CN115623929A - Fruit tree grafting method - Google Patents
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- CN115623929A CN115623929A CN202211317813.4A CN202211317813A CN115623929A CN 115623929 A CN115623929 A CN 115623929A CN 202211317813 A CN202211317813 A CN 202211317813A CN 115623929 A CN115623929 A CN 115623929A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fruit tree grafting method, which comprises the steps of treating a stock, cutting scions, grafting, binding and binding, and tree-form culturing, wherein multi-scion grafting is adopted according to the size of a grafting surface, the grafting is completed at one time, a belly abutment grafting technology is adopted between a main scion and an auxiliary scion, the upper parts of the main scion and the auxiliary scion are cut into willow leaf-shaped cutting surfaces, the auxiliary scion is abutted against the main scion, and bark grafting is adopted between the main scion, the auxiliary scion and the stock. The fruit tree grafting method is simple and convenient to operate, high in survival rate, simple and convenient to insert and high in survival rate, and can be used for replacing the fruit trees in orchards with disordered varieties and inconsistent market demands, ageing varieties or market demands at one time, and replacing the fruit trees in closed orchards needing thinning, and the fruit trees can be replaced by alternate plants.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree grafting, in particular to a fruit tree grafting method.
Background
Grafting is one of vegetative reproduction in asexual reproduction. The branch or bud of one plant is grafted to the stem or root of another plant, and the two parts which are connected together are grown into a complete plant. The grafting method is divided into a branch grafting method and a bud grafting method. The grafting is carried out by utilizing the function of wound healing of the plant after being wounded. The grafted branch or bud is called scion; the grafted plant is called stock or table wood. When scion is grafted, a seedling with 2 to 4 buds is generally selected and becomes the upper part or the top of a plant body after grafting, and a stock becomes the root part of the plant body after grafting. The scion and the cambium of the stock are tightly combined during grafting so as to ensure the survival of the scion.
The grafting technique is introduced from Japan to China in 1982, and years of practice prove that the method is simple and easy to operate and has high survival rate. Even if the endothelium layer is not prized up in the growth period, the survival rate is influenced.
The growth of fruit trees needs a certain time, the fruit trees are subjected to instantaneous change in the market, most of the fruit trees cannot be quickly adapted to the market, the fruit trees with mixed varieties, aging or out-of-the-way market demands and the closed garden needing thinning are adapted to the market by means of cutting or grafting, but the existing grafting technology adopts a grafting scheme only, the operation is complicated, the survival rate needs to be improved, and the thinning means is too long periodically, so that the fruit tree grafting method which is simple and convenient to operate and high in survival rate is urgently needed by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a fruit tree grafting method. Solves the problems of complex operation and low survival rate in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a fruit tree grafting method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: treating the rootstock: during grafting, a smooth scar-free part is selected on a trunk of the stock and sawed off according to the height required by grafting, so that the trunk becomes a tree pier meeting the grafting height, the section of the stock needs to be flat and smooth, and the rest barks are kept intact;
s2: scion cutting: the scions comprise a main scion and an auxiliary scion, a grafting knife is used for cutting a tongue wedge-shaped cutting surface on the back surface below the base buds of the main scion and the auxiliary scion respectively, and a 0.2-0.3 cm cortex is cut at the lower end opposite to the tongue wedge-shaped cutting surface, so that the scions can be inserted conveniently during grafting;
s3: grafting: the scions are uniformly distributed during grafting, bark grafting is carried out on the scions one by one, a knife handle or bamboo sticks are adopted to be respectively inserted into the stock at the junction of the xylem and phloem of the section of the stock to form inserting openings corresponding to the number of the scions, and tongue wedge-shaped cut surfaces of the main scions and the auxiliary scions are sequentially inserted into the inserting openings of the stock;
s4: binding: after the bark grafting is inserted into the scion, fixing the scion and the stock by adopting a long iron nail, and immediately binding and tightly binding the section of the stock and the inserting opening of the scion by using a plastic bag; when the root stock is large, the root stock needs to be kept away from the scion inserting opening, and the rest parts are coated with a healing agent for protection.
S5: tree-shaped cultivation: in order to accelerate wound healing of abdominal inarching, the grafted fruit trees carry out bud picking and thinning on the joints and redundant sprout tillers on the scions during winter and spring pruning, and a vigorous branch is selected and reserved as a central trunk to be reserved more than 90cm away from the ground to cultivate the spindle tree shape.
Further, when the tree is sawn in the step S1, the sawn surface needs to be cut flat at about 15 degrees from south to north, when the young garden with the low age is grafted, the distance between the stock of the arbor tree and the ground is 20-30 cm, and the middle stock of the arbor tree is 5cm higher than the ground; when grafting is carried out in the mature orchard, the distance between the stock of the arbor and the ground is 40-50 cm, fruit trees with the age of less than 10 years are in the low-age young orchard, and fruit trees with the age of more than 15 years are in the mature orchard.
Further, the number of scions is small when the trunk is thin, the number of scions is large when the trunk is thick, when the diameter of the cross section of the rootstock in the step S1 is less than 10cm, the number of the main scions in the step S2 is 1, and the number of the auxiliary scions is 1; when the diameter of the cross section of the rootstock in the step S1 is 10-20 cm, 1 main scion and 2 auxiliary scions are adopted in the step S2; and when the diameter of the cross section of the rootstock in the step S1 is 20-40 cm, 1 main scion and 3-4 auxiliary scions are adopted in the step S2. In the step S3, 4 minor scion abdomens can be abutted against 1 major scion, or 2 minor scion abdomens can be abutted against the major scion, and the other two minor scions promote wound healing and are thinned out in the next year.
Further, in the step S2, the length of the main scion is 40-50 cm, the length of the auxiliary scion is 20-30 cm, the length of the tongue wedge-shaped cutting surface on the back surface below the base bud of the main scion is more than 5cm, and the length of the tongue wedge-shaped cutting surface on the back surface below the base bud of the auxiliary scion is more than 3cm.
Further, when bark grafting of the rootstock and abdomen inarching of the scion are simultaneously carried out, the step S2 is to cut a willow leaf-shaped cut surface in the middle of the main scion and cut a broad willow leaf-shaped cut surface on the upper part of the auxiliary scion so as to facilitate mutual abdomen inarching of the main scion and the auxiliary scion.
Furthermore, the number of the willow-leaf-shaped cutting surfaces in the middle of the main scion is the same as that of the auxiliary scions.
Furthermore, the length of the willow-leaf-shaped cutting surface is 3-5 cm, and the length of the broad willow-leaf-shaped cutting surface is 3-5 cm.
Furthermore, after the bark insertion in the step S3 is finished, the abdomen abutment is performed, the broad willow leaf-shaped cut surface on the upper portion of the secondary scion abuts against the willow leaf-shaped cut surface in the middle of the primary scion, and the broad willow leaf-shaped cut surface on the upper portion of the secondary scion abuts against the willow leaf-shaped cut surface in the middle of the primary scion tightly and then binding is performed.
Furthermore, when the abdomen is tied, tied and bound, the scion interface is tied tightly by adopting a special plastic grafting tying strip, and the width of the special plastic grafting tying strip is 2cm.
Further, the number of the knife handles or the bamboo sticks in the step S3 is the same as that of the scions.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the fruit tree grafting method, multi-scion grafting is adopted according to the size of a grafting surface, grafting is completed at one time, a belly leaning grafting technology is adopted between a main scion and an auxiliary scion, the upper parts of the main scion and the auxiliary scion are cut into willow-leaf-shaped cutting surfaces, the auxiliary scion is leaned on the main scion, and the operation is simple and convenient; the main scion, the auxiliary scion and the stock are grafted by inserting bark, the stock and the scion are convenient to cut and take, the grafting is simple and convenient, the long iron nails are adopted to fix the scion and the stock, the stability of the scion is enhanced, and the scion is not easy to blow down by wind. The fruit tree grafting method is adopted to graft fruit trees, the survival rate is high, the operation is simple and convenient, the method can be adopted to perform one-time 'optimization' on orchards with disordered varieties, aged varieties or inconsistent market demands, and the method can be adopted to perform 'optimization' on closed orchards needing thinning and alternate planting.
Detailed Description
In order that the objects and advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
The fruit tree grafting method in the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: treating the rootstock: grafting the young orchard with low age, wherein the fruit trees in the young orchard with low age are the fruit trees with the age of less than 10 years, and the distance between the stock of the arbor tree and the ground is 20-30 cm during grafting; selecting a smooth and scarless part on the trunk of the stock to be sawn off according to the height required by grafting, and leveling off the sawn surface at about 15 degrees from south to north to form a tree pier which meets the height required by grafting, wherein the diameter of the section of the stock is less than 10cm, the section is required to be flat and smooth, and the rest of barks are kept intact;
s2: scion cutting: the scions comprise 1 main scion and 1 auxiliary scion, the length of the main scion is 40cm, the length of the auxiliary scion is 20cm, a grafting knife is used for cutting a tongue wedge-shaped cutting surface with the length larger than 5cm on the back surface below a base bud of the main scion, a tongue wedge-shaped cutting surface with the length larger than 3cm is cut on the back surface below the base bud of the auxiliary scion, and a 0.2cm cortex is cut at the lower end opposite to the tongue wedge-shaped cutting surface, so that the scions can be inserted conveniently during grafting;
s3: grafting: the scions are uniformly distributed during grafting, bark grafting is carried out on the scions one by one, 2 bamboo sticks are adopted at the junction of the xylem and phloem of the cross section of the stock to be respectively inserted into the stock to form inserting openings corresponding to the quantity of the scions, and the tongue wedge-shaped cut surfaces of the main scions and the auxiliary scions are sequentially inserted into the inserting openings of the stock;
s4: binding: after the bark grafting is inserted into the scion, fixing the scion and the stock by adopting a long iron nail, and immediately binding and tightly binding the cross section of the stock and the inserting opening of the scion by using a plastic bag; when binding, the binding should be tight.
S5: and (3) tree-shaped culture: in order to accelerate wound healing of abdominal inarching, the grafted fruit trees perform bud picking and thinning on the joints and redundant sprouts on the scions during winter and spring pruning, and one vigorous branch is selected and reserved as a central trunk to be reserved above 90cm away from the ground to cultivate the spindle tree shape.
Example 2
The fruit tree grafting method in the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: treating the rootstock: fruit trees with the age of more than 15 years in mature young gardens are grafted, the distance between the stock of an arbor tree and the ground is 40-50 cm, a smooth and scar-free part is selected to be sawn off on the trunk of the stock according to the height required by grafting during grafting, the sawn surface needs to be cut flat at about 15 degrees from south to north, so that the stock becomes a tree pier which meets the height required by grafting, the diameter of the section of the stock is 10-20 cm, the section needs to be flat and smooth, and the rest of barks are kept intact;
s2: scion cutting: the scions comprise 1 main scion and 2 auxiliary scions, the length of the main scion is 50cm, the length of the auxiliary scion is 20-30 cm, a grafting knife is used for cutting a tongue wedge-shaped cutting surface with the length larger than 5cm on the back surface below a base bud of the main scion, a tongue wedge-shaped cutting surface with the length larger than 3cm is cut on the back surface below the base bud of the auxiliary scion, and a 0.3cm cortex is cut at the lower end opposite to the tongue wedge-shaped cutting surface, so that the scions can be inserted conveniently during grafting; the bark grafting of the rootstock and the abdomen inarching of the scion are carried out simultaneously, 1 willow leaf-shaped cutting surface with the cutting surface length of 3-5 cm is respectively cut at the two sides of the middle part of the main scion, and a wide willow leaf-shaped cutting surface with the cutting surface length of 3-5 cm is respectively cut at the upper part of the auxiliary scion so as to facilitate the mutual abdomen inarching of the main scion and the auxiliary scion;
s3: grafting: 3 scions are uniformly distributed on a stock at an azimuth angle of 120 degrees during grafting, 3 knife handles are adopted at the junction of the xylem and phloem of the section of the stock to be respectively inserted into the stock to form sockets adaptive to the quantity of the scions, tongue wedge-shaped cutting surfaces at the lower parts of 1 main scion and 2 auxiliary scions are sequentially and respectively inserted into the sockets pried by the stock, and bark grafting can be completed; then immediately carrying out multi-scion abdomen inarching, wherein the wide willow leaf-shaped cutting surfaces at the upper parts of 2 auxiliary scions are inarched on the willow leaf-shaped cutting surfaces in the middle of the main scions, and the wide willow leaf-shaped cutting surfaces at the upper parts of the auxiliary scions are bound after being tightly inarched with the willow leaf-shaped cutting surfaces in the middle of the main scions;
s4: binding: after the bark grafting is inserted into the scion, fixing the scion and the stock by adopting a long iron nail, and immediately binding and tightly binding the cross section of the stock and the inserting opening of the scion by using a plastic bag; when the abdomen is tied, the grafting special plastic tying strip with the width of 2cm is adopted to be tightly tied to the scion port, and when the abdomen is tied, the grafting special plastic tying strip needs to be tightly tied, and the abdomen needs to be tightly tied.
S5: and (3) tree-shaped culture: in order to accelerate wound healing of abdominal inarching, the grafted fruit trees carry out bud picking and thinning on the joints and redundant sprout tillers on the scions during winter and spring pruning, and a vigorous branch is selected and reserved as a central trunk to be reserved more than 90cm away from the ground to cultivate the spindle tree shape.
Example 3
The fruit tree grafting method in the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: treating the rootstock: fruit trees with the age of more than 15 years in mature young gardens are grafted, the distance between the stock of an arbor tree and the ground is 40-50 cm, the stock is higher than the ground by more than 10cm, a smooth and scar-free part is selected on the trunk of the stock for sawing according to the height required by grafting during grafting, the sawn surface needs to be cut flatly at about 15 degrees from south to north, so that the stock becomes a tree pier which meets the height required by grafting, the diameter of the section of the stock is 20-40 cm, the section needs to be flat and smooth, and the rest barks are kept intact;
s2: scion cutting: the scions comprise 1 main scion and 3 or 4 auxiliary scions, the length of the main scion is 45cm, the length of the auxiliary scion is 20-30 cm, a grafting knife is used for cutting a tongue wedge-shaped cutting surface with the length larger than 5cm on the back surface below a base bud of the main scion, a tongue wedge-shaped cutting surface with the length larger than 3cm is cut on the back surface below the base bud of the auxiliary scion, and a cortex with the length of 0.3cm is cut at the lower end opposite to the tongue wedge-shaped cutting surface, so that the scions can be inserted conveniently during grafting; the bark grafting of the rootstock and the abdomen inarching of the scion are carried out simultaneously, 2 or 3 or 4 willow leaf-shaped cutting surfaces with the cutting surface length of 3-5 cm are cut on the side surface of the middle part of the main scion, and a wide willow leaf-shaped cutting surface with the cutting surface length of 3-5 cm is cut on the upper part of each auxiliary scion so as to facilitate the mutual abdomen inarching of the main scion and the auxiliary scions;
s3: grafting: 4 or 5 scion stocks are uniformly distributed during grafting, 4 or 5 knife handles are respectively inserted into the stocks at the junctions of the xylem and phloem of the sections of the stocks to form sockets corresponding to the quantity of the scions, tongue wedge-shaped cut surfaces at the lower parts of 1 main scion and 3 or 4 auxiliary scions are respectively inserted into the sockets pried by the stocks in sequence, and grafting of the scions can be completed; then immediately carrying out abdomen leaning grafting of multiple scions, leaning the wide willow leaf-shaped cutting surfaces on the upper parts of 3 auxiliary scions against the middle part of a main scion containing 3 willow leaf-shaped cutting surfaces, leaning the wide willow leaf-shaped cutting surfaces on the upper parts of the auxiliary scions against the willow leaf-shaped cutting surfaces in the middle part of the main scion for binding, adopting 5 scions for bark grafting for 15-year-old big trees due to too thick trunks, leaning the wide willow leaf-shaped cutting surfaces on the upper parts of 4 auxiliary scions against the middle part of the main scion containing 4 willow leaf-shaped cutting surfaces, also leaning 2 auxiliary scions against the main scion with the abdomen, promoting wound healing of the other two auxiliary scions, carrying out thinning in the next year, and binding after the wide willow leaf-shaped cutting surfaces on the upper parts of the auxiliary scions and the willow leaf-shaped cutting surfaces in the middle part of the main scion are leaned and solid;
s4: binding: after the bark grafting is inserted into the scion, fixing the scion and the stock by adopting a long iron nail, and immediately binding and tightly binding the cross section of the stock and the inserting opening of the scion by using a plastic bag; when the abdomen is bound, a plastic binding strip with the width of 2cm special for grafting is adopted to joint and tightly bind the scion interface, the scion interface needs to be tightly bound when the abdomen is bound, the scion interface needs to be tightly bound, and when the surface of a stock is larger, the scion interface needs to be avoided, and the healing agent is coated on the rest parts for protection.
S5: and (3) tree-shaped culture: in order to accelerate wound healing of abdominal inarching, the grafted fruit trees perform bud picking and thinning on the joints and redundant sprouts on the scions during winter and spring pruning, and one vigorous branch is selected and reserved as a central trunk to be reserved above 90cm away from the ground to cultivate the spindle tree shape.
Selecting 3 test fields, averagely dividing the test fields into 3 parts according to the number and the growth condition of fruit trees, grafting the fruit trees in spring by adopting the method in the embodiment, wherein the length of the scions in each test field is basically consistent during grafting, each scion is fresh, the plump degree of buds is high, the average survival rate of the scions is counted after one year, and the results are as follows:
| example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | |
| Survival rate/% | 98.5 | 99 | 99.3 |
In the embodiment, bark grafting and abdomen inarching are fused, multi-scion grafting is adopted according to the size of a grafting surface, grafting is completed at one time, the abdomen inarching technology is adopted between the main scion and the auxiliary scion, the upper parts of the main scion and the auxiliary scion are cut into willow leaf-shaped cutting surfaces, the auxiliary scion is inarched on the main scion, and the operation is simple and convenient; the main scion, the auxiliary scion and the stock are grafted by bark grafting, so that the stock and the scion are convenient to cut and take, and the grafting is simple and convenient. As can be seen from the above table, the survival rate of the fruit tree grafted by the fruit tree grafting method in the embodiment is as high as 98.5 or more, and the operation is simple.
In conclusion, the fruit tree grafting method adopts multi-scion grafting according to the size of a grafting surface, the grafting is completed at one time, the upper parts of the main scion and the auxiliary scion are cut into willow-leaf-shaped cutting surfaces by adopting a belly abutment grafting technology, the auxiliary scion is abutted to the main scion, and the operation is simple and convenient; the main scion, the auxiliary scion and the stock are grafted by inserting bark, the stock and the scion are convenient to cut and take, the grafting is simple and convenient, the long iron nails are adopted to fix the scions and the stock, the stability of the scions is enhanced, and the scions are not easy to blow down by wind. The fruit tree grafting method is adopted to graft fruit trees, the survival rate is high, the operation is simple and convenient, the method can be adopted to perform one-time 'optimization' on orchards with disordered varieties, aged varieties or inconsistent market demands, and the method can be adopted to perform 'optimization' on closed orchards needing thinning and alternate planting.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, which is intended to cover any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A fruit tree grafting method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: treating the rootstock: during grafting, a smooth scar-free part is selected on the trunk of the stock according to the height required by grafting and is sawn off, the section needs to be smooth, and the rest barks are kept intact;
s2: scion cutting: respectively cutting a tongue wedge-shaped cutting surface on the back surface below the base buds of the main scion and the auxiliary scion by using a grafting knife, and cutting a 0.2-0.3 cm cortex layer at the lower end opposite to the tongue wedge-shaped cutting surface;
s3: grafting: the scions are uniformly distributed during grafting, bark grafting is carried out on the scions one by one, a knife handle or bamboo sticks are adopted to be respectively inserted into the stock at the junction of the xylem and phloem of the section of the stock to form inserting openings corresponding to the number of the scions, and tongue wedge-shaped cut surfaces of the main scions and the auxiliary scions are sequentially inserted into the inserting openings of the stock;
s4: binding: after the bark grafting is inserted into the scion, fixing the scion and the stock by adopting a long iron nail, and immediately binding and tightly binding the section of the stock and the inserting opening of the scion by using a plastic bag;
s5: and (3) tree-shaped culture: and (3) when the grafted fruit trees are trimmed in winter and spring, carrying out bud picking and thinning on redundant sprouts at the joint and on the scion, and selecting and reserving a vigorous branch as a central trunk to reserve branches above 90cm from the ground to cultivate the spindle tree shape.
2. The fruit tree grafting method according to claim 1, wherein: when the tree is sawn off in the step S1, the sawn surface is cut at about 15 degrees from south to north, and when the tree is grafted in a young garden of a low age, the distance between the stock of the arbor tree and the ground is 20-30 cm; when mature orchard grafting is carried out, the distance between the stock of the arbor tree and the ground is 40-50 cm.
3. The fruit tree grafting method according to claim 1, wherein: when the diameter of the cross section of the rootstock in the step S1 is less than 10cm, the number of the main scions in the step S2 is 1, and the number of the auxiliary scions is 1; when the diameter of the cross section of the rootstock in the step S1 is 10-20 cm, the number of the main scions in the step S2 is 1, and the number of the auxiliary scions is 2; and when the diameter of the cross section of the rootstock in the step S1 is 20-40 cm, 1 main scion and 3-4 auxiliary scions are adopted in the step S2.
4. The fruit tree grafting method according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S2, the length of the main scion is 40-50 cm, the length of the auxiliary scion is 20-30 cm, the length of the tongue wedge-shaped cutting surface on the back of the lower part of the bud of the base part of the main scion is more than 5cm, and the length of the tongue wedge-shaped cutting surface on the back of the lower part of the bud of the auxiliary scion is more than 3cm.
5. The fruit tree grafting method according to claim 1, wherein: and step S2, cutting a willow leaf-shaped cutting surface in the middle of the main scion, and cutting a broad willow leaf-shaped cutting surface on the upper part of the auxiliary scion.
6. The fruit tree grafting method according to claim 5, wherein: the number of the willow leaf-shaped cutting surfaces in the middle of the main scion is the same as that of the auxiliary scions.
7. The fruit tree grafting method according to claim 5, wherein: the length of the willow-leaf-shaped cutting surface is 3-5 cm, and the length of the broad willow-leaf-shaped cutting surface is 3-5 cm.
8. The fruit tree grafting method according to claim 7, wherein: and S3, after the bark insertion is finished, carrying out abdomen leaning grafting, wherein the wide willow leaf-shaped cut surface at the upper part of the auxiliary scion is leaned against the willow leaf-shaped cut surface at the middle part of the main scion, and the wide willow leaf-shaped cut surface at the upper part of the auxiliary scion is bound and bound after being leaned against the willow leaf-shaped cut surface at the middle part of the main scion.
9. The fruit tree grafting method according to claim 8, wherein: when the abdomen is tied, the scion interface is tied tightly by adopting a plastic tying strip special for grafting, and the width of the plastic tying strip special for grafting is 2cm.
10. The fruit tree grafting method according to claim 1, wherein: and in the step S3, the number of the knife handles or the bamboo sticks is the same as that of the scions.
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| CN202211317813.4A CN115623929A (en) | 2022-10-26 | 2022-10-26 | Fruit tree grafting method |
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| CN202211317813.4A CN115623929A (en) | 2022-10-26 | 2022-10-26 | Fruit tree grafting method |
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Application publication date: 20230120 |