CN105087070A - Rural ecological energy utilization system - Google Patents

Rural ecological energy utilization system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105087070A
CN105087070A CN201510577475.1A CN201510577475A CN105087070A CN 105087070 A CN105087070 A CN 105087070A CN 201510577475 A CN201510577475 A CN 201510577475A CN 105087070 A CN105087070 A CN 105087070A
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China
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biomass
gas
utilization system
energy utilization
rural
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CN201510577475.1A
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杨小凤
仕玉治
范明元
刘海娇
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Water Resources Research Institute of Shandong Province
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Water Resources Research Institute of Shandong Province
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Priority to CN201510577475.1A priority Critical patent/CN105087070A/en
Publication of CN105087070A publication Critical patent/CN105087070A/en
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10Process efficiency
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/20Sludge processing
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/30Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
    • Y02W10/37Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy

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  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a rural ecological energy utilization system. The rural ecological energy utilization system comprises a biomass granulation machine, a biomass gasifier, a dust remover, a livestock and poultry farm, a methane tank and a fermentation bed ecological mat. A biomass raw material is treated by virtue of the biomass granulation machine and then enters the biomass gasifier, the outlet of the biomass gasifier is connected with the dust remover, and the outlet of the dust remover is connected with a gas storage tank by virtue of a water vapour removal tower; and the livestock and poultry farm is respectively connected with the methane tank and the fermentation bed ecological mat, the methane tank is respectively connected with a desulphurization tower, a liquid storage tank and a slag storage tank, and the outlet of the desulphurization tower is connected with the gas storage tank by virtue of the water vapour removal tower. In rural areas, resources are reasonably utilized according to seasons, the traditional cement ground pig raising mode is organically combined with a fermentation bed pig raising mode, and gas is produced by adopting the biomass gasifier in autumn and winter when biomass resources are harvested; and the gas is produced by adopting the methane tank in summer when the biomass resources grow, so that energy sources are produced, the environment is improved, the energy production efficiency is improved, and thus the rural ecological energy utilization system is a green project which can save the energy and protect the environment.

Description

A kind of rural ecological energy utilization system
Technical field
The present invention relates to clean energy, aquaculture wastewater process field, be specifically related to a kind of rural ecological energy utilization system.
Background technology
Pig farm treatment for cow manure pattern has three kinds both at home and abroad at present: also field pattern, Natural treatment mode and factory processes pattern.
Also field pattern is a kind of traditional, cost-effective tupe, can realize zero release of pollutant, reduces fertilizer amount, increases soil fertility, but need limit plant's scale, will have enough farmland digestion capability around; Natural treatment mode has the processing mode such as oxidation pond, artificial swamp, has reduced investment, less energy consumption, feature that operational and administrative expenses is low, but land occupation is comparatively large, and treatment effect, by seasonal effect, also may cause groundwater pollution; Namely batch production process carries out pre-treatment, anaerobism, aerobic treatment etc.This pattern requires lower to land area, but requires large to fund input, and the situation current China aquaculture being still in meagre profit is not inconsistent.
China, in 20 century 70 later stages, just starts to build evaluation of biogas project on husbandry farms.In recent years, both the central and local governments all increase evaluation of biogas project on husbandry farms total project cost.Facts have proved, promote in plant based on the anaerobic fermentation technology of biogas engineering construction, recyclable biomass energy, meets the development strategy of energy-saving and emission-reduction and the developing green energy, can concentrate to peasant household's supply biogas, can also marsh gas power generation.Biogas is a kind of clean energy, wherein methane 60 ~ 70%, carbonic acid gas 25 ~ 30%, also has the gases such as a small amount of water vapor, hydrogen sulfide.But underground built in by methane-generating pit, throughout the year with the change of temperature, factor of created gase also changes thereupon.Cooling in winter can make methane tank gas production abnormal, and gas production rate is little, not even aerogenesis.Multiple solution is had at present to methane-generating pit Biogas production during winter problem, as: methane-generating pit surface coverage, add a cover roof insulating, electric heating film heating insulating, solar water heater insulation etc., but these technology are with high power consumption, high cost for cost, and need the artificial maintenance meticulously of cost.
Fermentation bed to raise pig technology is laid using the matrix bedding and padding of the raw material compositions such as husk, sawdust, rice bran as substratum in pig house, inoculation environment probiotic bacterium, swine rearing is above, use the microorganism in bedding and padding to degrade rapidly, digest pig excrements thus realize flushing-free swinery, odorless, no pollution, reach environmental protection, non-harmful cultivation object from source.Fermentation bed to raise pig technology is a kind of green cultivation technology based on environment protection theory, achieves object that is pollution-free, low emission, alleviates the pressure that pig industry causes environment.Probiotic bacterium in bedding and padding, with still indigested pig manure for bait is bred, utilizes pig manure nutrition ramp, can fall nitrogen deodorizing, suppress disease etc.When oxygen supply is abundant, the organism in energy fast degradation ight soil.Fermentation mattress is soft, and close to the natural living environment of pig, meet pig arch food needs to the full extent, reduce disease, promote the health of pig, more traditional the raising pigs of meat trophic structure has clear improvement.But fermentation bed piggery temperature, higher than traditional pig house, is conducive to pig and passes the winter, and is unfavorable for that pig gets over the summer.Summer easily produces high temperature, affects microbic activity, and microorganism is stopped or abnormal fermentation, affects pig growth.Therefore, it is possible to suit measures to local conditions, exploitation is applicable to the pattern of raising pigs of China's national situation, is the key of pig industry from now on.
The plant biomass energy is a huge sun power warehouse, is one of important green energy resource.Develop the plant biomass energy, develop sun power exactly.The plant biomass energy can regenerate, inexhaustible.Development phyteral is the green energy resource transformation technology of raw material, meets the theme of " social sustainable development ".
In recent years, agricultural crop straw becomes the new source of Rural Plane Source Pollution.Straw field is burned, and produces a large amount of dense smoke, also brings disaster to urban environment.China is large agricultural country, dispose these " wastes ", and key is the comprehensive exploitation improving crop stalk.Straw, except making feed, chopping and returning, papermaking, sheet material, conversion edible mushrooms technology, preparing active carbon etc., can also produce biogas.Biogas is that biomass (comprising straw, sawmilling, straw, leaf, bacterium slag etc.) are under high temperature condition, produce the energy conversion process of thermal chemical reaction, plant the atom of the elements such as the carbon in matter, hydrogen, oxygen, at reaction conditions according to the one-tenth key principle of chemical bond, generate the inflammable gass such as carbon monoxide, methane, hydrogen.Can be inflammable gas by all living things matter converting fuel, for people provide new forms of energy.According to investigations, it is the highest by 20% ~ 25% that Chinese countryside makes native stove thermo-efficiency by oneself, and biomass stove thermo-efficiency can reach 87% ~ 89%.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of rural ecological energy utilization system, according to China's country practical situation, suit measures to local conditions, rural area livestock culture is combined with Biomass Energy Utilization, safety, environmental protection, economical.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of rural ecological energy utilization system, comprise biomass granulation machine, biomass gasifying furnace, fly-ash separator, livestock and poultry farm, methane-generating pit and fermentation bed ecological pad, biomass material enters biomass gasifying furnace after biomass granulation machine process, the outlet of biomass gasifying furnace connects fly-ash separator, and the outlet of fly-ash separator is connected with gas-holder by the turret that dewaters; Livestock and poultry farm is connected with methane-generating pit and fermentation bed ecological pad respectively, and methane-generating pit is connected with thionizer, liquid storage tank, storage slag bath respectively, and the outlet of described thionizer is connected with gas-holder by the turret that dewaters.
Particularly, described gas-holder is connected with gas-cooker, biogas biogas generating set respectively.
Particularly, described fermentation bed ecological pad is arranged in livestock and poultry farm.
Particularly, described biomass material is one or more in stalk, sawmilling, straw, leaf, bacterium slag.
Particularly, described biomass gasifying furnace is downdraft fixed-bed gasification furnace.
At the cold season based on winter, the biomass materials such as the crop straw gather in the crops autumn, through airing, pulverize compound stalk forming, with biomass gasifying furnace aerogenesis for home-use or generating; And plant's fermentation bed ecological pad cultivation, ight soil need not be cleared up, save labour and be conducive to the growth of pig.
At the warm season based on summer, plant adopts conventional cement ground to raise pigs, easy cleaning ight soil, and the ight soil cleared out drops into methane-generating pit fermentation, and the biogas of generation is for home-use or generating; Now old biomass material consumption is used up, and new biomass material is not yet gathered in the crops, biomass gasifying furnace of can stopping using.
The present invention has following beneficial effect: energy utilization system of the present invention is made rational use of resources by season in rural area, in the autumn and winter of biomass resource results, adopts biomass gasifying furnace aerogenesis; In the summer of biomass resource growth, adopt methane tank gas production, produce the energy, environmental protect, improving capacity efficiency, is a kind of green engineering of energy-conserving and environment-protective.This system is proceeded from the reality, conventional cement raise pigs pattern and fermentation bed to raise pig pattern combine, according to Various Seasonal, raise pigs with being used alternatingly conventional cement and the pattern of fermentation bed to raise pig, promote aquaculture development.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the composition schematic diagram of energy utilization system of the present invention.
Embodiment
Now the present invention is described in detail by reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of rural ecological energy utilization system, comprise biomass granulation machine, biomass gasifying furnace, fly-ash separator, livestock and poultry farm, methane-generating pit and fermentation bed ecological pad, biomass material enters biomass gasifying furnace after biomass granulation machine process, the outlet of biomass gasifying furnace connects fly-ash separator, and the outlet of fly-ash separator is connected with gas-holder by the turret that dewaters; Livestock and poultry farm is connected with methane-generating pit and fermentation bed ecological pad respectively, and methane-generating pit is connected with thionizer, liquid storage tank, storage slag bath respectively, and the outlet of described thionizer is connected with gas-holder by the turret that dewaters.
Particularly, described gas-holder is connected with gas-cooker, biogas biogas generating set respectively.
Particularly, described fermentation bed ecological pad is arranged in livestock and poultry farm.
Particularly, described biomass material is one or more in stalk, sawmilling, straw, leaf, bacterium slag.
Particularly, described biomass gasifying furnace is downdraft fixed-bed gasification furnace.
At the cold season based on winter, crop straw etc. is pulverized compound stalk forming through airing biomass granulation machine, as biomass gasifying furnace fuel.Because in material, moisture evaporation can produce thermosteresis, vapourizing furnace thermo-efficiency is reduced, and also reduce the quality of output gas, material moisture controls within 15% simultaneously.Namely qualified express material can not have obvious moisture, can ensure vapourizing furnace economy, reliably run, and comparatively dry granules is not easily gone mouldy, and should store.The material of standing storage, if material overdrying during use, can suitable humidification.About 60 × 60 × 60mm of material size, between deviation ± 20mm.Particle is too little can increase gas flow resistance and blower fan load, and output gas temperature out is reduced; Particle too conference produces " bridging " phenomenon in body of heater, makes material skewness in body of heater cause local temperature to increase.
Biomass gasifying furnace, non-generic family expenses " stove ", body of heater volume is too little, and the temperature and time of its thermal response is very limited, and vaporization rate is very low, and gas production rate is not enough, and can not tar removing.Biomass gasifying furnace should select suite of equipment, but scale is too large, and pipeline growth can strengthen raw material and maintenance cost, and security can not ensure, advises taking villages and small towns as the straw gasifying station (have ready conditions can supporting power plant) that unit builds medium and small scale.
Biomass gasifying furnace adopts downdraft fixed-bed gasification furnace.Namely the air as vaporized chemical is blown into from vapourizing furnace sidewall air nozzle, and the flow direction of its output gas is consistent with material falling direction.The air be blown into and mixing of materials are burnt, and this region is oxidation zone, temperature 900 ~ 1200 DEG C, and the heat of generation is for supporting pyrolysis zone scission reaction and reduction zone reduction reaction; Oxidation zone top is pyrolysis zone, temperature 300 ~ 700 DEG C, this region, and the volatile component (splitting gas, tar and moisture) in biomass is separated; Top, pyrolysis zone is drying zone, and material is preheated in this region; Oxidation zone bottom is reduction zone, the CO that oxidation zone produces 2, carbon, water vapour carries out reduction reaction in this region, there is scission reaction in this region in simultaneously remaining tar, produces with CO and H 2be main output gas, this regional temperature 700 ~ 900 DEG C.Because the gas being rich in tar from pyrolysis zone must through high temperature oxidation district with based on the reduction zone of red-hot coke, the tar in gas is at high temperature cleaved, thus makes the tar in output gas be minimizing.Namely this gasification can second pyrolysis tar, effectively reduces the coal-tar middle oil content of product.
In order to make the homogeneous temperature at each position of oxidation zone consistent, being unlikely to produce dead band and overheated zone, ensureing that coke tar cracking reaction is carried out to greatest extent, lower portion of furnace body size reduces, formed " throat ", the multiple air nozzle of hopper lower disposed, to ensure that material fully mixes with air.The composition of air capacity on output gas also has impact, when the oxygen in air and material perfect combustion, can not produce inflammable gas; When gasification reaction requisite oxygen is perfect combustion oxygen-consumption 25% ~ 30%, output gas composition is more satisfactory.Answer capping when moisture in biomass material is comparatively large or volatile component is less, otherwise remove the limit.
The gas of output adopts centrifugal dry gas cleaning, the dust in combustion gas and tar is thrown away by centrifugation.Then use air water separator to remove water vapour, carbonic acid gas can also be removed further, then deliver to gas-holder and store.The gas stored can be used for home-use or generating.
To be that unit is supporting with villages and small towns build up medium and small plant in plant.Now, plant's fermentation bed ecological pad is raised pigs, and need not clear up ight soil.After cold season terminates, whole ecological pad clears out plant as fertilizer.
At the warm season based on summer, plant adopts conventional cement ground to raise pigs, the fecal sewage cleared out drops into methane-generating pit fermentation, methane-generating pit is directly built in below pig house, the biogas produced removes water vapour through dry desulfurizing tower desulfurization, air water separator, then deliver to gas-holder to store, the gas of storage can be used for home-use or generating.Wherein, natural pond slag directly can be used for farmland as base manure, also can be used for seedling medium and the composite cultivation substrate of soilless culture.Natural pond liquid both can make fertilizer, also can as environment friendly agricultural, for seed soaking and foliage-spray, had significantly disease-resistant, strong sprout and production-increasing function.
Now, original biomass material is through the basic approach exhaustion of cold season, and new biomass material grows, biomass gasifying furnace of can stopping using.
Biogas is primarily of CH 4composition, biogas is primarily of CH 4, CO, H 2composition, two kinds of gases are compatible inflammable gass.So, be connected with two-way valve available after Marsh gas desulfurizing tower after this system biological matter vapourizing furnace fly-ash separator, share dewater steam tower and gas-holder.Generating set is biogas and biogas dual-purpose generator group, and the family expenses gas tools such as gas-cooker are also the dual-purpose gas tools of biogas and biogas.
Combustion gas exports before gas-holder enters the family expenses gas tools such as gas-cooker, install that Safety water seal, combustion gas reverse checkvalve, spark arrester etc. avoid combustion gas to pour in down a chimney, tempering unexpected.
This ecosystem is made rational use of resources by season in rural area, produces the energy, environmental protect, and improve capacity efficiency, promote aquaculture development, be a kind of green engineering of energy-conserving and environment-protective simultaneously.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, and anyone should learn the structural changes made under enlightenment of the present invention, and every have identical or close technical scheme with the present invention, all falls within protection scope of the present invention.
The technology that the present invention does not describe in detail, shape, structure part are known technology.

Claims (5)

1. a rural ecological energy utilization system, it is characterized in that, comprise biomass granulation machine, biomass gasifying furnace, fly-ash separator, livestock and poultry farm, methane-generating pit and fermentation bed ecological pad, biomass material enters biomass gasifying furnace after biomass granulation machine process, the outlet of biomass gasifying furnace connects fly-ash separator, and the outlet of fly-ash separator is connected with gas-holder by the turret that dewaters; Livestock and poultry farm is connected with methane-generating pit and fermentation bed ecological pad respectively, and methane-generating pit is connected with thionizer, liquid storage tank, storage slag bath respectively, and the outlet of described thionizer is connected with gas-holder by the turret that dewaters.
2. rural ecological energy utilization system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described gas-holder is connected with gas-cooker, biogas biogas generating set respectively.
3. rural ecological energy utilization system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described fermentation bed ecological pad is arranged in livestock and poultry farm.
4. rural ecological energy utilization system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described biomass material is one or more in stalk, sawmilling, straw, leaf, bacterium slag.
5. rural ecological energy utilization system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described biomass gasifying furnace is downdraft fixed-bed gasification furnace.
CN201510577475.1A 2015-09-11 2015-09-11 Rural ecological energy utilization system Pending CN105087070A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105967328A (en) * 2016-06-19 2016-09-28 绍兴文理学院 Method for treating artificial wetland breeding wastewater by integration of straw, biochar and organism
CN106318857A (en) * 2016-08-31 2017-01-11 韩纪文 Ecological new rural energy environment integrated device
CN109869206A (en) * 2017-12-01 2019-06-11 李跃怡 The method that industrial methane generates electricity in conjunction with water burner
CN114183691A (en) * 2021-12-09 2022-03-15 西京学院 Distributed combined energy supply system based on gasification station and methane tank

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105967328A (en) * 2016-06-19 2016-09-28 绍兴文理学院 Method for treating artificial wetland breeding wastewater by integration of straw, biochar and organism
CN106318857A (en) * 2016-08-31 2017-01-11 韩纪文 Ecological new rural energy environment integrated device
CN106318857B (en) * 2016-08-31 2018-10-30 肇庆中能创智信息科技有限公司 A kind of ecotype new rural village energy environment integrated apparatus
CN109869206A (en) * 2017-12-01 2019-06-11 李跃怡 The method that industrial methane generates electricity in conjunction with water burner
CN114183691A (en) * 2021-12-09 2022-03-15 西京学院 Distributed combined energy supply system based on gasification station and methane tank

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