CN115584656A - 一种具有光热效应的超疏水材料及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种具有光热效应的超疏水材料及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于光热材料工程技术领域,具体公开了一种具有光热效应的超疏水材料及其制备方法与应用。包括以下步骤:(1)将墨水均匀涂刷在基底上,干燥得到光热层;(2)重复步骤(1)一次以上,得到光热材料;(3)将碳颗粒、疏水性粘接剂与挥发性溶剂均匀混合,得到混合溶液;(4)将步骤(3)中所得混合溶液均匀喷涂至步骤(2)所得光热层表面,干燥;(5)重复步骤(4)一次以上,得到具有光热效应的超疏水材料。本发明涉及的具有光热效应的超疏水材料制备过程简单,太阳能蒸发速率快;功能表面与水的接触角大于150°,具有很好的阻液性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于超疏水材料以及光热材料技术领域,具体涉及一种具有光热效应的超疏水材料及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
超疏水材料具有自清洁的性能使其在诸多领域都有着巨大的应用潜力,如:防污防腐蚀材料,油水分离材料,自清洁包装材料等。喷涂是一种广泛使用的制备超疏水表面的方法,具有操作简单、易于规模制备等特点。具有光热效应的超疏水材料可进行自蒸发,是生产纯净水的有效方法。太阳能是一种可再生的清洁能源,利用界面蒸发的光热材料是高效利用太阳能实现水净化的关键材料。近年来,科研工作者尝试了不同类型的光热蒸发材料,但是具有一定局限性,如半导体纳米材料过程复杂、等离子体纳米材料仅在红外区域具有光热效应等。同时,一般的光热蒸发材料缺乏基于超疏水性的自清洁性能,因此非常需要手动清洁,增加了额外的成本,不利于规模生产。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术的缺点与不足,本发明的首要目的在于提供一种具有光热效应的超疏水材料的制备方法,通过在基底表面构建功能涂层,使其具有优异光热性能以及超疏水性能。
本发明另一目的在于提供上述具有光热效应的超疏水材料在太阳能蒸发、除冰等领域的应用。
本发明的目的通过下述方案实现:
一种具有光热效应的超疏水材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将墨水均匀涂刷在基底上,干燥得到光热层;
(2)重复步骤(1)一次以上,得到光热材料。
(3)将碳颗粒、疏水性粘接剂与挥发性溶剂均匀混合,得到混合溶液;
(4)将步骤(3)中所得混合溶液均匀喷涂至步骤(2)所得光热层表面,干燥固化;
(5)重复步骤(4)一次以上,得到具有光热效应的超疏水材料。
优选地,步骤(3)中,所述混合液中碳颗粒:疏水性粘接剂:溶剂的质量比为0.4~2:0.5~2.5:10~50。
优选地,步骤(1)中,所述墨水为松烟墨、油烟墨和漆烟墨磨制墨水中的至少一种;墨水的质量分数为8~12%。
优选地,步骤(1)中,所述基底为印刷纸、新闻纸、包装纸、滤纸、卫生纸、无纺布和木板。
优选地,步骤(1)中干燥温度为40~100℃,时间为5~60min。
优选地,步骤(3)中,所述碳颗粒为活性炭、墨粉、炭黑、碳纤维粉、石墨粉中的至少一种。
优选地,步骤(3)中,所述疏水性粘接剂为聚二甲基硅氧烷、植物油、动物油、脂肪酸、蜂蜡、棕榈蜡和壳聚糖中的一种;所述挥发性溶剂为正己烷,乙酸乙酯,氯仿、甲苯、乙醇、异辛烷、二甲苯、四氢萘和四氯化碳中的至少一种。
优选地,步骤(4)中,所述喷涂距离为10~50cm,干燥温度为40~100℃,时间为3~6h。
一种具有光热效应的超疏水材料,通过上述任一项所述方法制备得到。
所述的具有光热效应的超疏水材料在太阳能蒸发、除冰领域的应用。
本发明相对于现有技术,具有如下的优点及有益效果:
(1)本发明直接将中国传统墨通过简单的涂刷负载到基底上,与传统的光热材料相比,制备过程更加高效节能,并且能够实现大规模制备。
(2)本发明将碳颗粒与其他物质混合成溶液,采用简单的喷涂工艺,在基底表面构建超疏水层,与其它超疏水材料制备技术相比,本发明所用原料易得,且制备过程简单易操作。
(3)本发明涉及的具有光热效应的超疏水材料制备过程简单,太阳能蒸发速率快;功能表面与水的接触角大于150°,具有很好的阻液性能。
附图说明
图1为本发明涉及的具有光热效应的超疏水材料的制备流程图。
图2为实施例1至3制备的具有光热效应的超疏水材料的接触角数据图;从左至右依次为实施例1、2、3。
图3为实施例4制备的具有光热效应的超疏水材料的疏水测试图。
图4为实施例4至8制备的具有光热效应的超疏水材料在波长为250~2500nm的光吸收率图谱;从左至右依次为实施例4、5、6、7、8。
图5为实施例9制备的具有光热效应的超疏水材料在太阳光模拟器(100mW/cm2)下14分钟内的蒸发速率曲线。
图6为实施例9制备的具有光热效应的超疏水材料的自清洁性能测试图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例中所用试剂如无特殊说明均可从市场常规购得。
实施例1
(1)通过均匀研磨墨棒得到质量分数12%的墨水,将其均匀涂刷于打印纸,然后置入烘箱(40℃)处理60min。
(2)重复步骤(1),进行二次刷涂后进行干燥处理,得到光热材料。
(3)将0.2g墨粉,1g聚二甲基硅氧烷,0.1g固化剂与25mL乙酸乙酯均匀混合,得到混合分散液。
(4)将步骤(3)中的混合分散液均匀喷涂至步骤(2)所得光热材料表面,喷涂距离为30cm,干燥(40℃,6h)。
(5)重复步骤(4),进行二次喷涂后进行干燥处理,得到具有光热效应的超疏水材料。
实施例2
(1)通过均匀研磨墨棒得到质量分数10%的墨水,将其均匀涂刷于打印纸,然后置入烘箱(60℃)处理20min。
(2)重复步骤(1),进行二次刷涂后进行干燥处理,得到光热材料。
(3)将0.4g墨粉,1.2g聚二甲基硅氧烷,0.12g固化剂与25mL乙酸乙酯均匀混合,得到混合分散液。
(4)将步骤(3)中的混合分散液均匀喷涂至步骤(2)所得光热材料表面,喷涂距离为30cm,干燥(80℃,4h)。
(5)重复步骤(4),进行二次喷涂后进行干燥处理,得到具有光热效应的超疏水材料。
实施例3
(1)通过均匀研磨墨棒得到质量分数8%的墨水,将其均匀涂刷于打印纸,然后置入烘箱(100℃)处理5min。
(2)重复步骤(1),进行二次刷涂后进行干燥处理,得到光热材料。
(3)将0.6g墨粉,1g聚二甲基硅氧烷,0.1g固化剂与25mL乙酸乙酯均匀混合,得到混合分散液。
(4)将步骤(3)中的混合分散液均匀喷涂至步骤(2)所得光热材料表面,喷涂距离为30cm,干燥(100℃,3h)。
(5)重复步骤(4),进行二次喷涂后进行干燥处理,得到具有光热效应的超疏水材料。
实施例4
(1)通过均匀研磨墨棒得到质量分数10%的墨水,将其均匀涂刷于打印纸,然后置入烘箱(60℃)处理10min。
(2)重复步骤(1),进行二次刷涂后进行干燥处理,得到光热材料。
(3)将0.6g墨粉,1g聚二甲基硅氧烷,0.1g固化剂与25mL乙酸乙酯均匀混合,得到混合分散液。
(4)将步骤(3)中的混合分散液均匀喷涂至步骤(2)所得光热材料表面,喷涂距离为10cm,干燥(60℃,3h)。
(5)重复步骤(4),进行二次喷涂后进行干燥处理,得到具有光热效应的超疏水材料。
实施例5
(1)通过均匀研磨墨棒得到质量分数10%的墨水,将其均匀涂刷于铜版纸,然后置入烘箱(60℃)处理5min。
(2)重复步骤(1),进行二次刷涂后进行干燥处理,得到光热材料。
(3)将1g墨粉,0.8g聚二甲基硅氧烷,0.08g固化剂与20mL乙酸乙酯均匀混合,得到混合分散液。
(4)将步骤(3)中的混合分散液均匀喷涂至步骤(2)所得光热材料表面,喷涂距离为20cm,干燥(60℃,3h)。
(5)重复步骤(4),进行二次喷涂后进行干燥处理,得到具有光热效应的超疏水材料。
实施例6
(1)通过均匀研磨墨棒得到质量分数10%的墨水,将其均匀涂刷于牛皮纸,然后置入烘箱(60℃)处理5min。
(2)重复步骤(1),进行二次刷涂后进行干燥处理,得到光热材料。
(3)将0.8g墨粉,1.5g聚二甲基硅氧烷,0.15g固化剂与25mL乙酸乙酯均匀混合,得到混合分散液。
(4)将步骤(3)中的混合分散液均匀喷涂至步骤(2)所得光热材料表面,喷涂距离为30cm,干燥(60℃,3h)。
(5)重复步骤(4),进行二次喷涂后进行干燥处理,得到具有光热效应的超疏水材料。
实施例7
(1)通过均匀研磨墨棒得到质量分数10%的墨水,将其均匀涂刷于无纺布,然后置入烘箱(60℃)处理5min。
(2)重复步骤(1),进行二次刷涂后进行干燥处理,得到光热材料。
(3)将2g墨粉,2.5g聚二甲基硅氧烷,0.25g固化剂与50mL乙酸乙酯均匀混合,得到混合分散液。
(4)将步骤(3)中的混合分散液均匀喷涂至步骤(2)所得光热材料表面,喷涂距离为50cm,干燥(60℃,3h)。
(5)重复步骤(4),进行二次喷涂后进行干燥处理,得到具有光热效应的超疏水材料。
实施例8
(1)通过均匀研磨墨棒得到质量分数10%的墨水,将其均匀涂刷在木板上,置入烘箱(60℃)处理5min。
(2)重复步骤(1),进行二次刷涂后进行干燥处理,得到光热材料。
(3)将1.2g墨粉,2g聚二甲基硅氧烷,0.2g固化剂与30mL乙酸乙酯均匀混合,得到混合溶液,将其均匀喷涂至步骤(2)所得光热层表面,喷涂距离为30cm,干燥(60℃,3h);
(4)重复步骤(3),进行二次喷涂后进行干燥处理,具有光热效应的超疏水材料。
实施例9
(1)通过均匀研磨墨棒得到质量分数10%的墨水,将其均匀涂刷于打印纸,然后置入烘箱(60℃)处理5min。
(2)重复步骤(1),进行二次刷涂后进行干燥处理,得到光热材料。
(3)将0.6g墨粉,1g聚二甲基硅氧烷,0.1g固化剂与25mL乙酸乙酯均匀混合,得到混合分散液。
(4)将步骤(3)中的混合分散液均匀喷涂至步骤(2)所得光热材料表面,喷涂距离为25cm,干燥(60℃,3h)。
(5)重复步骤(4),进行二次喷涂后进行干燥处理,得到具有光热效应的超疏水材料。
对实施例1至3制备的具有光热效应的超疏水材料进行接触角测试(液体为水),结果如图2所示。
对实施例4制备的具有光热效应的超疏水材料进行疏水测试,结果如图3所示,水滴在不同的运动情况下都能保证球形,并能轻易脱离而无液滴残留,说明材料表面具有优异的疏水性与抗液体粘附性。
对实施例4至8制备的具有光热效应的超疏水材料进行太阳光吸收率测试(250nm-2500nm),结果如图4所示。
对实施例9制备的具有光热效应的超疏水材料进行太阳光蒸发测试(一个太阳强度下),结果如图5所示,太阳能蒸发速率达到1.324kg m-2h-1。
对实施例9制备的具有光热效应的超疏水材料进行自清洁测试,结果如图6所示,制备的超疏水光热材料上的粉末杂质为纳米二氧化钛,用滴管将亚甲基蓝溶液滴落至材料表面,液滴会带着杂质滚落,从而实现清洁效果。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种超疏水光热材料的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)将墨水均匀涂刷在基底上,干燥得到光热层;
(2)重复步骤(1)一次以上,得到光热材料;
(3)将碳颗粒、疏水性粘接剂与挥发性溶剂均匀混合,得到混合溶液;
(4)将步骤(3)中所得混合溶液均匀喷涂至步骤(2)所得光热层表面,干燥;
(5)重复步骤(4)一次以上,得到具有光热效应的超疏水材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述混合液中碳颗粒:疏水性粘接剂:溶剂的质量比为0.4~2:0.5~2.5:10~50。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述墨水为松烟墨、油烟墨和漆烟墨磨制墨水中的至少一种;墨水的质量分数为8~12%。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述基底为印刷纸、新闻纸、包装纸、滤纸、卫生纸、无纺布和木板。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中干燥温度为40~100℃,时间为5~60min。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述碳颗粒为活性炭、墨粉、炭黑、碳纤维粉、石墨粉中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述疏水性粘接剂为聚二甲基硅氧烷、植物油、动物油、脂肪酸、蜂蜡、棕榈蜡和壳聚糖中的一种;所述挥发性溶剂为正己烷,乙酸乙酯,氯仿、甲苯、乙醇、异辛烷、二甲苯、四氢萘和四氯化碳中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中,所述喷涂距离为10~50cm,干燥温度为40~100℃,时间为3~6h。
9.一种具有光热效应的超疏水材料,通过权利要求1~8任一项所述方法制备得到。
10.根据权利要求9所述的具有光热效应的超疏水材料在太阳能蒸发、除冰领域的应用。
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