 degrees, and the Ka-waveband circularly polarized antenna unit has the advantages of small volume, light weight and low section.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the antenna unit 11a is used as a reference point, and the phase of the phase shifter 31a connected to the antenna unit 11a is 0 °; the antenna element 12a is rotated by 90 ° with respect to the antenna element 11a, and the phase of the phase shifter 32a connected to the antenna element 12a is 90 °; the antenna element 13a is rotated 180 ° clockwise with respect to the antenna element 11a, and the phase of the phase shifter 33a connected to the antenna element 13a is 180 °; the antenna element 14a is rotated clockwise by 270 ° with respect to the antenna element 11a, and the phase of the phase shifter 34a connected to the antenna element 14a is 270 °. The distance between the antenna unit 11a and the antenna units 12a and 14a is 5.15mm; the distance between the antenna unit 12a and the antenna unit 13a is 5.15mm; the antenna element 13a is spaced from the antenna element 14a by 5.15mm.
In one embodiment of the invention, N is 4, and a 64-element array Ka-band circularly polarized phased array is formed by 4 × 4 antenna sub-arrays. However, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the Ka-band circularly polarized phased array antenna may have other numbers of combinations, for example, 2 × 2, 4 × 4, 6 × 6, 8 × 8 … …, which is not limited by this embodiment. When the Ka-band circularly polarized phased array antenna is used for beam scanning, a wider scanning angle can be obtained, so that the scanning angle of the circularly polarized phased array antenna is improved, the scanning angle can reach 55 degrees, and the Ka-band circularly polarized antenna unit has the advantages of small size, light weight and low profile.
Fig. 10 shows the standing-wave ratio of the antenna unit of the active phased array, and it can be seen that the impedance bandwidth of the standing-wave ratio of the antenna unit of the active phased array is less than 1.8, which is 24.76 to 34.8GHz.
Fig. 11 is an axial ratio bandwidth diagram of the antenna unit of the active phased array, and it can be seen that the axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna unit of the active phased array, which is less than 3dB, is 26.89 to 32.91GHz.
As shown in fig. 12, the directional patterns of the antenna elements at 29.5GHz, it can be seen that the 3dB beamwidths of the E-plane and the H-plane are both 113 °.
As shown in fig. 13, when the antenna array is not scanned at 29.5GHz, it can be seen that the Ka-band circularly polarized phased array antenna has a beam width of 12 ° and a sidelobe level of 13.2dB.
As shown in figure 14, the axial ratio plot of the line array when unscanned at 29.5GHz, it can be seen that the axial ratio of the Ka-band circularly polarized phased array antenna is less than 3dB.
As shown in fig. 15, the antenna array has a directional diagram when scanned at 55 ° at 29.5GHz, and it can be seen that the beam width of the Ka-band circularly polarized phased array antenna when scanned at 55 ° is 18 °.
As shown in figure 16, the axial ratio plot of the line array at 29.5GHz scan 55 deg., it can be seen that the axial ratio of the Ka-band circularly polarized phased array antenna is less than 3dB.
It should be noted that the above description is only for the purpose of illustrating embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the embodiments, but rather as an equivalent arrangement of changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations and simplifications which may be made without departing from the spirit and the basic principles of the present invention. The scope of the invention is indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
In summary, the antenna unit of the present invention is formed by connecting a first upper layer metal patch 812 with a T/R module output port 201 through a metallized blind hole 5, coupling and driving a second upper layer metal patch 1202 and a lower layer metal patch 1203 to implement radiation, and by loading the second upper layer metal patch 1202, the lower layer metal patch 1203 and a loading medium cavity with different structures, the electric field distribution of the antenna can be changed, so as to widen the antenna bandwidth and the axial ratio bandwidth. In the embodiment provided by the invention, the antenna unit can realize 33.3% of impedance bandwidth and 16.6% of axial ratio bandwidth, meanwhile, the influence of higher mode is reduced by loading the peripheral metalized through holes 4, so that the coupling among the antenna units is reduced, the fourth dielectric substrate 14 covered at the topmost part can widen the beam width of the antenna, and thus, large-angle scanning is realized.
In addition, the invention arranges four groups of antenna units which are sequentially rotated by 90 degrees through a rectangular array to form an antenna subarray, arranges that the rotation angle of each group of antenna units is the same as the phase of the T/R component and is an integral multiple of 90 degrees, and arranges that the rotation angle difference of any two adjacent antenna units and/or the phase difference of corresponding phase shifters are 90 degrees. In view of this, the cross polarization component generated by each antenna element can cancel the cross polarization component coupled by the adjacent antenna element, so that the main polarization component can be better. When the array formed by the antenna subarray is used for beam scanning, a wider scanning angle can be obtained, so that the scanning angle of the circularly polarized phased array antenna is improved, the scanning angle with the axial ratio smaller than 3dB can reach 55 degrees, the Ka-band circularly polarized antenna unit has the advantages of small volume, light weight and low section, the antenna is welded by adopting BGA and T/R components, and the array surface aperture sintered at the bottom of the reflection bottom plate is small, and the integration level is higher.
Claims (8)
1. A satellite-borne Ka-band circularly polarized antenna unit is characterized by comprising a first dielectric substrate (8), a first semi-cured layer (9), a second dielectric substrate (10), a second semi-cured layer (11) and a third dielectric substrate (12) which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top;
a first upper layer metal ring (811) and a first upper layer metal patch (812) are printed on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate (8); a metallized blind hole (5) is arranged in the first dielectric substrate (8); the first upper metal patch (812) is positioned in the first upper metal ring (811) and isolated from each other;
the second medium substrate (10) is a cavity structure with a hollow middle part and is used for providing a medium cavity;
a second upper-layer metal ring (1201) and a second upper-layer metal patch (1202) are printed on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate (12), a lower-layer metal patch (1203) is printed on the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate, and the second upper-layer metal patch (1202) is positioned in the second upper-layer metal ring (1201) and isolated from each other; a metalized through hole (4) is formed through the first medium substrate (8), the first semi-cured layer (9), the second medium substrate (10), the second semi-cured layer (11) and the third medium substrate (12);
the first upper-layer metal ring (811) is connected with the second upper-layer metal ring (1201) through the metalized through hole (4), the first upper-layer metal patch (812) is connected with the T/R component output port (201) through the metalized blind hole (5) for feeding,
the second upper layer metal patch (1202), the lower layer metal patch (1203) and the first upper layer metal patch (812) are coupled with feed to radiate.
2. The spaceborne Ka-band circularly polarized antenna unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the horizontal cross-sections of the first dielectric substrate (8), the first semi-cured layer (9), the second dielectric substrate (10), the second semi-cured layer (11) and the third dielectric substrate (12) are regular quadrangles and have equal areas; the first upper-layer metal ring (811) and the second upper-layer metal ring (1201) are both square closed frames, and a plurality of metallized through holes (4) are distributed at equal intervals along the closed frames.
3. The satellite-borne Ka-band circularly polarized antenna unit according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first upper metal patch (812) is composed of a first portion, a second portion and a third portion, the first portion and the second portion are both arrow-shaped, the arrow-shaped directions face the direction away from the center of the first dielectric substrate (8), the arrow-shaped directions are symmetrically arranged and are connected at the tail portion, the width of the connecting portion is smaller than the width of the widest position of the arrow, the third portion is composed of a rectangle and a semicircular ring, one side of the rectangle is connected to the arrow-shaped side surface of the second portion, and the semicircular ring is connected to the opposite side of one side of the rectangle;
the second upper-layer metal patch (1202) is composed of four small units, the four small units are arranged in central symmetry, two adjacent small units are symmetrically arranged about a diagonal line of the regular quadrangle, any two small units at the opposite angles are the regular quadrangle with unfilled corners, the unfilled corners are located far away from the center, and the other two small units are the regular quadrangles with the side length equal to that of the unfilled-corner regular quadrangle;
the lower-layer metal patch (1203) is composed of four small units, the four small units are all in a regular quadrangle and are arranged in a central symmetry mode, and two adjacent small units are arranged symmetrically about the central line of opposite sides of the regular quadrangle.
4. The on-board Ka-band circularly polarized antenna unit according to claim 1, further comprising a third semi-cured layer (13) and a fourth dielectric substrate (14) sequentially above the third dielectric substrate (12); the fourth dielectric substrate (14) adopts a non-metalized dielectric substrate and is used for widening antenna beams.
5. An array of spaceborne Ka-band circularly polarized antennas, which is characterized in that the array is formed by distributing N x N antenna sub-arrays in a rectangular array form, each antenna sub-array is formed by distributing four spaceborne Ka-band circularly polarized antenna units according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4 in a rectangular array form, wherein N is an even integer greater than or equal to 2.
6. A phased array comprising N feed transmission structures (2), N T/R assemblies (3) and the on-board Ka-band circularly polarized antenna array of claim 5;
each feed transmission structure (2) is arranged below one satellite-borne Ka-band circularly polarized antenna unit, and each feed transmission structure (2) is a metal layer provided with a plurality of T/R component output ports (201);
each T/R component (3) is arranged below one feed transmission structure (2), and the output end of each T/R component (3) is connected with the first upper-layer metal patch (812) through a T/R component output port (201) and the metallized blind hole (5) to feed;
each T/R component (3) comprises four phase shifters, each phase shifter is connected with one satellite-borne Ka-band circularly polarized antenna unit in the same antenna subarray, the rotation angle of each satellite-borne Ka-band circularly polarized antenna unit is the same as the phase of the phase shifter connected with the satellite-borne Ka-band circularly polarized antenna unit, and the rotation angle is n times of 90 degrees, wherein n is 0, 1, 2 or 3;
in the same antenna subarray, the rotation angle difference of any two adjacent satellite-borne Ka-band circularly polarized antenna units is 90 degrees, and/or the phase difference of any two adjacent phase shifters is 90 degrees.
7. Phased array according to claim 6, characterized in that the feed transmission structure (2) is a metal layer printed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate (8).
8. The phased array of claim 6, wherein the value of N is 4, thereby forming a 64-element array Ka-band circularly polarized phased array, the beam widths of the azimuth plane and the elevation plane of the satellite-borne Ka-band circularly polarized antenna unit are both 113 degrees, the axial ratio in the beam width range is less than 3dB, and the horizontal beam width when scanning +/-55 degrees is 18 degrees; the array gain of the 64-element array Ka-band circularly polarized phased array in equal-amplitude in-phase is 23.12dB, the horizontal beam width is 12 degrees, and the sidelobe level is 13.2dB.
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| CN202211486446.0A CN115810917A (en) | 2022-11-24 | 2022-11-24 | Satellite-borne Ka-band circularly polarized antenna unit, antenna array and phased array |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117039433A (en) * | 2023-10-07 | 2023-11-10 | 成都辰星迅联科技有限公司 | Thin film phased array antenna and phased array antenna array based on lead patch |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117039433A (en) * | 2023-10-07 | 2023-11-10 | 成都辰星迅联科技有限公司 | Thin film phased array antenna and phased array antenna array based on lead patch |
| CN117039433B (en) * | 2023-10-07 | 2023-12-29 | 成都辰星迅联科技有限公司 | Thin film phased array antenna and phased array antenna array based on lead patch |
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