CN115590199A - 一种益生菌饮品及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种益生菌饮品及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115590199A CN115590199A CN202211166856.7A CN202211166856A CN115590199A CN 115590199 A CN115590199 A CN 115590199A CN 202211166856 A CN202211166856 A CN 202211166856A CN 115590199 A CN115590199 A CN 115590199A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- parts
- probiotic
- compound
- vitamin
- collagen peptide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000006041 probiotic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 235000018291 probiotics Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 230000000529 probiotic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 235000021489 probiotic drink Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229920002385 Sodium hyaluronate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229940010747 sodium hyaluronate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- YWIVKILSMZOHHF-QJZPQSOGSA-N sodium;(2s,3s,4s,5r,6r)-6-[(2s,3r,4r,5s,6r)-3-acetamido-2-[(2s,3s,4r,5r,6r)-6-[(2r,3r,4r,5s,6r)-3-acetamido-2,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2- Chemical compound [Na+].CC(=O)N[C@H]1[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O3)C(O)=O)O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)NC(C)=O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)O1 YWIVKILSMZOHHF-QJZPQSOGSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- PMMYEEVYMWASQN-DMTCNVIQSA-N Hydroxyproline Chemical compound O[C@H]1CN[C@H](C(O)=O)C1 PMMYEEVYMWASQN-DMTCNVIQSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- WHMDKBIGKVEYHS-IYEMJOQQSA-L Zinc gluconate Chemical compound [Zn+2].OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O WHMDKBIGKVEYHS-IYEMJOQQSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- FNAQSUUGMSOBHW-UHFFFAOYSA-H calcium citrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O FNAQSUUGMSOBHW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000001354 calcium citrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- PMMYEEVYMWASQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dl-hydroxyproline Natural products OC1C[NH2+]C(C([O-])=O)C1 PMMYEEVYMWASQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229960002413 ferric citrate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229960002591 hydroxyproline Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- NPFOYSMITVOQOS-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(III) citrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NPFOYSMITVOQOS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- FGMPLJWBKKVCDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-L-hydroxy-proline Natural products ON1CCCC1C(O)=O FGMPLJWBKKVCDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000013337 tricalcium citrate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229960000306 zinc gluconate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000011478 zinc gluconate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011670 zinc gluconate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000003599 food sweetener Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- -1 vitamin compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 240000001046 Lactobacillus acidophilus Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000013956 Lactobacillus acidophilus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940039695 lactobacillus acidophilus Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000186015 Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000191998 Pediococcus acidilactici Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940004120 bifidobacterium infantis Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 244000199866 Lactobacillus casei Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000013958 Lactobacillus casei Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940017800 lactobacillus casei Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 6
- QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N Vitamin D3 Natural products C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C/C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Xylitol Natural products OCCC(O)C(O)C(O)CCO TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N meso ribitol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000811 xylitol Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010447 xylitol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960002675 xylitol Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004376 Sucralose Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000021552 granulated sugar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019408 sucralose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- BAQAVOSOZGMPRM-QBMZZYIRSA-N sucralose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](Cl)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@]1(CCl)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CCl)O1 BAQAVOSOZGMPRM-QBMZZYIRSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004386 Erythritol Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erythritol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N erythritol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019414 erythritol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940009714 erythritol Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010011485 Aspartame Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930003270 Vitamin B Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000605 aspartame Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- IAOZJIPTCAWIRG-QWRGUYRKSA-N aspartame Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)OC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 IAOZJIPTCAWIRG-QWRGUYRKSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010357 aspartame Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003438 aspartame Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019156 vitamin B Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011720 vitamin B Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 13-cis retinol Natural products OCC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N Vitamin A Natural products OC/C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N all-trans-retinol Chemical compound OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960004256 calcium citrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019155 vitamin A Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011719 vitamin A Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005282 vitamin D3 Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011647 vitamin D3 Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-YRZJJWOYSA-N vitamin D3 Chemical compound C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C\C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-YRZJJWOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940045997 vitamin a Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940021056 vitamin d3 Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000013872 defecation Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007413 intestinal health Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 206010010774 Constipation Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 206010012735 Diarrhoea Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 229930003316 Vitamin D Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000019166 vitamin D Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011710 vitamin D Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003710 vitamin D derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229940046008 vitamin d Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- KIUKXJAPPMFGSW-DNGZLQJQSA-N (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-Acetamido-2-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-2,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@H]1[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O3)C(O)=O)O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)NC(C)=O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)O1 KIUKXJAPPMFGSW-DNGZLQJQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Niacin Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002674 hyaluronan Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229960003160 hyaluronic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-1-[4-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]propan-1-one Chemical compound N1N=NC=2CN(CCC=21)CCC(=O)N1CCN(CC1)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DEXFNLNNUZKHNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-[3-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperidin-1-yl]-3-oxopropyl]-3H-1,3-benzoxazol-2-one Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C1CCN(CC1)C(CCC1=CC2=C(NC(O2)=O)C=C1)=O DEXFNLNNUZKHNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000186016 Bifidobacterium bifidum Species 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010016626 Dipeptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010013786 Dry skin Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010019375 Helicobacter infections Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010020751 Hypersensitivity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000218492 Lactobacillus crispatus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000186673 Lactobacillus delbrueckii Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000186606 Lactobacillus gasseri Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000186605 Lactobacillus paracasei Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000006024 Lactobacillus plantarum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013965 Lactobacillus plantarum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000186604 Lactobacillus reuteri Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000218588 Lactobacillus rhamnosus Species 0.000 description 1
- MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[1-oxo-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propan-2-yl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(C(C)NC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010073771 Soybean Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000194020 Streptococcus thermophilus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000026935 allergic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007815 allergy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003712 anti-aging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940002008 bifidobacterium bifidum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000036772 blood pressure Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013325 dietary fiber Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037336 dry skin Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FTSSQIKWUOOEGC-RULYVFMPSA-N fructooligosaccharide Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@](CO)(OC[C@@]2(OC[C@@]3(OC[C@@]4(OC[C@@]5(OC[C@@]6(OC[C@@]7(OC[C@@]8(OC[C@@]9(OC[C@@]%10(OC[C@@]%11(O[C@H]%12O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]%12O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]%11O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]%10O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]9O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]8O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]7O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]6O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]5O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]4O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]3O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O FTSSQIKWUOOEGC-RULYVFMPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940107187 fructooligosaccharide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000413 hydrolysate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940072205 lactobacillus plantarum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940001882 lactobacillus reuteri Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003512 nicotinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019710 soybean protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/135—Bacteria or derivatives thereof, e.g. probiotics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/38—Other non-alcoholic beverages
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/125—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives containing carbohydrate syrups; containing sugars; containing sugar alcohols; containing starch hydrolysates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/15—Vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/15—Vitamins
- A23L33/155—Vitamins A or D
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/17—Amino acids, peptides or proteins
- A23L33/18—Peptides; Protein hydrolysates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
- Non-Alcoholic Beverages (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种益生菌饮品及其制备方法;提供一种益生菌饮品,按重量份数计,包括:益生菌复合物10‑30份、透明质酸钠1‑5份、胶原蛋白肽10‑20份、维生素复合物5‑10份、柠檬酸钙2‑5份、柠檬酸铁2‑5份、葡萄糖酸锌2‑5份、甜味剂10‑20份以及水适量;本发明的益生菌饮品原料简单且无任何色素、防腐剂添加;特定的益生菌复合物、透明质酸钠以及胶原蛋白肽的协同作用,不仅能够调节肠道菌群,改善排便情况,还能改善皮肤状况,调整肌肤水油平衡;本发明的胶原蛋白肽分子量小且羟脯氨酸含量高,更易吸收;本发明还添加了维生素,在调节肠道健康、改善皮肤状态的基础上给人体补充维生素。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品加工技术领域,尤其涉及一种益生菌饮品及其制备方法。
背景技术
益生菌是一类对宿主有益的活性微生物,是能产生确切健康功效从而改善宿主微生态平衡、发挥有益作用的活性有益微生物的总称。益生菌具有改善腹泻、帮助消化、降低胆固醇、降血压、改善过敏、提升免疫力、减少幽门螺旋杆菌感染、预防便秘等功能。
透明质酸钠,又称玻尿酸,过去只在人体外部以化妆品形式或者以注射形式用于抗衰、祛皱、美容;食品级玻尿酸属于天然透明质酸钠,可长期口服,以起到增加肌肤储水量的作用。
胶原蛋白肽是胶原蛋白的水解产物,相对分子量更小,其特有的二肽等小分子肽具有良好的吸收特性,更易被人体利用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术中的不足,提供一种益生菌饮品及其制备方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采取的技术方案是:
本发明的第一方面是提供一种益生菌饮品,按重量份数计,包括:益生菌复合物10-30份、透明质酸钠1-5份、胶原蛋白肽10-20份、维生素复合物5-10份、柠檬酸钙2-5份、柠檬酸铁2-5份、葡萄糖酸锌2-5份、甜味剂10-20份以及水适量。
优选地,所述益生菌复合物包括:婴儿双歧杆菌B145、嗜酸乳杆菌LA85、干酪乳杆菌LC89或乳酸片球菌PA53中的至少一种。
优选地,所述益生菌复合物活菌总数不低于106CFU/mL。
优选地,所述胶原蛋白肽的分子量为600Da-1400Da,所述胶原蛋白肽中羟脯氨酸含量为6%-12%。
优选地,所述维生素复合物包括:维生素A、维生素B、维生素C或维生素D3中的至少一种。
优选地,所述甜味剂包括:赤砂糖、三氯蔗糖、木糖醇、阿斯巴甜或赤藓糖醇中的至少一种。
本发明的第二方面是提供一种上述述益生菌饮品的制备方法,步骤包括:
S1、将益生菌置于培养基中发酵制得发酵液,混合发酵液即得益生菌复合物;
S2、按重量份数称取柠檬酸钙、柠檬酸铁、葡萄糖酸锌以及甜味剂,溶于水中并进行高压均质处理后,过滤,制得第一混合溶液;
S3、按重量份数称取益生菌复合物、透明质酸钠、胶原蛋白肽以及维生素复合物,置于第一混合溶液中,搅拌至均匀,即得所述益生菌饮品。
优选地,步骤S2中,所述高压均质处理的压力为40MPa-60MPa,时间为20min-60min,温度为50℃-80℃。
优选地,步骤S2中,所述过滤采用的滤网为120目滤网。
优选地,步骤S3中,所述搅拌的温度为30℃-40℃,时间为1h-2h。
本发明采用以上技术方案,与现有技术相比,具有如下技术效果:
本发明的益生菌饮品原料简单且无任何色素、防腐剂添加;特定的益生菌复合物、透明质酸钠以及胶原蛋白肽的协同作用,不仅能够调节肠道菌群,改善排便情况,还能改善皮肤状况,调整肌肤水油平衡;本发明的胶原蛋白肽分子量小且羟脯氨酸含量高,更易吸收;本发明还添加了维生素,在调节肠道健康、改善皮肤状态的基础上给人体补充维生素。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本发明中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但不作为本发明的限定。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种益生菌饮品的制备方法,步骤包括:
S1、将婴儿双歧杆菌B145、嗜酸乳杆菌LA85、干酪乳杆菌LC89以及乳酸片球菌PA53分别置于培养基中发酵制得婴儿双歧杆菌B145发酵液、嗜酸乳杆菌LA85发酵液、干酪乳杆菌LC89发酵液以及乳酸片球菌PA53发酵液,混合上述发酵液即得益生菌复合物;所述益生菌复合物活菌总数不低于106CFU/mL;
S2、按重量份数称取柠檬酸钙5份、柠檬酸铁5份、葡萄糖酸锌5份、赤砂糖5份、三氯蔗糖5份以及木糖醇5份,溶于水中,在60℃下以50MPa的压力高压均质处理30min,120目滤网过滤,制得第一混合溶液;
S3、按重量份数称取所述益生菌复合物18份、透明质酸钠1份、胶原蛋白肽15份以及维生素D3 8份,置于所述第一混合溶液中,35℃搅拌1.5h,即得所述益生菌饮品;所述胶原蛋白肽的分子量为1200Da,所述胶原蛋白肽中羟脯氨酸含量为8%。
实施例2
本实施例提供另一种益生菌饮品的制备方法,步骤包括:
S1、将婴儿双歧杆菌B145、嗜酸乳杆菌LA85以及乳酸片球菌PA53分别置于培养基中发酵制得婴儿双歧杆菌B145发酵液、嗜酸乳杆菌LA85发酵液以及乳酸片球菌PA53发酵液,混合上述发酵液即得益生菌复合物;所述益生菌复合物活菌总数不低于106CFU/mL;
S2、按重量份数称取柠檬酸钙5份、柠檬酸铁5份、葡萄糖酸锌5份、赤砂糖5份、三氯蔗糖5份、木糖醇5份以及赤藓糖醇5份,溶于水中,在80℃下以60MPa的压力高压均质处理20min,120目滤网过滤,制得第一混合溶液;
S3、按重量份数称取所述益生菌复合物28份、透明质酸钠4份、胶原蛋白肽2份、维生素D3 1份以及维生素C 2份,置于所述第一混合溶液中,30℃搅拌2h,即得所述益生菌饮品;所述胶原蛋白肽的分子量为800Da,所述胶原蛋白肽中羟脯氨酸含量为12%。
实施例3
本实施例提供另一种益生菌饮品的制备方法,步骤包括:
S1、将婴儿双歧杆菌B145、嗜酸乳杆菌LA85、干酪乳杆菌LC89以及乳酸片球菌PA53分别置于培养基中发酵制得婴儿双歧杆菌B145发酵液、嗜酸乳杆菌LA85发酵液、干酪乳杆菌LC89发酵液以及乳酸片球菌PA53发酵液,混合上述发酵液即得益生菌复合物;所述益生菌复合物活菌总数不低于106CFU/mL;
S2、按重量份数称取柠檬酸钙3份、柠檬酸铁3份、葡萄糖酸锌3份、赤砂糖3份、三氯蔗糖3份、木糖醇3份、赤藓糖醇3份以及阿斯巴甜3份,溶于水中,在50℃下以40MPa的压力高压均质处理60min,120目滤网过滤,制得第一混合溶液;
S3、按重量份数称取所述益生菌复合物12份、透明质酸钠3份、胶原蛋白肽20份以及维生素B 5份、维生素C 4份以及维生素D3 4份,置于所述第一混合溶液中,40℃搅拌1h,即得所述益生菌饮品;所述胶原蛋白肽的分子量为1400Da,所述胶原蛋白肽中羟脯氨酸含量为8%。
对比例1
本对比例提供一种益生菌饮品,按重量份数计,包括:德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种8份、嗜热链球菌7份、有机酸钙20份、膳食纤维15份、大豆蛋白15份以及木糖醇35份。
对比例2
本对比例提供另一种益生菌饮品,按重量份数计,包括:植物乳杆菌1份、卷曲乳杆菌2份、嗜酸乳杆菌5份、鼠李糖乳杆菌1份、格氏乳杆菌2份、干酪乳杆菌2份、罗伊氏乳杆菌1份、副干酪乳杆菌1份、两歧双歧杆菌3份、低聚果糖20份以及烟氨酸0.03份。
检测实施例
1.皮肤改善测试
选取100名需要改善皮肤细纹、毛孔粗大、肤色不均匀、皮肤干燥、皮肤除油等状况的女性志愿者,志愿者平均年龄37.46±6.13岁,随机分为5组,每组20人,服用实施例1-3所述方法制备的益生菌饮品以及对比例1-2提供的益生菌饮品,每次200mL,每天1次,连续服用2个月。
使用效果判断标准如下:
显著:细纹明显减少、毛孔明显变小、肤色整体透亮、皮肤水油平衡。
有效:皮肤状态有所改善,较未使用前细纹变浅、毛孔有缩小、皮肤水润或无明显油腻。
无效果:无明显变化。
表1
显著(例) | 有效(例) | 无效(例) | 显效率(%) | |
实施例1 | 15 | 5 | 0 | 100 |
实施例2 | 12 | 8 | 0 | 100 |
实施例3 | 14 | 6 | 0 | 100 |
对比例1 | 4 | 8 | 8 | 60 |
对比例2 | 2 | 5 | 13 | 35 |
2.肠道调节测试
选取100名志愿者,志愿者年龄、性别比例相当,均存在排便不畅、便秘或腹泻等情况;随机分为5组,每组20人,服用实施例1-3所述方法制备的益生菌饮品以及对比例1-2提供的益生菌饮品,每次200mL,每天1次,连续服用1个月。
使用效果判断如下:
显著:排便次数调整为1天一次,排便顺畅,无便秘以及腹泻。
有效:便秘者排便次数有所增加,腹泻者排便次数有所减少。
无效:无明显变化。
表2
显著(例) | 有效(例) | 无效(例) | 显效率(%) | |
实施例1 | 18 | 2 | 0 | 100 |
实施例2 | 15 | 5 | 0 | 100 |
实施例3 | 16 | 4 | 0 | 100 |
对比例1 | 7 | 8 | 5 | 75 |
对比例2 | 5 | 12 | 3 | 85 |
综上所述,本发明的益生菌饮品原料简单且无任何色素、防腐剂添加;特定的益生菌复合物、透明质酸钠以及胶原蛋白肽的协同作用,不仅能够调节肠道菌群,改善排便情况,还能改善皮肤状况,调整肌肤水油平衡;本发明的胶原蛋白肽分子量小且羟脯氨酸含量高,更易吸收;本发明还添加了维生素,在调节肠道健康、改善皮肤状态的基础上给人体补充维生素。
以上所述仅为本发明较佳的实施例,并非因此限制本发明的实施方式及保护范围,对于本领域技术人员而言,应当能够意识到凡运用本发明说明书内容所作出的等同替换和显而易见的变化所得到的方案,均应当包含在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种益生菌饮品,其特征在于,按重量份数计,包括:益生菌复合物10-30份、透明质酸钠1-5份、胶原蛋白肽10-20份、维生素复合物5-10份、柠檬酸钙2-5份、柠檬酸铁2-5份、葡萄糖酸锌2-5份、甜味剂10-20份以及水适量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的益生菌饮品,其特征在于,所述益生菌复合物包括:婴儿双歧杆菌B145、嗜酸乳杆菌LA85、干酪乳杆菌LC89或乳酸片球菌PA53中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的益生菌饮品,其特征在于,所述益生菌复合物活菌总数不低于106CFU/mL。
4.根据权利要求1所述的益生菌饮品,其特征在于,所述胶原蛋白肽的分子量为600Da-1400Da,所述胶原蛋白肽中羟脯氨酸含量为6%-12%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的益生菌饮品,其特征在于,所述维生素复合物包括:维生素A、维生素B、维生素C或维生素D3中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的益生菌饮品,其特征在于,所述甜味剂包括:赤砂糖、三氯蔗糖、木糖醇、阿斯巴甜或赤藓糖醇中的至少一种。
7.一种权利要求1-6任一项所述益生菌饮品的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤包括:
S1、将益生菌置于培养基中发酵制得发酵液,混合发酵液即得益生菌复合物;
S2、按重量份数称取柠檬酸钙、柠檬酸铁、葡萄糖酸锌以及甜味剂,溶于水中并进行高压均质处理后,过滤,制得第一混合溶液;
S3、按重量份数称取所述益生菌复合物、透明质酸钠、胶原蛋白肽以及维生素复合物,置于所述第一混合溶液中,搅拌至均匀,即得所述益生菌饮品。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,所述高压均质处理的压力为40MPa-60MPa,时间为20min-60min,温度为50℃-80℃。
9.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,所述过滤采用的滤网为120目滤网。
10.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S3中,所述搅拌的温度为30℃-40℃,时间为1h-2h。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202211166856.7A CN115590199A (zh) | 2022-09-23 | 2022-09-23 | 一种益生菌饮品及其制备方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202211166856.7A CN115590199A (zh) | 2022-09-23 | 2022-09-23 | 一种益生菌饮品及其制备方法 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN115590199A true CN115590199A (zh) | 2023-01-13 |
Family
ID=84844320
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202211166856.7A Pending CN115590199A (zh) | 2022-09-23 | 2022-09-23 | 一种益生菌饮品及其制备方法 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN115590199A (zh) |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107691955A (zh) * | 2017-09-14 | 2018-02-16 | 广州赛莱拉干细胞科技股份有限公司 | 益生菌固体饮料及其制备方法 |
CN108142928A (zh) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-06-12 | 北京数果科技有限公司 | 用于肠道调理的复合益生菌组合物及其应用 |
CN109043548A (zh) * | 2018-08-21 | 2018-12-21 | 广州能靓生物技术有限公司 | 一种组合物、美容养颜、延缓衰老的产品及应用 |
CN111109492A (zh) * | 2020-01-14 | 2020-05-08 | 上海昊岳食品科技有限公司 | 功能性胶原蛋白肽益生菌固体饮料及其制备方法 |
CN114947141A (zh) * | 2022-05-16 | 2022-08-30 | 上海曙雅生物科技有限公司 | 一种具有皮肤美容功效的组合物及其用途 |
-
2022
- 2022-09-23 CN CN202211166856.7A patent/CN115590199A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107691955A (zh) * | 2017-09-14 | 2018-02-16 | 广州赛莱拉干细胞科技股份有限公司 | 益生菌固体饮料及其制备方法 |
CN108142928A (zh) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-06-12 | 北京数果科技有限公司 | 用于肠道调理的复合益生菌组合物及其应用 |
CN109043548A (zh) * | 2018-08-21 | 2018-12-21 | 广州能靓生物技术有限公司 | 一种组合物、美容养颜、延缓衰老的产品及应用 |
CN111109492A (zh) * | 2020-01-14 | 2020-05-08 | 上海昊岳食品科技有限公司 | 功能性胶原蛋白肽益生菌固体饮料及其制备方法 |
CN114947141A (zh) * | 2022-05-16 | 2022-08-30 | 上海曙雅生物科技有限公司 | 一种具有皮肤美容功效的组合物及其用途 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN109123295B (zh) | 一种益生菌固体饮料及其制备方法 | |
CN108618151B (zh) | 一种保持菌种活性的益生菌微胶囊及其制备方法 | |
CN112425767A (zh) | 一种美容养颜益生菌发酵粉及其生产方法 | |
CN105815640A (zh) | 一种促消化调整肠胃果蔬益生菌产品及其制备方法 | |
CN113493753A (zh) | 干酪乳杆菌发酵滤液、制备方法及其应用 | |
CN112226429B (zh) | 一种益生菌微囊及其制备方法和应用 | |
CN113416680A (zh) | 一种干酪乳杆菌的发酵培养基及其应用 | |
CN111227261A (zh) | 一种益生元组合物及其应用 | |
CN116676225B (zh) | 一株具有安神助眠功效的鼠李糖乳杆菌lr-28菌株、发酵产物、嘉眠菌群组合剂及应用 | |
CN112515171A (zh) | 一种补液益生菌组合物及其应用 | |
CN113876935A (zh) | 一种治疗宠物肠道疾病的组合物及其应用 | |
CN106389784A (zh) | 清肺润肺、增强免疫力的组合物及其应用 | |
CN113208077A (zh) | 一种益生菌枸杞醋果冻的制备方法 | |
CN112617083A (zh) | 一种润肠通便降血糖的益生元固体饮料及其制备方法 | |
CN116035205A (zh) | 一种调节代谢的益生菌组合物及其制备方法 | |
CN115590199A (zh) | 一种益生菌饮品及其制备方法 | |
CN116445356A (zh) | 一种调节肠道菌群及增强免疫力的动物双歧杆菌乳亚种ba67及其应用 | |
CN113575959A (zh) | 一种能够抑制有害菌的益生菌组合物 | |
CN111195267B (zh) | 具有促进肠干细胞增生、抗病毒、抗发炎和抗过敏功效的乳酸菌晶体组合物及其制备方法 | |
CN113142566A (zh) | 一种枸杞益生菌粉及其制备方法 | |
CN113144167A (zh) | 一种具有降尿酸效果的发酵型小分子肽混合液及其制备方法和应用 | |
CN116286535B (zh) | 一种含益生菌的胶原蛋白肽组合物及其应用 | |
CN114470005B (zh) | 益生菌和透明质酸钠的组合物及其应用 | |
CN116004446B (zh) | 一种提高免疫力的罗伊式乳杆菌ll029及其应用 | |
CN116970530B (zh) | 一种预防和治疗小儿腹泻的短双歧杆菌fphc4024及其应用 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |