CN115529959A - Application of red melon germplasm as grafting stock of cucurbitaceous melon crops and grafting method - Google Patents
Application of red melon germplasm as grafting stock of cucurbitaceous melon crops and grafting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115529959A CN115529959A CN202211326103.8A CN202211326103A CN115529959A CN 115529959 A CN115529959 A CN 115529959A CN 202211326103 A CN202211326103 A CN 202211326103A CN 115529959 A CN115529959 A CN 115529959A
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- 235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,6-bis(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]cyanamide Chemical compound N#CNC1=NC(NC#N)=NC(NC#N)=N1 FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 241000219112 Cucumis Species 0.000 title claims abstract 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000012828 Citrullus lanatus var citroides Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 240000008067 Cucumis sativus Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000009849 Cucumis sativus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000241235 Citrullus lanatus Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 230000006353 environmental stress Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 abstract 2
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- 241000219109 Citrullus Species 0.000 description 16
- 235000010799 Cucumis sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 9
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- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 241000219104 Cucurbitaceae Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 235000009847 Cucumis melo var cantalupensis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 235000000832 Ayote Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 235000009852 Cucurbita pepo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to application of red melon germplasm as a grafting stock of cucurbitaceous melon crops and a grafting method. The invention takes the red melon germ plasm which is not suitable for grafting as the stock, skillfully utilizes cuttage to solve the problems that the hypocotyl of the red melon germ plasm is thin and the red melon germ plasm grows slowly and is difficult to graft in the seedling stage, utilizes the characteristic that the stock wood is easy to branch to solve the problems that a large number of seeds are used and the dependence on the seeds is high, and also utilizes the characteristics that the root of the stock wood is thick and strong and has strong disease resistance and stress tolerance to solve the problems of continuous cropping obstacle of soil and relieving the influence of partial environmental stress, thereby reducing the dependence on the seeds and saving the production cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to application of red melon germplasm as a grafting stock of cucurbitaceous melon crops and a grafting method.
Background
Watermelon, melon, cucumber and the like are economic crops with wide cultivation areas in cucurbits, the cultivation areas and the yield of China are the first place in the world, and the watermelon, the melon, the cucumber and the like play an important role in national economic development. Continuous cropping obstacles caused by blight and the like are important factors for restricting the production of the melons. Grafting is one of the most economic and effective means for solving continuous cropping obstacles, and currently, melon grafting stocks mainly comprise pumpkins and cucurbits, partial watermelon stocks, partial melon stocks, partial cucumber stocks, partial towel gourds, partial wax gourds and the like. Since stocks such as cucurbits also face the threat of blight after years of application and have larger production risk, new stock types still need to be found besides updating the existing stock types and improving comprehensive disease resistance and stress tolerance. Meanwhile, in recent years, typhoons, rainstorms and frequent extreme high-temperature weather have great influence on melon production, so that the development of a new rootstock type which is resistant to high temperature and high humidity and suitable for grafting is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide application of red melon germplasm as a grafting stock of cucurbitaceae cucurbit crops and a grafting method, solves the technical problems that red melons are difficult to graft due to small seeds, slow growth speed and small hypocotyls at seedling stage, and the red melons have good stress resistance, less pest and disease damage, high temperature resistance and high humidity resistance as novel stocks.
The invention provides application of red melon germplasm as a rootstock of cucurbit crops in grafting seedling cultivation.
Preferably, the cucurbit crop comprises a melon, a cucumber or a watermelon.
The invention also provides a grafting method of the cucurbitaceae cucurbit crop, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of obtaining fresh branches of red melon germplasm, cutting the branches into stem sections containing leaves and/or axillary buds, cutting the stem sections to root, taking the stem sections as rootstocks, and grafting.
Preferably, the red melon germplasm comprises the red melon germplasm resource with the number A336 introduced from a southwest wild organism germplasm resource library in China.
Preferably, the red melon germplasm is planted after being cultured for 3 weeks, grows for at least 1 month after being planted, and partial fresh branches of the red melon germplasm are cut off.
Preferably, the stem section is obtained by truncating the area which is more than 1cm away from the physiological upper end and the physiological lower end of the base of the petiole of the fresh branch;
the stem segment comprises 1 or more leaves and/or axillary buds.
Preferably, the grafting method comprises cleft grafting or grafting.
Preferably, the method also comprises grafted seedling management and production management after grafting.
Preferably, the grafted seedling management comprises the steps of removing lateral branches or leaves of the red melon germplasm self-growing after the grafting survives, and then hardening and planting seedlings.
Preferably, the hardening-seedling time is 3d.
Has the advantages that: the invention provides application of red melon germplasm as a grafting stock of cucurbitaceae cucurbits crops, wherein the red melon germplasm is conventionally considered to be small in red melon seed, slow in growth speed and small in seedling hypocotyl, and is not easy to be used for grafting. The invention skillfully utilizes the cutting to solve the problems that hypocotyls of red melon germplasm are thin and grow slowly and are not easy to graft in the seedling stage, utilizes the characteristic that stock trees are easy to branch to solve the problems of large amount of seeds and high dependence on the seeds, and utilizes the characteristics of strong root, strong disease resistance and strong stress resistance of the stock trees to solve the problems of continuous cropping obstacle of soil and relieving the influence of partial environmental stress, thereby reducing the dependence on seeds and saving the production cost.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a living seedling formed by cleft grafting of red melon germplasm as a rootstock in example 2.
Detailed Description
The invention provides application of red melon germplasm as a rootstock of cucurbit crops in grafting seedling cultivation.
The red melon germplasm disclosed by the invention is preferably a red melon germplasm resource with the number A336 introduced from a southwest wild biological germplasm resource library in China. The cucurbit crop of the invention preferably comprises a melon, a cucumber or a watermelon.
The invention also provides a grafting method of the cucurbitaceae cucurbit crop, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of obtaining fresh branches of red melon germplasm, cutting the branches into stem sections containing leaves and/or axillary buds, cutting the stem sections to root, taking the stem sections as rootstocks, and grafting.
The method for obtaining the fresh branches of the red melon germplasm preferably comprises the following steps: and (3) planting the red melon germplasm after 3 weeks of seedling culture, wherein the plant spacing is 50-100 cm during planting, the red melon germplasm grows for more than 1 month after planting, and part of fresh branches of the red melon germplasm are cut off. The cut fresh branches are preferably truncated to obtain stem segments containing leaves and/or axillary buds, and more preferably, the stem segments are truncated in the areas which are more than 1cm away from the physiological upper end and the physiological lower end of the base of the petiole of the fresh branches. Each of said stem segments of the present invention preferably comprises 1 or more leaves and/or axillary buds.
Preferably, the stem sections are subjected to cuttage, the cuttage preferably comprises the step that the base of each stem section is dipped with rooting medicines or directly inserted into soil or matrix, soil moisture is guaranteed, and the red melon branches can be used as rootstocks after new roots grow out in about 1 week. When the rootstock is used for grafting, the grafting method is not particularly limited, and the grafting can be carried out by using a conventional grafting method in the field, preferably comprises a cleft grafting method or a grafting method, for example, when cleft grafting is carried out, the upper branch end of an axillary bud is cleft from the middle by using a blade, and a melon scion is grafted with a red melon branch by using the cleft grafting method according to the conventional technology.
After the grafting, the invention preferably also comprises grafted seedling management and production management. The grafted seedling management method preferably comprises the steps of removing lateral branches or leaves of the red melon germplasm self-growing after grafting survival, hardening seedlings and planting, wherein the hardening time is preferably 3d. After the grafting of the invention, the grafted seedling can survive for about 1 week, the lateral branches or leaves of the self-growing red melon are removed, then the seedling is hardened, and the field planting can be carried out after about 3 days; and then carrying out production management according to the conventional melon grafted seedling.
In the invention, the red melon germplasm has a far genetic relationship with the existing main melons, and seedlings are not easy to be used as materials of rootstocks, so that the red melon germplasm can be used for grafting the main melons. The invention can solve the problem of stock seed utilization, can be applied for a plurality of batches for a long time after one-time field planting, and does not need to purchase a large amount of stock seeds for a long time. The rootstock material used by the invention has strong regeneration capability, easy cuttage, high survival rate and good grafting affinity with main melons, and is suitable for melon grafting. In addition, the rootstock used in the invention has developed root system, high temperature resistance and moisture resistance, strong disease resistance and stress tolerance, is suitable for solving the soil continuous cropping obstacle and expanding the application range of main melon cultivation, and can better relieve the influence of the current production situations such as abnormal high temperature, easy occurrence of moisture waterlogging and the like on the main melon production.
For further illustration of the present invention, the following detailed description will be made of the application of the red melon germplasm as the grafting stock of cucurbit crop and the grafting method thereof, with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1 grafting and production test of red melon after cutting
Test for grafting watermelon, melon, cucumber and other main melons with red melon as stock
Materials: the red melon stock is obtained by selfing and separating red melon material with the number A336 introduced from a wild biological germplasm resource library in southwest of China, watermelon scion is good (a commonly used and known variety in the market), melon scion Fengden honey 25 (a commercialized variety sold by Ningbo Fengden scientific and technology limited company), cucumber scion Bicui 20 (a commercialized variety purchased from Zhejiang Don forgetting to plant the agriculture limited company), and watermelon, melon and cucumber seedlings are used as comparison.
The method comprises the following steps: the test is carried out in the high and new agricultural technology test park of Ningbo city. The red melons are soaked for 2 hours and then sown in 50-hole trays filled with the matrix, grow to 1 leaf and 1 core after about 3 weeks, and are fixedly planted in a plastic greenhouse, the plant spacing is 50cm, and the furrow width is 3m. After the plant grows to stem semi-lignification, cutting the red melon branches by using scissors, then cutting the branches according to the standard of 1.2cm above and below the base of the leaf stalk, and reserving 1 leaf for each section. And cutting the red melons in the fruiting period, wherein more than 1000 seedlings can be cut in each seedling. Dipping the base of each branch with rooting medicine, inserting the base into a matrix to ensure that the soil moisture is more than 90%, growing new roots on the red melon branches after 7 days, and grafting by two grafting methods, wherein one method is to use a blade to split the upper branch end of the axillary bud from the middle and graft the upper branch end by a conventional cleft grafting method. And secondly, according to a conventional grafting method, part of the material is obliquely downwards at an angle of 30 degrees from the middle of the top end of the branch to cut off part of the branch to form an inclined plane, the bottom of a hypocotyl of the scion is cut into the same inclined plane, and the melon scion is grafted with a red melon branch. Managing according to a conventional grafted seedling management method, after 1 week, the grafted seedling survives, hardening the seedling after removing lateral branches or leaves of the self-growing red melon, and planting after 3 days. And then performing production management according to conventional grafted seedlings of watermelon, melon and cucumber.
As a result: the survival rates of grafted watermelons and grafted cucumbers in the two grafting methods of cleft grafting and patch grafting can reach more than 93% and 92% respectively, the survival rates of grafted melons can reach more than 93% and 91% respectively, and the survival rates of grafted cucumbers can reach more than 95% and 92% respectively. The watermelon, melon and cucumber fruits are normally produced, and the yield and quality of the fruits have no obvious difference from those of seedlings.
Example 2 grafting of melon on Red melon stock
Materials: the red melon stock is obtained by selfing and separating red melon materials with the number A336 introduced from a southwest wild biological germplasm resource library of China; melon scion Fengdan Honey 25 (commercial variety, available from Ningbo Fengdan Seiki science and technology Co., ltd.).
The method comprises the following steps: the test is carried out in the high and new agricultural technology test park in Ningbo city. The red melons are soaked for 2 hours and then sown in 50-hole trays filled with the matrix, grow to 1 leaf and 1 core after about 3 weeks, and are fixedly planted in a plastic greenhouse, the plant spacing is 50cm, and the furrow width is 3m. After the plant grows to stem semi-lignification, the red melon branches are cut off by scissors and then cut according to the standard of 1.2cm above and below the base of the leaf stalk, and 1 leaf is reserved in each section. The base of each branch is inserted into the substrate, the soil moisture is ensured to be more than 90%, and the upper branch end of the axillary bud is split from the middle by a blade to graft the melon scion to the red melon branch by a conventional cleft grafting method. Managing according to a conventional grafted seedling management method, after 1 week, the grafted seedling survives, hardening the seedling after removing lateral branches or leaves of the self-growing red melon, and planting after 3 days. And then carrying out production management according to the conventional melon grafted seedling.
As a result: the survival rate of the grafted muskmelon can reach more than 90 percent (shown in figure 1), the field growth of the grafted material is normal, and the size and the quality of the muskmelon fruit after ripening have no obvious difference from those of a seedling.
Example 3 high temperature tolerance test of grafted seedling stage of red melon
Using the red melon grafted seedling in example 1, and taking the seedling of the Fengdeng honey 25 and the totipotent armored grafted seedling in comparative example 1 as a control, the scion grows to 1 leaf and 1 heart stage and is treated at high temperature. The test is carried out in an artificial climate box of a key laboratory for breeding Ningbo market melons and vegetables. The treatment conditions are 42/36 ℃ day and night, 16/8h day and night time, 85% humidity and 30000lux illumination, and the treatment lasts for 3d; the control temperature was 24/16 ℃ and the rest of the conditions were the same. The experiment was performed in 3 replicates, each replicate 10. Grading according to the standard that the plant is normal at grade 0, slightly wilted at the edge of a few leaves at grade 1, wilted at half of the leaves at grade 2, completely wilted at the leaves at the part of grade 3, wilted at the whole leaves at grade 4 and dead at grade 5. The result is that the whole red melon grafted seedling is 1-2 grade, the whole acanthopanax root grafted seedling is 2-3 grade, and the whole melon seedling is 3-4 grade. The result shows that the high temperature resistance of melons can be improved by utilizing the red melon grafting.
Using the red melon grafted seedling in example 1, and taking the seedling of the Fengdeng honey 25 and the totipotent armored grafted seedling in comparative example 1 as a control, the scion grows to 1 leaf and 1 heart stage and is treated at high temperature. The test is carried out in an artificial climate box of a key laboratory for breeding Ningbo market melons and vegetables. The treatment conditions are 24 ℃/16 ℃ day and night, the day and night time is 16/8h, the air humidity is 85%, the illumination is 30000lux, and the moisture does not pass through the substrate soil surface by 2cm; control substrate moisture was normal, treated for 5d. The experiment was performed in 3 replicates, each replicate 10. Grading according to the standard that the 0 grade is normal, the edge of a few leaves on the 1 grade is yellow, half of the 2 grade leaves are yellow, part of the 3 grade leaves are wilted completely, the 4 grade whole leaves are wilted, and the 5 grade plants are dead. The result is that the whole red melon grafted seedling is 0-1 grade, the whole acanthopanax root grafted seedling is 1-2 grade, and the whole melon seedling is 3-4 grade. The result shows that the moisture damage tolerance of melons can be improved by utilizing the red melon grafting.
Comparative example 1
The method is characterized in that a market conventional variety totipotent armored (purchased from Shandongde high-variety Co., ltd.) is used as a stock, grafted watermelon scion Zaojia (a commonly-used and well-known variety in the market), melon scion Fengdan honey 25 (a commercialized variety sold by Ningbo Fengden science and technology Co., ltd.), and cucumber scion Bicui 20 (a commercialized variety purchased from Zhejiang Dongfu forgetting agriculture Co., ltd.). Grafting is carried out according to a conventional grafting method. The survival rate of the grafted watermelon is 90 percent, the survival rate of the grafted melon is 86 percent, and the survival rate of the grafted cucumber is 87 percent. After grafting, the watermelon is planted in a plastic greenhouse, and after the fruits are ripe, the sugar degree of the watermelon fruits is reduced, and pulp fibers are increased. The melon has peculiar smell and reduced sugar degree. The abnormal fruit rate of cucumber is increased.
The red melon seedlings are used for grafting, the 1-leaf 1-heart stage is reached after 1 month after seeding, hypocotyls are extremely thin, the thickness is lower than that of watermelon seedlings, melon seedlings and cucumber seedlings, and the red melon seedlings are not suitable for grafting in the seedling stage.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and the embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The application of the red melon germ plasm as the rootstock of cucurbitaceous melon crops in grafting seedling cultivation.
2. Use according to claim 1, wherein the cucurbits comprise melons, cucumbers or watermelons.
3. The grafting method of the cucurbit crop is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of obtaining fresh branches of red melon germplasm, cutting the branches into stem sections containing leaves and/or axillary buds, and taking the stem sections as stocks after cutting and rooting for grafting.
4. The grafting method of claim 3, wherein the red melon germplasm comprises red melon germplasm resources of number A336 introduced from the southwest wild living species germplasm resources bank in China.
5. The grafting method according to claim 3, wherein the red melon germplasm is cultivated for 3 weeks and then planted, the red melon germplasm grows for at least 1 month after planting, and partial fresh branches of the red melon germplasm are cut off.
6. The grafting method according to claim 3 or 5, characterized in that the stem section is obtained by truncating in a region which is more than 1cm away from each of the physiological upper and lower ends of the base of the petiole of the fresh shoot;
the stem segment comprises 1 or more leaves and/or axillary buds.
7. The grafting method according to claim 3, wherein the grafting method comprises cleft grafting or grafting.
8. The grafting method according to claim 3, further comprising graft management and production management after said grafting.
9. The grafting method according to claim 8, wherein the management of the grafted seedlings comprises removing lateral branches or leaves of the red melon germplasm self-growing after the grafting survives, and then hardening and planting the seedlings.
10. The grafting method according to claim 9, wherein the hardening time is 3 days.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101167427A (en) * | 2007-11-20 | 2008-04-30 | 丁加刚 | Method for cultivating tomato stock using with resistant variety axillary buds cuttage |
| CN108307833A (en) * | 2018-03-08 | 2018-07-24 | 河北农业大学 | A kind of stock recycling method suitable for fruit and vegetable grafting |
| CN113924873A (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2022-01-14 | 海南省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | Cultivation method for circularly and uniformly producing multiple tomato grafted seedlings in multiple batches by using one seed |
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2022
- 2022-10-27 CN CN202211326103.8A patent/CN115529959A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101167427A (en) * | 2007-11-20 | 2008-04-30 | 丁加刚 | Method for cultivating tomato stock using with resistant variety axillary buds cuttage |
| CN108307833A (en) * | 2018-03-08 | 2018-07-24 | 河北农业大学 | A kind of stock recycling method suitable for fruit and vegetable grafting |
| CN113924873A (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2022-01-14 | 海南省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | Cultivation method for circularly and uniformly producing multiple tomato grafted seedlings in multiple batches by using one seed |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 俞学惠: "籽瓜嫁接换根防治枯萎病试验", 宁夏农林科技, no. 6, 31 December 1996 (1996-12-31), pages 35 * |
| 张楠等: "园艺学报", 4 份野生瓜类材料抗病性及形态特征和 SSR 亲缘关系研究, vol. 39, no. 5, 25 May 2012 (2012-05-25), pages 905 * |
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