CN115606680A - Pomace biological fermentation feed and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Pomace biological fermentation feed and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115606680A CN115606680A CN202211329209.3A CN202211329209A CN115606680A CN 115606680 A CN115606680 A CN 115606680A CN 202211329209 A CN202211329209 A CN 202211329209A CN 115606680 A CN115606680 A CN 115606680A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
- A23K50/15—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants containing substances which are metabolically converted to proteins, e.g. ammonium salts or urea
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pomace biological fermentation feed and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises pretreating pericarpium Citri Grandis, pericarpium Citri Grandis pulp, fructus Citri Grandis pulp residue, dried radix Euphorbiae Fischerianae, and dried straw, performing enzymolysis on pericarpium Citri Grandis, fructus Citri Grandis pulp residue, and fructus Citri Grandis pulp residue, mixing dried radix Euphorbiae Fischerianae and dried straw with bamboo powder, protein supplement and enzymolysis material, and fermenting at room temperature under sealed condition. The invention takes the byproducts such as shaddock peel and the like as the fermentation raw materials of the fermented feed, thereby not only realizing the utilization of waste, but also avoiding environmental pollution; in addition, the prepared feed has good taste and higher nutritional value, can increase the food intake of cattle and sheep, can increase the weight of cattle and sheep during overwintering period, and effectively ensures the benefits of farmers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fermented feed, and particularly relates to a pomace biological fermented feed and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Pomelo is a plant of the genus Citrus of the family Rutaceae, and is one of three basic species of the genus Citrus. China is the biggest major producing country and consuming country of pomelos all over the world, and the annual output of pomelos in China reaches forty-five million tons in 2015-2019. For a long time, the fruit of pomelo is often used for preparing processed products such as fruit juice beverage, can, fruit wine and the like besides fresh food, but the fruit brings by-products such as pomelo peel, pomace and the like which account for about 40% of the mass of the pomelo fruit, most of the pomelo fruit is treated as waste, so that the environment is polluted, and the resource waste is also caused. Therefore, the comprehensive utilization of the shaddock peel and the shaddock slag is gradually concerned by people.
The utilization of the shaddock peel residues in the prior art mainly comprises the following steps: the epicarp is used for preparing essential oil and used as Chinese medicinal material, and the endocarp is used for extracting pectin. However, these methods cannot solve the problem of large amount of pomelo peel residue. The forage grass resource for feeding animals is often in short supply due to the influence of climate in south, the forage grass resource is often purchased from north, the feeding cost is increased, and the shaddock peel residue is rich in nutritional ingredients and functional ingredients such as soluble sugar, acid, pectin, crude fat, crude fiber, crude protein and the like, so that the forage value is very high. The current research on the shaddock peel mainly focuses on food or extracts, and there are few research reports on the use of shaddock peel residue as feed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the invention provides a pomace biological fermentation feed and a preparation method and application thereof, so as to achieve the purpose of processing grapefruit byproducts into feeds with high nutritional values.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that the pomace biological fermentation feed comprises the following fermentation raw materials in parts by mass:
15 to 25 parts of shaddock peel, 15 to 25 parts of shaddock pulp peel, 5 to 15 parts of shaddock pulp residue, 20 to 30 parts of dried pennisetum alopecuroides, 5 to 10 parts of dried straw, 1 to 5 parts of bamboo powder, 0.05 to 1 part of protein supplement, 0.01 to 0.05 part of complex enzyme and 0.01 to 0.05 part of complex microbial inoculum; the complex enzyme is a mixture of pectinase and cellulase; the composite microbial inoculum is a mixture of EM bacteria, candida utilis and geotrichum candidum.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be improved as follows.
Further, the pomace biological fermentation feed comprises the following fermentation raw materials in parts by mass:
20 parts of shaddock peel, 20 parts of shaddock pulp peel, 10 parts of shaddock pulp residue, 25 parts of dried pennisetum, 5 parts of dried straw, 2 parts of bamboo powder, 0.5 part of protein supplement, 0.02 part of complex enzyme and 0.02 part of complex microbial inoculum.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that the beneficial effects are as follows: the invention takes the shaddock peel, the shaddock pulp residue and the like as the raw materials of the fermented feed, realizes the purpose of recycling the shaddock by-products, not only reduces the environmental pollution, but also can relieve the problem of the feed shortage of cattle and sheep in south.
The shaddock peel, the shaddock pulp peel and the shaddock pulp residue are rich in volatile oil, citric acid, aromatic alcohol and other components, the active components enter the final feed along with fermentation, the taste of the fermented feed can be improved, the feed can be endowed with digestion and metabolism promoting functions, and meanwhile, the obtained feed can also adjust the pH of intestines and stomach of cattle and sheep so as to reduce the incidence rate of diarrhea. The dry pennisetum and the dry straw contain rich fiber substances, and the pennisetum and the straw are added into the feed, so that the chewiness of the feed can be increased, and the introduced fiber can promote the gastrointestinal peristalsis of cattle and sheep and is beneficial to the digestion of the cattle and sheep.
The dry pennisetum and the dry straw are taken as common overwintering forage grass, but the palatability is poor and the dry pennisetum and the dry straw are not favored by livestock such as cattle and sheep. According to the invention, grapefruit byproducts such as grapefruit peel and the like are mixed with pennisetum and straws for fermentation, and by means of rich volatile oil, citric acid, aromatic alcohol and other components of the grapefruit peel, the palatability of the dry pennisetum and the dry straws can be effectively improved, so that the dry pennisetum and the dry straws with poor mouthfeel can be more easily accepted by cattle and sheep and other livestock, the feed of cattle and sheep is promoted, the absorption of nutrition by intestinal tracts can be promoted, and the problem of weight reduction of cattle and sheep and other livestock in overwintering can be effectively avoided. In addition, the pomelo byproducts such as pomelo peel contain a large amount of pectin, a large amount of mucus is generated after enzymolysis, inoculation and fermentation of strains are not facilitated, the added dry pennisetum alopecuroides and dry straw have a large amount of pores, moisture can be absorbed, the moisture content of a fermentation system is reduced, inoculation and survival of strains are facilitated, fermentation can be smoothly carried out, and the nutrient content of the fermented feed is ensured; in addition, volatile oil, aromatic alcohol and other volatile substances in the shaddock peel can be fixed in pores of the dry pennisetum alopecuroides and the dry straw in the fermentation process, so that the loss of active ingredients is reduced, and the taste and the nutrient content of the fermented feed are ensured.
Further, the moisture content of the dried pennisetum and the dried straw is less than 10%.
The invention adopts the further technical scheme that the beneficial effects are as follows: the water content of the dried pennisetum and the dried straw is reduced to below 10 percent, a large number of pores can be reserved, and the water absorption and the effective component fixation are facilitated.
Further, the protein supplement is urea.
The invention adopts the further technical scheme that the beneficial effects are as follows: the urea is used as a protein supplement, and can be converted into protein under the action of the complex microbial inoculum, so that the protein content in the fermented feed is improved. Furthermore, urea improves the digestibility of the fibres and makes the feed more digestible.
Further, the mass ratio of the pectinase to the cellulase in the complex enzyme is 1-5.
Furthermore, the mass ratio of the mixture of EM bacteria, candida utilis and Geotrichum candidum in the composite microbial inoculum is 5-10.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the pomace biological fermentation feed, which comprises the following steps:
s1: pulverizing pericarpium Citri Grandis, pericarpium Citri Grandis pulp and fructus Citri Grandis pulp residue into granules with particle size not more than 2cm, and cutting dried radix Euphorbiae Fischerianae and dried straw into small segments with length not more than 5 cm;
s2: mixing the shaddock peel, the shaddock pulp peel and the shaddock pulp residue which are treated by the S1, adding half amount of complex enzyme, and performing enzymolysis for 2-5 days at room temperature to obtain an enzymolysis material;
s3: adding the dried pennisetum alopecuroides and the dried straws treated by the S1, the bamboo powder, the protein supplement and the residual complex enzyme into the enzymolysis material, regulating the water content of the mixture material to be not more than 80%, and then inoculating the complex microbial inoculum into the mixture material; then compacting the obtained materials, and fermenting the materials for 55 to 65 days in a closed manner at room temperature to obtain the fertilizer.
Further, the water content of the mixed material in the S3 is 65-80%.
The invention also provides application of the pomace biological fermentation feed in preparation of cattle and sheep feed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method takes the byproducts such as the shaddock peel and the like as the fermentation raw materials of the fermented feed, not only can realize waste utilization, but also can avoid environmental pollution; meanwhile, the variety of the feed can be enriched, and the feed shortage in winter in the south can be avoided.
2. The fermented feed prepared by the invention has good taste and higher nutritional value, can increase the food intake of cattle and sheep, can increase the weight of cattle and sheep during overwintering, and effectively ensures the benefit of farmers.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to illustrate specific embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
A pomace biological fermentation feed comprises the following fermentation raw materials in parts by mass:
20 parts of shaddock peel, 20 parts of shaddock pulp peel, 10 parts of shaddock pulp residue, 25 parts of dried pennisetum, 5 parts of dried straw, 2 parts of bamboo powder, 0.5 part of urea, 0.02 part of complex enzyme and 0.02 part of complex microbial inoculum; wherein, the moisture content of the dried pennisetum and the dried straws is lower than 10 percent; the compound enzyme is formed by mixing pectinase and cellulase according to the mass ratio of 1; the composite microbial inoculum is prepared by mixing EM (purchased from Qiang Murrao in south China), candida utilis and Geotrichum candidum according to the mass ratio of 10.
The pomace biological fermentation feed in the embodiment is prepared by the following steps:
s1: pulverizing pericarpium Citri Grandis, pericarpium Citri Grandis pulp and fructus Citri Grandis pulp residue into granules with particle size not more than 2cm, and cutting dried radix Euphorbiae Fischerianae and dried straw into small segments with length not more than 5 cm;
s2: mixing the shaddock peel, the shaddock pulp peel and the shaddock pulp residue which are treated by the S1, adding half amount of compound enzyme, and performing enzymolysis for 3 days at room temperature to obtain an enzymolysis material;
s3: adding the processed pennisetum alopecuroides, the processed straw, the bamboo powder, the protein supplement and the residual complex enzyme into the enzymolysis material, regulating the water content of the mixed material to be about 75%, and then inoculating the complex microbial inoculum into the mixed material; compacting the obtained materials, and fermenting at room temperature for 60 days in a sealed manner.
Example 2
A pomace biological fermentation feed comprises the following fermentation raw materials in parts by mass:
15 parts of shaddock peel, 25 parts of shaddock pulp peel, 5 parts of shaddock pulp residue, 30 parts of dried pennisetum, 5 parts of dried straw, 5 parts of bamboo powder, 0.05 part of urea, 0.01 part of complex enzyme and 0.01 part of complex microbial inoculum; wherein, the moisture content of the dried pennisetum and the dried straws is lower than 10 percent; the compound enzyme is prepared by mixing pectinase and cellulase according to the mass ratio of 1; the composite microbial inoculum is prepared by mixing EM (purchased from Qiang Murrao in south China), candida utilis and Geotrichum candidum according to the mass ratio of 5.
The pomace biological fermentation feed in the embodiment is prepared by the following steps:
s1: pulverizing pericarpium Citri Grandis, pericarpium Citri Grandis pulp and fructus Citri Grandis pulp residue into granules with particle size not more than 2cm, and cutting dried radix Euphorbiae Fischerianae and dried straw into small segments with length not more than 5 cm;
s2: mixing the shaddock peel, the shaddock pulp peel and the shaddock pulp residue which are treated by the S1, adding half amount of complex enzyme, and performing enzymolysis for 2 days at room temperature to obtain an enzymolysis material;
s3: adding the processed pennisetum alopecuroides, the processed straw, the bamboo powder, the protein supplement and the residual complex enzyme into the enzymolysis material, regulating the water content of the mixed material to be about 70%, and then inoculating the complex microbial inoculum into the mixed material; compacting the obtained materials, and fermenting at room temperature for 55 days in a sealed manner to obtain the product.
Example 3
A pomace biological fermentation feed comprises the following fermentation raw materials in parts by mass:
25 parts of shaddock peel, 15 parts of shaddock pulp residue, 20 parts of dried pennisetum, 10 parts of dried straw, 1 part of bamboo powder, 1 part of urea, 0.05 part of complex enzyme and 0.05 part of complex microbial inoculum; wherein, the moisture content of the dried pennisetum and the dried straws is lower than 10 percent; the compound enzyme is formed by mixing pectinase and cellulase according to the mass ratio of 1; the composite microbial inoculum is prepared by mixing EM (purchased from Qiang Murrao in south China), candida utilis and Geotrichum candidum according to the mass ratio of 1.
The pomace biological fermentation feed in the embodiment is prepared by the following steps:
s1: pulverizing pericarpium Citri Grandis, pericarpium Citri Grandis pulp and fructus Citri Grandis pulp residue into granules with particle size not more than 2cm, and cutting dried radix Euphorbiae Fischerianae and dried straw into small segments with length not more than 5 cm;
s2: mixing the shaddock peel, the shaddock pulp peel and the shaddock pulp residue which are treated by the S1, adding half amount of compound enzyme, and performing enzymolysis for 3 days at room temperature to obtain an enzymolysis material;
s3: adding the processed pennisetum alopecuroides, the processed straw, the bamboo powder, the protein supplement and the residual complex enzyme into the enzymolysis material, regulating the water content of the mixed material to be about 80%, and then inoculating the complex microbial inoculum into the mixed material; compacting the obtained materials, and fermenting in a closed manner at room temperature for 65 days to obtain the fertilizer.
Comparative example 1
The same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the dried pennisetum and the dried straw in example 1 were replaced with fresh pennisetum and fresh straw.
Comparative example 2
The same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the dried pennisetum alopecuroides in example 1 was changed to fresh pennisetum alopecuroides.
Comparative example 3
The same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the dry straw in example 1 was replaced with fresh straw.
Comparative example 4
The same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the dry pennisetum alopecuroides of example 1 was removed.
Comparative example 5
The dry straw of example 1 was removed and the procedure of example 1 was repeated.
Comparative example 6
The same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the dry pennisetum and the dry straw in example 1 were removed.
Analysis of results
The total content of volatile substances such as volatile oil and aromatic alcohol in the prepared feed was measured by the measuring method described in GB/T6435-2006/ISO 6496.
TABLE 1 feed effective ingredient content
| Total content of volatile substances (g/kg) | Crude protein content (g/kg) | |
| Example 1 | 253.8 | 451.3 |
| Example 2 | 258.9 | 462.4 |
| Example 3 | 257.1 | 458.6 |
| Comparative example 1 | 195.9 | 446.9 |
| Comparative example 2 | 216.3 | 451.4 |
| Comparative example 3 | 206.7 | 444.4 |
| Comparative example 4 | 166.2 | 395.6 |
| Comparative example 5 | 153.9 | 401.8 |
| Comparative example 6 | 136.8 | 293.4 |
| Conventional silage | 98.7 | 319.5 |
As can be seen from table 1, the fermented feed prepared by the preparation method (examples 1 to 3) in the present application has high content of volatile substances and crude protein, has high nutritive value, and can meet feeding requirements of livestock such as cattle and sheep.
100 cows with the weight of about 250kg (the weight difference is not more than 5 kg) are selected and divided into 10 groups, the fermented feed in the examples and the comparative examples is respectively fed to the end of 2 months in the following year in the middle of 11 months, and enough feed is fed every day to investigate the daily food intake of the cows. The feeding results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 milk cow feeding results
As can be seen from table 2, when the feed of the present application (examples 1 to 3) was fed, the daily food intake of the cows was high, indicating that the feed of the present application had good palatability and was easily accepted by the livestock. In addition, the weight of the dairy cow can be increased during the overwintering period by feeding the feed, and the benefits of farmers can be guaranteed.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it should not be construed as limited to the scope of the patent. Various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art without inventive step within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The pomace biological fermentation feed is characterized by comprising the following fermentation raw materials in parts by mass:
15 to 25 parts of shaddock peel, 15 to 25 parts of shaddock pulp peel, 5 to 15 parts of shaddock pulp residue, 20 to 30 parts of dried pennisetum alopecuroides, 5 to 10 parts of dried straw, 1 to 5 parts of bamboo powder, 0.05 to 1 part of protein supplement, 0.01 to 0.05 part of complex enzyme and 0.01 to 0.05 part of complex microbial inoculum; the compound enzyme is a mixture of pectinase and cellulase; the composite microbial inoculum is a mixture of EM (effective microorganisms), candida utilis and Geotrichum candidum.
2. The pomace biological fermentation feed as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following fermentation raw materials in parts by mass:
20 parts of shaddock peel, 20 parts of shaddock pulp peel, 10 parts of shaddock pulp residue, 25 parts of dried pennisetum, 5 parts of dried straw, 2 parts of bamboo powder, 0.5 part of protein supplement, 0.02 part of complex enzyme and 0.02 part of complex microbial inoculum.
3. The pomace biologically fermented feed according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the moisture content of the dry pennisetum and the dry straw is less than 10 percent.
4. The marc biofermented feed according to claim 1 or 2 characterized by: the protein supplement is urea.
5. The pomace biological fermented feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mass ratio of the pectinase to the cellulase in the complex enzyme is 1-5.
6. The pomace biologically fermented feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mass ratio of the mixture of EM bacteria, candida utilis and Geotrichum candidum in the composite microbial inoculum is 5-10.
7. The method for preparing the pomace biologically fermented feed according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: pulverizing pericarpium Citri Grandis, pericarpium Citri Grandis pulp and fructus Citri Grandis pulp residue into granules with particle size not more than 2cm, and cutting dried radix Euphorbiae Fischerianae and dried straw into small segments with length not more than 5 cm;
s2: mixing the shaddock peel, the shaddock pulp peel and the shaddock pulp residue which are treated by the S1, adding half amount of complex enzyme, and performing enzymolysis for 2-5 days at room temperature to obtain an enzymolysis material;
s3: adding the processed pennisetum alopecuroides, the processed dry straws, the bamboo powder, the protein supplement and the residual complex enzyme into the enzymolysis material, regulating and controlling the water content of the mixed material to be not more than 80%, and then inoculating the complex microbial inoculum into the mixed material; then compacting the obtained materials, and fermenting the materials for 55 to 65 days in a closed manner at room temperature to obtain the fertilizer.
8. The method for producing according to claim 7, characterized in that: the water content of the mixed material in the S3 is 65-80%.
9. The use of the pomace biofermented feed according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in the preparation of cattle and sheep diets.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211329209.3A CN115606680A (en) | 2022-10-27 | 2022-10-27 | Pomace biological fermentation feed and preparation method and application thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211329209.3A CN115606680A (en) | 2022-10-27 | 2022-10-27 | Pomace biological fermentation feed and preparation method and application thereof |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105211509A (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2016-01-06 | 玉林师范学院 | A kind ofly utilize feed of pomelo peel ferment making and preparation method thereof |
| CN105961857A (en) * | 2016-06-06 | 2016-09-28 | 平果乾坤原生态种养有限公司 | Feed for preventing and treating goat lung heat disease and preparing method thereof |
| CN109619270A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-04-16 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of preparation method of dry rice straw fermented feed |
| CN112913964A (en) * | 2021-02-06 | 2021-06-08 | 广安鑫农发展有限公司 | Fermented feed and preparation method thereof |
-
2022
- 2022-10-27 CN CN202211329209.3A patent/CN115606680A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105211509A (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2016-01-06 | 玉林师范学院 | A kind ofly utilize feed of pomelo peel ferment making and preparation method thereof |
| CN105961857A (en) * | 2016-06-06 | 2016-09-28 | 平果乾坤原生态种养有限公司 | Feed for preventing and treating goat lung heat disease and preparing method thereof |
| CN109619270A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-04-16 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of preparation method of dry rice straw fermented feed |
| CN112913964A (en) * | 2021-02-06 | 2021-06-08 | 广安鑫农发展有限公司 | Fermented feed and preparation method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 余海立;雷生姣;黄超;: "酶法降解与微生物发酵结合处理柑橘皮渣生产高蛋白饲料", 广东农业科学, vol. 1, no. 05, pages 376 - 377 * |
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