CN115536448A - Method for preparing carbon-based fertilizer by using organic floating mud and dehydrated algae mud - Google Patents
Method for preparing carbon-based fertilizer by using organic floating mud and dehydrated algae mud Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing a carbon-based fertilizer by utilizing organic floating mud and dehydrated algae mud. The method can reduce the amount of blue algae and floating mud, fully utilize organic matters, nitrogen and phosphorus in the blue algae and the floating mud, ensure the quality of the prepared carbon-based fertilizer, has low cost and wide sources, meets the resource utilization requirement of organic wastes, directly mixes materials with the dehydrated algae mud in summer to prepare the carbon-based fertilizer, mixes the materials with dry algae granules as the raw materials in seasons lacking the algae mud to prepare the carbon-based fertilizer, ensures the continuous and stable operation of equipment, solves the problem of leaving the resource device idle, and has good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of algae mud treatment, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a carbon-based fertilizer by using organic floating mud and dehydrated algae mud.
Background
With the rapid development of industrial economy, a large amount of pollutants enter a lake body to generate a large amount of sludge, so that a water ecosystem is degraded, secondary pollution of a lake body source is increasingly serious, and therefore, china continuously increases dredging force to dredge a polluted basin such as a Taihu lake. The bottom mud capture process is usually adopted for the semi-suspended floating mud, the captured bottom mud is rich in organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and other substances, two conventional treatment modes are adopted, one mode is to arrange a land mud storage field for storage, and the other mode is to directly throw and fill the bottom mud in a low-lying area, and the two treatment modes not only cause resource waste, but also occupy a large amount of cultivated land and even seriously pollute soil and underground water.
The straw is a general term of stem and leaf parts of mature crops, and generally refers to the residual parts of wheat, rice, corn, potatoes, rape, cotton, sugarcane and other crops after seeds are harvested. More than half of the products of crop photosynthesis exist in the straws, are rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, organic matters and the like, are multipurpose renewable biological resources, and are mainly treated by mechanically crushing, ploughing, directly pressing in soil and the like. Although the nutrient substances of the straws can be fully reserved in the soil, the problem that soil microorganisms compete for nutrients with crop seedlings due to too large or uneven straw returning amount can easily occur, and even yellow seedlings, dead seedlings, yield reduction and the like can occur. In addition, insect eggs, thallus and other pests in the straws cannot be killed in the direct crushing process of the straws, and the pests and the insects can be left in the soil after returning to the field, so that the pests and the insects directly occur or occur in the next year after wintering. The straw can cause water pollution in the fertilizer decomposing process in the farmland, and finally, pollutants can return to the natural water to cause secondary pollution.
The eutrophication of water bodies such as lakes and reservoirs causes the mass propagation of algae, thereby forming blue algae. When the blue algae bloom is burst, the water surface is covered by a thick layer of blue-green lake indigo, the blue-green lake indigo migrates to the shore along with the wind direction and is accumulated, and the blue-green lake indigo gives off unpleasant odor after rotten. On one hand, the large-scale blue algae outbreak inhibits the growth and the propagation of other algae in the water body, reduces the variety of the algae, reduces the biodiversity and further destroys the balance of an ecological system. On the other hand, the water quality of water bodies such as lakes, reservoirs and the like is deteriorated, which is manifested by blackening and smelling of the water quality and reduction of dissolved oxygen. The drop of the dissolved oxygen causes a great amount of death of aquatic animals such as fish and the like, and the aquatic animals float on the water surface, thereby influencing the ecological landscape of the water area. Meanwhile, algae and animals in water can be deposited to the water bottom after death, so that the water body becomes shallow. In addition, algal toxins contained in the blue algae are released into water, so that aquatic animals such as fish are poisoned, and further the health of human beings is threatened through a food chain. The annual period of 5-10 months is the blue algae outbreak season, and a large amount of blue algae float on the lake surface, thus causing serious influence on the surrounding water environment and the life of residents. The existing method for dealing with the blue algae outbreak mainly comprises the steps of intercepting and collecting and then fishing, and carrying out resource utilization on the fished blue algae after dehydration and drying. However, blue algae usually appear to be seasonal outbreaks, and if the salvaged algae mud needs to be timely consumed, a large-scale harmless and recycling facility of the algae mud needs to be built, and when the algae mud is in winter, the problem that the algae mud recycling facility cannot continuously and stably operate due to lack of raw materials can occur.
Therefore, a way for performing efficient resource utilization on the organic floating mud, the dehydrated algae mud and the straws is urgently needed, and meanwhile, the resource facility can be ensured to stably operate for a long time and is not influenced by factors such as seasons and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a carbon-based fertilizer by using organic float sludge and dehydrated algae sludge, aiming at the defects of the prior art, the carbon-based fertilizer can be prepared by using the organic float sludge, the dehydrated algae sludge and straws, and the long-term stable operation of a recycling facility is ensured.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for preparing a carbon-based fertilizer by using organic float sludge and dehydrated algae sludge is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(A) Dehydrating blue algae to obtain algae mud I, and treating the algae mud I by a solar low-temperature evaporation drying process to obtain dry algae particles;
(B) Crushing the dry algae granules obtained in the step (A) to obtain dry algae powder, and adding water into the obtained dry algae powder to prepare algae mud II;
(C) Uniformly mixing organic floating mud with the algae mud I obtained in the step (A) or the algae mud II obtained in the step (B), adding 7-8 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution into the obtained mixture for impregnation, conveying the impregnated mixed solution into a carbonization furnace I for carbonization reaction, controlling the temperature in the carbonization furnace I to be 280-320 ℃, and screening the carbonized material to obtain biochar I;
(D) Conveying the crushed straws and garden wastes into a carbonization furnace II for dry distillation and carbonization reaction, wherein the temperature in the carbonization furnace II is 480-520 ℃, and thus obtaining biochar II;
(E) Conveying the straws and garden waste to a two-stage double-shaft shredder for cutting;
(F) Conveying the organic floating mud, the algae mud I or the algae mud II, the straws cut in the step (E) and the garden waste to a mixing system, slowly adding the biochar I obtained in the step (C) or the biochar II obtained in the step (D) and water in the stirring process, and fully stirring and mixing;
(G) And (3) conveying the mixed materials into a high-temperature aerobic fermentation tank for high-temperature fermentation for 10-12 days, keeping the fermentation temperature at 55-65 ℃, controlling the pH value to be 6-8, crushing after fermentation, screening and packaging to obtain the required carbon-based fertilizer.
The carbon-based fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 to 70 portions of organic floating mud, 30 to 60 portions of algae mud I or algae mud II, 10 to 30 portions of biochar I or biochar II, 15 to 30 portions of straws, 10 to 25 portions of garden waste and a proper amount of water.
Furthermore, the water content of the organic floating mud is 60% +/-2%, the water content of the algae mud I or II is less than or equal to 60%, and the water content of the dry algae particles is less than or equal to 10%.
Further, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 8mol/L, and the time of the immersion treatment is 8 to 10 hours, preferably 8 hours.
In a preferred embodiment, the temperature in the carbonization furnace I is 295-305 ℃ and the temperature in the carbonization furnace II is 495-505 ℃.
In the invention, the rotating speed of the mixing system is 150 r/min-200 r/min.
Specifically, the straws and the garden waste are cut to be 3cm +/-0.5 cm in length by a two-stage double-shaft shredder.
The high-temperature aerobic fermentation tank is provided with a ventilation system and a deodorization system.
The organic floating mud is obtained by dewatering the surface floating mud with the water content of 95 percent captured at the bottom of the lake, the thickness of the surface floating mud is 0.05-0.2 m, and the floating mud is rich in organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and the like, so that the prepared carbon-based fertilizer has good quality.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention can not only greatly reduce the amount of blue algae and floating mud, but also fully utilize organic matters, nitrogen and phosphorus in the blue algae and the floating mud, ensure the quality of the prepared carbon-based fertilizer, meet the requirements of reduction, reutilization and recycling of circular economy and have high economic value;
(2) After the float sludge, the algae sludge and the like are soaked in a sodium hydroxide solution, the prepared charcoal has a developed aperture structure and has the characteristics of large specific surface area, high cation exchange capacity, rich functional groups, high chemical and biological stability and the like, and then is fully mixed with organic float sludge, algae sludge, cut straws and garden wastes for fermentation, so that the prepared charcoal-based fertilizer has porosity and strong adsorption capacity, and has the advantages of keeping soil moisture, increasing microbial activity, locking soil nutrients, promoting plant growth, establishing lasting fertilizer efficiency and the like when being applied to soil;
(3) The raw materials of the invention mainly comprise blue algae, floating mud, straw, garden waste and the like, so that the cost is low, the source is wide, the current requirement for resource utilization of organic waste is met, and a new path for resource utilization of blue algae and mud is explored;
(4) The blue algae which cannot be treated in summer is deeply dehydrated and then treated into dry algae particles by the solar low-temperature evaporation drying process, so that the blue algae particles are easy to store for a long time, and the problem that the blue algae is rotten and smells to pollute the environment is solved;
(5) In the preparation process, the surface area of the dried algae particles is increased after the dried algae particles are crushed into the dried algae powder, so that the dried algae particles can be more fully mixed with other materials;
(6) According to the invention, the dehydrated algae mud is directly used for material mixing to prepare the carbon-based fertilizer in summer, and the dry algae granules are used as raw materials for material mixing to prepare the carbon-based fertilizer in seasons lacking the algae mud, so that the continuous and stable operation of equipment is ensured, and the problem that a resource device is idle is solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the preparation process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are further illustrated below with reference to examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
As shown in the figure, the invention comprises the following steps:
(A) Dehydrating blue algae to obtain algae mud I, and treating the algae mud I by a solar low-temperature evaporation drying process to obtain dry algae particles;
(B) Crushing the dry algae granules obtained in the step (A) to obtain dry algae powder, and adding water into the dry algae powder to prepare algae mud II;
(C) Adding 7-8 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution into organic float sludge and the algae sludge I obtained in the step (A) or the algae sludge II obtained in the step (B) for soaking for 8-10 h, then conveying the algae sludge into a carbonization furnace I for carbonization, wherein the temperature in the carbonization furnace I is 300 +/-5 ℃, and after carbonization, screening the carbonized materials to obtain biochar I, wherein combustible gases such as carbon monoxide, methane, hydrogen and the like can be generated in the carbonization process, tar, pyrolignous acid and the like are separated by a flue gas exchange device to obtain pure combustible gases, and then a self-gas-distribution burner is used for burning the biochar to heat a carbonization roller, so that the problem of heat energy required by carbonization furnace equipment is solved, self-supply is realized, and the purpose of circular heating carbonization is achieved;
(D) Conveying the crushed straws and garden wastes into a carbonization furnace II for dry distillation and carbonization, wherein the temperature in the carbonization furnace II is 500 +/-5 ℃, and thus obtaining biochar II;
(E) Feeding the straws and garden waste into a two-stage double-shaft shredder to be cut to the required length of about 3cm +/-0.5 cm;
(F) Respectively conveying the organic float sludge, the algae sludge, the cut straws and the garden waste to a mixing system through a conveying device, slowly adding the biochar I obtained in the step (A) or the biochar II obtained in the step (B) and water in a stirring state, fully stirring and mixing, and keeping the stirring speed at 150 to 200r/min all the time;
(G) The mixed materials are conveyed into a high-temperature aerobic fermentation tank through a feeding conveying device for high-temperature fermentation, a ventilation system and a deodorization system are matched in the high-temperature aerobic fermentation tank to ensure that the aerobic fermentation process is carried out in the optimal state, the external environment is not polluted, the fermentation time is 10-12 days, the fermentation temperature is kept at 55-65 ℃, the pH = 6-8, the reaction activities of microorganisms under different pH values and temperature conditions are different, so that the yield of the carbon-based fertilizer is also different, and the treated clinker is crushed by a crusher, screened and packaged and can be directly used as the fertilizer.
Example 1:
a method for preparing a carbon-based fertilizer by using organic float sludge and dehydrated algae sludge is disclosed, wherein the carbon-based fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of organic floating mud, I parts of algae mud or II parts of algae mud, 20 parts of biochar, 20 parts of straws, 20 parts of garden waste and a proper amount of water.
Conveying the materials in parts by weight into a mixing system, mixing, conveying into a high-temperature aerobic fermentation tank, controlling the aerobic fermentation time to be 10 days, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 55 ℃ and the pH value to be 6.8, crushing the treated clinker by a crusher, screening and packaging to obtain the required carbon-based fertilizer: sample # 1.
Example 2:
a method for preparing a carbon-based fertilizer by using organic floating mud and dehydrated algae mud is disclosed, wherein the carbon-based fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: the organic floating mud is 70, the algae mud I or II 55, the charcoal I30, the straw 20, the garden waste 20 and a proper amount of water.
Conveying the materials in parts by weight to a mixing system, mixing, conveying to a high-temperature aerobic fermentation tank, controlling the aerobic fermentation time to be 10 days, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 55 ℃ and the pH value to be 6.8, crushing the treated clinker by a crusher, screening and packaging to obtain the required carbon-based fertilizer: sample # 2.
Example 3:
a method for preparing a carbon-based fertilizer by using organic floating mud and dehydrated algae mud is disclosed, wherein the carbon-based fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: the organic floating mud 65, the algae mud I or II 50, the charcoal I20, the straw 25, the garden waste 25 and a proper amount of water.
Conveying the materials in parts by weight to a mixing system, mixing, conveying to a high-temperature aerobic fermentation tank, controlling the aerobic fermentation time to be 12 days, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 60 ℃ and the pH value to be 6.8, crushing the treated clinker by a crusher, screening and packaging to obtain the required carbon-based fertilizer: sample # 3.
Example 4:
a method for preparing a carbon-based fertilizer by using organic floating mud and dehydrated algae mud is disclosed, wherein the carbon-based fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: the organic floating mud is 60, the algae mud I or II 55, the charcoal II 30, the straw 20, the garden waste 20 and a proper amount of water.
Conveying the materials in parts by weight to a mixing system, mixing, conveying to a high-temperature aerobic fermentation tank, controlling the aerobic fermentation time to be 12 days, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 65 ℃ and the pH value to be 6.8, crushing the treated clinker by a crusher, screening and packaging to obtain the required carbon-based fertilizer: sample # 4.
Example 5:
a method for preparing a carbon-based fertilizer by using organic float sludge and dehydrated algae sludge is disclosed, wherein the carbon-based fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of organic floating mud, I parts of algae mud or II parts of algae mud 55, II 30 parts of biochar, 20 parts of straws, 20 parts of garden waste and a proper amount of water.
Conveying the materials in parts by weight into a mixing system, mixing, conveying into a high-temperature aerobic fermentation tank, controlling the aerobic fermentation time to be 10 days, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 65 ℃ and the pH value to be 6.8, crushing the treated clinker by a crusher, screening and packaging to obtain the required carbon-based fertilizer: sample # 5.
Example 6:
a method for preparing a carbon-based fertilizer by using organic floating mud and dehydrated algae mud is disclosed, wherein the carbon-based fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: the organic floating mud is 60, the algae mud I or II 55, the charcoal I30, the straw 20, the garden waste 20 and a proper amount of water.
Conveying the materials in parts by weight to a mixing system, mixing, conveying to a high-temperature aerobic fermentation tank, controlling the aerobic fermentation time to be 10 days, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 65 ℃ and the pH value to be 6.8, crushing the treated clinker by a crusher, screening and packaging to obtain the required carbon-based fertilizer: sample # 6.
The application effect of the invention is illustrated as follows:
in order to verify the application effect of the invention, the 1-6 # samples obtained in the examples are tested for various index contents (organic matter, N, P and the like), and the results all meet the requirements in NY/T3618-2020 biochar-based organic fertilizer.
The samples 1-6 obtained in the examples are used for crop planting tests, 6 mu of paddy field is selected as an experimental group, the samples 1-6 are released into the field as base fertilizers according to the conditions of 180kg-250kg per mu, no treatment is carried out on the paddy field 6 mu of a control group, other maintenance conditions and water and fertilizer management are the same, and the results prove that: in the process of preparing the carbon-based fertilizer, no matter the biochar I or the biochar II is added, the finally prepared carbon-based fertilizer is released into a field, the growth potential of rice in an experimental group is better than that of rice in a control group, the use amount of chemical fertilizer in the later period is reduced, and the stress resistance of the rice is also improved.
In conclusion, the method for preparing the carbon-based fertilizer by using the organic floating mud and the dehydrated algae mud, which is provided by the invention, has the advantages of low production cost, wide raw material source, capability of meeting the requirements on nutrient components and wide application field range, and can be used for greening planting soil, activating soil, adjusting soil components and the like.
Other undescribed portions of the present invention are the same as the prior art.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated, further modifications of the invention will occur to those skilled in the art and are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for preparing a carbon-based fertilizer by using organic float sludge and dehydrated algae sludge is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(A) Dehydrating blue algae to obtain algae mud I, and treating the algae mud I by a solar low-temperature evaporation drying process to obtain dry algae particles;
(B) Crushing the dry algae granules obtained in the step (A) to obtain dry algae powder, and adding water into the obtained dry algae powder to prepare algae mud II;
(C) Uniformly mixing organic floating mud with the algae mud I obtained in the step (A) or the algae mud II obtained in the step (B), adding 7-8 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution into the obtained mixture for impregnation, conveying the impregnated mixed solution into a carbonization furnace I for carbonization reaction, controlling the temperature in the carbonization furnace I to be 280-320 ℃, and screening the carbonized material to obtain biochar I;
(D) Conveying the crushed straws and garden waste into a carbonization furnace II for dry distillation and carbonization reaction, wherein the temperature in the carbonization furnace II is 480-520 ℃, and thus obtaining biochar II;
(E) Conveying the straws and garden waste to a two-stage double-shaft shredder for cutting;
(F) Conveying the organic floating mud, the algae mud I or the algae mud II, the straws cut in the step (E) and the garden waste to a mixing system, slowly adding the biochar I obtained in the step (C) or the biochar II obtained in the step (D) and water in the stirring process, and fully stirring and mixing;
(G) And (3) conveying the mixed materials into a high-temperature aerobic fermentation tank for high-temperature fermentation for 10-12 days, keeping the fermentation temperature at 55-65 ℃, controlling the pH value to be 6-8, crushing after fermentation, screening and packaging to obtain the required carbon-based fertilizer.
2. The method for preparing the carbon-based fertilizer by using the organic float sludge and the dehydrated algae sludge as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-70 parts of organic floating mud, 30-60 parts of algae mud I or algae mud II, 10-30 parts of biochar I or biochar II, 15-30 parts of straws, 10-25 parts of garden waste and water.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic float sludge has a water content of 60% ± 2%, the algae sludge i or ii has a water content of 60% or less, and the dried algae particles have a water content of 10% or less.
4. The method for preparing carbon-based fertilizer by using organic float sludge and dewatered algae sludge as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 8mol/L, and the time of the immersion treatment is 8-10 h, preferably 8h.
5. The method for preparing carbon-based fertilizer using organic float sludge and dewatered algae sludge as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature in the carbonization furnace I is 295-305 ℃ and the temperature in the carbonization furnace II is 495-505 ℃.
6. The method for preparing carbon-based fertilizer by using organic float sludge and dehydrated algae sludge as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotation speed of the mixing system is 150 r/min to 200r/min.
7. The method for preparing a carbon-based fertilizer using organic float sludge and dewatered algae sludge as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stalks and garden waste are cut to a length of 3cm ± 0.5cm by a two-stage double-shaft shredder.
8. The method for preparing carbon-based fertilizer using organic float sludge and dewatered algae sludge as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high temperature aerobic fermentation tank is provided with a ventilation system and a deodorization system.
9. The method for preparing carbon-based fertilizer using organic float sludge and dehydrated algal mud according to claim 1, wherein the organic float sludge is obtained by dehydrating superficial float sludge having a water content of 95% captured from the bottom of a lake, and the thickness of the superficial float sludge is 0.05m to 0.2m.
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