CN115607519A - 一种宠物用头孢羟氨苄片及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种宠物用头孢羟氨苄片及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种宠物用头孢羟氨苄片及其制备方法,属于药物制剂技术领域。本发明所提供的头孢羟氨苄片包括以下组成:头孢羟氨苄、微晶纤维素、蜂蜜、羧甲淀粉钠、硬脂酸镁、诱食剂。与现有技术相比,本发明提供的头孢羟氨苄片,给宠物犬猫使用顺应性好,使用方便,可自主采食,连续给药不导致抗拒性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物制剂技术领域,具体涉及一种宠物用头孢羟氨苄片及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,宠物行业在国内快速发展,但是国内宠物相关配套行业发展却滞后于宠物市场的发展,尤其在药品及营养保健品领域。由于药物开发周期长,费用高,国内兽药相关企业起步也相对较晚,造成一定周期内临床用药的缺乏。农业农村部为加快宠物用药品的上市,于2018年公布的农业农村部公告第56号提出,根据《兽药管理条例》,组织制订了注射用头孢噻呋钠(宠物用)等8种兽药产品质量标准和说明书样稿,其中就包含头孢羟氨苄片。主要是在人用制剂的基础上,经过分析评估,调整了适应症范围,使其可应用于宠物犬猫临床。但却忽略了动物口服用药的适口性,严重制约使用过程的用户和动物感受,强制给药的方式将严重违背动物福利。
头孢羟氨苄是一种半合成口服头孢菌素类广谱抗菌药,对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌感染均有杀菌作用。兽医临床用于犬猫由敏感的葡萄球菌、链球菌、巴氏杆菌和克雷伯菌等 引起的呼吸道、泌尿道、皮肤和软组织感染。药物自身理化性质决定了头孢羟氨苄具有一种特异性臭味,使人和动物产生抗拒,在临床给药过程中表现显著,尤其在犬猫一次给药后的重复给药过程。
CN109512791A公开了一种宠物用头孢羟氨苄咀嚼片及其制备方法,所述宠物用头孢羟氨苄咀嚼片主要由头孢羟氨苄、填充剂、崩解剂、诱食剂以及润滑剂组成,所述的诱食剂a包括鸡肉粉、牛肉粉、红烧肉粉、牛肉香精、鸡肉香精、鸡肝粉、牛肉精油等,所述的诱食剂b包括鱼肉粉、鱼腥素、海鲜肽等,所述的诱食剂c包括狗粮诱食剂/风味剂、猫粮诱食剂/风味剂等。
CN114948884A公开了一种宠物用盐酸多西环素风味片及其制备方法,其公开的配方组成中的诱食剂,选自鸡肝提取物、牛肉味风味剂中的一种。
上述专利申请均主要利用动物成分(肉粉、肝粉等)形成肉味风味,从味觉上对动物进行引诱促使其主动采食,但犬猫嗅觉十分灵敏,能分辨出超低含量的物质,简单的复配并不能干扰其嗅觉的判断,因此在重复给药后,会不同程度的出现据食,而不能从本质上解决。
发明内容
针对现有头孢羟氨苄片宠物临床使用适口性问题,本发明目的在于提供一种宠物用头孢羟氨苄片及其制备方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用了如下的技术方案:
所述头孢羟氨苄片,包括以下组分:头孢羟氨苄125~500重量份,微晶纤维素100~300重量份、蜂蜜50~200重量份、羧甲淀粉钠3~20重量份、硬脂酸镁1~10重量份、诱食剂3~30重量份;
优选的,所述蜂蜜为炼蜜,炼蜜方法为将蜂蜜加入锅内,沸水浴加热后,保持20~40min,滤网除去表面泡沫及蜂蜡,双层纱布过滤除去杂质;转至洁净锅内,沸水浴加热,并保持10~60min,即可;
优选的,所述诱食剂为牛磺酸与呈味核苷酸二钠,且二者配比为20:1~5:1;
本发明还提供了一种上述方案所述的头孢羟氨苄片的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将头孢羟氨苄、微晶纤维素加入混合机,20r/min,搅拌30min,得到头孢羟氨苄混粉;
(2)将蜂蜜加入乙醇,搅拌均匀制成蜂蜜浆;
(3)将所述蜂蜜浆边搅拌边加入头孢羟氨苄混粉后搅拌,得到软材;
(4)将所述软材过筛、干燥、整粒,得到干颗粒;
(5)将干颗粒、羧甲淀粉钠、硬脂酸镁、诱食剂混合均匀得半成品;
(6)将半成品压片,得头孢羟氨苄片。
优选的,步骤(2)中的乙醇为80%乙醇。
优选的,步骤(2)中蜂蜜与80%乙醇的质量比为1:1~1:3。
优选的,步骤(3)中搅拌速度为5r/min~20r/min,搅拌时间为20min~40min。
优选的,步骤(4)中颗粒粒径为20~24目,干燥温度为40~60℃。
本发明所述的头孢羟氨苄片及其制备方法,可以根据使用习惯和便捷性,按照本领域技术人员熟知的方法,制成颗粒剂等其他的口服剂型。
蜂蜜作为黏合剂,它既具有淀粉浆、糖浆、胶浆类的黏合优点,又能起到润湿、吸收、崩解、润滑等作用,同时还具有特定的风味,对于动物具有诱惑性,甚至欺骗其对于某些气味的判断。因此将其应用于动物用片剂制备具有显著的优点。
蜂蜜中含有丰富的果糖、葡萄糖和糊精,以及少量的氨基酸、蛋白质、芳香物质、酶等成分,其特有的芳香气味对部分药物具有遮味效果,如中药口服液常选择蜂蜜作为调味辅料之一。牛磺酸是一种非蛋白氨基酸,包括人在内的很多的动物都可以在体内用蛋氨酸、半胱氨酸等含硫氨基酸来合成牛磺酸,但猫科动物不能合成牛磺酸,只能从食物中摄取,所以从进化上猫科动物对富含牛磺酸的物质具有明显的偏好。
在发明人早期的研究中发现,单一的蜂蜜仅对部分犬猫具有吸引力,而单一的牛磺酸仅对猫有较弱吸引力,呈味核苷酸二钠则未见到显著的吸引力。本发明发现将蜂蜜和牛磺酸、呈味核苷酸二钠的组合应用到头孢羟氨苄片中,宠物犬猫表现出了显著的偏向性和爱好。
与常规产品相比,本发明所述的头孢羟氨苄片具备如下优点和有益效果:(1)适口性好,用药方便,犬猫可主动服用,无需强饲,提高动物福利,多次给药,犬猫无抗拒;(2)无动物成分(肉粉、肝粉等)添加,利于保存,稳定性好;(3)本发明制备工艺简单,常规设备即可完成。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明,但不应理解为对本发明的限制。在不背离本发明精神和实质的情况下,对本发明方法、步骤或条件所作的修改或替换,均属于本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法及未说明配方的试剂均为按照本领域常规条件。
以下实施例所采用的呈味核苷酸二钠购自广东肇庆星湖生物科技股份有限公司,其中的鸟苷酸二钠与肌苷酸二钠比例为1:1,
实施例1
头孢羟氨苄132重量份(相当于头孢羟氨苄无水物125重量份),微晶纤维素270重量份,蜂蜜50重量份,羧甲淀粉钠5重量份,硬脂酸镁1.5重量份,牛磺酸3重量份,呈味核苷酸二钠0.3重量份,80%乙醇适量。
制备工艺如下步骤:
(1)将头孢羟氨苄、微晶纤维素加入混合机,20r/min,搅拌30min,得到头孢羟氨苄混粉;
(2)将蜂蜜加入80%乙醇,搅拌均匀制成蜂蜜浆;
(3)将所述蜂蜜浆边搅拌边加入头孢羟氨苄混粉后搅拌,10r/min,30min,得到软材;
(4)将所述软材过筛(24目)、50℃干燥、整粒,得到干颗粒;
(5)将干颗粒、羧甲淀粉钠、硬脂酸镁、诱食剂混合均匀得半成品;
(6)将半成品压片,得头孢羟氨苄片(含头孢羟氨苄0.125g/片)。
实施例2
头孢羟氨苄264重量份(相当于头孢羟氨苄无水物250重量份),微晶纤维素140重量份,蜂蜜70重量份,羧甲淀粉钠7重量份,硬脂酸镁2重量份,牛磺酸5重量份,呈味核苷酸二钠0.5重量份,80%乙醇适量。
制备工艺如下步骤:
(1)将头孢羟氨苄、微晶纤维素加入混合机,20r/min,搅拌30min,得到头孢羟氨苄混粉;
(2)将蜂蜜加入80%乙醇,搅拌均匀制成蜂蜜浆;
(3)将所述蜂蜜浆边搅拌边加入头孢羟氨苄混粉后搅拌,5r/min,40min,得到软材;
(4)将所述软材过筛(20目)、60℃干燥、整粒,得到干颗粒;
(5)将干颗粒、羧甲淀粉钠、硬脂酸镁、诱食剂混合均匀得半成品;
(6)将半成品压片,得头孢羟氨苄片(含头孢羟氨苄0.25g/片)。
实施例3
头孢羟氨苄528重量份(相当于头孢羟氨苄无水物500重量份),微晶纤维素130重量份,蜂蜜120重量份,羧甲淀粉钠10重量份,硬脂酸镁2.5重量份,牛磺酸10重量份,呈味核苷酸二钠0.5重量份,80%乙醇适量。
制备工艺如下步骤:
(1)将头孢羟氨苄、微晶纤维素加入混合机,20r/min,搅拌30min,得到头孢羟氨苄混粉;
(2)将蜂蜜加入80%乙醇,搅拌均匀制成蜂蜜浆;
(3)将所述蜂蜜浆边搅拌边加入头孢羟氨苄混粉后搅拌,10r/min,30min,得到软材;
(4)将所述软材过筛(20目)、50℃干燥、整粒,得到干颗粒;
(5)将干颗粒、羧甲淀粉钠、硬脂酸镁、诱食剂混合均匀得半成品;
(6)将半成品压片,得头孢羟氨苄片(含头孢羟氨苄0.5g/片)。
实施例4
头孢羟氨苄264重量份(相当于头孢羟氨苄无水物250重量份),微晶纤维素200重量份,蜂蜜75重量份,羧甲淀粉钠8重量份,硬脂酸镁2重量份,牛磺酸10重量份,呈味核苷酸二钠0.5重量份,80%乙醇适量。
制备工艺如下步骤:
(1)将头孢羟氨苄、微晶纤维素加入混合机,20r/min,搅拌30min,得到头孢羟氨苄混粉;
(2)将蜂蜜加入80%乙醇,搅拌均匀制成蜂蜜浆;
(3)将所述蜂蜜浆边搅拌边加入头孢羟氨苄混粉后搅拌,20r/min,20min,得到软材;
(4)将所述软材过筛(24目)、40℃干燥、整粒,得到干颗粒;
(5)将干颗粒、羧甲淀粉钠、硬脂酸镁、诱食剂混合均匀得半成品;
(6)将半成品压片,得头孢羟氨苄片(含头孢羟氨苄0.25g/片)。
试验例1 片剂一般指标考察
(一) 试验材料
本实施例1~4的头孢羟氨苄片;
对比例:市售动物用头孢羟氨苄片(0.125g/片)。
(二) 试验方法及指标
试验考察指标包括:性状、脆碎度、光洁度、气味。
脆碎度的测定方法按照《中国兽药典》(2020年版一部)通则0923(片剂脆碎度检查法),减失重量不得过1%。
(三) 试验结果
实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 对比例 | |
性状 | 类白色片 | 类白色片 | 类白色片 | 类白色片 | 类白色片 |
脆碎度 | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% |
光洁度 | 均匀,良好 | 均匀,良好 | 均匀,良好 | 均匀,良好 | 均匀,良好 |
气味 | 蜂蜜香,无主药臭味 | 蜂蜜香,无主药臭味 | 蜂蜜香,无主药臭味 | 蜂蜜香,无主药臭味 | 主药臭味 |
从检测结果可以看出,本发明制备的头孢羟氨苄片外观良好、脆碎度符合要求,从气味上以人的主观嗅觉辨识,气味良好无主药臭味。
试验例2 溶出度的测定
(一) 试验材料
本实施例1~4的头孢羟氨苄片;
对比例:市售动物用头孢羟氨苄片(0.125g/片)。
(二) 试验方法
按照《中国兽药典》(2020年版一部)通则0931(溶出度与释放度测定法)第二法,以水 900ml为溶出介质,转速为每分钟50转,依法操作,经30分钟时,取溶液适量,滤过,精密量取续滤液适量,加水定量稀释制成每1ml中约含头孢羟氨苄(按C16H17N3O5S计)25ug 的溶液,照紫外-可见分光光度法(通则0401),在263nm的波长处测定吸光度;另取头孢羟氨苄对照品适量,加水溶解并定量稀释制成每 1ml 中约含25ug的溶液,同法测定,计算每片的溶出量。
(三)试验结果
批次 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 对比例 |
1 | 94% | 88% | 79% | 86% | 78% |
2 | 92% | 87% | 86% | 89% | 81% |
3 | 89% | 89% | 83% | 88% | 85% |
4 | 85% | 90% | 82% | 92% | 79% |
5 | 93% | 84% | 80% | 85% | 76% |
6 | 96% | 86% | 77% | 86% | 83% |
7 | 93% | 89% | 84% | 84% | 85% |
8 | 90% | 87% | 83% | 86% | 87% |
9 | 89% | 84% | 83% | 89% | 84% |
10 | 92% | 86% | 86% | 82% | 84% |
检测结果表明,本发明实施例1~4提供的三种规格(0.125g/片、0.25g/片、0.5g/片)的溶出度为77%~96%,略高于市售产品,均符合兽药质量标准的要求(溶出度>75%)。
试验例3 适口性试验
(一)试验材料
本实施例1~4的头孢羟氨苄片;
对比例:市售动物用头孢羟氨苄片(0.125g/片)。
(二)试验方法
动物选择:经临床诊断符合头孢羟氨苄片使用适应症的犬和猫。
给药频次:每天1次,连续观察三天。
试验方法:双盘试验法,分别将实施例头孢羟氨苄片和对比例头孢羟氨苄片放置于相同的两个圆盘中,并排放置,供病例自主选择,观察其是否食用。
(三) 试验结果
备注:选择结果用“√”表示。
适口性试验结果表明,随机检测情况下,犬猫能够主动的选择实施例药片,多次给药也不会产品抗拒,但是拒绝对比例药片。
通过以上试验例结果说明本发明的头孢羟氨苄片能显著的改善宠物犬猫的适口性,帮助自主采食,减少医生或主人强饲给药的工作,显著的减轻了工作量,同时极大的提升了动物福利。
Claims (9)
1.一种宠物用头孢羟氨苄片及其制备方法,其特征在于:所述的宠物用头孢羟氨苄片包括以下原料组成:头孢羟氨苄、微晶纤维素、蜂蜜、羧甲淀粉钠、硬脂酸镁、诱食剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述宠物用头孢羟氨苄片,包括以下原料组分:头孢羟氨苄125~500重量份,微晶纤维素100~300重量份、蜂蜜50~200重量份、羧甲淀粉钠3~20重量份、硬脂酸镁1~10重量份、诱食剂3~30重量份。
3.根据权利要求1或2,所述的宠物用头孢羟氨苄片,其特征在于:所述蜂蜜为炼蜜,炼蜜方法为将蜂蜜加入锅内,沸水浴加热后,保持20~40min,滤网除去表面泡沫及蜂蜡,双层纱布过滤除去杂质;转至洁净锅内,沸水浴加热,并保持10~60min。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的头孢羟氨苄片,其特征在于:所述诱食剂为牛磺酸与呈味核苷酸二钠的组合物,且二者配比为20:1~5:1。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的宠物用头孢羟氨苄片的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将头孢羟氨苄、微晶纤维素加入混合机,20r/min,搅拌30min,得到头孢羟氨苄混粉;
(2)将蜂蜜加入乙醇,搅拌均匀制成蜂蜜浆;
(3)将所述蜂蜜浆边搅拌边加入头孢羟氨苄混粉后搅拌,得到软材;
(4)将所述软材过筛、干燥、整粒,得到干颗粒;
(5)将干颗粒、羧甲淀粉钠、硬脂酸镁、诱食剂混合均匀得半成品;
(6)将半成品压片,得头孢羟氨苄片。
6.根据权利要求5的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中的乙醇为80%乙醇。
7.根据权利要求5的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中蜂蜜与80%乙醇的质量比为1:1~1:3。
8.根据权利要求5的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中搅拌速度为5r/min~20r/min,搅拌时间为20min~40min。
9.根据权利要求5的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中颗粒粒径为20~24目,干燥温度为40~60℃。
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