CN113812547B - Feed for promoting growth of bee colony and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Feed for promoting growth of bee colony and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113812547B CN113812547B CN202111106458.1A CN202111106458A CN113812547B CN 113812547 B CN113812547 B CN 113812547B CN 202111106458 A CN202111106458 A CN 202111106458A CN 113812547 B CN113812547 B CN 113812547B
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/90—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for insects, e.g. bees or silkworms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/168—Steroids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention discloses a feed for promoting growth of bee colony and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of bee culture. The feed raw materials comprise hydrolyzed protein powder, emulsion, wild rose pollen, sugar powder, yeast tablets and nutrient reinforcing agents. The invention takes hydrolyzed soybean protein as a main raw material, prepares a small amount of nutrient substances such as wild rose pollen, high-quality animal protein goat milk, sugar powder and the like, uses the soybean protein fully hydrolyzed by keratinase and alkaline proteinase, effectively reduces the level of anti-nutritional factors, wraps the common andrographis herb by using fat-soluble substances, can mask the bad smell of the common andrographis herb, effectively improves the stability of the common andrographis herb medicine, and reduces the disease probability of bee colonies. The raw materials cooperate with each other to act synergistically, so that the feed has good promotion effect on palatability of the bee colony and propagation of the bee colony. The raw materials required by the invention are available in the market, the feeding method is simple and easy to implement, the method is easy to popularize and apply, the method is applied to a large-scale bee raising farm, the high-quality culture of bees can be realized, and the economic benefit is remarkable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of bee culture, and particularly relates to a feed for promoting growth of bee colony and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Along with the acceleration of the urban process and the change of ecological environment in recent years, the sources of pollen and nectar which are natural foods of bees face serious threat, and the health of the bees is greatly influenced. The ecological environment changes can cause various problems such as single plant pollen variety, reduced quantity, reduced quality and the like, and the honey reserves in the honeycombs are often insufficient, so that the honeycombs often face the situations of 'unsatisfied eating and bad eating'. Meanwhile, the nutritional composition in the bee food directly influences the growth and development, the service life, the production capacity and the disease resistance of the bee colony. Therefore, when the external honey powder source is deficient, proper artificial feed is needed to be supplemented to the bee colony in time so as to maintain the normal breeding of the bee colony. Based on the actual situation, the development of the bee artificial feed with high quality, low cost and strong palatability is particularly important. The development of artificial bee feed is to scientifically prepare and evaluate the feed and select proper feeding time on the premise of deeply understanding the biological characteristics of bees and the nutritional composition and functions of bee foods so as to achieve the purpose of healthy breeding of bee colonies.
The bee artificial feed mainly comprises sugar feed and pollen substitute feed. Sugar feeds are generally used to replace honey in beehives and provide necessary carbohydrates for normal growth and reproduction of the bees, and the main sugar feeds comprise white granulated sugar, syrup and the like. The pollen substitute feed is a feed which can replace or partially replace pollen, has higher protein content and contains rich trace elements and vitamins.
The bee feed materials commonly used in the market include bee pollen, soybean powder or soybean meal powder, sucrose syrup, fructose-glucose syrup and the like. However, bee pollen has higher price and hidden danger of pathogenic bacteria; sucrose syrup is not only expensive, but also difficult to directly use because of the fact that the sucrose syrup is a disaccharide, and is easy to suffer from larva diseases due to improper feeding; the soybean flour has anti-nutritional factors, which influence the digestion and absorption of bees; while the fructose-glucose syrup has low price, but the actual feeding effect is poor, and the death rate of bees is high. The artificial feed has the problems of unbalanced nutrition, poor taste, poor functionality and the like, and the problems restrict the development of the apiculture to the high quality and high yield direction.
In general, bee feed development is mainly directed to pollen replacement feeds. Then, how to overcome the inherent defects of the existing protein and sugar bee-keeping raw materials, solve the root cause problem, develop the artificial feed which has balanced nutrition and good palatability and can improve the immune function of bees, promote the rapid and healthy growth and reproduction of bees, and is of great importance to the development of the bee industry.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem that the natural bee grain is insufficient and the artificial bee grain has poor palatability in the spring propagation and autumn propagation processes of the current bees, the invention provides a high-efficiency artificial bee grain formula, which effectively improves the feeding rate of the bees and the growth rate of the colony vigor and increases the economic benefit.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the feed for promoting the growth of the bee colony comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-200 parts of hydrolyzed protein powder, 30-60 parts of emulsion, 20-30 parts of wild rose pollen, 30-70 parts of sugar powder, 1-6 parts of yeast tablet and 1-3 parts of nutrient enhancer.
Further, the preparation method of the hydrolyzed protein powder comprises the following steps: adding complex enzyme and deionized water into soybean powder, regulating pH to 9-10, performing enzymolysis in water bath at constant temperature of 50deg.C for 30-50min, inactivating enzyme in boiling water for 15min, centrifuging, collecting supernatant, concentrating, and lyophilizing to obtain hydrolyzed protein powder.
Furthermore, the complex enzyme is prepared by mixing keratinase and alkaline protease according to a mass ratio of 1:1, the adding amount of the complex enzyme is 3000U/g, and the using amount of deionized water is 1g/50ml according to a solid-liquid ratio.
Further, the emulsion is goat milk.
Further, the preparation method of the nutrient enhancer comprises the following steps: weighing soybean lecithin and cholesterol according to a mass ratio of 1:1, adding an ethanol solution for dissolution, rotating at 120r/min, removing ethanol by rotary evaporation at 50 ℃, adding an andrographis paniculata extract solution accounting for 20wt% of the mass of the mixture, adding glass beads, rotating at 37 ℃ at 120r/min, homogenizing for 1min by a solution shearing machine until the solution is turbid, and homogenizing for 10 cycles under 75MPa by a high-pressure homogenizer to obtain the nutrient enhancer.
The preparation method of the andrographis paniculata extract comprises the following steps: drying and crushing herba Andrographitis, sieving with 60 mesh sieve to obtain herba Andrographitis powder, adding water into herba Andrographitis powder, and stirring uniformly, wherein the weight ratio of herba Andrographitis powder to water is 1:7, soaking in water for 12 hours, adding cellulase for enzymolysis for 1 hour, inactivating at 100 ℃ for 10min, centrifuging for 20min under 4000r/min to separate, and discarding the precipitate to obtain herba Andrographitis extractive solution
A preparation method of feed for promoting growth of bee colony comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing hydrolyzed protein powder: adding complex enzyme and deionized water into soybean powder, regulating pH to 9-10, performing enzymolysis in water bath at 50deg.C for 30-50min, inactivating enzyme in boiling water for 15min, centrifuging, collecting supernatant, concentrating, and lyophilizing to obtain hydrolyzed protein powder;
(2) Respectively sterilizing and disinfecting the wild rose pollen and the emulsion;
(3) Respectively mashing sugar powder and yeast tablet for use;
(4) Preparing a nutrient reinforcing agent: weighing soybean lecithin and cholesterol according to a mass ratio of 1:1, adding an ethanol solution for dissolution, rotating at 120r/min and carrying out rotary evaporation at 50 ℃ to remove ethanol, then adding an andrographis paniculata extract solution accounting for 20wt% of the mass of the mixture, adding glass beads, rotating at 120r/min and 37 ℃ until the solution is turbid, homogenizing the solution for 1min by a solution shearing machine, and homogenizing the solution for 10 cycles under 75MPa by a high-pressure homogenizer to obtain the nutrient enhancer;
(5) Pouring sterilized wild rose pollen into a container, adding smashed sugar and yeast powder, pouring sterilized emulsion, adding hydrolyzed protein powder and nutrient enhancer, and stirring uniformly.
After the raw materials are uniformly mixed, the raw materials are kneaded into paste by hands, and a proper amount of goat milk can be supplemented in the preparation process so as to ensure the raw materials to be molded. After being uniformly clustered, the bees are placed on an upper frame beam of a frame in the bee colony for feeding until spring reproduction and autumn reproduction are finished.
The raw materials of the invention are all commercially available.
Wild rose pollen (Teucrium quadrifarium buch-ham.) common name: huang Xiangke or fructus forsythiae. The pollen has high quality and is rich in Yunnan province. The bee pollen is collected from Huang Xiangke plant in mountain area and half mountain area in 6-8 months, and the pollen mass just removed is golden yellow and is like golden rose when sun-dried. So called wild rose. Fructus forsythiae is planted in village, barren land, shrub, and distributed in Yunnan, guangxi and other places. The fruit and bark can be used as medicine, and has effects of clearing heat and detoxicating, dispelling pathogenic wind and removing dampness, cooling blood and stopping bleeding, killing parasite, relieving itching, treating acute and chronic hepatitis, common cold, dysentery, stomatitis, ascariasis, dermatitis, relieving cough, resisting malaria, treating plasmodium vivax, plasmodium falciparum, common cold, high fever, excessive phlegm and cough.
Goat milk has higher nutritive value than milk and is known as 'king in milk'. The goat milk casein has low content, small micelle particles and strong beta-casein solubility; the whey protein content is high; and contains more mineral elements such as Ca, P, mg, cu. The content of essential amino acids in goat milk is much higher than that in cow milk. The diameter of the goat milk fat globules is about 3.5 μm, which is 1/2 of that of the milk. The caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, triglyceride and the like in the goat milk are higher than those in the milk, and the short chain fatty acid content is 5 times that of the milk, so that the goat milk is easier to decompose and absorb. Goat milk is the most suitable source of animal protein for bees.
The soybean has high crude protein content and balanced essential amino acid content, and is an important vegetable protein feed source. However, the absorption and utilization of nutrients thereof are seriously affected by anti-nutritional factors contained in soybeans, such as trypsin inhibitor, glycinin, beta-conglycinin, and oligosaccharides.
Advantageous effects
The invention takes hydrolyzed soybean protein as a main raw material to prepare a small amount of nutrient substances such as wild rose pollen, high-quality animal protein goat milk, sugar powder and the like, and uses the soybean protein fully hydrolyzed by keratinase and alkaline proteinase, so that the level of anti-nutritional factors is effectively reduced, the digestibility of crude protein and free amino acid in the body is improved, and the nutrient substances can be fully absorbed and utilized by bees. The addition of the wild rose pollen greatly improves the palatability of the bee bread and increases the feeding probability. In order to enhance the immune function of bees and improve the absorptivity of nutrient substances, fat-soluble nano particles are prepared by using fat-soluble lecithin and cholesterol to wrap andrographis paniculata extract, and fat-soluble substances are used to wrap andrographis paniculata, so that on one hand, the bad smell of the andrographis paniculata can be effectively covered, on the other hand, the stability of the andrographis paniculata medicine can be effectively improved, the biocompatibility is good, the medicine effect can be continuously and effectively exerted in bees, and the disease probability of bees is reduced. Meanwhile, the existence of the nano particles can promote the uniform dispersion of hydrolyzed protein, and the nano particles and the hydrolyzed protein cooperate with each other to have good promotion effects on the palatability of the bee colony and the feeding and reproduction of the bee colony. The raw materials required by the invention are available in the market, the feeding method is simple and easy to implement, the method is easy to popularize and apply, the method is applied to a large-scale bee raising farm, the high-quality culture of bees can be realized, and the economic benefit is remarkable.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the present invention is further described below with reference to specific examples, but is not limited thereto.
Example 1
The feed for promoting the growth of the bee colony comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of hydrolyzed protein powder, 30 parts of emulsion, 20 parts of wild rose pollen, 30 parts of sugar powder, 1 part of yeast tablet and 1 part of nutrient enhancer.
The preparation method of the hydrolyzed protein powder comprises the following steps: adding complex enzyme and deionized water into soybean powder, and adjusting pH to 9-10
Performing enzymolysis in water bath at 50deg.C for 30min, inactivating enzyme in boiling water for 15min, centrifuging, collecting supernatant, concentrating, and lyophilizing to obtain hydrolyzed protein powder.
The complex enzyme is prepared by mixing keratinase and alkaline protease according to a mass ratio of 1:1, wherein the adding amount of the complex enzyme is 3000U/g, and the using amount of deionized water is 1g/50ml according to a solid-liquid ratio.
The emulsion is goat milk.
The preparation method of the nutrient enhancer comprises the following steps: weighing soybean lecithin and cholesterol according to a mass ratio of 1:1, adding an ethanol solution for dissolution, rotating at 120r/min, removing ethanol by rotary evaporation at 50 ℃, adding an andrographis paniculata extract solution accounting for 20wt% of the mass of the mixture, adding glass beads, rotating at 37 ℃ at 120r/min, homogenizing for 1min by a solution shearing machine until the solution is turbid, and homogenizing for 10 cycles under 75MPa by a high-pressure homogenizer to obtain the nutrient enhancer.
The preparation method of the andrographis paniculata extract comprises the following steps: drying and crushing herba Andrographitis, sieving with 60 mesh sieve to obtain herba Andrographitis powder, adding water into herba Andrographitis powder, and stirring uniformly, wherein the weight ratio of herba Andrographitis powder to water is 1:7, soaking in water for 12 hours, adding cellulase for enzymolysis for 1 hour, inactivating at 100 ℃ for 10min, centrifuging for 20min under 4000r/min to separate, and discarding the precipitate to obtain herba Andrographitis extractive solution
A preparation method of feed for promoting growth of bee colony comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing hydrolyzed protein powder: adding complex enzyme and deionized water into soybean powder, regulating pH to 9-10, performing enzymolysis in water bath at 50deg.C for 30min, inactivating enzyme in boiling water for 15min, centrifuging, collecting supernatant, concentrating, and lyophilizing to obtain hydrolyzed protein powder;
(2) Respectively sterilizing and disinfecting the wild rose pollen and the emulsion;
(3) Respectively mashing sugar powder and yeast tablet for use;
(4) Preparing a nutrient reinforcing agent: weighing soybean lecithin and cholesterol according to a mass ratio of 1:1, adding an ethanol solution for dissolution, rotating at 120r/min and carrying out rotary evaporation at 50 ℃ to remove ethanol, then adding an andrographis paniculata extract solution accounting for 20wt% of the mass of the mixture, adding glass beads, rotating at 120r/min and 37 ℃ until the solution is turbid, homogenizing the solution for 1min by a solution shearing machine, and homogenizing the solution for 10 cycles under 75MPa by a high-pressure homogenizer to obtain the nutrient enhancer;
(5) Pouring sterilized wild rose pollen into a container, adding smashed sugar and yeast powder, pouring sterilized emulsion, adding hydrolyzed protein powder and nutrient enhancer, and stirring uniformly.
Wherein the flos Rosae Davuricae pollen can be sterilized by ultraviolet irradiation or high temperature steaming, and the goat milk can be sterilized by high temperature boiling, and cooled.
After the raw materials are uniformly mixed, the raw materials are kneaded into paste by hands, and a proper amount of goat milk can be supplemented in the preparation process so as to ensure the raw materials to be molded. After being uniformly clustered, the bees are placed on an upper frame beam of a frame in the bee colony for feeding until spring reproduction and autumn reproduction are finished.
Example 2
The feed for promoting the growth of the bee colony comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 150 parts of hydrolyzed protein powder, 50 parts of emulsion, 25 parts of wild rose pollen, 50 parts of sugar powder, 4 parts of yeast tablet and 2 parts of nutrient enhancer.
The preparation method of the hydrolyzed protein powder comprises the following steps: adding complex enzyme and deionized water into soybean powder, and adjusting pH to 9-10
Carrying out enzymolysis in a water bath at a constant temperature of 50 ℃ for 40min, inactivating enzyme in boiling water for 15min, centrifuging, collecting supernatant, concentrating and freeze-drying to obtain hydrolyzed protein powder.
The complex enzyme is prepared by mixing keratinase and alkaline protease according to a mass ratio of 1:1, wherein the adding amount of the complex enzyme is 3000U/g, and the using amount of deionized water is 1g/50ml according to a solid-liquid ratio.
The emulsion is goat milk.
The preparation method of the nutrient enhancer comprises the following steps: weighing soybean lecithin and cholesterol according to a mass ratio of 1:1, adding an ethanol solution for dissolution, rotating at 120r/min, removing ethanol by rotary evaporation at 50 ℃, adding an andrographis paniculata extract solution accounting for 20wt% of the mass of the mixture, adding glass beads, rotating at 37 ℃ at 120r/min, homogenizing for 1min by a solution shearing machine until the solution is turbid, and homogenizing for 10 cycles under 75MPa by a high-pressure homogenizer to obtain the nutrient enhancer.
The preparation method of the andrographis paniculata extract comprises the following steps: drying and crushing herba Andrographitis, sieving with 60 mesh sieve to obtain herba Andrographitis powder, adding water into herba Andrographitis powder, and stirring uniformly, wherein the weight ratio of herba Andrographitis powder to water is 1:7, soaking in water for 12 hours, adding cellulase for enzymolysis for 1 hour, inactivating at 100 ℃ for 10min, centrifuging for 20min under 4000r/min to separate, and discarding the precipitate to obtain herba Andrographitis extractive solution
A preparation method of feed for promoting growth of bee colony comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing hydrolyzed protein powder: adding complex enzyme and deionized water into soybean powder, regulating pH to 9-10, performing enzymolysis in water bath at 50deg.C for 40min, inactivating enzyme in boiling water for 15min, centrifuging, collecting supernatant, concentrating, and lyophilizing to obtain hydrolyzed protein powder;
(2) Respectively sterilizing and disinfecting the wild rose pollen and the emulsion;
(3) Respectively mashing sugar powder and yeast tablet for use;
(4) Preparing a nutrient reinforcing agent: weighing soybean lecithin and cholesterol according to a mass ratio of 1:1, adding an ethanol solution for dissolution, rotating at 120r/min and carrying out rotary evaporation at 50 ℃ to remove ethanol, then adding an andrographis paniculata extract solution accounting for 20wt% of the mass of the mixture, adding glass beads, rotating at 120r/min and 37 ℃ until the solution is turbid, homogenizing the solution for 1min by a solution shearing machine, and homogenizing the solution for 10 cycles under 75MPa by a high-pressure homogenizer to obtain the nutrient enhancer;
(5) Pouring sterilized wild rose pollen into a container, adding smashed sugar and yeast powder, pouring sterilized emulsion, adding hydrolyzed protein powder and nutrient enhancer, and stirring uniformly.
After the raw materials are uniformly mixed, the raw materials are kneaded into paste by hands, and a proper amount of goat milk can be supplemented in the preparation process so as to ensure the raw materials to be molded. After being uniformly clustered, the bees are placed on an upper frame beam of a frame in the bee colony for feeding until spring reproduction and autumn reproduction are finished.
Example 3
The feed for promoting the growth of the bee colony comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200 parts of hydrolyzed protein powder, 60 parts of emulsion, 30 parts of wild rose pollen, 70 parts of sugar powder, 6 parts of yeast tablet and 3 parts of nutrient enhancer.
The preparation method of the hydrolyzed protein powder comprises the following steps: adding complex enzyme and deionized water into soybean powder, and adjusting pH to 9-10
Performing enzymolysis in water bath at 50deg.C for 50min, inactivating enzyme in boiling water for 15min, centrifuging, collecting supernatant, concentrating, and lyophilizing to obtain hydrolyzed protein powder.
The complex enzyme is prepared by mixing keratinase and alkaline protease according to a mass ratio of 1:1, wherein the adding amount of the complex enzyme is 3000U/g, and the using amount of deionized water is 1g/50ml according to a solid-liquid ratio.
The emulsion is goat milk.
The preparation method of the nutrient enhancer comprises the following steps: weighing soybean lecithin and cholesterol according to a mass ratio of 1:1, adding an ethanol solution for dissolution, rotating at 120r/min, removing ethanol by rotary evaporation at 50 ℃, adding an andrographis paniculata extract solution accounting for 20wt% of the mass of the mixture, adding glass beads, rotating at 37 ℃ at 120r/min, homogenizing for 1min by a solution shearing machine until the solution is turbid, and homogenizing for 10 cycles under 75MPa by a high-pressure homogenizer to obtain the nutrient enhancer.
The preparation method of the andrographis paniculata extract comprises the following steps: drying and crushing herba Andrographitis, sieving with 60 mesh sieve to obtain herba Andrographitis powder, adding water into herba Andrographitis powder, and stirring uniformly, wherein the weight ratio of herba Andrographitis powder to water is 1:7, soaking in water for 12 hours, adding cellulase for enzymolysis for 1 hour, inactivating at 100 ℃ for 10min, centrifuging for 20min under 4000r/min to separate, and discarding the precipitate to obtain herba Andrographitis extractive solution
A preparation method of feed for promoting growth of bee colony comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing hydrolyzed protein powder: adding complex enzyme and deionized water into soybean powder, regulating pH to 9-10, performing enzymolysis in water bath at 50deg.C for 50min, inactivating enzyme in boiling water for 15min, centrifuging, collecting supernatant, concentrating, and lyophilizing to obtain hydrolyzed protein powder;
(2) Respectively sterilizing and disinfecting the wild rose pollen and the emulsion;
(3) Respectively mashing sugar powder and yeast tablet for use;
(4) Preparing a nutrient reinforcing agent: weighing soybean lecithin and cholesterol according to a mass ratio of 1:1, adding an ethanol solution for dissolution, rotating at 120r/min and carrying out rotary evaporation at 50 ℃ to remove ethanol, then adding an andrographis paniculata extract solution accounting for 20wt% of the mass of the mixture, adding glass beads, rotating at 120r/min and 37 ℃ until the solution is turbid, homogenizing the solution for 1min by a solution shearing machine, and homogenizing the solution for 10 cycles under 75MPa by a high-pressure homogenizer to obtain the nutrient enhancer;
(5) Pouring sterilized wild rose pollen into a container, adding smashed sugar and yeast powder, pouring sterilized emulsion, adding hydrolyzed protein powder and nutrient enhancer, and stirring uniformly.
After the raw materials are uniformly mixed, the raw materials are kneaded into paste by hands, and a proper amount of goat milk can be supplemented in the preparation process so as to ensure the raw materials to be molded. After being uniformly clustered, the bees are placed on an upper frame beam of a frame in the bee colony for feeding until spring reproduction and autumn reproduction are finished.
Comparative example 1
The feed for promoting the growth of the bee colony comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200 parts of hydrolyzed protein powder, 60 parts of emulsion, 30 parts of wild rose pollen, 70 parts of sugar powder and 6 parts of yeast tablet.
The preparation method of the hydrolyzed protein powder comprises the following steps: adding complex enzyme and deionized water into soybean powder, and adjusting pH to 9-10
Performing enzymolysis in water bath at 50deg.C for 50min, inactivating enzyme in boiling water for 15min, centrifuging, collecting supernatant, concentrating, and lyophilizing to obtain hydrolyzed protein powder.
The complex enzyme is prepared by mixing keratinase and alkaline protease according to a mass ratio of 1:1, wherein the adding amount of the complex enzyme is 3000U/g, and the using amount of deionized water is 1g/50ml according to a solid-liquid ratio.
The emulsion is goat milk.
A preparation method of feed for promoting growth of bee colony comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing hydrolyzed protein powder: adding complex enzyme and deionized water into soybean powder, regulating pH to 9-10, performing enzymolysis in water bath at 50deg.C for 50min, inactivating enzyme in boiling water for 15min, centrifuging, collecting supernatant, concentrating, and lyophilizing to obtain hydrolyzed protein powder;
(2) Respectively sterilizing and disinfecting the wild rose pollen and the emulsion;
(3) Respectively mashing sugar powder and yeast tablet for use;
(4) Pouring sterilized wild rose pollen into a container, adding smashed sugar and yeast powder, pouring sterilized emulsion, adding hydrolyzed protein powder, and stirring uniformly.
After the raw materials are uniformly mixed, the raw materials are kneaded into paste by hands, and a proper amount of goat milk can be supplemented in the preparation process so as to ensure the raw materials to be molded. After being uniformly clustered, the bees are placed on an upper frame beam of a frame in the bee colony for feeding until spring reproduction and autumn reproduction are finished.
This comparative example was the same as in example 3 except that the nutrient enhancer was not contained.
Comparative example 2
The feed for promoting the growth of the bee colony comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200 parts of protein powder, 60 parts of emulsion, 30 parts of wild rose pollen, 70 parts of sugar powder, 6 parts of yeast tablet and 3 parts of nutrient enhancer.
The emulsion is goat milk.
The preparation method of the nutrient enhancer comprises the following steps: weighing soybean lecithin and cholesterol according to a mass ratio of 1:1, adding an ethanol solution for dissolution, rotating at 120r/min, removing ethanol by rotary evaporation at 50 ℃, adding an andrographis paniculata extract solution accounting for 20wt% of the mass of the mixture, adding glass beads, rotating at 37 ℃ at 120r/min, homogenizing for 1min by a solution shearing machine until the solution is turbid, and homogenizing for 10 cycles under 75MPa by a high-pressure homogenizer to obtain the nutrient enhancer.
The preparation method of the andrographis paniculata extract comprises the following steps: drying and crushing herba Andrographitis, sieving with 60 mesh sieve to obtain herba Andrographitis powder, adding water into herba Andrographitis powder, and stirring uniformly, wherein the weight ratio of herba Andrographitis powder to water is 1:7, soaking in water for 12 hours, adding cellulase for enzymolysis for 1 hour, inactivating at 100 ℃ for 10min, centrifuging for 20min under 4000r/min to separate, and discarding the precipitate to obtain herba Andrographitis extractive solution
A preparation method of feed for promoting growth of bee colony comprises the following steps:
(1) Respectively sterilizing and disinfecting the wild rose pollen and the emulsion;
(2) Respectively mashing sugar powder and yeast tablet for use;
(3) Preparing a nutrient reinforcing agent: weighing soybean lecithin and cholesterol according to a mass ratio of 1:1, adding an ethanol solution for dissolution, rotating at 120r/min and carrying out rotary evaporation at 50 ℃ to remove ethanol, then adding an andrographis paniculata extract solution accounting for 20wt% of the mass of the mixture, adding glass beads, rotating at 120r/min and 37 ℃ until the solution is turbid, homogenizing the solution for 1min by a solution shearing machine, and homogenizing the solution for 10 cycles under 75MPa by a high-pressure homogenizer to obtain the nutrient enhancer;
(4) Pouring sterilized wild rose pollen into a container, adding smashed sugar and yeast powder, pouring sterilized emulsion, adding protein powder and nutrient enhancer, and stirring uniformly.
After the raw materials are uniformly mixed, the raw materials are kneaded into paste by hands, and a proper amount of goat milk can be supplemented in the preparation process so as to ensure the raw materials to be molded. After being uniformly clustered, the bees are placed on an upper frame beam of a frame in the bee colony for feeding until spring reproduction and autumn reproduction are finished.
This comparative example was the same as in example 3 except that commercial soy protein powder was used directly, i.e., without hydrolysis.
Comparative example 3
The feed for promoting the growth of the bee colony comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200 parts of protein powder, 60 parts of emulsion, 30 parts of wild rose pollen, 70 parts of sugar powder and 6 parts of yeast tablet.
The emulsion is goat milk.
A preparation method of feed for promoting growth of bee colony comprises the following steps:
(1) Respectively sterilizing and disinfecting the wild rose pollen and the emulsion;
(2) Respectively mashing sugar powder and yeast tablet for use;
(3) Pouring sterilized wild rose pollen into a container, adding smashed sugar and yeast powder, pouring sterilized emulsion, adding protein powder, and stirring uniformly.
After the raw materials are uniformly mixed, the raw materials are kneaded into paste by hands, and a proper amount of goat milk can be supplemented in the preparation process so as to ensure the raw materials to be molded. After being uniformly clustered, the bees are placed on an upper frame beam of a frame in the bee colony for feeding until spring reproduction and autumn reproduction are finished.
This comparative example was conducted with neither protein hydrolysis nor nutrient enrichment, and the remainder was the same as example 3.
Cultivation test
Test materials
The bee colony in 2019 and 2020 of the western bees is tested by the bee test demonstration beehive of the academy of agricultural sciences of Yunnan province.
Test group: feed obtained in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3
Test time: the test time 1 is from 8 months to 20 days of 2019 to 20 days of 10 months; the 2 nd (repeated) test time is 2020, 8 months, 15 days-10 months, 25 days, and the period is autumn breeding stage of local bee colony development, namely, the period of wild agastache rugosa flowers is utilized to cultivate and collect bees.
Test method
Selecting local Italian bee colony 30 groups with basically consistent queen bee breeding force, colony worker bee number and molecular weight, and randomly dividing the local Italian bee colony 30 groups into 6 groups, wherein each group is 5 groups.
Before the test starts, all the bee colonies are checked one by one, so that the vigor of each bee colony is basically consistent. During the test, pollen is collected by the field bees under the control of a pollen remover with smaller aperture, and the test group feed is fed on the frame beam, and the bee colony is checked once at intervals of 6d, so that the bee colony is in a food sufficient state for a long time, the test pre-test period is 14d, and the test period is 40d and 54d.
Measurement index and method
Measurement of bee colony feeding amount:
after the test is started, the diet is put on the frame beam in a cake shape for bees to feed. Recording the feed intake of each group of bees, calculating the feed intake of the powder of each group of bees, and replacing the feed every 3d, wherein a layer of preservative film is covered above the powder cake to avoid water loss.
Measurement of colony potential:
before the test starts, the colony potential of each group of bees is adjusted to ensure that the cover sealing amount, the larval spleen number and the adult number are basically consistent.
Wherein, the group potential increase rate (%) = (group potential after test-group potential before test)/group potential before test×100;
feeding rate (%) =feeding rate/feeding rate×100
Determination of the primary weight of the worker bees:
each colony of bees 10 freshly emerging from the house was placed in a centrifuge tube of known weight and weighed with an electronic balance (accurate to 0.0001 g) and the average value recorded as the initial weight of the bees.
Determination of the intestinal-related enzyme Activity in worker bees:
the activities of the intestinal protease and amylase of 7 and 14d worker bees were measured, and the absorbance values of each group were measured using a microplate reader, and the enzyme activities were calculated from the absorbance values of each group detected.
Measuring the protein content of different parts of the worker bee:
separating the heads and the breasts of 7 and 14d worker bees respectively, removing the legs and the wings of bees, and measuring the content of crude protein by adopting a Kjeldahl nitrogen method.
Statistical analysis
Single factor least squares analysis and multiple comparisons (LSD test) were performed using SPSS 11.5 statistical software.
The experimental results are shown in Table 1
Table 1 test results
As can be seen from the data in the table, the group potential growth rate of the embodiment of the invention can reach 49.5%, the feeding rate is 99.6%, and the natural bee bread can be basically replaced. The birth weight of the worker bees is an important index for measuring the individual performance of the worker bees, the development condition of the worker bees can be directly influenced by different feed nutritional ingredients, and the birth weight reflects the nutrition absorption and development condition of the bees in the larval stage to a certain extent. The nascent weight of the bees of the embodiment of the invention is higher than that of the comparison example, and the formula of the feed improves the quality of the feed to a certain extent and improves the quality of the fed bees. The protein content of the worker bees is indirectly reflected to the protein content ingested by the worker bees, and the protein content of the head and the chest of the worker bees in the group of the embodiment of the invention all presents higher values and continuously increases. Whereas comparative example 1 without a nutrition enhancer, comparative example 2 without proteolysis, and comparative example 3 without both techniques have much lower protein utilization than the examples. Therefore, the raw materials of the invention cooperate with each other to promote the absorption and utilization of the nutrient substances by the bee colony, and the effect is weak.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely some, but not all embodiments of the preferred mode of carrying out the invention. It is evident that all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive effort, based on the above-described embodiments of the invention, shall fall within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. The feed for promoting the growth of the bee colony is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-200 parts of hydrolyzed protein powder, 30-60 parts of emulsion, 20-30 parts of wild rose pollen, 30-70 parts of sugar powder, 1-6 parts of yeast tablet and 1-3 parts of nutrient enhancer;
the preparation method of the hydrolyzed protein powder comprises the following steps: adding complex enzyme and deionized water into soybean powder, regulating pH to 9-10, performing enzymolysis in water bath at constant temperature of 50deg.C for 30-50min, inactivating enzyme in boiling water for 15min, centrifuging, collecting supernatant, concentrating, and lyophilizing to obtain hydrolyzed protein powder;
the complex enzyme is prepared by mixing keratinase and alkaline protease according to a mass ratio of 1:1, wherein the adding amount of the complex enzyme is 3000U/g, and the using amount of deionized water is 1g/50ml according to a solid-liquid ratio;
the preparation method of the nutrient enhancer comprises the following steps: weighing soybean lecithin and cholesterol according to a mass ratio of 1:1, adding an ethanol solution for dissolution, rotating at 120r/min and carrying out rotary evaporation at 50 ℃ to remove ethanol, then adding an andrographis paniculata extract solution accounting for 20wt% of the mass of the mixture, adding glass beads, rotating at 120r/min and 37 ℃ until the solution is turbid, homogenizing the solution for 1min by a solution shearing machine, and homogenizing the solution for 10 cycles under 75MPa by a high-pressure homogenizer to obtain the nutrient enhancer;
the preparation method of the andrographis paniculata extract comprises the following steps: drying and crushing herba Andrographitis, sieving with 60 mesh sieve to obtain herba Andrographitis powder, adding water into herba Andrographitis powder, and stirring uniformly, wherein the weight ratio of herba Andrographitis powder to water is 1:7, soaking in water for 12 hours, adding cellulase for enzymolysis for 1 hour, inactivating at 100 ℃ for 10min, centrifuging for 20min under the condition of 4000r/min for separation, and discarding the precipitate to obtain the andrographis paniculata extract.
2. The feed for promoting the growth of bee colonies according to claim 1, wherein the emulsion is goat milk.
3. A method for preparing a feed for promoting the growth of bee colonies according to any one of claims 1 to 2, comprising the steps of:
(1) Preparing hydrolyzed protein powder: adding complex enzyme and deionized water into soybean powder, regulating pH to 9-10, performing enzymolysis in water bath at constant temperature of 50deg.C for 30-50min, inactivating enzyme in boiling water for 15min, centrifuging, collecting supernatant, concentrating, and lyophilizing to obtain hydrolyzed protein powder;
(2) Respectively sterilizing and disinfecting the wild rose pollen and the emulsion;
(3) Respectively mashing sugar powder and yeast tablet for use;
(4) Preparing a nutrient reinforcing agent: weighing soybean lecithin and cholesterol according to a mass ratio of 1:1, adding an ethanol solution for dissolution, rotating at 120r/min and 50 ℃ for rotary evaporation to remove ethanol, adding an andrographis paniculata extract solution accounting for 20wt% of the mass of the mixture, adding glass beads, rotating at 120r/min and 37 ℃ for rotation, homogenizing the solution for 1min by a solution shearing machine, and homogenizing for 10 cycles under 75MPa by a high-pressure homogenizer to obtain the nutrient enhancer;
(5) Pouring sterilized wild rose pollen into a container, adding crushed sugar powder and yeast powder, pouring sterilized emulsion, adding hydrolyzed protein powder and nutrient enhancer, and stirring uniformly.
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| CN102138941A (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2011-08-03 | 射阳县庆缘康蜂产品厂 | Precursor liposome of propolis flavone and preparation method thereof |
| CN104706694A (en) * | 2015-02-14 | 2015-06-17 | 浙江大学 | Pharmaceutical application of andrographis paniculata aqueous extract |
| CN106359305A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-02-01 | 覃政强 | Beekeeping method controlling bee crawling disease |
| CN107712483A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-02-23 | 安徽省甘泉养蜂专业合作社 | A kind of Chinese honeybee feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN107821335A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-03-23 | 南宁市浩发科技有限公司 | A kind of high-yield cultivation method of honeybee |
| CN108497222A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-09-07 | 东兰县百花园原生态养蜂场 | A kind of honeybee forage and preparation method thereof |
| CN110074285A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-08-02 | 安徽省农业科学院蚕桑研究所 | It is a kind of easily to absorb high nutrition honeybee forage and preparation method thereof |
-
2021
- 2021-09-22 CN CN202111106458.1A patent/CN113812547B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102138941A (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2011-08-03 | 射阳县庆缘康蜂产品厂 | Precursor liposome of propolis flavone and preparation method thereof |
| CN104706694A (en) * | 2015-02-14 | 2015-06-17 | 浙江大学 | Pharmaceutical application of andrographis paniculata aqueous extract |
| CN106359305A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-02-01 | 覃政强 | Beekeeping method controlling bee crawling disease |
| CN107821335A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-03-23 | 南宁市浩发科技有限公司 | A kind of high-yield cultivation method of honeybee |
| CN107712483A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-02-23 | 安徽省甘泉养蜂专业合作社 | A kind of Chinese honeybee feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN108497222A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-09-07 | 东兰县百花园原生态养蜂场 | A kind of honeybee forage and preparation method thereof |
| CN110074285A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-08-02 | 安徽省农业科学院蚕桑研究所 | It is a kind of easily to absorb high nutrition honeybee forage and preparation method thereof |
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