CN115583908B - 一种吲哚甲酰胺类化合物及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
一种吲哚甲酰胺类化合物及其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于医药技术领域,涉及一种吲哚甲酰胺类化合物及其制备方法和用途。所述吲哚甲酰胺类化合物如下通式(I)所示。本发明化合物稳定性更高、活性更好,可以用于预防或治疗肾病、败血症、关节炎、肺动脉高压或肿瘤。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域,涉及一种吲哚甲酰胺类化合物及其制备方法和用途。
背景技术
经典瞬时受体电位通道(transient receptor potential canonical channels,TRPCs)是具有非选择性(Ca2+,K+,Na+)和渗透性的阳离子通道。它们在许多组织中广泛表达,包括肺、心脏、大脑、胎盘、肾上腺、视网膜内皮、睾丸和肾脏,在人类许多生理和病理过程中起着至关重要的作用,参与了多种发病机制。[D.J.COSENS A M.Abnormalelectroretinogram from a Drosophila mutant.Nature,1969,224(5216):285-287.]
TRPC6是经典瞬时受体电位阳离子通道家族成员之一,由931个氨基酸组成,具有六次跨膜结构。目前的研究发现,TRPC6广泛分布于哺乳动物的各个组织中,包括脑、心脏、肾脏、肺等多个重要器官,并且在血管平滑肌收缩、足细胞信号转导、中枢神经发育和疼痛调节等多种生理过程中发挥重要的作用。TRPC6蛋白作为组成细胞膜Ca2+通道的分子基础,主要参与介导受体调节钙内流(ROCE)。其异常表达或基因突变可引起细胞内Ca2+信号通路改变,参与众多疾病发生。
在心血管系统中,TRPC6作为钙调神经磷酸酶(NFAT)信号传导的正向调节因子,通过介导ROCE导致活化T细胞核因子(NFAT)活化,对心脏功能产生调控作用,与心肌肥厚、心肌缺血再灌注损伤、心律失常和心肌梗死的发病机制有重要关联[贺细菊.TRPC3/6通道在心肌缺血再灌注损伤过程中的作用及其机制研究.华中科技大学博士学位论文.2015年]。TRPC6在心肌肥厚的发生发展过程中发挥重要作用[Houser SR,Molkentin JD.Doescontractile Ca2+control calcineurin-NFAT signaling and pathologicalhypertrophy in cardiac myocytes Sci.Signal,2008,1(25):pe31]。TRPC6与牵张诱发的心率失常也有关[文海若,谢来华.心力衰竭治疗新靶点经典型瞬时受体电位通道的研究进展.生理科学进展.2018,49(2):157-159]。TRPC6在心血管系统的调控还包括血压的调节。血管收缩神经递质和部分激素,如去甲肾上腺素、血管紧张素Ⅱ和血管加压素等能够激活TRPC6通道,增加Ca2+跨膜转运速率,从而增大血管张力,同时促进血管平滑肌细胞的增殖,这种由TRPC6通道介导的Ca2+失调被认为是原发性高血压发生的机制之一[Inoue R,OkadaT,Onoue H,et al.The transient receptor potential protein homologue TRP6 isthe essential component of vascular alpha(1)-adrenoceptor-activated Ca2+-permeable cation channel.Circ.Res.,2001,88(3):325-332]。在血管相关疾病发生发展过程中,TRPC6也参与了调控。TRPC6存在于肺动脉平滑肌中,低氧诱导其表达升高,从而增加ROCE,细胞内钙浓度的升高使肺血管平滑肌细胞增殖,肺动脉管壁增厚,管腔变窄,最终形成缺氧性肺动脉高压[Kuhr FK,Smith KA,Song MY,et al.New mechanisms ofpulmonary arterial hypertension:role of Ca2+signaling,Am.J.Physiol.HeartCirc.Physiol.,2012,302(8):H1546-1562]。TRPC6在人和小鼠动脉粥样硬化的斑块中表达均显著升高;Trpc6基因敲除后,小鼠颈动脉超声结果发现:动脉粥样硬化引起的血管内径狭窄、血管壁增厚和血流阻力指数增大等血管功能障碍均得到显著改善,斑块面积明显下降,斑块稳定性显著增加,故TRPC6也是潜在的动脉粥样硬化治疗新靶点[刘笑笑.TRPC6通道在动脉粥样硬化中的作用及机制研究.中国人民解放军空军军医大学硕士学位论文.2018年]。
TRPC6可加速多种获得性肾小球疾病的进展,如与自身免疫性肾小球肾炎相关的肾小球硬化、原发性和继发性局灶节段性肾小球硬化(focal segmentalglomerulosclerosis,FSGS)等。TRPC6通道的过度激活和TRPC6基因突变均可导致肾小球损伤。TRPC6是足细胞裂孔隔膜蛋白之一,其主要是通过介导钙离子内流而发挥作用。在糖尿病肾病中,活性氧和血管紧张素(angiotensin,Ang)可导致TRPC6介导的Ca2+内流急剧增加,是引起足细胞肥大和死亡的两大主要因素,TRPC6重要性的参与了糖尿病肾病的调控。klotho蛋白是已知的对肾脏纤维化具有抑制作用的蛋白。研究发现,在野生型小鼠中,可溶性klotho可显著减少梗阻诱导的肾纤维化,而在TRPC6敲除小鼠中则没有,说明抑制klotho和TRPC6可能是通过同一途径起到抑制梗阻诱导的肾纤维化的作用。因而,TRPC6也是治疗肾纤维化的药物靶点。TRPC6基因敲除TRPC6可减轻小鼠单侧输尿管梗阻(unilateralureteral obstruction,UUO)诱导的间质纤维化,因此,抑制TRPC6成为治疗慢性阻塞性肾病慢性肾衰竭的一种有前景的新治疗策略[Winn MP,Conlon PJ,Lynn K.L.,et al.Amutation in the TRPC6 cation channel causes familial focal segmentalglomerulosclerosis,Science,2005,308(5729):1801-1804;Moller CC,Wei C,AltintasMM,et al.Induction of TRPC6 channel in acquired forms of proteinuric kidneydisease.J.Am.Soc.Nephrol.,2007,18(1):29-36;李礼,王彩丽.足细胞TRPC6与糖尿病肾病相关的研究进展.医学综述,2014,20(5):872-874;韩慧蓉.NOD2通过调控TRPC6离子通道的表达及活性参与高同型半胱氨酸血症引起的肾损伤.山东大学博士学位论文.2014年]。
TRPC6也与炎症的发展密切相关。Trpc6基因的缺失可通过调控钙调蛋白抑制Toll样受体4相关信号通路,进而抑制核因子-B(NF-κB)和丝裂原激活的蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号通路,减轻内毒素所致心肌组织的炎性病理损伤,改善心功能障碍,从而提高内毒素血症动物的生存率[肖雄.TRPC:内毒素血症致心功能障碍的药物治疗新靶点初探.第四军医大学硕士学位论文.2017年]。在小鼠1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)诱导的神经炎症模型中检测发现,TRPC6在小胶质细胞的表达上调,而Trpc6基因的敲除可增加小胶质细胞中cryαB蛋白水平,并降低炎症因子的表达,从而减少炎症导致的多巴胺能神经元的损伤[王淑贞,尹红,钟耀艺,等.敲除TRPC6对MPTP诱导小鼠神经炎性损伤的影响.中国比较医学杂志.2017,27(12):1-7]。此外,炎性滑膜炎导致的关节破坏是类风湿关节炎的典型病理过程,IL-1β可通过诱导成纤维细胞样滑膜细胞的增殖参与该过程;类风湿关节炎患者滑膜组织中TRPC6的mRNA表达水平相对于骨关节炎患者明显增加,而沉默TRPC6后,对IL-1β诱导的类风湿关节炎成纤维细胞样滑膜细胞的增殖有明显抑制。因此,TRPC6可能在类风湿关节炎的疾病发生发展中发挥重要作用[刘贵旺,徐大为,张玮琼,等.TRPC6在IL-1β诱导类风湿关节炎成纤维细胞样滑膜细胞增殖中的作用.中国病理生理杂志,2017,33(4):627-634]。另外,采用卵白蛋白致敏激发建立哮喘模型,肺组织中TRPC6的蛋白表达较正常组也显著增加;说明TRPC6可能与哮喘肺组织气道炎症有关,从而参与哮喘的发病[李建华,周丽芬,刘筱蔼,等.TRPC6在哮喘小鼠肺组织中的表达及其与气道炎症的相关性分析.中国老年学杂志,2014,34(5):1317-1319]。
此外,肿瘤细胞的增殖和有丝分裂所需的蛋白质的合成均依赖于细胞内钙浓度的升高,当TRPC6功能异常时,大量Ca2+通过ROCE进入细胞,启动细胞周期促进细胞增殖,TRPC6在人类的多种癌细胞中高表达,包括神经胶质瘤、食管癌、肾癌、胰腺癌、乳腺癌、肺癌、肝癌、结直肠癌等[黄超贤,张萃.TRPC6与疾病研究进展.国际医药卫生导报,2011,17(6):765-767;汪俊峰.STIM1和TRPC6在原发性肝癌中的表达及意义.郑州大学硕士学位论文.2018年]。TRPC6基因的敲低能够通过NFAT途径抑制神经胶质细胞瘤的生长和侵袭,诱导细胞周期停滞在G2/M期[ChigurupatiS,VenkataramanR,BarreraD,et al.Receptor channelTRPC6 is a key mediator of Notch-driven glioblastoma growth andinvasiveness.Cancer Res.,2010,70(1):418-427]。在人食管鳞状细胞癌(OSCC)中TRPC6蛋白质和mRNA水平均明显高于正常人,TRPC6阻断能够抑制食管癌细胞钙浓度的升高和Cdc2激酶的活化,使肿瘤细胞周期停滞在G2期[ShiY,DingX,HeZH,et al.Critical roleof TRPC6 channels in G2 phase transition and the development of humanoesophageal cancer.Gut,2009,58(11):1443-1450]。人肾癌细胞中TRPC6含量比正常人高很多,肝细胞生长因子(HGF)能够上调TRPC6表达并诱导人肾癌细胞增殖,敲低TRPC6能够显著抑制HGF诱导的肾癌细胞增殖[SongJ,WangY,LiX,et al.Critical role of TRPC6channels in the development of human renal cell carcinoma.Mol.Biol.Rep.,2013,40(8):5115-5122;宋佳音.TRPC6在肾癌中的表达及其介导肾癌细胞增殖与迁移的研究.天津医科大学硕士学位论文.2012年]。TRPC6在低转移乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7和高转移乳腺癌细胞系MDA-MB-231中均有表达,可与TRPC3在胞内形成异型复合体调控乳腺癌的生长[AydarE,Yeo S,Djamgoz M,Palmer C.Abnormal expression,localization and interactionof canonical transient receptor potential ion channels in human breast cancercell lines and tissues:a potential target for breast cancer diagnosis andtherapy.Cancer Cell Int.,2009,9:23]。
以上这些研究说明TRPC6功能上调是导致众多疾病的病理机制;TRPC6抑制剂已成为以上众多相关疾病的治疗靶点。因此,TRPC6小分子抑制剂的研究已成为相关领域的研究热点。
根据报道能够显著抑制TRPC6通道介导的Ca2+内流的化合物包括SKF96365[Merritt JE,Armstrong WP,Benham CD,et al.SKF 96365,a novel inhibitor ofreceptor-mediated calcium entry.Biochem.J.,1990,271(2):515-522]、SAR7334[MaierT,Follmann M,Hessler G,et al.Discovery and pharmacological characterizationof a novel potent inhibitor of diacylglycerol-sensitive TRPC cationchannels.Br.J.Pharmacol.,2015,172(14):3650-3660]和胍基衍生物[Guanidinederivatives as TRPC modulators.WO2014016766.2014]。但是,由于TRPC蛋白家族成员众多,且氨基酸序列相似性较高,不同成员间可聚合形成异源四聚体,使得该家族蛋白通道种类众多,针对TRPC6的特异性抑制剂鲜有报道。SAR7334仅对TRPC3/7有不同程度的抑制作用,SKF96365对TRPC家族其他蛋白也具有不同程度的抑制作用。因此,研发新的可靶向TRPC6的特异性抑制剂,对于疾病的治疗具有重要意义。
专利CN2019107285315公开了一种吲哚类化合物在制备药物中的用途,但是其中涉及的化合物存在活性较弱、稳定性较差的突出问题,造成该化合物作为药物应用范围有限。因此,对于活性更好、稳定性更高的吲哚甲酰胺类化合物仍存在需求。
发明内容
针对专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物稳定性较差、活性较弱的缺点,本发明的目的在于提出一种新的吲哚甲酰胺类化合物及其制备方法和用途。本发明的吲哚甲酰胺类化合物具有TRPC6抑制作用,并且稳定性增强、活性提高,更好的满足该化合物临床应用的要求。
为实现上述目的,本发明第一方面是提供下述通式(I)所示的吲哚甲酰胺类化合物或其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐或其酯或其前药:
其中:
R1选自:氢原子、羟基、醛基、卤素、胍基、C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、6~14元芳基、C3-10环烷基、3~10元杂环烷基、5~6元杂芳基、C1-6烷基氧基、6~14元芳基氧基、-OCH2-6~14元芳基、-CF3、-OCHF2、-OCF3、-CN、硝基、羧基、-C(O)O-C1-6烷基、-CH(OH)-C1-6烷基、-CH(O-C1-6烷基)-C1-6烷基、-C(O)N-C1-6烷基、氨基、-NHC(O)-C1-6烷基、-NHC(O)-6~14元芳基、-N-(C1-6烷基)2、-NHSO2-6~14元芳基、-S-C1-6烷基、-SO-C1-6烷基、-SO2-C1-6烷基、-SO2-6~14元芳基或含有1~4个选自N、O和S的杂原子的杂环,或者相邻的两个取代基团与连接原子可形成3~10元环状结构;所述C1-6烷基、6~14元芳基、C3-10环烷基、3~10元杂环烷基及5~6元杂芳基任选被1~5个选自羟基、C1-6烷基、硝基、磺酸基、卤素、氰基、三氟甲基、二氟甲氧基和三氟甲氧基中的取代基取代;所述3~10元杂环烷基和5~6元杂芳基任选含有1~6个选自N、O和S的杂原子;
R2选自:氢原子、C1-10烷基、6~14元芳基、C3-10环烷基、5~10元杂环烷基、5~6元杂芳基、-C(O)-C3-10烷基、氨基、取代氨基、脒基、胍基或金属离子;所述C1-10烷基、6~14元芳基、C3-10环烷基、5~10元杂环烷基或5~6元杂芳基任选被1~2个选自羟基、硝基、卤素、氰基、三氟甲基、C1-6烷氧基、6~8元芳基氧基、三氟甲氧基、二氟甲氧基或C1-6烷基中的取代基取代;所述5~10元杂环烷基及5~6元杂芳基任选含有1~6个选自N、O和S的杂原子。
R1为吲哚母核环3号碳原子上的取代基;R2为酰基上的取代基。
优选地,通式(I)中:
R1选自:氢原子、羟基、醛基、卤素、6~14元芳基、C3-10环烷基、-CN、氨基、硝基、-NHC(O)-6~14元芳基、-N-(C1-6烷基)2或-NHSO2-6~14元芳基,或者相邻的两个取代基团与连接原子形成5~6元环状结构;
R2选自:氢原子、C1-6烷基或苯基。
进一步优选地,通式(I)中:
R1选自:氢原子、醛基、氨基、苯基或苯甲酰胺基,或者相邻的两个取代基团与连接原子形成苯环;
R2选自:氢原子、C1-3烷基或苯基。
进一步优选地,通式(I)所示的吲哚甲酰胺类化合物或其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐或其酯或其前药为下述化合物或其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐或其酯或其前药:
进一步优选地,通式(I)所示的吲哚甲酰胺类化合物或其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐或其酯或其前药为下述化合物或其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐或其酯或其前药:
更进一步优选地,通式(I)所示的吲哚甲酰胺类化合物或其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐或其酯或其溶剂合物或其前药为下述化合物或其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐或其酯或其前药:
本发明所述的“卤素”是指作为取代基的氟、氯、溴或碘。当卤原子作为取代基的时候,其取代的数目为一个以上,包括1个、2个或3个等。
本发明所述的“C1-6烷基”是指含有1至6个碳原子的烷烃上去除一个氢原子衍生的直链或支链的烷基。所述烷基可任选地被1至5个适当取代基,如羟基、硝基、磺酸基、卤素、氰基、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基或二氟甲氧基取代。
本发明所述的“C2-6烯基”是指含有碳碳双键的碳原子数为2至6的直链或支链或环状的烯基。所述烯基可任选地被1至5个适当取代基,如羟基、硝基、磺酸基、卤素、氰基、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基或二氟甲氧基取代。
本发明所述的“C2-6炔基”是指含有碳碳三键的碳原子数为2至6的直链或支链或环状的炔基。所述炔基可任选地被1至5个适当取代基,如羟基、硝基、磺酸基、卤素、氰基、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基或二氟甲氧基取代。
本发明所述的“C3-10环烷基”是含有3至10个碳原子的由单、双或三环构成的完全氢化的非芳香族环。因此,环烷基可为典型地含有3至7个环原子的单环。实例包括但不限于环丙基、环丁基、环戊基及环己基。可替代地,2或3个环可一起稠合,诸如双环癸烷基和十氢萘基。同时,“环烷基”也包括桥联双环烷基系统,诸如但不限于双环[2.2.1]庚烷和双环[1.1.1]戊烷。所述环烷基可任选地被1至5个适当取代基,如羟基、硝基、磺酸基、卤素、氰基、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基或二氟甲氧基取代。
本发明所述的“C1-6烷基氧基”是指“C1-6烷基”通过-O-与其它部分相连接所衍生的基团。
本发明所述的“6~14元芳基”是指环原子为6~14元碳原子的环状芳香基团,包括6~8元单环芳基和8~14元稠环芳基。6~8元单环芳基是指全部不饱和的芳基,8~14元稠环芳基是指由两个或两个以上环状结构彼此共用两个相邻的碳原子所形成的,至少有一个环全部不饱和的芳香环的环状基团。所述芳基可任选地被1~5个适当取代基,如羟基、硝基、磺酸基、卤素、氰基、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基或二氟甲氧基取代。
本发明所述的“3~10元杂环烷基”是指稳定的3至10元单环,表示含有1、2、3或4个杂原子(N、O或S)和3至9个碳原子的由1至3个环构成的单价饱和基团,其中的氮和硫杂原子可被选择性地氧化,且氮杂原子可被选择性地季铵化,优选5元和6元杂环。杂环烷基的实例包括但不限于:任选取代的哌啶基、哌嗪基、高哌嗪基、吡咯烷基、吡唑烷基、咪唑啉基、咪唑烷基、吡啶基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、噁唑烷基、异噁唑烷基、吗啉基、噻唑烷基、异噻唑烷基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、苯并咪唑基、噻二唑烷基、苯并噻唑烷基、苯并噁唑烷基、二氢呋喃基、四氢呋喃基、二氢吡喃基、四氢吡喃基、硫吗啉基、硫吗啉亚砜、硫吗啉砜、二氢喹啉基、四氢喹啉基、四氢异喹啉基等。
本发明所述的“5~6元杂芳基”是指含有5至6个环原子的芳香族环结构,其中所述环原子中的至少一者为杂原子(N、O或S)且其余环原子独立地选自碳、氧、氮及硫。杂芳基取代基的实例包括6元环取代基(诸如吡啶基、吡嗪基、嘧啶基及哒嗪基)和5元环取代基(诸如三唑基、咪唑基、呋喃基、噻吩基、吡唑基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、噻唑基、1,2,3-、1,2,4-、1,2,5-或1,3,4-噁二唑基及异噻唑基)。在具有杂芳基取代基的基团中,所述杂芳基取代基与所述基团键结的环原子可为所述杂原子中的一者,或其可为环碳原子。类似地,若所述杂芳基取代基转而被基团或取代基取代,则所述基团或取代基可与所述杂原子中的一者键结,或其可与环碳原子键结。“杂芳基”亦包括吡啶基N-氧化物和含有吡啶N-氧化物环的基团。
本发明所述的“盐”是指药学上可接受的盐,“药学上可接受的盐”指通式(I)的化合物与酸或碱结合而制备的盐,所述酸的阴离子或所述碱的阳离子通常被认为适于人体使用。所述盐通常通过适当的无机酸或有机酸与游离碱反应而制备。包括衍生自无机酸(如氢氯酸、氢溴酸、氢氟酸、硼酸、氟硼酸、磷酸、偏磷酸、硝酸、碳酸、磺酸及硫酸)和有机酸(诸如乙酸、苯磺酸、苯甲酸、柠檬酸、乙磺酸、反丁烯二酸、葡萄糖酸、乙醇酸、2-羟乙磺酸、乳酸、乳糖酸、顺丁烯二酸、苹果酸、甲磺酸、三氟甲磺酸、丁二酸、甲苯磺酸、酒石酸及三氟乙酸)的盐。适当的有机酸通常包括例如脂族、环脂族、芳香族、芳脂族、杂环、羧酸及磺酸类有机酸。
适当的有机酸盐的特定实例包括乙酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、甲酸盐、丙酸盐、丁二酸盐、乙醇酸盐、葡萄糖酸盐、二葡萄糖酸盐、乳酸盐、苹果酸盐、酒石酸盐、柠檬酸盐、抗坏血酸盐、葡萄糖醛酸盐、顺丁烯二酸盐、反丁烯二酸盐、丙酮酸盐、天冬氨酸盐、谷氨酸盐、苯甲酸盐、邻氨基苯甲酸盐、硬脂酸盐、水杨酸盐、对羟基苯甲酸盐、苯乙酸盐、扁桃酸盐、双羟萘酸盐(扑酸盐)、甲磺酸盐、乙磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐、泛酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐、2-羟基乙磺酸盐、对氨基苯磺酸盐、环己基氨基磺酸盐、海藻酸盐、β-羟基丁酸盐、粘酸盐、半乳糖醛酸盐、己二酸盐、藻酸盐、丁酸盐、樟脑酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、环戊烷丙酸盐、十二烷基硫酸盐、葡糖庚酸盐、甘油磷酸盐、庚酸盐、己酸盐、烟酸盐、2-萘磺酸盐、草酸盐、果胶酸盐、3-苯基丙酸盐、苦味酸盐、新戊酸盐、硫氰酸盐及十一酸盐。
当本发明的化合物带有酸性基团时,其适当的药学上可接受的盐可包括碱金属盐(如钠盐或钾盐)、碱土金属盐(如钙盐或镁盐)及与适当的有机配体形成的盐(如季铵盐)。另外还有其他形式碱盐,包括铝盐、精氨酸盐、苄星青霉素(benzathine)盐、胆碱盐、二乙胺盐、二乙醇胺盐、甘氨酸盐、赖氨酸盐、葡甲胺盐、胆胺盐、氨丁三醇盐及锌盐。有机盐可由仲胺、叔胺或季胺(如氨丁三醇、二乙胺、N,N’-二苄基乙二胺、氯普罗卡因、胆碱、二乙醇胺、乙二胺、N-甲基葡糖胺及普罗卡因)。
本发明所述的“酯”是指本发明所提供的化合物中存在的羟基与适当的酸(如羧酸或含氧无机酸)形成的酯。适宜的酯基团包括但不限于,甲酸酯、乙酸酯、丙酸酯、丁酸酯、苯甲酸酯、丙烯酸酯、乙基琥珀酸酯、硬脂肪酸酯或棕榈酸酯。
本发明所述的“异构体”包括化合物的顺式和反式异构体、光学异构体(诸如R和S对映异构体)、非对映异构体、几何异构体、旋转异构体、构象异构体及互变异构体,包括显示超过1种异构现象的化合物;及其混合物(如外消旋物和非对应异构体)。同时也包括化合物盐的形式,比如D-乳酸盐或L-赖氨酸;或外消旋形式的,例如DL-酒石酸盐或DL-精氨酸。
本发明第二方面提供上述通式(I)所示的吲哚甲酰胺类化合物或其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐或其酯或其前药的制备方法。所述制备方法包括下述两种通用方法中的任意一种,具体合成方法因加入反应原料的不同而各有差异。
方法1:
其中,R1、R2的定义同前;
分别将化合物A溶于无水二氯甲烷(CH2Cl2)中,1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDCI)溶于无水CH2Cl2中,β-丙氨酸乙酯和4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)溶于CH2Cl2中,然后将上述三种溶液混合,冰浴下搅拌反应后移置室温下反应,薄层色谱法监测反应完全;逐滴加入饱和NH4Cl溶液淬灭反应,CH2Cl2萃取,收集下层溶液经无水Na2SO4干燥、过滤、浓缩,经柱层析纯化,得到产物B;
用无水四氢呋喃(THF)溶解上一步所得产物B,开启搅拌,逐滴加入浓度为1mol/L的二异丁基氢化铝(DIBAl-H),保持0℃反应;薄层色谱法监测反应完全;然后逐滴加入甲醇(MeOH)以淬灭反应,再加入少量甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)以稀释反应体系,最后加入饱和酒石酸钾钠溶液进一步淬灭,持续搅拌至反应体系澄清;澄清后,用乙酸乙酯(EtOAc)萃取,合并有机相,用少量饱和食盐水洗涤,再用无水Na2SO4干燥有机相,静置片刻后浓缩,柱层析纯化,得到产物C;
用无水CH2Cl2溶解上一步的产物C,并开启搅拌;再于常温下先后加入三乙基胺和DMAP,最后滴加化合物R2COOH或其酸酐、或其酰氯R2COCl,开启反应;薄层色谱法监测反应完全;逐滴加入饱和NH4Cl溶液淬灭反应,用EtOAc萃取,合并有机相,用少量饱和食盐水洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥、过滤、浓缩,经柱层析纯化,得到产物D。
方法2:
其中,R1、R2的定义同前;
将3-氨基丙醇溶解于无水CH2Cl2中,加入咪唑(imidazole)和4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP),最后加入三乙基氯硅烷(TESCl),常温搅拌,薄层色谱法监测反应完全;逐滴加入饱和NH4Cl溶液淬灭反应,用乙酸乙酯(EtOAc)萃取,合并有机相,用少量饱和食盐水洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥、过滤、浓缩,经柱层析纯化,得到3-三乙基硅氧基-1-丙胺;
分别将化合物A溶于无水CH2Cl2中,1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDCI)溶于无水CH2Cl2中,3-三乙基硅氧基-1-丙胺和DMAP溶于无水CH2Cl2中,然后将上述三种溶液混合,冰浴下搅拌反应后移置室温下反应,薄层色谱法监测反应完全;CH2Cl2萃取,收集下层溶液经无水Na2SO4干燥过夜、过滤、浓缩,经柱层析纯化,得到产物E;
将化合物E溶于无水四氢呋喃(THF),加入少量四丁基氟化铵(TBAF),常温搅拌,薄层色谱法监测反应完全。逐滴加入饱和NH4Cl溶液淬灭反应,用EtOAc萃取,合并有机相,用少量饱和食盐水洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥、过滤、浓缩,经柱层析纯化,得到产物C;
用无水CH2Cl2溶解上一步的产物C,并开启搅拌;再于常温下先后加入三乙基胺(Et3N)和DMAP,最后滴加化合物R2COOH或其酸酐、或其酰氯R2COCl,开启反应;薄层色谱法监测反应完全;逐滴加入饱和NH4Cl溶液淬灭反应,用EtOAc萃取,合并有机相,用少量饱和食盐水洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥、过滤、浓缩,经柱层析纯化,得到产物D。
本领域技术人员可以理解,对于不同化合物的具体合成方法因加入反应原料的不同而各有差异。
本发明第三方面提供本发明通式(I)所示的吲哚甲酰胺类化合物或其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐或其酯或其前药在制备TRPC6抑制剂的药物中的用途。
优选地,本发明提供通式(I)所示的吲哚甲酰胺类化合物或其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐或其酯或其前药在制备TRPC6通道介导的Ca2+内流的抑制剂中的用途。
优选地,本发明提供通式(I)所示的吲哚甲酰胺类化合物或其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐或其酯或其前药在制备用于预防或治疗肾病、败血症、关节炎、肺动脉高压或肿瘤的药物中的用途。
优选地,所述肾病为原发性的肾小球疾病,包括原发性肾病综合症、IgA肾病、急进性肾小球肾炎、局灶节段性肾小球硬化、肾纤维化、特发性膜性肾病、膜增生性肾小球肾炎;代谢病相关肾损害,包括糖尿病肾病、高尿酸肾病、肥胖相关性肾小球病;慢性肾衰竭,包括肾性贫血和慢性肾衰竭造成的心血管并发症;感染相关性肾损害,包括乙型肝炎病毒相关性肾炎、感染性心内膜炎肾损害。
优选地,所述败血症包括各种不同致病菌所引起的败血症及败血性休克;包括但不限于:金葡菌败血症、表葡菌败血症、肠球菌败血症、革兰阴性杆菌败血症、厌氧菌败血症、真菌败血症及败血性休克。
优选地,所述肺动脉高压包括但不限于:动脉性肺动脉高压、左心疾病所致肺动脉高压、缺氧和/或肺部疾病引起的肺动脉高压、慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压、多种机制和/或不明机制引起的肺动脉高压。
优选地,所述肿瘤包括恶性肿瘤;所述恶性肿瘤包括但不限于:神经胶质瘤、食管癌、肾癌、胰腺癌、乳腺癌、肺癌、肝癌、结直肠癌。
本发明第四方面提供一种药物组合物,其含有通式(I)所示的吲哚甲酰胺类化合物或其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐或其酯或其前药以及药学上可接受的辅料。
优选地,所述药物组合物的剂型可以为片剂、丸剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、散剂、糖浆剂、膜剂、软膏剂、栓剂、混悬剂、注射剂、脂质体、凝胶剂、气(粉)雾剂、喷雾剂。
所述药物组合物可以用本领域已知的方式配制成临床或药学上可接受的任一剂型,以口服、舌下、胃肠外、直肠、皮肤或经肺给药等方式用于需要预防或治疗的患者。用于口服给药时,可制成片剂、丸剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、散剂、膜剂、糖浆剂、混悬剂。用于舌下给药时,可制成片剂、丸剂、颗粒剂、膜剂、散剂。用于胃肠外给药时,可制成注射剂,包括注射液、注射用无菌粉末、注射用浓溶液、脂质体注射液等。用于直肠给药时,可制成栓剂。用于皮肤给药时,可制成软膏剂、凝胶剂、膜剂等。用于经肺给药时,可制成气(粉)雾剂、喷雾剂等。
本发明通式(I)所示的吲哚甲酰胺类化合物或其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐或其酯或其前药与CN2019107285315公开的化合物相比稳定性明显增强,在预防或治疗肾病、败血症、关节炎、肺动脉高压或肿瘤等需要长期用药的疾病过程中药物成分不会发生显著变化,疗效稳定、持久。更为重要的是,与专利CN2019107285315公开的化合物相比,本发明通式(I)所示的吲哚甲酰胺类化合物或其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐或其酯或其前药对钙通道的阻断作用更强,预防或治疗肾病、败血症、关节炎、肺动脉高压或肿瘤等疾病的活性更高,效果显著。
附图说明
图1为本发明化合物1-1对FSGS引起的肾组织苏木精-伊红染色、过碘酸雪夫染色和天狼星红染色的图。注:化合物0-1为专利CN2019107285315公开的活性最显著的吲哚类化合物3-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]丙酸。
图2为本发明化合物1-1对肾纤维化肾组织苏木精-伊红染色、马松和天狼星红染色的图。注:化合物0-1为专利CN2019107285315公开的活性最显著的吲哚类化合物3-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]丙酸。
具体实施方式
下面列举典型实施例,对本发明进一步说明,但不以任何形式构成对本发明的限制。
实施例1:3-[(3-甲酰基-1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]乙酸丙酯(化合物1-1)的制备
步骤1:3-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]丙酸乙酯的制备
无水条件下,0℃环境中,用无水CH2Cl2(10mL)溶解化合物1-甲基-2-吲哚甲酸(490mg,2.8mmol,1eq.),开启搅拌。然后分别加入呈粉末状的固体DMAP(596.4mg,4.76mmol,1.7eq.)和固体EDCI(609mg,3.08mmol,1.1eq.),最后加入β-丙氨酸乙酯盐酸盐粉末(488.6mg,3.08mmol,1.1eq.)开始反应。薄层色谱法对反应进程进行监测(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=2:1)。待冰水浴自然融化后,在室温条件下继续反应,约12h至反应完全。然后滴加饱和氯化铵(NH4Cl)溶液以淬灭反应。用乙酸乙酯(EtOAc)萃取,合并有机相,用饱和食盐水洗涤,再用无水硫酸钠(Na2SO4)干燥有机相,静置片刻后蒸发浓缩,得到粗产品。柱色谱对粗品进行纯化,经分离纯化得到700mg(2.52mmol)3-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]丙酸乙酯衍生物,收率为89%。
步骤2:将化合物末端酯基还原成醇羟基。
无水无氧条件下,0℃环境中,用无水四氢呋喃(THF,15mL)溶解上一步所得产物621.4mg(2mmol,1eq.),开启搅拌。逐滴加入浓度为1mol/L的二异丁基氢化铝(DIBAl-H,8mL),保持0℃反应。通过薄层色谱法对反应进程进行监测(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=1:1)。然后逐滴加入甲醇(MeOH,5mL)以淬灭反应,再加入少量甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)以稀释反应体系,最后加入饱和酒石酸钾钠溶液进一步淬灭,持续搅拌至反应体系澄清。澄清后,用EtOAc萃取,合并有机相,用少量饱和食盐水洗涤,再用无水Na2SO4干燥有机相,静置片刻后旋蒸浓缩,得到粗产品。使用柱色谱对粗品进行纯化,经分离纯化得到236.4mg(0.86mmol)产物,收率为44%。
步骤3:碳链末端醇羟基的酯化反应。
无水条件下,常温环境中,用无水CH2Cl2(10mL)溶解上一步的产物共222.2mg(0.83mmol,1eq.),并开启搅拌。再于常温下先后加入三乙基胺(Et3N,0.23mL,1.66mmol,2eq.)和DMAP(10mg,0.08mmol,0.1eq.),最后滴加乙酸酐(Ac2O,0.11mL,1.25mmol,1.5eq.)开启反应。通过薄层色谱法对反应进程进行监测(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=1:1)。逐滴加入饱和NH4Cl溶液淬灭反应,用EtOAc萃取,合并有机相,用少量饱和食盐水洗涤,再用无水Na2SO4干燥有机相,静置片刻后旋蒸浓缩,得到粗产品。使用柱色谱对粗品进行纯化,经分离纯化得到205.4mg(0.75mmol)产物,收率为90%。
步骤4:利用Vilsmeier-Haack反应在吲哚3号碳原子上引入醛基。
首先是二取代甲酰胺磷酰氯的制备,无水无氧条件下,0℃环境中,分别加入DMF(3mL)和POCl3(0.12mL),使其于0℃下混合搅拌30分钟,然后撤去冰水浴,继续混合搅拌30分钟,即可制得反应所需的二取代甲酰胺磷酰氯。然后在无水无氧条件下,0℃环境中,逐滴加入DMF(3mL)以溶解上一步所得产物198.5mg(0.74mmol,1eq.)。再将溶解后的原料逐滴加入到制备好的二取代甲酰胺磷酰氯中去,然后再用DMF(1.5mL)重复这一过程两次。滴加完毕撤去冰水浴,逐渐升温至50℃持续反应。
通过薄层色谱法对反应进程进行监测,约5小时后反应完全。然后加入少量MTBE以稀释反应体系,加少量蒸馏水持续搅拌约30分钟以淬灭反应。用EtOAc萃取,合并有机相,用少量饱和食盐水洗涤,再用无水Na2SO4干燥有机相,静置片刻后使用旋蒸浓缩,得到粗产品。使用柱色谱对粗品进行纯化,经分离纯化得到89.6mg(0.30mmol)产物,收率为41%。
分子式:C16H18N2O4;分子量:302,ESI-MS m/z:325.11588[M+Na]+;化合物经IR、1HNMR、ESI-MS、13C NMR确证,结构正确,即3-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]乙酸丙酯。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:10.32(s,1H),7.62(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.38(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.31(t,J=7.1Hz,1H),7.16-7.11(m,1H),4.23(t,J=6.7Hz,2H),4.05(s,3H),3.51(q,J=6.4Hz,2H),2.09(s,3H),1.96(p,J=6.3Hz,2H);
13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ:185.19,171.22,160.61,137.56,136.73,127.16,125.28,123.80,119.20,113.88,111.12,62.08,36.80,33.05,28.42,20.99.
实施例2:3-[(3-甲酰基-1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]乙酸丙酯(化合物1-2)的制备
步骤1:对3-氨基丙醇的羟基进行保护。
将3-氨基丙醇(375.5mg,5mmol,1eq.)溶解于无水CH2Cl2中,加入咪唑(imidazole)和4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP),最后加入三乙基氯硅烷(TESCl,1.26mL,7.5mmol,1.5eq.),常温搅拌,薄层色谱法监测反应完全;逐滴加入饱和NH4Cl溶液淬灭反应,用乙酸乙酯(EtOAc)萃取,合并有机相,用少量饱和食盐水洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥、过滤、浓缩,经柱层析纯化,得到3-三乙基硅氧基-1-丙胺;
步骤2:3-三乙基硅氧基-1-丙胺与1-甲基-2-吲哚甲酸的缩合。
分别将1-甲基-2-吲哚甲酸(1000mg,5.75mmol,1.2eq)溶于无水CH2Cl2中,1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDCI)溶于无水CH2Cl2中,3-三乙基硅氧基-1-丙胺和DMAP溶于无水CH2Cl2中,然后将上述三种溶液混合,冰浴下搅拌反应后移置室温下反应,薄层色谱法监测反应完全;CH2Cl2萃取,收集下层溶液经无水Na2SO4干燥过夜、过滤、浓缩,经柱层析纯化,得到此步产物;
步骤3:羟基的脱保护。
将上一步所得产物溶于无水四氢呋喃(THF)中,加入四丁基氟化铵(TBAF,1355.4mg,5.18mmol,1.2eq.),常温搅拌,薄层色谱法监测反应完全。逐滴加入饱和NH4Cl溶液淬灭反应,用EtOAc萃取,合并有机相,用少量饱和食盐水洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥、过滤、浓缩,经柱层析纯化,得到此步产物;
步骤4:碳链末端醇羟基的酯化反应。
无水条件下,常温环境中,用无水CH2Cl2溶解上一步的产物并开启搅拌。再于常温下先后加入三乙基胺(Et3N)和DMAP,最后滴加乙酸酐(Ac2O,0.59mL,6.3mmol,1.5eq.)开启反应。通过薄层色谱法对反应进程进行监测,约40分钟反应完全。逐滴加入饱和NH4Cl溶液淬灭反应,用EtOAc萃取,合并有机相,用少量饱和食盐水洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥、过滤、浓缩,经柱层析纯化,得到此步产物;
步骤5:利用Vilsmeier-Haack反应在吲哚3号碳原子上引入醛基。
首先是二取代甲酰胺磷酰氯的制备,无水无氧条件下,0℃环境中,分别加入DMF和POCl3,使其于0℃下混合搅拌30分钟,然后撤去冰水浴,继续混合搅拌30分钟,即可制得反应所需的二取代甲酰胺磷酰氯。然后在无水无氧条件下,0℃环境中,逐滴加入DMF以溶解上一步所得产物。再将溶解后的原料逐滴加入到制备好的二取代甲酰胺磷酰氯中去,滴加的同时保持0℃环境。滴加完毕撤去冰水浴,逐渐升温至50℃持续反应。通过薄层色谱法对反应进程进行监测,约5小时后反应完全。然后加入少量甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)以稀释反应体系,加少量蒸馏水持续搅拌约30分钟以淬灭反应。用EtOAc萃取,合并有机相,用少量饱和食盐水洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥、过滤、浓缩,经柱层析纯化,得到107.52mg(0.36mmol)产物,总收率为36%。
实施例3:3-[(3-甲酰基-1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]苯甲酸丙酯(化合物2-1)的制备
步骤1:3-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]丙酸乙酯的制备
无水条件下,0℃环境中,用无水二氯甲烷(CH2Cl2,10mL)溶解化合物1-甲基-2-吲哚甲酸(588mg,3.36mmol,1eq.),开启搅拌。然后分别加入呈粉末状的固体DMAP(715.68mg,5.71mmol,1.7eq.)和固体EDCI(730.8mg,3.70mmol,1.1eq.),最后加入β-丙氨酸乙酯盐酸盐粉末(586.32mg,3.70mmol,1.1eq.)开始反应。薄层色谱法对反应进程进行监测。待冰水浴自然融化后,在室温条件下继续反应,约12h至反应完全。然后滴加饱和氯化铵(NH4Cl)溶液以淬灭反应。用乙酸乙酯(EtOAc)萃取,合并有机相,用饱和食盐水洗涤,再用无水硫酸钠(Na2SO4)干燥有机相,静置片刻后蒸发浓缩,得到粗产品。柱色谱对粗品进行纯化,经分离纯化得到840mg(3.02mmol)3-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]丙酸乙酯衍生物,收率为90%。
步骤2:将化合物末端酯基还原成醇羟基。
无水无氧条件下,0℃环境中,用无水四氢呋喃(THF,15mL)溶解上一步所得产物807.82mg(2.6mmol,1eq.),开启搅拌。逐滴加入浓度为1mol/L的二异丁基氢化铝(DIBAl-H,10.4mL),保持0℃反应。通过薄层色谱法对反应进程进行监测(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=1:1),约1.5小时反应完全。然后逐滴加入甲醇(MeOH,5mL)以淬灭反应,再加入少量甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)以稀释反应体系,最后加入饱和酒石酸钾钠溶液进一步淬灭,持续搅拌至反应体系澄清。澄清后,用EtOAc萃取,合并有机相,用少量饱和食盐水洗涤,再用无水Na2SO4干燥有机相,静置片刻后旋蒸浓缩,得到粗产品。使用柱色谱对粗品进行纯化,经分离纯化得到307.32mg(1.12mmol)产物,收率为44%。
步骤3:碳链末端醇羟基的酯化反应。
无水条件下,常温环境中,用无水CH2Cl2(10mL)溶解上一步的产物共296.9mg(1.10mmol,1eq.),并开启搅拌。再于常温下先后加入三乙基胺(Et3N,0.30mL,2.20mmol,2eq.)和DMAP(13.75mg,0.11mmol,0.1eq.),最后滴加苯甲酰氯(BzCl,0.38mL,3.30mmol,3eq.)开启反应。通过薄层色谱法对反应进程进行监测,约40分钟反应完全。逐滴加入饱和NH4Cl溶液淬灭反应,用EtOAc萃取,合并有机相,用少量饱和食盐水洗涤,再用无水Na2SO4干燥有机相,静置片刻后旋蒸浓缩,得到粗产品。使用柱色谱对粗品进行纯化,经分离纯化得到299.5mg(0.89mmol)产物,收率为80%。
步骤4:利用Vilsmeier-Haack反应在吲哚3号碳原子上引入醛基。
首先是二取代甲酰胺磷酰氯的制备,无水无氧条件下,0℃环境中,分别加入DMF(3mL)和POCl3(0.12mL),使其于0℃下混合搅拌30分钟,然后撤去冰水浴,继续混合搅拌30分钟,即可制得反应所需的二取代甲酰胺磷酰氯。然后在无水无氧条件下,0℃环境中,逐滴加入DMF(3mL)以溶解上一步所得产物286.0mg(0.86mmol,1eq.)。再将溶解后的原料逐滴加入到制备好的二取代甲酰胺磷酰氯中去,然后再用DMF(1.5mL)重复这一过程两次。滴加完毕撤去冰水浴,逐渐升温至50℃持续反应。
通过薄层色谱法对反应进程进行监测,约5小时后反应完全。然后加入少量甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)以稀释反应体系,加少量蒸馏水持续搅拌约30分钟以淬灭反应。用EtOAc萃取,合并有机相,用少量饱和食盐水洗涤,再用无水Na2SO4干燥有机相,静置片刻后使用旋蒸浓缩,得到粗产品。使用柱色谱对粗品进行纯化,经分离纯化得到139.2mg(0.38mmol)产物,收率为45%。
分子式:C21H20N2O4;分子量:364.14,ESI-MS m/z:387.13138[M+Na]+;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:10.32(s,1H),8.09-7.97(m,4H),7.42-7.31(m,5H),4.50(t,J=6.2Hz,2H),4.21(s,3H),3.84(s,1H),3.69(t,J=6.1Hz,2H),2.22-2.18(m,2H);
13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ:185.21,166.50,160.45,137.20,132.84,129.98,129.46,128.21,124.93,123.48,119.48,114.07,110.74,62.47,36.92,32.47,28.48.
下述实施例中,对比化合物为专利CN2019107285315中公开的活性最显著的吲哚类化合物3-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]丙酸,结构如下:
实施例4:本发明化合物的稳定性研究
采用高温实验和高湿实验检验化合物1-1、2-1和专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物3-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]丙酸的稳定性。取化合物置于24孔板中,平铺为≤5mm厚的薄层,放入60℃烘箱中10天,分别在第5天和第10天观察外观、TLC鉴别和测定吸光度,与第0天样品进行比较。取一定量的化合物放入密闭棕色的西林瓶内(平铺为≤5mm厚的薄层),然后将其放入装有饱和NaCl溶液的密闭容器中,室温下避光放置10天,在第5天和第10天观察外观、TLC鉴别和测定吸光度,与0天样品比较。
化合物1-1在高温环境放置5天和10天后剩余含量分别为95.4±08%和94.2±0.6%,化合物1-1在高湿环境放置5天和10天后剩余含量分别为93.5±0.4%和90.7±0.3%。化合物2-1在高温环境放置5天和10天后剩余含量分别为93.6±0.6%和91.7±0.5%,化合物2-1在高湿环境放置5天和10天后剩余含量分别为94.2±0.3%和90.1±0.8%。而专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物3-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]丙酸在高温环境放置5天和10天后剩余含量仅为23.1±0.1%和4.2±0.1%,在高湿环境放置5天和10天后剩余含量仅为29.5±0.1%和8.8±0.1%。以上结果表明本发明化合物的稳定性显著强于专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物3-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]丙酸。
上述实验结果说明:专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物稳定性差。而本发明化合物稳定性明显增强,药物成分不会发生显著变化,疗效将会稳定、持久,易于成药。
实施例5:本发明化合物的体外结合TRPC6蛋白的作用
采用微量热泳动(MST)法测定本发明化合物(以实施例1~3所得化合物为例)与TRPC6蛋白的结合能力。方法如下:
蛋白溶液的配制与标记:用PBS-Buffer将TRPC6蛋白干粉(以色列Alomone Labs公司)配制成浓度为10μM的蛋白母液,取35μL至Buffer交换A柱,离心得脱Tris蛋白。向脱Tris蛋白中按蛋白荧光标记试剂盒(型号L001)说明加入34μL Labelling Buffer,混匀后再加3μL NT-647-NHS荧光染料,孵育20min。将蛋白-染料混合液转移至纯化B柱,加300μL PBS-Buffer,离心收集目的蛋白,即荧光标记蛋白TRPC6(终浓度约为2μM)。取180μL目的蛋白、1620μL PBS-Buffer混匀后加9μl吐温-20,混匀,离心得目的蛋白溶液。
化合物溶液的配制:将化合物用DMSO分别配制成浓度为10mM的储存液。取10μL储存液于0.2ml EP管中,加入90μL PBS混合均匀,配制成浓度为1mM的工作液100μL待用。配体梯度稀释共计16个浓度,除第1个梯度外,其余15个梯度分别添加10μL10%DMSO-Buffer,随后向第1及第2个梯度分别添加10μL配体工作液。将第2管中液体混匀后取10μL于第3管,以此稀释至第16管。第16管混匀后取10μL弃掉,待用。
检测分析:分别将10μL蛋白溶液添加至16个化合物梯度稀释液中混匀,以此转移至毛细管,开始上机检测。Load数据,选择MST分析模型后,选择Kd Model获取拟合曲线及结合常数(Kd)。
实验结果:分析收集数据,获取TRPC6蛋白与本发明实施例1和3所得化合物1-1,2-1的Kd分别为11.99±3.61μΜ、19.00±3.15μΜ,而专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物3-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]丙酸的Kd为29.78±0.26μΜ。以上表明本发明化合物与TRPC6蛋白均有显著的亲合作用,且亲和力较专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物更强。
实施例6:本发明化合物对TRPC6蛋白的特异性结合作用
采用微量热泳动(MST)法测定本发明化合物(以实施例1和3所得化合物1-1和2-1为例)与其它TRPC蛋白(如TRPC1、TRPC3、TRPC4、TRPC5和TRPC7)的结合能力。方法如下:
本发明化合物与TRPC1、TRPC3、TRPC4、TRPC5和TRPC7蛋白分别的亲和作用测定方法同实施例5。
实验结果:实施例1和3所得化合物1-1和2-1与TRPC4和TRPC5蛋白结合的Kd值测不出,即无明显结合。化合物1-1与TRPC1、TRPC3和TRPC7蛋白的结合Kd值分为2.94mM、970.17μM和3.04mM;化合物1-1与TRPC6蛋白的亲和强度分别是TRPC1、TRPC3和TRPC7蛋白的245倍、81倍和254倍。实施例3所得化合物2-1与TRPC1、TRPC3和TRPC7蛋白的结合Kd值分别为2.40mM、1.40mM和3.21mM;化合物2-1与TRPC6蛋白的亲和强度分别是TRPC1、TRPC3和TRPC7蛋白的155倍、51倍和160倍。
专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物3-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]丙酸与TRPC1、TRPC3和TRPC7蛋白的结合Kd值分为1.94mM、812.17μM和1.04mM,此化合物与TRPC6蛋白的亲和强度分别是TRPC1、TRPC3和TRPC7蛋白的65倍、27倍和35倍。
本研究表明:本发明化合物与TRPC6蛋白的结合具有高度特异性,且本发明化合物对TRPC6蛋白的结合选择性显著高于专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物。
实施例7:本发明化合物对TRPC6通道介导的Ca2+内流的抑制作用
采用过表达TRPC6蛋白的工具细胞HEK293hTRPC6测定本发明化合物(以实施例1所得化合物1-1为例)对TRPC6通道介导的Ca2+内流的抑制作用。方法如下:
过表达TRPC6蛋白的工具细胞HEK293hTRPC6的建立:人胚肾细胞HEK293置于DMEM培养液(含10%灭活的胎牛血清、100U·ml-1青霉素和100mg·L-1链霉素)中,37℃、5%CO2孵箱中培养。取对数生长期的细胞在50%时加入LV105-TRPC6慢病毒颗粒悬液25μL培养24h后换液。试验设阴性对照组(空载慢病毒)和空白对照组。感染48h后换含2μg/ml嘌呤霉素的培养基至空白组细胞死亡。Western-Blot实验对细胞中TRPC6蛋白的表达量进行检测,验证HEK293hTRPC6细胞构建成功。
化合物对HEK293hTRPC6细胞内钙离子浓度([Ca2+]i)变化的测定:加HEK293hTRPC6细胞悬液置于放有盖玻片的24孔板,37℃、5%CO2培养箱中培养24h,取出细胞爬片置于荧光染料Fura-2/AM中,室温避光孵育20min。取出爬片置于浴槽中央,用无钙台氏液灌流5min后固定在倒置荧光显微镜的载物台上。向浴槽中加入80μM本发明化合物溶液,预孵细胞5min,给予80μM二酰甘油类似物(OAG)激活TRPC6通道,再给予2mM Ca2+,采用TILL离子影像系统(TILLvisION)测量不同激发波长(340nm、380nm)下荧光强度,将胞内荧光探针在不同激发波长发射的荧光强度值代入公式[Ca2+]i=Kd×β×(R-Rmin)/(R-Rmax)。公式中R代表实验测定到的荧光比值(F340/F380);Kd是Fura-2/AM与Ca2+反应的解离常数,生理条件下为386nmol/L;Rmax是Ca2+饱和时(Fura-2/AM全部与Ca2+结合)的F340/F380;Rmin是无Ca2+时的F340/F380;β代表无Ca2+和Ca2+饱和状态下380nm处的荧光强度比值。
实验结果:检测在TRPC6通道开放且细胞外Ca2+存在的条件下,由TRPC6介导的Ca2+内流的量,通过和溶剂对照组比较,判断化合物的实际生物学活性。
通过计算表明本发明化合物1-1抑制TRPC6通道进入细胞的Ca2+较溶剂对照组减少79.88%(0.06±0.01vs.0.30±0.01,P<0.01),而专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物3-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]丙酸抑制TRPC6通道进入细胞的Ca2+较溶剂对照组减少仅为53.92%(0.10±0.01vs.0.22±0.01),表明本发明化合物对钙离子内流的抑制作用显著强于专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物;且对由钙离子内流引起的血压升高、心律失常等也有更强的治疗作用。
实施例8:本发明化合物对TRPC6通道介导的Ca2+内流的半数抑制浓度
采用过表达TRPC6蛋白的工具细胞HEK293hTRPC6测定本发明化合物(以实施例1所得化合物1-1为例)对TRPC6通道介导的Ca2+内流的半数抑制浓度(IC50)。方法如下:过表达TRPC6蛋白的工具细胞HEK293hTRPC6的建立:同实施例7。
化合物对HEK293hTRPC6细胞内钙离子浓度变化的测定:用细胞培养液将化合物母液分别稀释至以下浓度,0.1、0.3、1、3、10、30、100、300、1000、3000nM。加HEK293hTRPC6细胞悬液置于放有盖玻片的24孔板,37℃、5%CO2培养箱中培养24h,取出细胞爬片置于荧光染料Fura-2/AM中,室温避光孵育20min。取出爬片置于浴槽中央,用无钙台氏液灌流5min后固定在倒置荧光显微镜的载物台上。给予80μM二酰甘油类似物(OAG)激活TRPC6通道,再给予2mMCa2+,采用TILL离子影像系统(TILLvisION)测量不同激发波长(340nm、380nm)下荧光强度,将胞内荧光探针在不同激发波长发射的荧光强度值代入公式[Ca2+]i=Kd×β×(R-Rmin)/(R-Rmax)。公式中R代表实验测定到的荧光比值(F340/F380);Kd是Fura-2/AM与Ca2+反应的解离常数,生理条件下为386nmol/l;Rmax是Ca2+饱和时(Fura-2/AM全部与Ca2+结合)的F340/F380;Rmin是无Ca2+时的F340/F380;β代表无Ca2+和Ca2+饱和状态下380nm处的荧光强度比值。每个浓度重复3次,每张细胞爬片选取10个左右细胞。使用GraphPad Prism软件拟合量效曲线,并计算IC50。
实验结果:实施例1所得化合物1-1对TRPC6通道介导的Ca2+内流具有良好的浓度依赖性抑制作用,经计算IC50为11.43nM,而专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物3-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]丙酸对TRPC6通道介导的Ca2+内流的IC50为24.1nM,表明本发明化合物对Ca2+内流的抑制作用显著强于专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物。在相同浓度下,本发明化合物对TRPC6通道介导的Ca2+内流抑制作用大于专利CN2019107285315公开的活性最好的吲哚类化合物3-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]丙酸的作用两倍。
实施例9:本发明化合物对局灶节段性肾小球硬化的治疗作用
采用小鼠局灶节段性肾小球硬化模型测定本发明化合物(以实施例1所得化合物1-1为例)对肾病的治疗作用。方法如下:
动物分组:40只8周龄雄性Balb/c小鼠随机分为8组:对照组、模型组、模型+化合物1-1低剂量给药组(10mg/kg)、模型+化合物1-1中剂量给药组(25mg/kg)、模型+化合物1-1高剂量给药组(50mg/kg)、模型+专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物3-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]丙酸中剂量给药组(25mg/kg)、模型+阳性对照组(厄贝沙坦50mg/kg)和正常动物给药组(50mg/kg),每组5只,饲养于12h光照/黑暗动物房中。模型为一次性尾静脉注射阿霉素8mg/kg,对照组尾静脉注射等量生理盐水。阿霉素造模后每天固定时间按剂量灌胃给药,对照组和模型组给等量生理盐水灌胃,持续6周,每周记录体重并收集尿液样本。
尿液样本收集:在造模后的第0、7、14、21、28、35、42天将动物按组别置于独立的代谢笼中,禁食不禁水,收集各组小鼠的尿液样本。
考马斯亮蓝(CBB)法检测尿液中蛋白含量:应用尿蛋白定量测试盒(南京建成生物工程研究所)测定。按照试剂盒说明书,配制CBB应用液。尿液样本各0.05ml和CBB应用液3ml混合,静置5min,波长595nm,测定各样吸光度值。按照蛋白标准化计算公式尿蛋白浓度(mg/L)=(测定OD值-空白OD值)/(标准OD值-空白OD值)×563mg/L计算各组尿液样本中蛋白质含量。
血清样本收集:小鼠眼眶取血于EP管中,37℃放置20min,离心取上层血清。
血浆样本收集:小鼠眼眶取血于抗凝管中,混合均匀,4℃保存备用。
二乙酰肟法检测血浆中尿素氮含量:应用血尿素氮(BUN)测试盒(南京建成生物工程研究所)测定。按照试剂盒说明书,抗凝血浆样本0.05ml和肟溶液1ml,酸应用液1ml混合,样品置于沸水中水浴15min,紫外可见分光光度计在波长520nm,测定各管吸光度值。按公式尿素氮浓度(mmol/L)=(测定OD值-空白OD值)/(标准OD值-空白OD值)×10mmol/L计算各组血浆样本中尿素氮含量。
肾组织样本收集:将小鼠麻醉后取肾脏,横向垂直切开,取上半部分包埋于OCT包埋盒中,冰冻切片机切片,-20℃保存。
H&E染色评价肾小球病理性改变:95%乙醇固定冰冻切片2min,蒸馏水水化,苏木素染色3min,蒸馏水洗3min,1%盐酸乙醇分化10s,蒸馏水洗30s,流水返蓝5min,蒸馏水洗30s,伊红复染30s,75%乙醇、85%乙醇各20s,95%乙醇快速脱水1min,无水乙醇脱水,二甲苯透明(1min×3),最后用中性树胶封片,生物显微镜拍照。
PAS染色评价肾小球系膜区和基底膜病变:蒸馏水浸洗冰冻切片,过碘酸溶液氧化10min后自来水充分冲洗;样本放入雪夫试剂中浸染30min,自来水冲洗10min;苏木素染色液染色3min,自来水冲洗15min;95%乙醇、无水乙醇脱水,二甲苯透明,最后用中性树胶封片,生物显微镜拍照。
数据统计与分析:采用SPSS22.0软件进行数据分析,所有数据用均数±标准误(Mean±SEM)表示,两组间均数比较使用两样本t检验;多组间均数比较使用单因素方差分析(one-way),组间两两比较使用Turkey法。以显著水平P<0.05表示组间差异有统计学意义。
实验结果:(1)相比对照组,模型组小鼠体重降低了15.8%(29.9±0.6g vs.25.2±0.8g,P<0.01);实施例1所得化合物1-1给药低、中、高剂量组,专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物3-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]丙酸中剂量给药组,以及阳性对照组厄贝沙坦组体重较FSGS组均有升高,表明实施例1所得化合物1-1可改善FSGS引起的小鼠体重下降。
(2)尿蛋白和血清尿素氮是临床主要的检测蛋白尿排出指标。当FSGS发生时,肾功能严重受损,尿蛋白和血清尿素氮含量均升高。相比空白对照组,模型组小鼠尿蛋白和血清尿素氮含量分别升高了390.1%和82.3%(尿蛋白:547.0±106.3mg/mL vs.111.6±7.27mg/mL,P<0.01;尿素氮:16.08±0.23mmol/L vs.8.82±0.17mmol/L,P<0.001)。阳性药厄贝沙坦组与模型组相比,尿蛋白降低了30.2%(382.0±80.77mg/mL vs.547.0±106.3mg/mL,P<0.01),血清尿素氮降低了9.0%(14.63±0.19mmol/L vs.16.08±0.23mmol/L,P<0.001)。化合物1-1低、中、高剂量给药组尿蛋白和血清尿素氮含量明显降低,其中相比模型组,25mg/kg剂量组的尿蛋白降低了28.6%(390.5±74.6mg/mL vs.547.0±106.3mg/mL,P<0.01),血清尿素氮降低了27.2%(11.7±0.33mmol/L vs.16.08±0.23mmol/L,P<0.001);50mg/kg剂量组的尿蛋白降低了42.7%(312.7±57.57mg/mLvs.547.0±106.3mg/mL,P<0.001),血清尿素氮降低了29.8%(11.29±0.40mmol/Lvs.16.08±0.23mmol/L,P<0.001),作用明显强于阳性药物。比较而言,专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物3-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]丙酸25mg/kg给药组,尿蛋白降低了22.6%(423.4±64.7mg/mL vs.547.0±106.3mg/mL,P<0.01),血清尿素氮降低了20.3%(12.82±0.46mmol/L vs.16.08±0.23mmol/L,P<0.05);药物作用明显不及相同剂量的本发明化合物1-1。以上结果表明化合物1-1也可显著降低FSGS模型小鼠的尿蛋白以及血清尿素氮含量的升高,且对FSGS模型小鼠的治疗作用显著强于同剂量专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物3-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]丙酸。
(3)实施例1所得化合物1-1显著地改善FSGS引起的肾小球病变:肾组织H&E、PAS及天狼星红病理学(图1,为本发明化合物1-1对FSGS引起的肾组织苏木精-伊红染色、过碘酸雪夫染色和天狼星红染色的图。其中化合物0-1为专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物3-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]丙酸。)结果显示,与空白对照组相比,FSGS模型组肾小球系膜基质发生增生,足细胞可见增生和黏连,管壁发生透明样变,可见明显的局灶性节段性硬化;本发明化合物1-1可显著减轻肾小球系膜基质增生,足细胞增生的个数减少和黏连减轻,未见管壁发生透明样变和局灶性节段性硬化;厄贝沙坦组则表现出同样的作用。而在专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物3-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]丙酸给药的小鼠模型中,肾小球系膜基质增生较模型组有所减少,但较本发明化合物1-1较多。以上结果证明,本发明化合物可显著改善FSGS引起的肾小球病变,延缓疾病的发生发展,且对局灶节段性肾小球硬化的治疗作用显著强于同剂量专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物。
实施例10:本发明化合物在肺动脉高压疾病模型中的作用评价
采用野百合碱所致大鼠肺动脉高压模型测定本发明化合物(以实施例1所得化合物1-1为例)对肺动脉高压的防治作用。方法如下:
动物分组:70只SD大鼠,雄性,体重200±20g,随机分为7组,即正常对照组、野百合碱(MCT)模型组、MCT+低剂量化合物1-1给药组(10mg/kg)、MCT+中剂量化合物1-1给药组(25mg/kg)、MCT+高剂量化合物1-1给药组(50mg/kg)、MCT+专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物3-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]丙酸中剂量给药组(25mg/kg)、MCT+西地那非组(150mg/kg),每组10只动物。
实验步骤:将MCT用乙醇和生理盐水(2︰8)混合液配成2%溶液,除正常组外其它组按60mg/kg体重腹腔内一次性注射。正常对照组一次性腹腔注射乙醇与生理盐水按照体积比2︰8配制的溶液。模型制作当天治疗组给予实施例1所得化合物1-1、专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物3-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]丙酸或阳性药西地那非灌胃,正常对照组和MCT模型组予生理盐水灌胃给药。每天灌胃给药1次,连续给药28d,直至检查前12h停药。
血流动力学指标测定:自大鼠右侧颈外静脉插入充有肝素溶液(0.9%氯化钠溶液+肝素10U/m1)的聚乙烯塑料微导管,导管的另一端与微型压力传感器相连监测压力变化,在压力波形的引导下,导管经上腔静脉进入右房、三尖瓣口、右室(RV),最后进入肺动脉干,测定平均肺动脉压(mPAP)等。稳定30min后,应用POWERLAB多道智能生理信号采集和记录系统采集、记录和分析各项指标。
右心室(RV)肥厚指标的测定:实验结束后,剖胸取出心脏,剪去心房组织。沿室间隔边缘分离出RV,左心室(LV)和室间隔(S),用滤纸吸干水分后称量RV,LV和S的重量,以RV/(LV+S)比值来反映RV肥厚程度。
肺血管病理检测:从右肺下叶相同部位取组织块,置于10%中性甲醛(pH7.4)中固定2天。常规石蜡包埋,连续切片,H&E染色,光镜下观察肺小动脉形态学变化。
对肺组织炎症因子的影响:采集各组大鼠肺组织,制备肺组织匀浆,离心取上清。上清蛋白含量用考马斯亮蓝法测定,大鼠肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)采用ELISA检测试剂盒(北京四正柏生物科技有限公司)测定,按照说明书的实验步骤,分别将标准品和肺组织样本加入相应孔中(100μL/孔),用封板胶纸封住反应孔,37℃温箱孵育90min,洗板;除空白孔外,加入生物素化抗体工作液(100μL/孔),用封板胶纸封住反应孔,37℃温箱孵育60min,洗板;除空白孔外,加入酶结合物工作液(100μL/孔),用封板胶纸封住反应孔,37℃避光孵育30min,洗板;加入显色底物100μL/孔,37℃避光孵育15min;加入终止液100μL/孔,混匀后10min内测量OD450值。
结果:本发明化合物显著地改善MCT模型大鼠血流动力学和右心室肥厚:各组大鼠mPAP和mCAP的变化见表1。模型组大鼠mPAP 33.7±4.3mmHg与正常组大鼠平均肺动脉压16.1±2.8mmHg比较,显著升高(P<0.05),说明MCT处理诱导了明显的PAH。灌胃给予西地那非可显著性抑制大鼠肺动脉压的升高;实施例1所得化合物1-1低、中、高剂量给药组和专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物3-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]丙酸中剂量给药组的mPAP均低于模型组,表明本发明化合物有显著降低MCT诱发的PAH的作用,此作用呈明显的剂量依赖关系。与正常对照组比较,模型组右心室明显肥厚,右心室肥厚指数RV/(LV+S)明显升高(P<0.05),化合物1-1低、中、高剂量给药组和专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物3-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]丙酸中剂量给药组的右心室肥厚指数均低于模型组,化合物可剂量依赖性的降低MCT诱导的RV/(LV+S)明显升高。
从上述这些指标来看,本发明化合物1-1给药组的治疗效果显著高于专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物3-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]丙酸同剂量的治疗效果。
组织病理变化:模型组大鼠肺小动脉病变明显,内皮细胞肿胀,变性,中膜平滑肌明显增生,血管壁呈不规则增厚,管腔狭窄,并伴有管壁及周围炎性细胞浸润。实施例1所得化合物1-1组、专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物3-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]丙酸给药组与模型组相比,肺小动脉病变明显减轻,肺小动脉壁厚度变薄,管腔变大,管壁及周围炎性细胞浸润均减轻。
对肺组织炎症因子的影响:实施例1所得化合物1-1对MCT诱发的大鼠肺组织炎症因子的影响结果见表2。与正常对照组相比,MCT模型组大鼠肺组织促炎性因子TNF-α明显升高(P<0.05),而本发明化合物可明显且剂量依赖性地抑制MCT诱发的TNF-α水平增高(P<0.05)。专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物3-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]丙酸给药虽也可抑制MCT诱发的TNF-α水平增高,但在25mg/kg给药时只能使TNF-α含量较MCT模型减少37.2%,远不及本发明化合物1-1同剂量25mg/kg给药的58.5%。以上结果表明,本发明化合物能够剂量依赖性地改善野百合碱所致大鼠肺动脉高压,能够显著抑制肺小动脉病变及周围炎性细胞浸润,延缓疾病的发生发展进程,且对肺动脉高压疾病的治疗作用显著强于专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物。
表1本发明化合物对MCT模型大鼠血流动力学指标和右心室肥厚指标的影响
*与对照组相比,#与MCT组相比,P<0.05
表2本发明化合物对MCT模型大鼠肺组织中TNF-α含量的影响
*与对照组相比,#与MCT组相比,P<0.05
实施例11:本发明化合物对败血症模型动物生存时间的影响
采用脂多糖(LPS)所致小鼠败血症模型测定本发明化合物(以实施例1和3所得化合物1-1和2-1为例)对败血症的防治作用。方法如下:
实验动物:C57BL/6J小鼠60只,雄性,6~8周龄。实验动物饲养环境:室温为25±2℃,12h黑暗/光亮的环境培养,使用常规饲料喂养。
生存分析实验:小鼠随机等分为6组,每组10只小鼠,分别为①溶剂对照组:每只动物给予0.9%生理盐水;②败血症小鼠模型组(LPS组):每只动物腹腔注射40mg/kg LPS;③中剂量化合物1-1治疗组(LPS+25mg/kg实施例1所得化合物1-1组):每只动物灌胃给予25mg/kg化合物1-1,30分钟后,腹腔注射40mg/kg LPS;④高剂量化合物1-1治疗组(LPS+50mg/kg实施例1所得化合物1-1组):每只动物灌胃给予50mg/kg化合物1-1,30分钟后,腹腔注射40mg/kg LPS;⑤高剂量化合物2-1治疗组(LPS+50mg/kg实施例2所得化合物2-1组):每只动物灌胃给予50mg/kg化合物2-1,30分钟后,腹腔注射40mg/kg LPS。⑥专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物3-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]丙酸治疗组(LPS+25mg/kg专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物3-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]丙酸组)观察各组小鼠存活情况,记录小鼠死亡时间,计算各组动物平均存活时间。
结果:溶剂对照组动物长期存活;LPS组约12h后小鼠开始出现死亡,约20h小鼠死亡率达到91%以上;分别单次注射不同剂量的化合物1-1后,中、高剂量组小鼠分别从20h和28h开始出现死亡;单次注射高剂量化合物2-1后,小鼠从22h开始出现死亡。LPS组小鼠平均存活时间为15.4±2.9h,中、高剂量化合物1-1给药组小鼠平均存活时间为24.8±3.9h和26.4±4.3h,高剂量化合物2-1给药组小鼠平均存活时间为24.2±4.9h,中剂量专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物3-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]丙酸给药组小鼠平均存活时间为19.8±3.1h,与LPS组比较,本发明化合物可显著延长败血症小鼠的生存时间,且对败血症的治疗作用强于同剂量专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物。
实施例12:本发明化合物对败血症多器官损伤的作用评价
采用脂多糖(LPS)所致小鼠败血症模型测定本发明化合物(以实施例1所得化合物1-1为例)对败血症所致心、肺损伤的防治作用。方法如下:
实验动物及分组:C57BL/6J小鼠50只,雄性,6~8周龄。随机等分为5组,每组10只小鼠,分别为①溶剂对照组:每只动物给予0.9%生理盐水;②败血症小鼠模型组(LPS组):每只动物腹腔注射40mg/kg LPS;③中剂量实施例1化合物1-1治疗组(LPS+25mg/kg实施例1所得化合物1-1组):每只动物灌胃给予25mg/kg化合物1-1,30min后,腹腔注射40mg/kgLPS;④高剂量实施例1化合物1-1治疗组(LPS+50mg/kg实施例1所得化合物1-1组):每只动物灌胃给予50mg/kg化合物1-1,30min后,腹腔注射40mg/kg LPS;⑤中剂量专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物3-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]丙酸组(LPS+25mg/kg专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物3-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]丙酸组):每只动物灌胃给予25mg/kg化合物,30min后,腹腔注射40mg/kg LPS。各组于LPS刺激后4h,分别进行后续研究。
小鼠心功能评价:每组动物取4只进行该测定。使用异氟烷,使小鼠保持适当的麻醉状态,保持自主呼吸状态,仰卧位放置于37℃的恒温垫上,用导电膏将小鼠四肢末端与四个电极相连并固定在超声操作台上。探头涂抹超声耦合剂,将探头置于小鼠左胸骨中下部,实时采集胸骨旁左心室短轴M型超声心动图像;连续采集10个心动周期的动态图像,M型超声扫描,储存图像后脱机分析。通过左室舒张期内径(LVEDD)和左室收缩期内径(LVESD)分别计算左室射血分数(LVEF)和左室短轴缩短率(LVFS)值,公式为LVEF=(LVEDD3–LVESD3)/LVEDD3×100%,LVFS=(LVEDD–LVESD)/LVEDD×100%。
肺系数测定:小鼠称重后,使用戊巴比妥钠注射液麻醉后,开胸取全肺,剔除肺周围组织,滤纸拭干表面水分及血渍,称量肺湿重。肺系数=肺湿重(mg)/小鼠体重(g)×100%。
组织病理学观察:小鼠使用戊巴比妥钠注射液麻醉后,开胸取肺和心脏组织心室部位,置于10%中性甲醛(pH7.4)中固定2天。常规石蜡包埋,连续切片,H&E染色,中性树胶封片,镜下观察。
结果:LVEF和LVFS是反映心脏收缩功能的主要指标。腹腔注射LPS4h后,与溶剂对照组相比,LPS模型组小鼠的左心室收缩功能发生明显的变化,呈现明显的收缩力下降,LVEF和LVFS均比对照组明显降低,见表3。中、高剂量化合物1-1治疗组与LPS组相比,小鼠的左心室收缩功能明显改善,LVEF指标分别为58.7±4.3%和63.8±3.9%;LVFS指标分别为24.5±2.6%和30.7±2.2%。中剂量专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物3-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]丙酸组与LPS组相比,小鼠的左心室收缩功能明显改善,LVEF指标为53.2±3.8%;LVFS指标为22.9±4.0%。以上研究表明:本发明化合物对LPS诱导小鼠心功能障碍有明显改善作用,且其对LPS诱导小鼠心功能障碍的改善作用强于同剂量专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物。
表3本发明化合物对败血症小鼠心功能的影响
*与溶剂对照组相比,#与模型组相比,P<0.05。
本发明所得化合物对肺系数的影响:用肺系数表示肺部含水量,可评估肺部水肿程度。腹腔注射40mg/kg的LPS刺激4h后,与溶剂对照组相比(4.21±0.29%),LPS模型组小鼠的肺系数明显升高7.24%±0.21%(P<0.05);中、高剂量化合物1-1治疗组与LPS组相比,小鼠的肺系数降低,分别为5.16%±0.19%和4.93%±0.12%;中剂量专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物3-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]丙酸治疗组与LPS组相比,小鼠的肺系数降低,为5.48%±0.15%,治疗作用明显弱于同剂量的本发明化合物1-1。
本发明所得化合物减轻LPS诱导小鼠心肌和肺组织病理性损伤:溶剂对照组心肌组织未见炎性细胞浸润;肺组织结构完整,肺泡腔清晰,未见炎性细胞浸润。LPS组心肌组织可见明显间质细胞增多、水肿,间质内有炎性细胞浸润;肺组织可见肺泡隔增宽,肺泡壁结构破坏,部分肺泡内可见出血,肺间质可见大量炎性细胞浸润。分别给予不同剂量本发明化合物和专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物后,模型小鼠心肌组织的炎性损伤有所改善,肺组织病变也轻于模型组,肺泡内出血及炎症细胞浸润减少。
以上研究表明:本发明化合物对LPS诱导的小鼠心、肺功能障碍有十分明显的改善作用,且对LPS诱导小鼠心、肺功能障碍的改善作用强于专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物。
实施例13:本发明化合物在肿瘤模型中的作用评价
采用H22肝癌移植瘤小鼠模型测定本发明化合物(以实施例1所得化合物1-1为例)对肿瘤的防治作用。方法如下:
动物分组:ICR小鼠50只,雄性,18-22g,随机分为5组:溶剂对照组、环磷酰胺(CTX)组(20mg/kg,阳性药)、中剂量化合物1-1治疗组(25mg/kg)、高剂量化合物1-1治疗组(50mg/kg)、中剂量专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物3-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]丙酸治疗组(25mg/kg),每组10只。
实验步骤:H22肝癌细胞悬液,经生理盐水稀释计数后调整至为1×107/mL,以0.2ml/只接种于小鼠后背部,24h后将小鼠称重,每日按0.1ml/10g的容积给药1次,其中溶剂对照组和治疗组分别用0.9%氯化钠溶液和本发明所得化合物灌胃,CTX组腹腔注射;共给药14d。14d后小鼠称重,处死动物,取瘤块分别称重。按下式计算抑瘤率:肿瘤抑瘤率(%)=(1-给药组平均瘤重/溶剂对照组平均瘤重)×100%。
结果:阳性对照CTX组的抑瘤率为60.3%;实施例1所得化合物1-1中、高剂量治疗组的抑瘤率分别为60.5%和69.4%;专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物3-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]丙酸中剂量疗组的抑瘤率为52.8%。表明本发明化合物有显著地抑制H22肝癌移植瘤生长的作用,且抑制H22肝癌移植瘤生长的作用强于专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物。
实施例14:本发明化合物对肾纤维化的治疗作用
采用小鼠肾纤维化模型测定本发明化合物(以实施例1所得化合物1-1为例)对肾纤维化的治疗作用。方法如下:
动物分组与给药:将8周雄性C57BL/6J小鼠适应性饲养3日,分组为假手术组、假手术给药组、单侧输尿管结扎手术(UUO)模型组、低剂量(10mg/kg)给药治疗组、中剂量(25mg/kg)给药治疗组、高剂量(50mg/kg)给药治疗组、中剂量(25mg/kg)专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物3-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]丙酸给药治疗组和阳性对照氯沙坦(50mg/kg)给药治疗组,每组10只。将模型和治疗组小鼠予0.5%戊巴比妥钠0.1mL/10g腹腔注射麻醉,固定于手术台上,从腹中部右侧分层剪开,找到左肾,结扎输尿管两端,同时在两处结扎处之间将输尿管剪断;假手术组进行上述操作,不做结扎。术后脏器复位、缝合,缝合完毕后用碘伏消毒。手术结束后,立即灌胃给药,每日一次,给药共持续14天。尿液样本收集:在造模后的第0、5、10、14天将动物按组别置于独立的代谢笼中,禁食不禁水,收集各组小鼠的尿液样本。
考马斯亮蓝(CBB)法检测尿液中蛋白含量:应用尿蛋白定量测试盒(南京建成生物工程研究所)测定。按照试剂盒说明书,配制CBB应用液。尿液样本各0.05ml和CBB应用液3ml混合,静置5min,波长595nm,测定各样吸光度值。按照蛋白标准化计算公式尿蛋白浓度(mg/L)=(测定OD值-空白OD值)/(标准OD值-空白OD值)×563mg/L计算各组尿液样本中蛋白质含量。
血清样本收集:小鼠眼眶取血于EP管中,37℃放置20min,离心取上层血清。
血浆样本收集:小鼠眼眶取血于抗凝管中,混合均匀,4℃保存备用。
苦味酸比色法检测尿液和血清中肌酐含量:应用肌酐测试盒(南京建成生物工程研究所)测定。按照试剂盒说明书,尿液样本或血清样本1.5ml和苦味酸溶液0.5ml,0.5mol/L氢氧化钠溶液0.5ml混合,37℃水浴10min,紫外分光光度计在波长510nm,测定各样吸光度值。按公式血尿肌酐浓度(μmol/L)=(测定OD值-空白OD值)/(标准OD值-空白OD值)×50μmol/L(×稀释倍数201)计算各组样本中肌酐含量。
二乙酰肟法检测血浆中尿素氮含量:应用血尿素氮(BUN)测试盒(南京建成生物工程研究所)测定。按照试剂盒说明书,抗凝血浆样本0.05ml和肟溶液1ml,酸应用液1ml混合,样品置于沸水中水浴15min,紫外可见分光光度计在波长520nm,测定各管吸光度值。按公式尿素氮浓度(mmol/L)=(测定OD值-空白OD值)/(标准OD值-空白OD值)×10mmol/L计算各组血浆样本中尿素氮含量。
肾组织样本收集:将小鼠麻醉后取肾脏,横向垂直切开,取上半部分包埋于OCT包埋盒中,冰冻切片机切片,-20℃保存。
H&E染色评价肾小球病理性改变:95%乙醇固定冰冻切片2min,蒸馏水水化,苏木素染色3min,蒸馏水洗3min,1%盐酸乙醇分化10s,蒸馏水洗30s,流水返蓝5min,蒸馏水洗30s,伊红复染30s,75%乙醇、85%乙醇各20s,95%乙醇快速脱水1min,无水乙醇脱水,二甲苯透明(1min×3),最后用中性树胶封片,生物显微镜拍照。
数据统计与分析:采用SPSS22.0软件进行数据分析,所有数据用均数±标准误(Mean±SEM)表示,两组间均数比较使用两样本t检验;多组间均数比较使用单因素方差分析(one-way),组间两两比较使用Turkey法。以显著水平P<0.05表示组间差异有统计学意义。
实验结果:称量造模后各组小鼠体重及肾重,结果显示,相比假手术组,模型组小鼠体重降低了18.5%(20.2±1.1g vs.24.8±0.7g,P<0.01),肾重增加了62.5%(0.26±0.02g vs.0.16±0.01g,P<0.01),与UUO模型组相比,化合物1-1低、中、高剂量治疗组、中剂量专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物3-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]丙酸治疗组以及阳性对照氯沙坦治疗组体重均略有升高和肾重均略有降低,但都无统计学差异(P>0.05)。以上结果证明药物不影响UUO模型小鼠的体重及肾重。
相比假手术组,模型组小鼠尿蛋白、血清尿素氮和肌酐含量分别升高了465.6%、79.4%和48.7%(尿蛋白:888.5±264.8mg/mL vs.157.1±13.46mg/mL,P<0.01;血清尿素氮:17.56±0.48mmol/L vs.9.79±0.60mmol/L,P<0.001;血清肌酐:32.48±0.87μmol/Lvs.21.84±0.91μmol/L,P<0.001)。相比模型组,化合物1-1低、中、高剂量治疗组尿蛋白、尿素氮和肌酐含量均明显降低,并呈剂量依赖关系;其中在10mg/kg剂量组,尿蛋白降低了27.4%(645.2±164.6mg/mL vs.888.5±264.8mg/mL,P<0.05),尿素氮和肌酐分别降低了24.7%(13.23±0.62mmol/L vs.17.56±0.48mmol/L,P<0.001)和17.2%(26.88±0.86μmol/L vs.32.48±0.87μmol/L,P<0.001);在25mg/kg剂量组,尿蛋白降低了37.7%(553.5±142.9mg/mL vs.888.5±264.8mg/mL,P<0.01),尿素氮和肌酐分别降低了30.0%(12.30±0.33mmol/L vs.17.56±0.48mmol/L,P<0.001)和20.7%(25.76±1.31μmol/L vs.32.48±0.87μmol/L,P<0.001);在50mg/kg剂量组,尿蛋白降低了52.6%(421.4±82.26mg/mLvs.888.5±264.8mg/mL,P<0.01),尿素氮和肌酐分别降低了37.7%(10.94±0.42mmol/Lvs.17.56±0.48mmol/L,P<0.001)和27.6%(23.52±0.86μmol/L vs.32.48±0.87μmol/L,P<0.001)。中剂量(25mg/kg)专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物3-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]丙酸给药组,尿蛋白降低了30.1%(621.3±81.33mg/mL vs.888.5±264.8mg/mL,P<0.01),尿素氮和肌酐分别降低了20.6%(13.94±0.42mmol/L vs.17.56±0.48mmol/L,P<0.001)和18.3%(26.52±0.86μmol/L vs.32.48±0.87μmol/L,P<0.001)。在阳性对照氯沙坦治疗组,尿蛋白降低了46.6%(474.9±112.5mg/mL vs.888.5±264.8mg/mL,P<0.01),尿素氮和肌酐分别降低了29.7%(12.35±0.37mmol/L vs.17.56±0.48mmol/L,P<0.001)和19.0%和(26.32±1.12μmol/L vs.32.48±0.87μmol/L,P<0.001)。因此,本发明化合物1-1对UUO诱导的小鼠肾纤维化有明显改善作用,且化合物1-1对肾纤维化的改善作用明显强于同剂量专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物3-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]丙酸。
为了研究化合物1-1对UUO模型小鼠肾损伤的影响,使用病理染色法检测了各组小鼠肾纤维化的程度。H&E、Masson及天狼星红染色(图2)结果显示,与假手术组相比,UUO模型组可观察到明显的肾小管管腔扩张,肾小球萎缩,间质发生炎性细胞浸润,大量纤维组织增生;化合物1-1可剂量依赖性显著减轻肾小管管腔扩张和肾小球萎缩,减少间质发生炎性细胞浸润和纤维组织增生,增加上皮细胞的完整性;氯沙坦组则表现出同样的作用;但相比化合物1-1,同剂量专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物3-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-羰基)胺基]丙酸组的纤维组织增生和肾小管管腔扩张等改善作用均要差一些。以上结果明确证明本发明化合物可显著改善UUO引起的肾纤维化,这一治疗作用显著强于专利CN2019107285315公开的吲哚类化合物。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (11)
1.通式(I)所示的吲哚甲酰胺类化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
其中:
R1选自:氢原子、羟基、醛基、卤素、6~14元芳基、-CN、氨基或硝基;
R2选自:氢原子、C1-6烷基或苯基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的吲哚甲酰胺类化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中,通式(I)中:
R1选自:氢原子、醛基、氨基或苯基;
R2选自:C1-3烷基或苯基。
3.如下吲哚甲酰胺类化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
4.根据权利要求1或权利要求3所述的吲哚甲酰胺类化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中,为下述化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
5.根据权利要求1或权利要求3所述的吲哚甲酰胺类化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中,为下述化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
6.权利要求1所述的吲哚甲酰胺类化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的制备方法,所述制备方法包括下述两种方法中的任意一种:
方法1:
其中,R1、R2的定义同权利要求1;
分别将化合物A溶于无水二氯甲烷CH2Cl2中,1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐EDCI溶于无水CH2Cl2中,β-丙氨酸乙酯和4-二甲氨基吡啶DMAP溶于无水CH2Cl2中,然后将上述三种溶液混合,冰浴下搅拌反应后移置室温下反应,薄层色谱法监测反应完全;逐滴加入饱和氯化铵NH4Cl溶液淬灭反应,CH2Cl2萃取,收集下层溶液经无水硫酸钠Na2SO4干燥、过滤、浓缩,经柱层析纯化,得到产物B;
用无水四氢呋喃THF溶解上一步所得产物B,开启搅拌,逐滴加入二异丁基氢化铝DIBAl-H,保持0℃反应;薄层色谱法监测反应完全;然后逐滴加入甲醇MeOH以淬灭反应,再加入少量甲基叔丁基醚MTBE以稀释反应体系,最后加入饱和酒石酸钾钠溶液进一步淬灭,持续搅拌至反应体系澄清;澄清后,用乙酸乙酯EtOAc萃取,合并有机相,用少量饱和食盐水洗涤,再用无水Na2SO4干燥有机相,静置片刻后浓缩,柱层析纯化,得到产物C;
用无水CH2Cl2溶解上一步的产物C,并开启搅拌;再于常温下先后加入三乙基胺Et3N和DMAP,最后滴加化合物R2COOH或其酸酐、或其酰氯R2COCl,开启反应;薄层色谱法监测反应完全;逐滴加入饱和NH4Cl溶液淬灭反应,用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相,用少量饱和食盐水洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥、过滤、浓缩,经柱层析纯化,得到产物D;
方法2:
其中,R1、R2的定义同权利要求1;
将3-氨基丙醇溶解于无水CH2Cl2中,加入咪唑imidazole和4-二甲氨基吡啶DMAP,最后加入三乙基氯硅烷TESCl,常温搅拌,薄层色谱法监测反应完全;逐滴加入饱和NH4Cl溶液淬灭反应,用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相,用少量饱和食盐水洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥、过滤、浓缩,经柱层析纯化,得到3-三乙基硅氧基-1-丙胺;
分别将化合物A溶于无水CH2Cl2中,1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐EDCI溶于无水CH2Cl2中,3-三乙基硅氧基-1-丙胺和DMAP溶于无水CH2Cl2中,然后将上述三种溶液混合,冰浴下搅拌反应后移置室温下反应,薄层色谱法监测反应完全;CH2Cl2萃取,收集下层溶液经无水Na2SO4干燥过夜、过滤、浓缩,经柱层析纯化,得到产物E;
将化合物E溶于无水四氢呋喃THF,加入少量四丁基氟化铵TBAF,常温搅拌,薄层色谱法监测反应完全;逐滴加入饱和NH4Cl溶液淬灭反应,用EtOAc萃取,合并有机相,用少量饱和食盐水洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥、过滤、浓缩,经柱层析纯化,得到产物C;
用无水CH2Cl2溶解上一步的产物C,并开启搅拌;再于常温下先后加入三乙基胺Et3N和DMAP,最后滴加化合物R2COOH或其酸酐、或其酰氯R2COCl,开启反应;薄层色谱法监测反应完全;逐滴加入饱和NH4Cl溶液淬灭反应,用EtOAc萃取,合并有机相,用少量饱和食盐水洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥、过滤、浓缩,经柱层析纯化,得到产物D。
7.权利要求1或权利要求3所述的吲哚甲酰胺类化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备TRPC6抑制剂的药物中的用途。
8.权利要求1或权利要求3所述的吲哚甲酰胺类化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备TRPC6通道介导的Ca2+内流的抑制剂中的用途。
9.权利要求1或权利要求3所述的吲哚甲酰胺类化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备用于预防或治疗肾病、败血症、关节炎、肺动脉高压或肿瘤的药物中的用途。
10.根据权利要求9所述的用途,其中,
所述肾病为原发性的肾小球疾病,包括原发性肾病综合症、IgA肾病、急进性肾小球肾炎、局灶节段性肾小球硬化、肾纤维化、特发性膜性肾病、膜增生性肾小球肾炎;代谢病相关肾损害,包括糖尿病肾病、高尿酸肾病、肥胖相关性肾小球病;慢性肾衰竭,包括肾性贫血和慢性肾衰竭造成的心血管并发症;感染相关性肾损害,包括乙型肝炎病毒相关性肾炎、感染性心内膜炎肾损害;
所述败血症包括各种不同致病菌所引起的败血症及败血性休克;包括:金葡菌败血症、表葡菌败血症、肠球菌败血症、革兰阴性杆菌败血症、厌氧菌败血症、真菌败血症及败血性休克;
所述肺动脉高压包括:动脉性肺动脉高压、左心疾病所致肺动脉高压、缺氧和/或肺部疾病引起的肺动脉高压、慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压、多种机制和/或不明机制引起的肺动脉高压;
所述肿瘤包括恶性肿瘤;所述恶性肿瘤包括:神经胶质瘤、食管癌、肾癌、胰腺癌、乳腺癌、肺癌、肝癌、结直肠癌。
11.一种药物组合物,其含有权利要求1或权利要求3所述的吲哚甲酰胺类化合物或其药学上可接受的盐以及药学上可接受的辅料。
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