CN115572291A - 一种氢溴酸山莨菪碱及其制备方法和质量控制方法 - Google Patents
一种氢溴酸山莨菪碱及其制备方法和质量控制方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115572291A CN115572291A CN202211192647.XA CN202211192647A CN115572291A CN 115572291 A CN115572291 A CN 115572291A CN 202211192647 A CN202211192647 A CN 202211192647A CN 115572291 A CN115572291 A CN 115572291A
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- Prior art keywords
- anisodamine
- solution
- hydrobromide
- acid
- tropine
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种氢溴酸山莨菪碱及其制备方法和质量控制方法。本发明氢溴酸山莨菪碱的制备方法,以含有大量莨菪烷类生物碱的洋金花提取物为起始物料,经酶法酯解得到单一构型的托品酸,然后在催化剂的作用下,定向合成单一构型的山莨菪碱,工艺相对简单,减少了手性拆分环节,氢溴酸山莨菪碱收率和纯度显著提升。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药化工领域,具体为一种氢溴酸山莨菪碱及其制备方法和质量控制方法。
背景技术
山莨菪碱为我国特产茄科植物山莨若中提取的一种生物碱,1965年4月首次应用于临床,简称为654。654曾广泛应用于中毒性痢疾、暴发性流行性脑膜炎、大叶性肺炎等严重感染性疾病,使暴发性流行性脑膜炎的死亡率从 66.9%降至12.4%;因临床用量极大,为降低成本,保障供应,后人工合成“消旋山莨菪碱”,被称为654-2,二者结构不同。654-1为单一构型(6S,2S),与 M受体结合度最好,对平滑肌的解疼作用强于654-2;654-2由四个光学异构体组成,扩瞳、抑制唾液分泌等作用强于654-1,毒理实验方面654-2半数致死量(LD50)稍大于654-1。
654-1氢溴酸山莨菪碱合成工艺鲜有报道,实际生产中主要为合成消旋山莨菪碱,再经手性拆分得到单一构型的氢溴酸山莨菪碱。手性拆分一般采用手性柱色谱法、毛细管电泳法、手性试剂等拆分,存在成本高、技术难度大,部分技术难以工业化等缺点。
现有技术中公开了有一种氢溴酸山莨菪碱中主要原料山莨菪碱的合成方法(郑长胜,消旋山莨菪碱的新合成法[J],中国医药工业杂质,1989,20(3)),由于其得到的是消旋山莨菪碱,将其用于氢溴酸山莨菪碱的制备,得到的也是一种消旋氢溴酸山莨菪碱,其合成工艺也不适合单一构型的氢溴酸山莨菪碱的制备。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明的目的在于针对现有合成工艺,提供一种氢溴酸山莨菪碱的制备方法,它包括以下步骤:
a.L-托品酸的制备:取洋金花提取物,加水和ES-PLE-101型脂水解酶水解,再加有机溶剂萃取,取萃取液除去有机溶剂,加酸水调节pH至酸性,结晶,得L-托品酸;
b.6-甲氧基甲氧基托品醇的制备:将6-羟基托品酮与二甲氧基甲烷混合反应,得到的反应物降温至10℃以下,加碳酸钠溶液至pH为碱性,取有机相除去有机溶剂,加95%乙醇溶解,再加催化剂,通氢气氢化,过滤浓缩得 6-甲氧基甲氧基托品醇;
c.氢溴酸山莨菪碱的制备:取步骤b所得6-甲氧基甲氧基托品醇和步骤 a所得L-托品酸混合,加催化剂反应,得到的反应物加盐酸水解,水解液调 pH至碱性,加有机溶剂萃取,萃取液浓缩得山莨菪碱粗品,所述山莨菪碱粗品加无水乙醇溶解,再加氢溴酸至pH 2~4,结晶,过滤,晶体重结晶,即得。
进一步地,步骤a所述洋金花提取物、水、ES-PLE-101型脂水解酶和有机溶剂的质量体积比为1000g:5000~40000ml:0.1~10g:5000~40000ml。
更进一步地,所述有机溶剂是二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷或乙酸乙酯,优选二氯甲烷。
进一步地,在步骤a中,所述酸水为5%硫酸溶液;所述调节pH 3~4;所述结晶温度5℃。
进一步地,在步骤b中,所述6-羟基托品酮与所述二甲氧基甲烷的质量比为1:0.5~2;所述反应的条件是以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,所述二氯甲烷为反应溶剂,30-60℃下回流反应12~36小时;
所述加催化剂雷氏镍;
所述通氢气至204Kpa,室温振荡8h。
进一步地,在步骤c中,所述6-甲氧基甲氧基托品醇与所述L-托品酸的质量比为1:0.8~1.6;所述催化剂为酸性强阳离子交换树脂;所述反应的条件是以丙酮为溶剂,40~60℃下反应4~8小时;
所述水解的温度为60~80℃,时间4~8小时;所述盐酸的浓度为5%, v/v,用量为所述6-甲氧基甲氧基托品醇和所述L-托品酸之和的2~3倍量 ml/g;
所述水解液调pH至9.0~10.0;
所述有机溶剂为二氯甲烷,用量为所述水解液的1倍量,ml/ml;
所述山莨菪碱粗品与无水乙醇的质量体积比为1~2g:1~5ml;所述氢溴酸的浓度为10%,v/v。
进一步地,所述洋金花提取物是洋金花的乙醇提取物经5%硫酸溶解,再水沉过滤除去不溶物后浓缩得到的相对密度1.8~2.4的稠膏。
本发明还提供了一种氢溴酸山莨菪碱,它是按照前述方法制备而成。
本发明还提供了一种如前述氢溴酸山莨菪碱灭菌工艺的质量控制方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、取前述氢溴酸山莨菪碱,加水制成溶液,在100至150℃的条件下灭菌10~15min,得到灭菌后的氢溴酸山莨菪碱溶液;取消旋山莨菪碱对照品,加水制成对照品溶液;
S2、将步骤S1中得到的所述氢溴酸山莨菪碱溶液和所述对照品溶液采用高效液相色谱法检测,所述高效液相色谱法的色谱条件为:
用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂;
体积比10:90的乙腈-50mmol/L磷酸氢二钾为流动相A;体积比45: 55的乙腈-50mmol/L磷酸氢二钾为流动相B;
洗脱梯度为:
柱温为30℃;检测波长为210nm;
进样体积20μl,流速为1.0ml/min;
S3、将步骤S2中所述氢溴酸山莨菪碱溶液的色谱图和所述对照品溶液的色谱图进行比对,在氢溴酸山莨菪碱溶液色谱图中呈现与对照品溶液色谱图中异构体保留时间一致的色谱峰,确定氢溴酸山莨菪碱溶液中含有异构体,异构体的产生率以氢溴酸山莨菪碱溶液色谱图中异构体的峰面积与所有色谱峰面积和的比值计算。
进一步地,在步骤S1中,水为注射用水;所述灭菌温度121℃,时间 15min。
进一步地,在步骤S1中,所述50mmol/L磷酸氢二钾用磷酸调pH至6.0。
本发明氢溴酸山莨菪碱的制备方法,以含有大量莨菪烷类生物碱的洋金花提取物为起始物料,经酶法酯解得到单一构型的托品酸,然后在催化剂的作用下,定向合成单一构型的山莨菪碱,工艺相对简单,减少了手性拆分环节,产品收率和纯度显著提升。
经检测证实:本发明的氢溴酸山莨菪碱的制备方法生成的氢溴酸山莨菪碱产品纯度高达99%,收率高于50%,且为单一构型的氢溴酸山莨菪碱。通过本发明的制备方法得到的氢溴酸山莨菪碱各项指标均优于现有技术中得到的产品,且本发明方法操作简便,适合工业化生产。
显然,根据本发明的上述内容,按照本领域的普通技术知识和惯用手段,在不脱离本发明上述基本技术思想前提下,还可以做出其它多种形式的修改、替换或变更。
以下通过实施例形式的具体实施方式,对本发明的上述内容再作进一步的详细说明。但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实例。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
附图说明
图1氢溴酸山莨菪碱注射液(批号21122901-B)色谱图;
图2消旋山莨菪碱色谱图。
图3分子质量MS全谱
图4 1H-NMR谱
图5 13C-NMR谱
图6分子结构式(C1为S构型,C2为R构型,C4为S构型,C6为R 构型,C10为R构型)
图7市售原料制成的注射液色谱图
图8实施例1氢溴酸山莨菪碱制成的注射液色谱图
具体实施方式
实施例1氢溴酸山莨菪碱的制备
步骤1、洋金花200kg,经乙醇4000L浸提,65℃减压浓缩除去乙醇、加入5%硫酸10L溶解、15℃静置水沉,过滤除去不溶物,75℃减压浓缩至膏状(相对密度:1.8~2.4),得到洋金花提取物1.06kg。
步骤2、取洋金花提取物1.06kg,加水10L溶解,再加入ES-PLE-101 型脂水解酶(23U/mg)100g,搅拌混匀,40℃水解2h,用二氯甲烷萃取5 次,每次二氯甲烷用量为10L,萃取液蒸馏浓缩除去二氯甲烷,得L-托品酸粗膏;粗膏用5%硫酸溶液溶解(控制pH3-4),5℃结晶,得到L-托品酸640g。
步骤3、500g 6-羟基托品酮用1.5L二氯甲烷溶解。加入300g二甲氧基甲烷,混合均匀,加入对甲苯磺酸100g,50℃反应24小时,反应完毕溶液降温至10℃以下,滴加碳酸钠溶液至溶液呈碱性,分出有机相减压蒸馏除去有机溶剂得6-甲氧基甲氧基托品酮452g。6-甲氧基甲氧基托品酮用95%乙醇溶解,加入雷氏镍30g为催化剂,氢气充至204Kpa,室温振荡8h,过滤,滤液浓缩得6-甲氧基甲氧基托品醇448g。
步骤4、448g 6-甲氧基甲氧基托品醇与540g L-托品酸在120g酸性强阳离子交换树脂为催化剂,100ml丙酮为溶剂下酯化反应(80℃,4h),反应完毕在2560ml 5%盐酸溶液下水解6小时,得山莨菪碱盐酸溶液。山莨菪碱盐酸溶液调节pH至9.0~10.0,用1倍量二氯甲烷萃取4次,得山莨菪碱萃取液。山莨菪碱萃取液65℃减压浓缩得山莨菪碱粗品1.2kg,溶于2.5L无水乙醇中,滴加40%氢溴酸溶液(用量650ml)至pH2~4,5~10℃结晶12h,过滤,滤饼80℃干燥,得氢溴酸山莨菪碱粗品1.05kg。氢溴酸山莨菪碱粗品 1.05kg,加入6L无水乙醇75℃回流溶解,同法结晶(即加氢溴酸至pH2~4, 5~10℃结晶12h)、干燥粉碎后得氢溴酸山莨菪碱805g。以6-羟基托品酮计收率为64.5%,色谱纯度为99.8%。
实施例2:氢溴酸山莨菪碱的制备
步骤1、洋金花200kg,经乙醇4000L浸提,60~80℃减压浓缩除去乙醇、加入5%硫酸10L溶解、10~30℃静置水沉,过滤除去不溶物,70~90℃减压浓缩至膏状(相对密度:1.8~2.4),得到洋金花提取物1.02kg。
步骤2、取洋金花提取物1.02kg,加水10L溶解,加入ES-PLE-126型脂水解酶(23U/mg)100g,搅拌混匀,40℃水解2h,用二氯甲烷萃取4~6次,每次二氯甲烷用量为10L,萃取液蒸馏浓缩除去二氯甲烷,得L-托品酸粗膏;粗膏用5%硫酸溶液溶解(控制pH3-4),2~10℃结晶,得到L-托品酸620g。
步骤3、500g 6-羟基托品酮用1.5L二氯甲烷溶解。加入300g二甲氧基甲烷,混合均匀,加入对甲苯磺酸100g,50℃反应24小时,反应完毕溶液降温至10℃以下,滴加碳酸钠溶液至溶液呈碱性,分出有机相减压蒸馏除去有机溶剂得6-甲氧基甲氧基托品酮443g。6-甲氧基甲氧基托品酮用95%乙醇溶解,加入雷氏镍30g为催化剂,氢气充至194Kpa,室温振荡8h,过滤,滤液浓缩,得6-甲氧基甲氧基托品醇426g。
步骤4、426g 6-甲氧基甲氧基托品醇与520g L-托品酸在120g酸性强阳离子交换树脂为催化剂,100ml丙酮为溶剂下酯化反应(80℃,4h),反应完毕在2500ml的5%盐酸溶液下水解6小时,得山莨菪碱盐酸溶液。山莨菪碱盐酸溶液调节pH至9.0~10.0,用1倍二氯甲烷萃取4次,得山莨菪碱萃取液。山莨菪碱萃取液65℃减压浓缩得山莨菪碱粗品1.10kg,溶于2.2L无水乙醇中,滴加氢溴酸溶液(用量620ml)至pH2~4,5~10℃结晶12h,过滤,滤饼80℃干燥,得氢溴酸山莨菪碱粗品1.02kg。氢溴酸山莨菪碱粗品1.02kg,加入6L无水乙醇75℃回流溶解,同法结晶(即加氢溴酸至pH2~4, 5~10℃结晶12h)、干燥粉碎后得氢溴酸山莨菪碱792g。以6-羟基托品酮计收率为58.8%,色谱纯度为99.8%。
试验例1本发明制备的氢溴酸山莨菪碱制成的注射液的质量分析
1材料
1.1药品与试剂
按照实施例1制备的氢溴酸山莨菪碱;氢溴酸山莨菪碱对照品(成都第一制药有限公司,批号20901DZ,纯度99.1%);消旋山莨菪碱对照品(中国食品药品检定院),乙腈为色谱纯(美国TEDIA)、磷酸和磷酸二氢钾(成都科隆化学试剂有限公司)为分析纯。
1.2仪器
LC-2030高效液相色谱仪(日本岛津公司);WelchUltimateAQ-C18色谱柱(4.6×250mm,5μm);FE28型pH计(瑞士梅特勒-托利多公司)。
2方法与结果
2.1.灭菌工艺
取按照实施例1制备的氢溴酸山莨菪碱加注射用水溶解进行121℃重复灭菌,灭菌的时间分别为0min、15min和30min,分别检测制得的氢溴酸山莨菪碱注射液中异构体含量。具体方法如下:
S1、取实施例1制备的氢溴酸山莨菪碱,加水溶解,在121℃的条件下灭菌,得到灭菌后的氢溴酸山莨菪碱溶液;取消旋山莨菪碱对照品,加水制成对照品溶液;
S2、将步骤S1中得到的所述氢溴酸山莨菪碱溶液和对照品溶液采用高效液相色谱法检测,所述高效液相色谱法的色谱条件为:
用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂;
体积比10:90的乙腈-50mmol/L磷酸氢二钾溶液(磷酸氢二钾溶液用磷酸调pH至6.0)为流动相A;体积比45:55的乙腈-50mmol/L磷酸氢二钾溶液(磷酸氢二钾溶液用磷酸调pH至6.0)为流动相B;
洗脱梯度为:
柱温为30℃;检测波长为210nm;
进样体积20μl,流速为1.0ml/min;
S3、将步骤S2中所述氢溴酸山莨菪碱溶液的色谱图和所述对照品溶液的色谱图进行比对,在氢溴酸山莨菪碱溶液色谱图中呈现与对照品溶液色谱图中异构体保留时间一致的色谱峰,确定氢溴酸山莨菪碱溶液中含有异构体,异构体的产生率以氢溴酸山莨菪碱溶液色谱图中异构体的峰面积与所有色谱峰面积和的比值计算。
结果是,氢溴酸山莨菪碱注射液里面约12min未知杂质峰与消旋山莨菪碱峰里面的非对映异构体峰保留时间一致。如图1~2所示:0h和15min分钟的检测方法与上述检测方法相同,得到的结果如下:
灭菌时间 | 0h | 15min | 30min |
批号 | 21122901 | 21122901-A | 21122901-B |
异构体% | 0% | 0.6% | 1.87% |
所以,由此可以得出结论,灭菌时间小于15min时,能够保证氢溴酸山莨菪碱的质量,杂质限度在《中国药典》的规定范围内,超过15min,会导致杂质的大量产生。
为了确认产生的杂质的具体结构,特进行如下的结构确证:
2.2.结构确证
取灭菌30min的氢溴酸山莨菪碱注射液,经LD-2柱层析(填料为C18硅胶),经0.1%甲酸-甲醇洗系统洗脱分离异构体杂质,采用常规洗脱方法进行洗脱收集第二段洗脱色谱峰,浓缩后萃取,减压浓缩得异构体。
2.2.1.质谱检测
取分离的异构体送成都睿智化学进行质谱检测。分子量为306.2(主峰) 与306.4(次峰),与山莨菪碱分子量一致。具体见表1和如图3所示。
表1异构体质谱信息
2.2.2.氢谱检测
测试单位:成都睿智化学研究有限公司;
测试项目:1H-NMR
仪器:BrukerAVⅡ-400MHz核磁共振波谱仪;
检验依据:中华人民共和国药典2020年版四部通则0441核磁共振波谱法
取分离的异构体送成都睿智化学进行核磁氢谱检测。结果与山莨菪碱的结构一致。具体见表2和图4所示,结构式如下:
表2氢谱检测结果
质子序号 | 化学位移(ppm) | 质子数 | 备注 |
1 | 3.894 | 1H,d | CH<sub>2</sub>-CH-(C)<sub>2</sub> |
2,4,7 | 1.805~2.306 | 2H,m | CH-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH |
3 | 4.695~4.955 | 1H,t | O-CH-(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub> |
5 | 3.689 | 1H,s | N-CH<sub>2</sub>-(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub> |
6 | 4.406 | 1H,m | N-CH<sub>2</sub>-(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub> |
9 | 2.863 | 3H,s | N-CH<sub>3</sub> |
12 | 3.689~3.935 | 2H,t | HO-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH |
13 | 4.102~4.406 | 1H,m | HO-CH-(CHCH<sub>2</sub>) |
16-20 | 7.310-7.394 | 5H,m | 苯环上的氢 |
δ7.310-7.394ppm的多重峰,5个氢,应均为苯环上的氢。
δ4.695~4.955ppm的三重峰,两个氢,应为受到羧基直接影响的次甲基氢;
δ3.894ppm的二重峰,,应为受到羧基和苯环直接影响的次甲基氢;
δ4.116-4.169ppm的多重峰,1个氢,应为16-C上的次甲基氢峰。
δ3.689~3.935ppm的三重峰,2个氢,应为直接与羟基相连的两个亚甲基峰
δ4.406ppm的多重峰,1个氢,应为上受氨基正离子剧烈影响到次甲基氢峰。
δ3.689ppm的单峰,应为1号碳的次甲基氢。
δ2.863ppm单峰,应为胺甲基上的三个3个甲基氢。
δ1.805~2.306的多重峰,共6个氢,应为七元环上受到三级胺吸电子效应影响的三个亚甲基峰。
结论:通过1H-NMR测试数据表可以看出,样品氢谱与氢溴酸山莨菪碱的分子结构特征相符合。
碳谱数据如下表3和图5所示:
表3 13C-NMR测试数据表
解析:
氢溴酸山莨菪碱分子式为C17H23NO4·HBr,分子中含有17个碳,氮甲基碳原子不出峰。
δ172.67ppm的碳原子对应为氢溴酸山莨菪碱分子结构中羧基碳的出峰;
δ128.29~135.24ppm的碳原子对应为氢溴酸山莨菪碱分子结构中苯环碳的出峰;
δ135.24ppm的碳原子为苯环上的季碳的出峰;
δ32.63ppm、δ33.65ppm、δ34.77ppm为托品环上的仲碳的出峰;
δ63.09ppm为羟甲基上仲碳的出峰;
氮上的甲基碳原子不出峰;
表中序号5-14的碳对应为氢溴酸山莨菪碱分子结构中其他烷基碳的出峰;
结论:样品氢谱及碳谱均一致,且与氢溴酸山莨菪碱的分子结构相符。
2.2.3.单晶培养
取分离的异构体检测,详情如下:
检测单位:四川大学分析测试中心
仪器型号:Xcalibur E CCD X射线单晶衍射仪
检测方法:在显微镜下仔细挑选合适尺寸的检品晶体,固定于毛细玻璃丝顶端,置于仪器样品台上进行测试。
测试条件:温度20℃。测试功率为40KW,钼靶,测试时间为3h。
测试软件为CrysAlisPro171.34,晶体结构解析采用Olex2软件中的 ShelXS,晶体结构精修采用Olex2软件中的ShelXL,基于最小二乘法来完成精修。
晶体结构解析采用Olex2软件中的ShelXS,选用直接法解出结构;晶体结构精修采用Olex2软件中的ShelXL,基于最小二乘法来完成精修。
(1)结果
化学式:C17H24BrNO分子量(386.28),正交晶系,空间群为P212121(空间群编号:19)。
测试温度为293.15K,钼靶(波长为2.289mm-1),理论密度为1.417g/cm3。在(6.206°≤2Θ≤52.732°)范围内共搜集5928个衍射点,其中在(Rint=0.0304, Rsigma=0.0608)范围内获得3243个独立衍射点用于完整的计算。最终得到的R1(残差因子)值为0.0433(I>2σ(I)),wR2(加权残差因子)值为0.0795。
(2)结论
具体氢溴酸异构体的单晶衍射结果如图6所示,从结果可见,其为6S, 2’R构型。从杂质的构型可以得出,本发明的制备方法得到结构就是氢溴酸山莨菪碱,由于高温灭菌,产生了旋光异构体6S,2’R构型,区别于654-1 本身的6S,2S的单一构型。
2.3氢溴酸山莨菪碱注射液质量对比
取以本发明实施例1中得到的氢溴酸山莨菪碱为原料制备的注射液(批号21122901),与市售氢溴酸山莨菪碱为原料,按照与之相同工艺制成的注射液进行液相色谱检测,色谱条件同“2.1灭菌工艺”,检测结果见图7~图8。从检测结果可见:用本发明氢溴酸山莨菪碱制成的注射液中异构体的含量更低,质量更好。
3讨论
3.1.氢溴酸山莨菪碱注射液异构体的控制
氢溴酸山莨菪碱注射液在生产和稳定性考察中可能只会产生一种异构体杂质-6S,2’R构型。产生的主要条件为高温破坏,因此适当控制灭菌参数和储存条件对异构体杂质的控制有一定的作用。目前注射液中仅检出6S,2’R 异构体,从而证明了实施例1得到的就是氢溴酸山莨菪碱。
3.2.药理活性讨论
据文献,山莨菪碱对大鼠离体气管的舒张效应具有立体选择性。四个异构体的活性为:(6S,2’S)>(6S,2’R)>(6R,2’S)>(6R,2’R),表明山莨菪碱莨菪烷母核上的S构型在抗胆碱活性上发挥重要作用。本发明的氢溴酸山莨菪碱为6S,2’S构型的单一化合物,因此比消旋山莨菪碱活性强。
3.3.毒理学讨论
曾有研究报道,单一构型的天然山莨菪碱对平滑肌的解痉作用稍强,而 4个异构体混旋的合成品对抗震颤素镇痛及扩瞳和抑制唾液分泌的作用略强。合成品的小鼠半数致死量稍大。在治疗美尼尔氏综合征及突发性耳聋疾病上剂量也稍大。采用[3H]-QNB配体受体结合实验、抗乙酰胆碱对豚鼠回肠纵肌条收缩效应、抗毛果芸香碱流涎及扩瞳效应为指标比较山莨菪碱 4个异构体与M胆碱受体的相互作用效应强度为 本实验的结果表明:山莨菪碱4个异构体对大鼠离体气管的舒张效应强弱有明显的不同: 此结果进一步证实山莨菪碱莨菪烷母核上的S构型在与M受体的结合上发挥重要作用。
侧面表明:氢溴酸山莨菪碱比合成的消旋山莨菪碱毒性小。
3.4.消旋山莨菪碱与氢溴酸山莨菪碱对比
同一杂质水平的原料制备注射液,因消旋山莨菪碱自身含四种构型,因此在制剂生产中,可能产生构型的转变造成构型的差异,造成毒副作用的改变。氢溴酸山莨菪碱为单一构型的化合物,在生产中相对稳定,不易产生毒副作用杂质,也利于质量控制。
综上,本发明方法具有高转化率,降低了成本,还提高了氢溴酸山莨菪碱的纯化难度,得到的氢溴酸山莨菪碱产品中无异构体,产品纯度高,提高了质量,具有广阔的市场应用前景。
Claims (10)
1.一种氢溴酸山莨菪碱的制备方法,其特征在于,它包括以下步骤:
a.L-托品酸的制备:取洋金花提取物,加水和ES-PLE-101型脂水解酶水解,再加有机溶剂萃取,取萃取液除去有机溶剂,加酸水调节pH至酸性,结晶,得L-托品酸;
b.6-甲氧基甲氧基托品醇的制备:将6-羟基托品酮与二甲氧基甲烷混合反应,得到的反应物降温至10℃以下,加碳酸钠溶液至pH为碱性,取有机相除去有机溶剂,加95%乙醇溶解,再加催化剂,通氢气氢化,过滤浓缩得6-甲氧基甲氧基托品醇;
c.氢溴酸山莨菪碱的制备:取步骤b所得6-甲氧基甲氧基托品醇和步骤a所得L-托品酸混合,加催化剂反应,得到的反应物加盐酸水解,水解液调pH至碱性,加有机溶剂萃取,萃取液浓缩得山莨菪碱粗品,所述山莨菪碱粗品加无水乙醇溶解,再加氢溴酸至pH 2~4,结晶,过滤,晶体重结晶,即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述制备方法,其特征在于,步骤a所述洋金花提取物、水、ES-PLE-101型脂水解酶和有机溶剂的质量体积比为1000g:5000~40000ml:0.1~10g:5000~40000ml。
3.根据权利要求2所述制备方法,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂是二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷或乙酸乙酯,优选二氯甲烷。
4.根据权利要求1所述制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤a中,所述酸水为5%硫酸溶液;所述调节pH 3~4;所述结晶温度为5℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤b中,所述6-羟基托品酮与所述二甲氧基甲烷的质量比为1:0.5~2;所述反应的条件是以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,二氯甲烷为反应溶剂,30-60℃下回流反应12~36小时;
所述加催化剂为雷氏镍;
所述通氢气至204Kpa,室温振荡8h。
6.根据权利要求1所述制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤c中,所述6-甲氧基甲氧基托品醇与所述L-托品酸的质量比为1:0.8~1.6;所述催化剂为酸性强阳离子交换树脂;所述反应的条件是以丙酮为溶剂,40~60℃下反应4~8小时;
所述水解的温度为60~80℃,时间4~8小时;所述盐酸的浓度为5%,v/v,用量为所述6-甲氧基甲氧基托品醇和所述L-托品酸之和的2~3倍量ml/g;
所述水解液调pH至9.0~10.0;
所述有机溶剂为二氯甲烷,用量为所述水解液的1倍量,ml/ml;
所述山莨菪碱粗品与无水乙醇的质量体积比为1~2g:1~5ml;所述氢溴酸的浓度为10%,v/v。
7.根据权利要求1至6任一项所述制备方法,其特征在于,所述洋金花提取物是洋金花的乙醇提取物经5%硫酸溶解,再水沉过滤除去不溶物后浓缩得到的相对密度1.8~2.4的稠膏。
8.一种氢溴酸山莨菪碱,其特征在于:它是按照权利要求1~7任一项所述方法制备而成。
9.一种如权利要求8所述氢溴酸山莨菪碱灭菌工艺的质量控制方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、取权利要求8所述氢溴酸山莨菪碱,加水制成溶液,在100~150℃的条件下灭菌10~15min,得到灭菌后的氢溴酸山莨菪碱溶液;取消旋山莨菪碱对照品,加水制成对照品溶液;
S2、将步骤S1中得到的所述氢溴酸山莨菪碱溶液和所述对照品溶液采用高效液相色谱法检测,所述高效液相色谱法的色谱条件为:
用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂;
体积比10:90的乙腈-50mmol/L磷酸氢二钾为流动相A;体积比45:55的乙腈-50mmol/L磷酸氢二钾为流动相B;
洗脱梯度为:
柱温为30℃;检测波长为210nm;
进样体积20μl,流速为1.0ml/min;
S3、将步骤S2中所述氢溴酸山莨菪碱溶液的色谱图和所述对照品溶液的色谱图进行比对,在氢溴酸山莨菪碱溶液色谱图中呈现与对照品溶液色谱图中异构体保留时间一致的色谱峰,确定氢溴酸山莨菪碱溶液中含有异构体,异构体的产生率以氢溴酸山莨菪碱溶液色谱图中异构体的峰面积与所有色谱峰面积和的比值计算。
10.根据权利要求8所述质量控制方法,其特征在于:在步骤S1中,水为注射用水;所述灭菌温度121℃,时间15min;所述50mmol/L磷酸氢二钾用磷酸调pH至6.0。
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