CN115581754A - 生姜细胞外囊泡在制备用于促进毛囊干细胞增殖药物中的应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种生姜细胞外囊泡在制备用于促进毛囊干细胞增殖药物中的应用,包括生姜细胞外囊泡的快速分离方法,所述快速分离方法具体为,将生姜洗净,切块至于破壁机中匀浆过滤后,贯序离心过滤去除杂质,超速离心后,研磨震荡混匀,0.2μm滤器过滤浓缩后,至于4℃保存备用。本发明找到了分离生姜细胞外囊泡的快速分离方法,缩短了细胞外囊泡的分离时间,并验证了其在体内可促进毛囊干细胞增殖,这对利用生姜细胞外囊泡制备用于促进毛囊干细胞增殖的药物或者将其直接作为药物使用具有指导意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及毛囊干细胞增殖技术领域,特别是涉及一种植物细胞外囊泡在制备用于促进毛囊干细胞增殖药物中的应用。
背景技术
细胞外囊泡(Extracellular Vesicles,EVs)是一种由细胞分泌,直径在40~200nm左右的微小囊泡,其间包含了丰富的miRNA、lncRNA、circRNA、mRNA以及蛋白质,能够参与细胞之间的物质转导和信号交流,并具有母源细胞的特异性,可以调控靶细胞的生理状态,包括促进细胞增殖、调控细胞周期等等。植物外泌体的生物学特性与哺乳动物相似,直径约40~200nm,形态结构也是具有磷脂双分子层结构,大多数植物细胞均可以分泌,在投射电镜下观察其形态同样呈茶托状或杯状,携带大量脂类、RNA和蛋白质。当前已有大量报道植物来源细胞外囊泡可以影响哺乳动物的细胞生理状态。
脱发是指头发脱落的现象。正常脱落的头发都是处于退行期及休止期的毛发,由于进入退行期与新进入生长期的毛发不断处于动态平衡,故能维持正常数量的头发。病理性脱发是指头发异常或过度的脱落,其原因很多,包括内分泌失调、精神创伤、血管机能紊乱及遗传等。现代人生活节奏快,工作生活压力大,长期熬夜、精神紧张等因素均可造成内分泌失调,影响头发的正常生理周期,出现脱发增加、发量变少等情况。
毛囊干细胞是存在于哺乳动物毛囊外根鞘隆突部中的一种特有干细胞,具有周期较长、分化能力强、自我更新及体外增殖能力强等特点,具有多种分子特异性标记物,如K15,K19,CD34,NANOG,NFATC1,α6-Integrin,TCF3,TCF4,LHX2,SOX9和LGR5等标志物,其中NANOG和LGR 5被认为是干细胞的标志物。
毛囊干细胞具有多向分化潜能,它可以分化成表皮、毛囊、皮脂腺,参与皮肤创伤愈合的过程。毛囊再生是基于毛囊干细胞与毛乳头的复杂信号交互,其中外胚层组分的毛囊干细胞是再生毛囊的主要细胞来源,因此毛囊干细胞在毛发再生中有重要意义。
综上所述,本领域中亟需寻找一种可以有效解决脱发增加、发量变少等问题,促进毛发再生的药物或方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种生姜细胞外囊泡在制备用于促进毛囊干细胞增殖药物中的应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案具体如下:
生姜细胞外囊泡在制备用于促进毛囊干细胞增殖药物中的应用,包括生姜细胞外囊泡的快速分离方法,具体为,使用贯序离心快速分离方法分离生姜细胞外囊泡。
所述贯序离心快速分离方法具体为,将生姜洗净,切块至于破壁机中匀浆过滤后,贯序离心过滤去除杂质,超速离心后,研磨震荡混匀,0.2μm滤器过滤浓缩后,至于4℃保存备用。
所述生姜细胞外囊泡的分离方法具体为:
①取500g生姜清洗去除表面泥垢,放入超声清洗仪中,超声震荡清洗30min后,超纯水浸泡5min清洗2次,清洗后沥干表面水渍,切块;
②将生姜块放入植物破壁机中,加入500ml超纯水,低温破壁匀浆,匀浆后100目滤网过滤掉残渣,获得滤液,滤液再次使用200目细胞筛过滤;
③滤液采用贯序离心法离心,依次为1000g 15min,2000g 20min,3000g 25min,5000g 30min,每次离心后取上清至一个新的离心管,开始下一次离心,最后获得的上清液使用0.2μm滤器过滤;
④滤液加入快封超离管中,配平封口后,100000g,4℃,离心2.5h,离心结束后,生姜细胞外囊泡聚集在管底部,形成一个圆形沉淀物;
⑤去除上清液,留底部圆形沉淀物,加入5ml PBS,用移液枪枪头将圆形沉淀物从底部剥离,并碾碎圆形沉淀物,吹打混匀形成沉淀物的浑浊液;
⑥浑浊液加入剥离研钵管中研磨形成黄色液体,黄色液体移入15ml离心管,在涡旋振荡仪涡旋15min;
⑦涡旋后5000g离心30min,取黄色上清液体,上清液使用0.2μm滤器过滤;
⑧过滤后的滤液使用100KD超滤管3000g,4℃,离心15min后,取超滤管上部的生姜细胞外囊泡液体装入1.5ml EP管中备用。
通过上述方法分离获得的生姜细胞外囊泡可用于制备促进体内毛囊干细胞增殖相关的药物。
同现有技术相比,本发明的突出效果在于:
本发明找到了分离生姜细胞外囊泡的快速分离方法,缩短了细胞外囊泡的分离时间,并验证了其在体内可促进毛囊干细胞增殖,这对利用生姜细胞外囊泡制备用于促进毛囊干细胞增殖的药物或者将其直接作为药物使用具有指导意义,为毛发再生提供了新的方法。
下面结合附图说明和具体实施例对本发明所述的生姜细胞外囊泡在制备用于促进毛囊干细胞增殖药物中的应用作进一步说明。
附图说明
图1为生姜细胞外囊泡粒径分析。
图2为生姜细胞外囊泡透射电镜下形态图。
图3为生姜细胞外囊泡处理后毛囊内NANOG阳性细胞百分比。
图4为生姜细胞外囊泡处理后毛囊内LGR 5阳性细胞百分比。
具体实施方式
(1)生姜细胞外囊泡分离
①取500g生姜清洗去除表面泥垢,放入超声清洗仪中,超声震荡清洗30min后,超纯水浸泡5min清洗2次,清洗后沥干表面水渍,切块;
②将生姜块放入植物破壁机中,加入500ml超纯水,低温破壁匀浆,匀浆后100目滤网过滤掉残渣,获得滤液,滤液再次使用200目细胞筛过滤;
③滤液采用贯序离心法离心,依次为1000g 15min,2000g 20min,3000g 25min,5000g 30min,每次离心后取上清至一个新的离心管,开始下一次离心,最后获得的上清液使用0.2μm滤器过滤;
④滤液加入快封超离管中,配平封口后,100000g,4℃,离心2.5h,离心结束后,生姜细胞外囊泡聚集在管底部,形成一个圆形沉淀物;
⑤去除上清液,留底部圆形沉淀物,加入5ml PBS,用移液枪枪头将圆形沉淀物从底部剥离,并碾碎圆形沉淀物,吹打混匀形成沉淀物的浑浊液;
⑥浑浊液加入剥离研钵管中研磨形成黄色液体,黄色液体移入15ml离心管,在涡旋振荡仪涡旋15min;
⑦涡旋后5000g离心30min,取黄色上清液体,上清液使用0.2μm滤器过滤;
⑧过滤后的滤液使用100KD超滤管3000g,4℃,离心15min后,取超滤管上部的生姜细胞外囊泡液体装入1.5ml EP管中备用;
⑨取10μl生姜细胞外囊泡溶液按照1:10稀释后Nano FCM进行粒径分析,结果见图1。
(2)生姜细胞外囊泡透射电镜观察
①标本固定:将100μl细胞外囊泡用2.5%戊二醛4℃固定2h,移入青霉素小瓶中,在4℃条件下用PBS漂洗3次,每次5min。再用四氯化锇4℃固定30min,接着用PBS漂洗3次。
②脱水:50%丙酮溶液,10min,1次;70%丙酮溶液,10min,1次;90%丙酮溶液,10min,2次;100%丙酮溶液,10min,3次。
③浸透:吸去瓶中脱水剂,加入3ml纯丙酮-EP0N812包埋剂,室温下放置30min,弃去稀释的包埋剂,加纯包埋剂1ml,室温放置2h。
④包埋:把胞外囊泡团块移入胶囊膜块孔的底部中心,注满混合包埋剂,放置于60℃烤箱烘烤24h,使之固化成为硬块。
⑤修块:将包埋块安置在特制的夹具上,用单刃刀修整包埋并做标记。
⑥制备半薄切片:将修好的包埋块在超薄切片机上切取厚度为lμm的半薄切片。取洁净载玻片,浸入1%明胶和1%铬明矾的混合液中,取出放在烤片机上加热至60℃使之干燥。在玻片上加一滴蒸馏水,用镊子将半薄切片移入水滴中,放在烤片机上加热使之展平干燥。然后滴加美蓝溶液,在60℃染30s,水洗,烤干。在显微镜下观察半薄切片的图像,确定行超薄切片的部位并做标记。
⑦制备超薄切片:用氯仿制备0.45%Formvar溶液,将洁净载玻片垂直浸入此溶液,即刻取出,玻片表面即形成一层薄膜。用刀片划开薄膜四周,浸入盛满水的水槽中使薄膜于玻片分开。将铜网小心放在薄膜上并用封口膜覆盖其上,一并将铜网及支持膜取出。在超薄切片机上固定包埋块,调整刀距,切取50nm厚度的超薄切片,贴在铜网有支持膜的一侧,保存在干燥器皿中待染色。
⑧电子染色:将载有切片的铜网垂直夹于橡胶板上并放入平皿内,在切片的一侧滴加1滴醋酸双氧铀染色液,室温下染色5~10min。取出橡胶板,用双蒸水冲洗切片,滤纸吸干后,放入平皿中,加1滴铅染色,室温下染色4~10min。水洗、吸干、晾干备用。
⑨透射电镜观察并照相,在透射电镜下可见典型的细胞外囊泡结果,如图2。
(3)脱毛模型鼠制备及生姜细胞外囊泡处理
①将脱毛膏涂抹于昆明系小鼠背部皮肤,作用10min后轻轻擦拭,可将背部毛发全部擦掉,使皮肤完全裸露;
②实验分3组,每组5只老鼠,组1做为阴性对照组,不做任何处理;组2使用1mm微针处理皮肤;组3使用1mm微针处理皮肤后,涂抹1*1010Particles/mL生姜细胞外囊泡,连续处理7天;
③处死小鼠,按组别收集皮肤层,固定于4%多聚甲醛。
(4)免疫组织化学
①皮肤组织固定24h后取出,冲洗多聚甲醛后进行固定,固定程序为50%乙醇,2h→70%乙醇,2h→80%乙醇,2h→95%乙醇,2h→无水乙醇,1h→无水乙醇,1h;
②脱完水的组织进行透明化处理,处理程序为二甲苯与无水乙醇1:1混合液,20min→二甲苯,20min→二甲苯,20min;
③将透明后的组织进行浸蜡,程序为52℃软蜡Ⅰ,30min→52℃软蜡Ⅱ,90min→58℃硬蜡Ⅰ,60min→58℃硬蜡Ⅱ,30min,完成后浸蜡,将组织放到包埋夹中,放到石蜡中进行包埋,包埋后的组织进行修正,然后切片;
④石蜡切片脱蜡至水:依次将切片放入二甲苯Ⅰ15min→二甲苯Ⅱ15min→二甲苯III15min→无水乙醇Ⅰ5min→无水乙醇Ⅱ5min→85%酒精5min→75%酒精5min→蒸馏水洗。
⑤抗原修复:组织切片置于盛满EDTA抗原修复缓冲液(pH8.0)的修复盒中,95度维持15分钟;
⑥阻断内源性过氧化物酶:切片放入3%双氧水溶液,室温避光孵育25min,将玻片置于PBS(pH7.4)中在脱色摇床上晃动洗涤3次,每次5min;
⑦血清封闭:在组化圈内滴加10%山羊血清均匀覆盖组织,室温封闭30min;
⑧加一抗:轻轻吸掉封闭液,在切片上滴加一抗工作液,确定毛囊干细胞使用LGR5和NANOG抗体,切片平放于湿盒内4℃孵育过夜;
⑨加二抗:载玻片置于PBS(PH7.4)中在脱色摇床上晃动洗涤3次,每次5min,切片稍甩干后在圈内滴加与一抗相应种属的二抗(HRP标记)覆盖组织,室温孵育50min;
⑩DAB显色:载玻片置于PBS(PH7.4)中在脱色摇床上晃动洗涤3次,每次5min,切片稍甩干后在圈内滴加新鲜配制的DAB显色液,显微镜下控制显色时间,阳性为棕黄色,自来水冲洗切片终止显色,苏木素复染细胞核,复染3min,自来水洗,苏木素分化液分化数秒,自来水冲洗,苏木素返蓝液返蓝,流水冲洗后,中性树胶封片。
(5)分析毛囊干细胞数量变化
①封片后,等树脂完全干燥,对切片进行扫描拍照,拍照以整个毛囊为基本单位,一个完整毛囊拍摄一张照片,每只鼠随机拍摄5张照片;
②使用Image J软件分析得出每张照片中NANOG和LGR 5阳性细胞数量的百分比;
③应用GraphPad Prism 6.0软件作图并分析组1、组2、组3中NANOG和LGR 5阳性细胞数,以组1为对照组,其结果见图3和图4,组3中NANOG和LGR 5阳性细胞数量显著高于组1和组2,虽然组2NANOG和LGR 5阳性细胞数量高于组1,但差异不显著。
通过上述实验结果可以看出,本发明找到了一种分离生姜细胞外囊泡的快速分离方法,缩短了细胞外囊泡的时间,并验证了其在体内可促进毛囊干细胞增殖,提供了一种生姜细胞外囊泡促进毛囊干细胞增殖的使用方法。这对制备用于促进毛囊干细胞增殖的药物或者将生姜细胞外囊泡直接作为药物促进毛发再生具有显著的指导意义,为毛发再生提供了新的方法。
以上所述的实施例仅仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行描述,并非对本发明的范围进行限定,在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下,本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案作出的各种变形和改进,均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。
Claims (6)
1.生姜细胞外囊泡在制备用于促进毛囊干细胞增殖药物中的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的生姜细胞外囊泡在制备用于促进毛囊干细胞增殖药物中的应用,其特征在于:包括生姜细胞外囊泡的快速分离方法。
3.根据权利要求2所述的生姜细胞外囊泡在制备用于促进毛囊干细胞增殖药物中的应用,其特征在于:使用贯序离心快速分离方法分离生姜细胞外囊泡。
4.根据权利要求3所述的生姜细胞外囊泡在制备用于促进毛囊干细胞增殖药物中的应用,其特征在于:所述贯序离心快速分离方法具体为,将生姜洗净,切块至于破壁机中匀浆过滤后,贯序离心过滤去除杂质,超速离心后,研磨震荡混匀,0.2μm滤器过滤浓缩后,至于4℃保存备用。
5.根据权利要求4所述的生姜细胞外囊泡在制备用于促进毛囊干细胞增殖药物中的应用,其特征在于:所述生姜细胞外囊泡的分离方法具体为:
①取500g生姜清洗去除表面泥垢,放入超声清洗仪中,超声震荡清洗30min后,超纯水浸泡5min清洗2次,清洗后沥干表面水渍,切块;
②将生姜块放入植物破壁机中,加入500ml超纯水,低温破壁匀浆,匀浆后100目滤网过滤掉残渣,获得滤液,滤液再次使用200目细胞筛过滤;
③滤液采用贯序离心法离心,依次为1000g 15min,2000g 20min,3000g 25min,5000g30min,每次离心后取上清至一个新的离心管,开始下一次离心,最后获得的上清液使用0.2μm滤器过滤;
④滤液加入快封超离管中,配平封口后,100000g,4℃,离心2.5h,离心结束后,生姜细胞外囊泡聚集在管底部,形成一个圆形沉淀物;
⑤去除上清液,留底部圆形沉淀物,加入5mlPBS,用移液枪枪头将圆形沉淀物从底部剥离,并碾碎圆形沉淀物,吹打混匀形成沉淀物的浑浊液;
⑥浑浊液加入剥离研钵管中研磨形成黄色液体,黄色液体移入15ml离心管,在涡旋振荡仪涡旋15min;
⑦涡旋后5000g离心30min,取黄色上清液体,上清液使用0.2μm滤器过滤;
⑧过滤后的滤液使用100KD超滤管3000g,4℃,离心15min后,取超滤管上部的生姜细胞外囊泡液体装入1.5ml EP管中备用。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一所述的生姜细胞外囊泡在制备用于促进毛囊干细胞增殖药物中的应用,其特征在于:分离获得的生姜细胞外囊泡可用于制备促进体内毛囊干细胞增殖相关的药物。
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