CN115606710A - Feed additive for crayfish and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Feed additive for crayfish and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115606710A CN115606710A CN202211099519.0A CN202211099519A CN115606710A CN 115606710 A CN115606710 A CN 115606710A CN 202211099519 A CN202211099519 A CN 202211099519A CN 115606710 A CN115606710 A CN 115606710A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- crayfish
- feed additive
- filtrate
- feed
- preparation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a feed additive for crayfishes and a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of aquaculture. The feed additive comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by weight: 10-30% of betel nut, 8-28% of astragalus root, 3-23% of dandelion, 4-24% of red yeast rice, 5-25% of moringa leaves and 1-20% of nutmeg. When the crayfish is fed by the feed added with the feed additive, the addition amount is only 0.5 percent, so that the survival rate and the weight gain rate of the crayfish can be improved, the disease resistance of the crayfish is improved, and the probability of infection of the crayfish by parasites and tail rot of the crayfish is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a feed additive for crayfishes as well as a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Crayfish, also known as Procambarus clarkii and red crayfish, has a delicious taste and rich nutrition and is gradually an important aquatic product on a dining table. The expansion of the consumer market further stimulates the development of the breeding industry, in recent years, the breeding scale of the crayfishes is rapidly increased, and the breeding area in the country exceeds 900 ten thousand mu. With the breakthrough of artificial breeding technology of crayfish, the improvement of breeding technology and the development of various shrimp-breeding production modes, the crayfish breeding industry is developed vigorously. However, with the increase of the cultivation intensity, the problems of exposure in the cultivation process are increasingly prominent, such as water environment pollution, disease outbreak, growth retardation and the like, and the development of the industry is seriously influenced. The crayfish breeding feed in the prior art cannot well give consideration to the effects of promoting crayfish growth and improving disease resistance, and cannot meet the actual requirements of aquaculture.
Therefore, it is very important to provide a feed additive capable of promoting the growth of crayfish and improving the disease resistance of crayfish.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides the feed additive for crayfish, which can promote the growth of crayfish and improve the disease resistance of crayfish.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the feed additive for crayfishes.
The invention also provides a crayfish feed containing the crayfish feed additive.
The invention also provides application of the crayfish feed additive in the crayfish breeding industry.
According to the feed additive for crayfish of the first aspect embodiment of the invention, the feed additive for crayfish contains the following preparation raw materials: areca, astragalus, dandelion, red yeast rice, moringa leaves and nutmeg.
The control method provided by the embodiment of the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
the feed additive provided by the embodiment has the advantages of easily available raw materials, low cost and simple use method, and only needs to directly mix the feed additive and the feed uniformly. The feed additive contains various active ingredients which can not only regulate physiological balance among intestinal flora of the crayfish, but also stimulate the development of immune organs of the crayfish, enhance the immunity, and have good regulation effect on the functions, metabolism and the like of the digestive system of the crayfish. The feed additive prepared by the invention can promote the growth of crayfish, improve the survival rate and the weight gain rate of crayfish, improve the disease resistance of crayfish, and reduce the probability of the crayfish being infected by parasite and having crayfish tail rot.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the feed additive for crayfish further comprises a carrier acceptable in feed.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the carrier comprises one or more of corn flour, wheat bran, rice hull flour, peanut hull flour.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the feed additive for crayfish comprises the following preparation raw materials in percentage by weight: 10-30% of betel nut, 8-28% of astragalus root, 3-23% of dandelion, 4-24% of red yeast rice, 5-25% of moringa leaves, 1-20% of nutmeg and 5-15% of carrier.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the crawfish feed additive comprises the following preparation raw materials in percentage by weight: 12-28% of areca, 10-25% of astragalus, 5-20% of dandelion, 6-21% of red yeast rice, 8-23% of moringa leaves, 3-18% of nutmeg and 8-12% of a carrier.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the feed additive for crayfish comprises the following preparation raw materials in percentage by weight: 15-25% of areca, 13-23% of astragalus, 8-18% of dandelion, 9-19% of red yeast rice, 10-20% of moringa leaves, 5-15% of nutmeg and 5-10% of a carrier.
Arecae semen, also known as Arecae semen, bingmen and fructus Canarii albi, contains alkaloid, tannin, fatty oil, fatty acid, mannose, galactose, sucrose and saponin, and has anthelmintic and anti-pathogenic microorganism effects.
Astragalus membranaceus, also known as Astragalus membranaceus, wangsun, swordqi, etc. mainly contains astragaloside IV, astragaloside, calycosin glucoside, calycosin, flavone, polysaccharide, etc. and has the functions of raising immunity, resisting oxidation, resisting virus, regulating immunity and resisting stress.
The dandelion, which is called dandelion, bunge corydalis herb, bunge dandelion herb, plantain herb and the like, mainly contains dandelion sterol, choline, inulin, pectin, dandelion sterol, taraxacin, dandelion alcohol, caffeic acid and other ingredients, and has the effects of resisting pathogenic microorganisms, strengthening the digestive system and diminishing inflammation.
Red yeast, named as red yeast, red rice, fuqu, etc. has the functions of strengthening immunity, resisting oxidation and resisting bacteria.
The moringa leaves are leaves of moringa trees which are deciduous trees, are rich in various minerals, vitamins, antioxidants and the like, and have the effects of enhancing immunity, expelling toxin, resisting oxidation and the like.
Nutmeg, also known as kowtow, nutmeg and yuguo, mainly contains myristicin, safrole, gallooleic acid and other components, and has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects.
According to the preparation method of the second aspect of the invention, the preparation method of the crawfish feed additive comprises the following steps: mixing areca, astragalus, dandelion, red yeast rice, moringa leaves and nutmeg, adding water, and sequentially carrying out ultrasonic heating and ultrafiltration to obtain filtrate, namely the crayfish feed additive.
The control method provided by the embodiment of the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
the preparation method of the embodiment can fully extract the effective active ingredients in the preparation raw materials, remove pyrogens, and has simple process and low requirement on technical personnel.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the feed additive for crayfish is further dried and pulverized.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the water is added in an amount of 6 to 14 times by weight of the preparation raw material.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the water is added in an amount of 8 to 12 times by weight of the preparation raw material.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the water is added in an amount of 9 to 11 times by weight of the preparation raw material.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the water is added in an amount of 10 times by weight of the preparation raw material.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the ultrasonic heating has an ultrasonic frequency of 10kHz to 50kHz. Is used for destroying Chinese medicinal plant cells and causing strong disordered collision between Chinese medicinal materials to accelerate the breakage of Chinese medicinal plant cells, improve the breakage degree, facilitate the extraction of effective active ingredients, and promote the mutual collision between effective active ingredients and the reaction between partial chemical ingredients.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the ultrasonic heating has an ultrasonic frequency of 20kHz to 40kHz.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the ultrasonic heating has an ultrasonic frequency of 25kHz to 35kHz.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic heating is 30kHz.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the time of the ultrasonic heating is 1h to 3h.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the time of the ultrasonic heating is 2h.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the temperature of the ultrasonic heating is 70 ℃ to 90 ℃. Therefore, the effective active ingredients in the preparation raw materials can be fully extracted, and meanwhile, the effective active ingredients in the preparation raw materials can be prevented from being damaged.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the temperature of the ultrasonic heating is 75 ℃ to 85 ℃.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the temperature of the ultrasonic heating is 78 ℃ to 82 ℃.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the temperature of the ultrasonic heating is 80 ℃.
The active ingredients in the traditional Chinese medicine can be extracted efficiently only by heating once without carrying out more pretreatment on the traditional Chinese medicine except for crushing the traditional Chinese medicine.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the ultrafiltration has a molecular weight cut-off of 30kD to 70kD. The method is used for removing most pyrogens in the filtrate, leaving most effective active ingredients in the filtrate, and further concentrating the effective active ingredients.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the ultrafiltration has a molecular weight cut-off of 40kD to 60kD.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the ultrafiltration has a molecular weight cut-off of 45kD to 55kD.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the ultrafiltration has a molecular weight cut-off of 50kD.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the extent of ultrafiltration is: ultrafiltering until the volume of filtrate is 1/4-1/2 of the volume before ultrafiltration.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the extent of ultrafiltration is: ultrafiltering until the volume of filtrate is 1/3 of that before ultrafiltration.
According to some embodiments of the invention, one volume of water may be added to the permeate and the ultrafiltration repeated once. Therefore, pyrogens in the filtrate can be removed more sufficiently, and effective active ingredients in the filtrate can be further retained.
The feed according to the third aspect embodiment of the present invention comprises the feed additive for crayfish as described in the first aspect embodiment. The feed adopts all the technical schemes of the feed additive for crayfish of the embodiment, so that the feed has at least all the beneficial effects brought by the technical schemes of the embodiment.
Use of a feed additive for crayfish according to an embodiment of the fourth aspect of the invention as described in the embodiment of the first aspect above in the crayfish farming industry.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more apparent to those skilled in the art, the following examples are given for illustration. It should be noted that the following examples are not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention.
The materials, methods and equipment used in the following examples are all conventional in the art. Test methods without specifying specific experimental conditions in the following examples are generally performed according to conventional experimental conditions or according to the experimental conditions recommended by the manufacturer.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a feed additive for lobsters, which comprises the following preparation raw materials in percentage by weight:
15% of betel nuts;
radix astragali 23%;
18% of dandelion;
9% of red yeast rice;
20% of moringa leaves;
5% of nutmeg;
10 percent of corn flour.
The preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing and mixing the preparation raw materials, adding 10 times of water by weight, carrying out ultrasonic heating for 2 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃ and the ultrasonic frequency of 30kHz, and then filtering to obtain filtrate.
(2) Ultrafiltering the filtrate with cut-off molecular weight of 50kD at 28 deg.C until the volume of filtrate is about 1/3 of the volume before ultrafiltration, and removing the retentate to obtain filtrate.
(3) And (3) adding one volume of water into the filtrate obtained in the step (2), and repeating the step (2).
(4) And (4) drying and crushing the filtrate obtained in the step (3), and uniformly mixing the filtrate with corn flour to obtain the feed additive.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a feed additive for lobsters, which comprises the following preparation raw materials in percentage by weight:
25% of betel nuts;
radix astragali 23%;
8% of dandelion;
9% of red yeast rice;
20% of moringa leaves;
5% of nutmeg;
10 percent of corn flour.
The preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing and mixing the preparation raw materials, adding 10 times of water by weight, carrying out ultrasonic heating for 2 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃ and the ultrasonic frequency of 30kHz, and then filtering to obtain filtrate.
(2) Ultrafiltering the filtrate with cut-off molecular weight of 50kD at 28 deg.C until the volume of filtrate is about 1/3 of the volume before ultrafiltration, and removing the retentate to obtain filtrate.
(3) And (3) adding one volume of water into the filtrate obtained in the step (2), and repeating the step (2).
(4) And (4) drying and crushing the filtrate obtained in the step (3), and uniformly mixing the filtrate with corn flour to obtain the feed additive.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a lobster feed additive which comprises the following preparation raw materials in percentage by weight:
15% of betel nuts;
13% of astragalus;
18% of dandelion;
9 percent of red yeast rice;
20% of moringa leaves;
15% of nutmeg;
10 percent of corn flour.
The preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing and mixing the preparation raw materials, adding 10 times of water by weight, carrying out ultrasonic heating for 2 hours at 80 ℃ and 30kHz, and then filtering to obtain filtrate.
(2) Ultrafiltering the filtrate with cut-off molecular weight of 50kD at 28 deg.C until the volume of filtrate is about 1/3 of the volume before ultrafiltration, and removing the retentate to obtain filtrate.
(3) And (3) adding one volume of water into the filtrate obtained in the step (2), and repeating the step (2).
(4) And (4) drying and crushing the filtrate obtained in the step (3), and uniformly mixing the filtrate with corn flour to obtain the feed additive.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a feed additive for lobsters, which comprises the following preparation raw materials in percentage by weight:
15% of betel nuts;
23% of astragalus;
18% of dandelion;
red yeast 19%;
10% of moringa leaves;
5% of nutmeg;
10 percent of corn flour.
The preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing and mixing the preparation raw materials, adding 10 times of water by weight, carrying out ultrasonic heating for 2 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃ and the ultrasonic frequency of 30kHz, and then filtering to obtain filtrate.
(2) Ultrafiltering the filtrate with cut-off molecular weight of 50kD at 28 deg.C until the volume of filtrate is about 1/3 of the volume before ultrafiltration, and removing the retentate to obtain filtrate.
(3) And (3) adding one volume of water into the filtrate obtained in the step (2), and repeating the step (2).
(4) And (4) drying and crushing the filtrate obtained in the step (3) to obtain the feed additive.
Comparative example 1 (preparation starting Material not containing Areca)
The embodiment provides a feed additive for lobsters, which comprises the following preparation raw materials in percentage by weight:
23% of astragalus;
18% of dandelion;
9 percent of red yeast rice;
20% of moringa leaves;
5% of nutmeg;
25 percent of corn flour.
The preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing and mixing the preparation raw materials, adding 10 times of water by weight, carrying out ultrasonic heating for 2 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃ and the ultrasonic frequency of 30kHz, and then filtering to obtain filtrate.
(2) Ultrafiltering the filtrate with cut-off molecular weight of 50kD at 28 deg.C until the volume of filtrate is about 1/3 of the volume before ultrafiltration, and removing the retentate to obtain filtrate.
(3) And (3) adding one volume of water into the filtrate obtained in the step (2), and repeating the step (2).
(4) And (4) drying and crushing the filtered solution obtained in the step (3), and uniformly mixing the dried and crushed filtered solution with corn flour to obtain the feed additive.
Comparative example 2 (preparation of raw materials without Astragalus)
The embodiment provides a feed additive for lobsters, which comprises the following preparation raw materials in percentage by weight:
15% of betel nuts;
18% of dandelion;
9 percent of red yeast rice;
20% of moringa leaves;
5% of nutmeg;
33 percent of corn flour.
The preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing and mixing the preparation raw materials, adding 10 times of water by weight, carrying out ultrasonic heating for 2 hours at 80 ℃ and 30kHz, and then filtering to obtain filtrate.
(2) Ultrafiltering the filtrate with cutoff molecular weight of 50kD at 28 deg.C until the volume of filtrate is about 1/3 of that before ultrafiltration, and discarding the retentate to obtain filtrate.
(3) And (3) adding one volume of water into the filtrate obtained in the step (2), and repeating the step (2).
(4) And (4) drying and crushing the filtrate obtained in the step (3), and uniformly mixing the filtrate with corn flour to obtain the feed additive.
Comparative example 3 (preparation starting Material not containing Dandelion)
The embodiment provides a feed additive for lobsters, which comprises the following preparation raw materials in percentage by weight:
15% of betel nuts;
radix astragali 23%;
9% of red yeast rice;
20% of moringa leaves;
5% of nutmeg.
Corn flour 28%
The preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing and mixing the preparation raw materials, adding 10 times of water by weight, carrying out ultrasonic heating for 2 hours at 80 ℃ and 30kHz, and then filtering to obtain filtrate.
(2) Ultrafiltering the filtrate with cut-off molecular weight of 50kD at 28 deg.C until the volume of filtrate is about 1/3 of the volume before ultrafiltration, and removing the retentate to obtain filtrate.
(3) And (3) adding one volume of water into the filtrate obtained in the step (2), and repeating the step (2).
(4) And (4) drying and crushing the filtrate obtained in the step (3), and uniformly mixing the filtrate with corn flour to obtain the feed additive.
Comparative example 4 (preparation materials not containing Red Rice)
The embodiment provides a feed additive for lobsters, which comprises the following preparation raw materials in percentage by weight:
15% of betel nuts;
radix astragali 23%;
18% of dandelion;
20% of moringa leaves;
5% of nutmeg;
19 percent of corn flour.
The preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing and mixing the preparation raw materials, adding 10 times of water by weight, carrying out ultrasonic heating for 2 hours at 80 ℃ and 30kHz, and then filtering to obtain filtrate.
(2) Ultrafiltering the filtrate with cut-off molecular weight of 50kD at 28 deg.C until the volume of filtrate is about 1/3 of the volume before ultrafiltration, and removing the retentate to obtain filtrate.
(3) And (3) adding one volume of water into the filtrate obtained in the step (2), and repeating the step (2).
(4) And (4) drying and crushing the filtrate obtained in the step (3), and uniformly mixing the filtrate with corn flour to obtain the feed additive.
Comparative example 5 (preparation of starting Material without Moringa leaf)
The embodiment provides a feed additive for lobsters, which comprises the following preparation raw materials in percentage by weight:
15% of betel nuts;
radix astragali 23%;
18% of dandelion;
9% of red yeast rice;
5% of nutmeg;
30 percent of corn flour.
The preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing and mixing the preparation raw materials, adding 10 times of water by weight, carrying out ultrasonic heating for 2 hours at 80 ℃ and 30kHz, and then filtering to obtain filtrate.
(2) Ultrafiltering the filtrate with cut-off molecular weight of 50kD at 28 deg.C until the volume of filtrate is about 1/3 of the volume before ultrafiltration, and removing the retentate to obtain filtrate.
(3) And (3) adding one volume of water into the filtrate obtained in the step (2), and repeating the step (2).
(4) And (4) drying and crushing the filtered solution obtained in the step (3), and uniformly mixing the dried and crushed filtered solution with corn flour to obtain the feed additive.
Comparative example 6 (preparation starting Material not containing nutmeg)
The embodiment provides a lobster feed additive which comprises the following preparation raw materials in percentage by weight:
15% of betel nuts;
radix astragali 23%;
18% of dandelion;
9% of red yeast rice;
20% of moringa leaves;
15 percent of corn flour.
The preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing and mixing the preparation raw materials, adding 10 times of water by weight, carrying out ultrasonic heating for 2 hours at 80 ℃ and 30kHz, and then filtering to obtain filtrate.
(2) Ultrafiltering the filtrate with cut-off molecular weight of 50kD at 28 deg.C until the volume of filtrate is about 1/3 of the volume before ultrafiltration, and removing the retentate to obtain filtrate.
(3) And (3) adding one volume of water into the filtrate obtained in the step (2), and repeating the step (2).
(4) And (4) drying and crushing the filtered solution obtained in the step (3), and uniformly mixing the dried and crushed filtered solution with corn flour to obtain the feed additive.
Comparative example 7 (preparation method without sonication)
The preparation method comprises the following preparation raw materials in percentage by weight:
15% of betel nuts;
radix astragali 23%;
18% of dandelion;
9 percent of red yeast rice;
20% of moringa leaves;
5% of nutmeg;
10 percent of corn flour.
The preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Pulverizing the above raw materials, mixing, adding 10 times of water, heating for 2 hr at 80 deg.C, and filtering to obtain filtrate.
(2) Ultrafiltering the filtrate with cut-off molecular weight of 50kD at 28 deg.C until the volume of filtrate is about 1/3 of the volume before ultrafiltration, and removing the retentate to obtain filtrate.
(3) And (3) adding one volume of water into the filtrate obtained in the step (2), and repeating the step (2).
(4) And (4) drying and crushing the filtered solution obtained in the step (3), and uniformly mixing the dried and crushed filtered solution with corn flour to obtain the feed additive.
Comparative example 8 (preparation method without Ultrafiltration)
The preparation method comprises the following preparation raw materials in percentage by weight:
15% of betel nuts;
radix astragali 23%;
18% of dandelion;
9% of red yeast rice;
20% of moringa leaves;
5% of nutmeg;
10 percent of corn flour.
The preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing and mixing the preparation raw materials, adding 10 times of water by weight, carrying out ultrasonic heating for 2 hours at the temperature of 100 ℃ and the ultrasonic frequency of 30kHz, and then filtering to obtain filtrate.
(2) Drying and crushing the filtrate, and uniformly mixing the filtrate with corn flour to obtain the feed additive.
Example of detection
13000 healthy crayfish seedlings (with the weight of 5 g/tail) with no damage on the appearance and uniform size are selected and randomly divided into 13 groups, and 1000 crayfish seedlings in each group are respectively marked as a control group and an experimental group 1-12.
Wherein, the control group is fed with the Tongwei crayfish compound feed, the experiment groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 are respectively fed with the Tongwei crayfish compound feed added with the crayfish feed additive of the embodiments 1, 2, 3 and 4, the experiment groups 5 to 12 are respectively fed with the Tongwei crayfish compound feed added with the crayfish feed additive of the comparative examples 1 to 8, and the adding amount of the crayfish feed additive is 0.5 percent. The feed amount fed by each group is 3% of the weight of the crayfish, and the feed amount is controlled in a range of 8: 30% of the feed amount on 00 feeding day, 18: 70% of the feed amount of 00 feeding day, and the other feeding conditions are consistent.
After 60 days of feeding, the survival rate and the weight gain rate are measured, the number of crayfishes with tail rot is counted, and 100 crayfishes in each group are randomly extracted to detect the parasitic infection. The method for calculating the survival rate and the weight gain rate comprises the following steps:
survival (%) = number of crayfish at end of test/number of crayfish at start of test × 100%;
the weight gain (%) = (average weight of crawfish at end of test-average weight of crawfish at start of test)/average weight of crawfish at start of test × 100%.
The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Compared with the crayfishes cultured by the experimental groups 5-12 and the control tissue, the crayfishes cultured by the experimental groups 1-4 are more bright red and beautiful in body color and are more fresh and tender in meat quality. As shown in Table 1, when crayfish is fed with the feed additive provided in examples 1 to 4 of the present invention, the survival rate of crayfish can be increased to 92.7% or more, the weight gain rate of crayfish can be increased to 436.2% or more, no parasite is detected, and the number of crayfish with tail rot is only 18 to 36, which is significantly better than that of the control group.
The lack of any component of the feed additive can obviously weaken the survival rate, the weight gain rate and the disease resistance of the crayfish.
Compared with the experimental group 1, the experimental group 11 is different from the experimental group 1 only in that ultrasonic treatment is not performed during the preparation of the feed additive and effective active ingredients in the preparation raw materials are not sufficiently extracted during the heating treatment, so that the survival rate and the weight gain rate are reduced, about 2% of crayfish is infected with parasites, and the number of crayfish with rotten tail is increased.
The experimental group 12 is different from the experimental group 1 only in that ultrafiltration is not performed, the active ingredients are not concentrated, and pyrogens are not removed from the feed additive when the feed additive is prepared, so that the survival rate and the weight gain rate are reduced, about 1% of crayfish is infected with parasites, and the number of crayfish with rotten tail is increased.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. The feed additive for crayfish is characterized by comprising the following preparation raw materials: areca, astragalus, dandelion, red yeast rice, moringa leaves and nutmeg.
2. The feed additive for crayfish as claimed in claim 1, wherein the feed additive for crayfish comprises the following raw materials: 10-30% of betel nut, 8-28% of astragalus root, 3-23% of dandelion, 4-24% of red yeast rice, 5-25% of moringa leaves and 1-20% of nutmeg.
3. The method for preparing a feed additive for crayfish as set forth in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the preparation method comprises: mixing areca, astragalus, dandelion, red yeast rice, moringa oleifera leaves and nutmeg, adding water, and sequentially performing ultrasonic heating and ultrafiltration to obtain filtrate, namely the feed additive for crayfish.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the water is added in an amount of 6 to 14 times by weight of the starting material.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the ultrasonic heating is carried out at an ultrasonic frequency of 10kHz to 50kHz.
6. The method of claim 3, wherein the ultrasonic heating is performed at a heating temperature of 70 ℃ to 90 ℃.
7. The method of claim 3, wherein the ultrafiltration has a molecular weight cut-off of 30kD to 70kD.
8. A feed for crayfish, characterized in that the feed contains the feed additive for crayfish according to claim 1 or 2.
9. The feed for crayfish according to claim 8, wherein the feed additive for crayfish is added in an amount of 2g to 8g per 1kg of the feed for crayfish.
10. Use of the feed additive for crayfish according to claim 1 or 2 in the crayfish breeding industry.
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