CN1156231A - 贮存多组分低温液体的设备 - Google Patents

贮存多组分低温液体的设备 Download PDF

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CN1156231A
CN1156231A CN96122654A CN96122654A CN1156231A CN 1156231 A CN1156231 A CN 1156231A CN 96122654 A CN96122654 A CN 96122654A CN 96122654 A CN96122654 A CN 96122654A CN 1156231 A CN1156231 A CN 1156231A
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basin
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CN1068421C (zh
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R·C·李
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Linde LLC
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    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
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    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/025—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the pressure as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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    • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
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    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
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    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
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    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
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    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
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    • F17C2205/0335—Check-valves or non-return valves
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    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
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    • F17C2221/031—Air
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    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2225/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F17C2227/0393—Localisation of heat exchange separate using a vaporiser
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    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
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    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
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    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
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Abstract

一种贮存多组分低温液体的设备，在其中贮罐内的液上蒸汽是在一外部的冷凝罐中与来自贮罐的液体进行间接热交换而冷凝的。所得的冷凝液可以通过一加于外部冷凝罐的增压管线重新引入贮罐。通过这种方式，得以调节贮罐内的压力，而且贮存在贮罐中液体的组成可以保持某种程度的恒定。采用位于贮罐外面的冷凝罐，就可将现有技术的低温液体贮罐和杜瓦瓶进行改装来贮存多组分低温液体。

Description

贮存多组分低温液体的设备
本发明涉及一种在贮罐内贮存多组分低温液体用的设备。具体地说，本发明涉及的设备，将贮罐内的液上蒸气通过与低温液体的间接热交换而使它冷凝。更具体地说，本发明是涉及这样一种设备，它将液上蒸气在一外部冷凝罐中冷凝。所得的冷凝液则通过一增压管线返回到贮罐中。
人们用低温贮存容器和杜瓦瓶来贮存低温液体的，例如液化的大气气体，或者在其使用场所贮存，或者用于这类低温液体的运输。虽然这类贮罐和杜瓦瓶是隔热的，但仍然有热量泄漏到贮罐或杜瓦瓶中，引起低温液体的蒸发。蒸发出来的蒸气通常是由贮罐的液上区域放空，以避免贮罐的超压。若低温液体是一种多组分混合物，例如是液态空气，则汽相的放空会产生问题，因为易挥发组分是在难挥发组分之前蒸发的。结果被贮存的液体，其难挥发组分的浓度将逐渐增加。例如，若被贮存的低温液体是液体空气，则氮(以及空气中较低浓度的其它组分)将被放空，致使液体中的氧含量逐渐增加。
为了解决这个问题，美国专利3,260,060揭示了一种低温杜瓦瓶，其中的液体是通过位于杜瓦瓶液上区域的热交换器而蒸发放空的。随着杜瓦瓶中压力的增加，流过热交换器的液体就将蒸气冷凝下来，结果使液体的浓度得以稳定。因为此时蒸发出来的液体与杜瓦瓶中的主体液体是相同浓度，所以不产生浓度变化。
美国专利3,260,060中所述低温杜瓦瓶的问题是它要制造在液上区域具有热交换器的杜瓦瓶，因此这种办法难以适用于对现有低温杜瓦瓶进行改装。如下面所述，本发明提供一种适于对常规低温贮罐和杜瓦瓶进行改装用的低温贮存设备，从而解决了改装问题。
本发明提供一种贮存多组分低温液体的设备，其中该多组分低温液体是贮存在贮罐中的。在贮罐的外面有一个冷凝罐，用作冷凝液上蒸气之用。在冷凝罐内部有一个热交换装置，用来冷凝液上蒸气。该热交换装置与贮罐相连通，并放空至大气，使得来自贮罐的液体流在热交换装置的内部通过与液上蒸气的冷凝进行热交换而蒸发，放空至大气。当贮罐液上区域中的压力超过一预定值时，液体流即通过一可控制启动的阀流入该热交换装置。冷凝罐与贮罐连接，可使贮罐液上区域中的液上蒸气流入冷凝罐，并使液上蒸气的冷凝液流回到贮罐中，本设备备有一个装置，该装置在贮罐液上区域中的压力降低至预定值后，可将液上蒸气冷凝液驱动返回至贮罐中。
由于冷凝是在贮罐外部的一个冷凝罐中进行的，所以这种冷凝罐就可藉适当的管线连接对现有贮罐和杜瓦瓶进行改装。
虽然本发明说明书后的权利要求书清楚地指出申请人认为是本发明的实质内容，但据信在下面结合唯一的附图(它是本发明贮存设备的示意图)进行叙述后，对本发明将可获得更好的理解。
该图中，设备1是本发明贮存多组分液体(如液态空气)用的设备。设备1采用一种常规贮罐10，内装多组分低温液体12。本领域的技术人员知道，贮罐10当然是用常规方法进行隔热的。由于仍有热量漏泄进入贮罐10，低温液体12会蒸发，在其液上区域14中形成蒸气。低温液体流向用户是通过管道15。
与贮罐内部相通装有一压力传感元件16，用以检测液上区域14中的压力。压力传感元件16与一控制器18相连，该控制器18响应压力传感元件16产生的压力信号而控制遥控阀20和22。当液上区域14中的压力达到一预定值时，压力传感元件16产生的信号使控制器将控制阀20置在开启状态。液上区域14中的液上蒸气是通过出口管24流入冷凝罐26的，控制阀20开启之后，贮罐中的液体就从贮罐底部流入管道28，它通过间接热交换使冷凝罐中的液上蒸气冷凝为液体29。
当压力降至预定值以下时，控制阀22开启，而控制阀20关闭。控制阀22开启后，液上蒸气冷凝液29的支流就在一增压管线30(具有一环境蒸发器31)中流过，使冷凝罐26充压。这个压力转而驱使液上蒸气冷凝液29由冷凝罐26通过返回管线32流回贮罐14中。要指出的是，虽然液上蒸气冷凝液29在图中是表示为流回液上区域14，但藉适当管道引回到多组分低温液体12中也可以。当压力达到一预定值时，控制器又令控制阀22关闭。在出口管24中装有止回阀34以避免蒸气经出口管24返流回去。
本领域的技术人员不难知道，止回阀34可用一线圈型或其它类型的控制阀代替。虽然图中所示的是一增压管线30，也可用其它装置如电热装置来代替环境蒸发器。
除上述的以外，还可用种种控制方法来优化放空过程并维持压力。例如，可以检测冷凝液的液面或放空气体的温度，以便确定冷凝液是否上升得太高。此时在进一步放空之前，可通过适当的控制逻辑电路把增压管线切换至将液体泵回到贮罐中。还可采取的办法是采用一定时器，该定时器经一定时间后可起动增压或泵压过程，然后又转换回到放空一段时间，等等。
虽然本发明已结合一种较佳实施方案作了讨论，但本领域的技术人员不难认识到，在不偏离本发明精神和范围的条件下，可作诸多的改变和增删。

Claims (7)

1.一种贮存多组分低温液体用的设备，其特征在于它包括：
一个盛装所述多组分低温液体的贮罐；
一个位于所述贮罐外面的将贮罐中液上蒸气冷凝的冷凝罐；
一个在冷凝罐内部的热交换装置用来冷凝所述液上蒸气，所述热交换装置与所述贮罐相连通，并放空至大气，使得来自所述贮罐的液体流在所述热交换装置的内部通过与所述液上蒸气的冷凝进行热交换而蒸发，放空至大气；
一个可控制启动的阀装置，它在所述液上区域中的压力超过一预定值时，让所述液体流流入所述的热交换装置；
所述的冷凝罐系与贮罐连接，从而让所述贮罐液上区域中的蒸气流入所述冷凝罐，且可让所述液上蒸气冷凝液返流进入所述贮罐；和
一个在所述压力降至所述预定值时能将所述液上蒸气冷凝液驱动返回所述贮罐的装置。
2.如权利要求1所述的设备，其特征还在于所述的液上蒸气冷凝液被驱动返回所述贮罐的所述液上区域。
3.如权利要求1所述的设备，其特征还在于驱动液上蒸气冷凝液的装置包括一可控的增压装置，它是用来增高所述冷凝罐中的压力，用以在所述压力降至所述预定值后将所述液上蒸气冷凝液驱动返回进入所述贮罐之中。
4.如权利要求1所述的设备，其特征还在于其中：
所述冷凝罐系藉出口管与返回管与所述贮罐相连；
所述出口管系将所述贮罐的所述液上区域与所述冷凝罐的顶部区域连通；
所述返回管系将所述冷凝罐的底部区域与所述贮罐的液上区域连通；
所述出口管中有一个防止所述液上蒸气返流进入所述贮罐的止回阀。
5.如权利要求2所述的设备，其特征还在于其中所述的可控增压装置包括一使部分的液上蒸气冷凝液蒸发从而使所述冷凝罐充压的增压管线。
6.如权利要求2所述的设备，其特征还在于其中：
所述的可控增压装置包括一个使部分的液上蒸气冷凝液蒸发从而使所述冷凝罐充压的增压管线和一个让所述该部分液上蒸气冷凝液由所述冷凝罐流至该处的第一遥控阀；
所述的阀装置还包括一个第二遥控阀；
有一个压力传感元件位于所述贮罐的所述液上区域，用以产生与所述压力相关的压力讯号；
一个响应于所述压力讯号的控制器控制着所述的第一和第二遥控阀，使得当所述压力大于所述预定压力时，所述第二遥控阀开启，而当所述压力降至低于所述预定压力时，所述第二遥控阀关闭，且所述第一遥控阀开启。
7.如权利要求6所述的设备，其特征还在于其中：
所述冷凝罐系藉出口管与返回管与所述贮罐相连；
所述出口管系将所述贮罐的所述液上区域与所述冷凝罐的顶部区域连通；
所述返回管系将所述冷凝罐的底部区域与所述贮罐的液上区域连通；
所述出口管中有一个防止所述液上蒸气返流进入所述贮罐的止回阀。
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