CN115521431A - 一种聚氨酯软体发泡结皮塑料及其应用 - Google Patents
一种聚氨酯软体发泡结皮塑料及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及高分子材料领域,尤其是涉及一种聚氨酯软体发泡结皮塑料及其应用,包括发泡塑料层,所述的发泡塑料层包括如下重量配比的成分:聚醚:水:硅油:辛酸亚锡:三乙烯二胺溶液:一氟三氯甲烷:甲苯‑二异氰酸酯=100:1~3:1~1.5:0.15~0.2:0.2~0.5:5~15:30~50;所述的发泡塑料层由如下方法制备得到:将上述原料混合后,经喷涂、发泡形成发泡塑料层。本发明具有很好的防水性,手感舒适,比强度高,能吸收震动,适合作为缓冲材料使用,适用于在缓震锤子手柄中使用;应用于鱼刀时,因其密度小且具有优良的防水性,可以做到让整把鱼刀及刀鞘一起漂浮于水表上,防止鱼刀掉进水里后丢失。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子材料领域,尤其是涉及一种聚氨酯软体发泡结皮塑料及其应用。
背景技术
传统鱼刀一般采用不锈钢刀片,PP注塑刀鞘,PP+TPR注塑手柄,综合密度远远大于水的密度,因此在使用时不小心掉进水里就会沉没,对使用者造成很大的不便;传统锤子手柄一般采用金属、木头、玻纤棒外包一层PP塑料再包一层TPE软胶,如公开号为CN201030549Y的一种设置有握位的工具锤锤柄,特点是:在锤柄的手握端设置有指槽和隆起,握锤时,锤柄隆起部分贴于手心内,拇指、食指分别捏于指槽内,使用者能准确地握于着力最佳部位,不仅用力方便,而且抓握非常舒适。但是该锤子在敲击时仍然会产生强烈震动,锤子使用体验感很差,容易因为反弹而无法控制敲击的准确度。
聚氨酯软体发泡结皮塑料是一种柔软、有弹性的塑料,但是目前极少应用于工具领域, 本发明团队经过反复试验,逐步完善了聚氨酯软体发泡结皮材料技术难点,克服了其在工具领域应用的困难,实现了其在鱼刀手柄与减震锤子手柄上的应用。
发明内容
本发明是为了克服现有材料密度大、比强度低、缓震性能差的缺点,提供一种聚氨酯软体发泡结皮塑料,其密度低,具有优良的防水性,手感舒适,比强度高,能吸收震动的缓冲材料,及其在鱼刀手柄与减震锤子手柄中的应用。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:一种聚氨酯软体发泡结皮塑料,包括发泡塑料层,所述的发泡塑料层包括如下重量配比的成分:聚醚:水:硅油:辛酸亚锡:三乙烯二胺溶液:一氟三氯甲烷:甲苯-二异氰酸酯=100:1~3:1~1.5:0.15~0.2:0.2~0.5:5~15:30~50;所述的发泡塑料层由如下方法制备得到:将上述原料混合后,经喷涂、发泡形成发泡塑料层。
本发明的聚氨酯软体发泡结皮塑料主要以聚醚为主要原料,在发泡剂、催化剂、阻燃剂等多种助剂的作用下,通过专用设备混合,经高压喷涂现场发泡而成的高分子聚合物。经过本发明团队的反复实验研究,终于成功发现了该特定比例的聚醚、水、硅油、辛酸亚锡、三乙烯二胺溶液、一氟三氯甲烷(CFC)与甲苯-二异氰酸酯(HDI)配方制备而成的聚氨酯软体发泡结皮塑料,在该配方下,本发明的聚氨酯软体发泡结皮塑料具有很好的防水性,手感舒适,比强度高,能吸收震动,适合作为缓冲材料使用,并且密度轻,便于使用。
作为优选,所述的三乙烯二胺溶液为含30~35 wt%三乙烯二胺的水溶液。
作为优选,所述的发泡塑料层中,TDI指数为105~110。TDI指数对于本发明聚氨酯软体发泡结皮塑料地密度与弹性有很大的影响,经过本发明团队的实验发现,TDI指数降低虽然可以降低最终制备得到塑料的密度,但是会产生泡沫开裂等问题,TDI指数过高会导致密度过高从而起不到相应的效果,因此,在反复验证中发现在105~110范围内的TDI指数可以兼具较低的密度与较好的塑料强度,既适合用于鱼刀手柄中,也同样适合用于减震锤子手柄中。
作为优选,所述的聚氨酯软体发泡结皮塑料还包括设于发泡塑料层外的缓冲层与外表层,所述的外表层成分与发泡塑料层相同,所述的缓冲层设于外表层与发泡塑料层中间,所述的缓冲层含有超支化聚氨酯聚合物。本发明的聚氨酯软体发泡结皮塑料除了最柱体的发泡塑料层外,还可设有与发泡塑料层材质相同的外表层,以及设于外表层与发泡塑料层之间的缓冲层,其中缓冲层主要由超支化聚氨酯聚合物构成,其在外围具有大量的活性端基,超支化聚氨酯聚合物与非支化的发泡塑料层、外表面层之间形成部分的互穿,其端基的烷烃链与聚氨酯网络发生部分的物理缠结,从而起到了良好的补强增韧效果,能够增加本发明的聚氨酯软体发泡结皮塑料的强度。同时,超支化聚氨酯聚合物还具有一定的形状记忆能力,在作为缓冲材料时,能够在受力后起到较好的缓冲减震效果,更加适合于作为减震锤子手柄材料使用。
作为优选,所述缓冲层中的超支化聚氨酯聚合物按照如下方法制备得到:在氮气保护下,将甲苯-二异氰酸酯的DMF溶液缓慢滴入至二乙醇胺的DMF溶液中,常温反应1~2小时,继续加入甲苯-二异氰酸酯的DMF溶液,减压蒸馏除去DMF,进行梯度升温反应10~20小时至反应完全,得到超支化聚氨酯聚合物成品。本发明的超支化聚氨酯聚合物通过以上的方法制备得到,前期常温下HDI与DEOA反应生成的脲结,升温后羟基的反应活性提高,与NCO基团反应产生氨基甲酸酯,在不断的梯度升温反应后,逐渐生成了本发明的超支化聚氨酯聚合物。
作为优选,所述甲苯-二异氰酸酯的DMF溶液中,甲苯-二异氰酸酯的浓度为0.5~1.5mol/L;所述二乙醇胺的DMF溶液中,二乙醇胺的浓度为0.5~1.5mol/L。甲苯-二异氰酸酯与二乙醇胺的浓度应该尽可能保持一致,并且保持在该范围内可以起到最好的超支化效果,否则当反应浓度较低时,反应较慢,聚合物的回收率也较低;当原料浓度太大时,反应速度过快难以控制,且聚合物容易析出,影响反应进程。
作为优选,所述甲苯-二异氰酸酯的DMF溶液与二乙醇胺的DMF溶液中,甲苯-二异氰酸酯与二乙醇胺的摩尔比为1:0.9~1.1。甲苯-二异氰酸酯与二乙醇胺的摩尔比尽可能接近1:1,以充分反应。
作为优选,所述梯度升温反应包括:在常温、45~55℃、55~65℃、65~75℃下分别反应3~5小时、1~2小时、2~4小时、4~9小时。该梯度控制的反应温度下,能够使得羟基的活性随着支化进程的不断进行而保持着持续不断升高的趋势,可以促进氨酯基的形成,并抑制副反应的发生,从而得到本发明优异性能的超支化聚氨酯聚合物成品。
如上述的一种聚氨酯软体发泡结皮塑料在鱼刀手柄中应用。通过将本发明的聚氨酯软体发泡结皮材料应用于鱼刀上面,因其密度非常轻,具有优良的防水性可以做到让整把鱼刀及刀鞘一起漂浮于水表上,防止鱼刀掉进水里后丢失。
如上述的一种聚氨酯软体发泡结皮塑料在减震锤子手柄中应用。通过将本发明的聚氨酯软体发泡结皮材料应用于锤子手上柄上,因其手感舒适,比强度高,能吸收震动,是一种能够很好吸收锤子手柄在敲击时震动的材料。
综上所述,本发明具有以下有益效果:(1)本发明的聚氨酯软体发泡结皮塑料具有很好的防水性,手感舒适,比强度高,能吸收震动,适合作为缓冲材料使用,适用于在缓震锤子手柄中使用;(2)通过将本发明的聚氨酯软体发泡结皮材料应用于鱼刀上面,因其密度小且具有优良的防水性,可以做到让整把鱼刀及刀鞘一起漂浮于水表上,防止鱼刀掉进水里后丢失。
具体实施方式
总实施例
一种聚氨酯软体发泡结皮塑料,包括发泡塑料层、缓冲层与外表层,其中外表层成分与发泡塑料层相同,所述的缓冲层设于外表层与发泡塑料层中间,所述的缓冲层含有超支化聚氨酯聚合物。所述的发泡塑料层包括如下重量配比的成分:聚醚:水:硅油:辛酸亚锡:三乙烯二胺溶液:一氟三氯甲烷:甲苯-二异氰酸酯=100:1~3:1~1.5:0.15~0.2:0.2~0.5:5~15:30~50;所述的发泡塑料层由如下方法制备得到:将上述原料混合后,经喷涂、发泡形成发泡塑料层。其中,聚醚型号为Voranol3010,硅油型号为2370,三乙烯二胺溶液为含30~35 wt%三乙烯二胺的水溶液,TDI指数为105~110,一氟三氯甲烷为CFC-11,甲苯-二异氰酸酯为TDI80/20。
所述缓冲层中的超支化聚氨酯聚合物按照如下方法制备得到:在氮气保护下,将甲苯-二异氰酸酯的DMF溶液缓慢滴入至二乙醇胺的DMF溶液中,常温反应1~2小时,其中甲苯-二异氰酸酯的DMF溶液中,甲苯-二异氰酸酯的浓度为0.5~1.5mol/L;所述二乙醇胺的DMF溶液中,二乙醇胺的浓度为0.5~1.5mol/L,甲苯-二异氰酸酯的DMF溶液与二乙醇胺的DMF溶液中,甲苯-二异氰酸酯与二乙醇胺的摩尔比为1:0.9~1.1;继续加入甲苯-二异氰酸酯的DMF溶液,减压蒸馏除去DMF,在常温、45~55℃、55~65℃、65~75℃下分别反应3~5小时、1~2小时、2~4小时、4~9小时至反应完全,得到超支化聚氨酯聚合物成品。
上述制备得到的聚氨酯软体发泡结皮塑料在鱼刀手柄与减震锤子手柄中应用。通过将本发明的聚氨酯软体发泡结皮材料应用于鱼刀上面,因其密度非常轻,具有优良的防水性可以做到让整把鱼刀及刀鞘一起漂浮于水表上,防止鱼刀掉进水里后丢失;通过将本发明的聚氨酯软体发泡结皮材料应用于锤子手上柄上,因其手感舒适,比强度高,能吸收震动,是一种能够很好吸收锤子手柄在敲击时震动的材料。
实施例一
其他条件与总实施例相同,发泡塑料层包括如下重量配比的成分:聚醚:水:硅油:辛酸亚锡:三乙烯二胺溶液:一氟三氯甲烷:甲苯-二异氰酸酯=100:2.2:1.2:0.17:0.3:10:40.9,TDI指数为107。
超支化聚氨酯聚合物按照如下方法制备得到:在氮气保护下,将甲苯-二异氰酸酯的DMF溶液缓慢滴入至二乙醇胺的DMF溶液中,常温反应1.5小时,其中甲苯-二异氰酸酯的DMF溶液中,甲苯-二异氰酸酯的浓度为1mol/L;所述二乙醇胺的DMF溶液中,二乙醇胺的浓度为1mol/L,甲苯-二异氰酸酯的DMF溶液与二乙醇胺的DMF溶液中,甲苯-二异氰酸酯与二乙醇胺的摩尔比为1:1;继续加入甲苯-二异氰酸酯的DMF溶液,减压蒸馏除去DMF,在常温、50℃、60℃、70℃下分别反应4小时、1.5小时、3小时、6.5小时至反应完全,得到超支化聚氨酯聚合物成品。
实施例二
其他条件与总实施例相同,发泡塑料层包括如下重量配比的成分:聚醚:水:硅油:辛酸亚锡:三乙烯二胺溶液:一氟三氯甲烷:甲苯-二异氰酸酯=100:1:1.3:0.2:0.5:15:40,TDI指数为105。
超支化聚氨酯聚合物按照如下方法制备得到:在氮气保护下,将甲苯-二异氰酸酯的DMF溶液缓慢滴入至二乙醇胺的DMF溶液中,常温反应2小时,其中甲苯-二异氰酸酯的DMF溶液中,甲苯-二异氰酸酯的浓度为0.5mol/L;所述二乙醇胺的DMF溶液中,二乙醇胺的浓度为0.5mol/L,甲苯-二异氰酸酯的DMF溶液与二乙醇胺的DMF溶液中,甲苯-二异氰酸酯与二乙醇胺的摩尔比为1: 1.1;继续加入甲苯-二异氰酸酯的DMF溶液,减压蒸馏除去DMF,在常温、45℃、55℃、65℃下分别反应5小时、2小时、4小时、9小时至反应完全,得到超支化聚氨酯聚合物成品。
实施例三
其他条件与总实施例相同,发泡塑料层包括如下重量配比的成分:聚醚:水:硅油:辛酸亚锡:三乙烯二胺溶液:一氟三氯甲烷:甲苯-二异氰酸酯=100:3:1:0.15:0.4:5:50,TDI指数为110。
超支化聚氨酯聚合物按照如下方法制备得到:在氮气保护下,将甲苯-二异氰酸酯的DMF溶液缓慢滴入至二乙醇胺的DMF溶液中,常温反应2小时,其中甲苯-二异氰酸酯的DMF溶液中,甲苯-二异氰酸酯的浓度为1.5mol/L;所述二乙醇胺的DMF溶液中,二乙醇胺的浓度为0.5mol/L,甲苯-二异氰酸酯的DMF溶液与二乙醇胺的DMF溶液中,甲苯-二异氰酸酯与二乙醇胺的摩尔比为1:0.9;继续加入甲苯-二异氰酸酯的DMF溶液,减压蒸馏除去DMF,在常温、55℃、60℃、65℃下分别反应5小时、1小时、2小时、9小时至反应完全,得到超支化聚氨酯聚合物成品。
实施例四
其他条件与总实施例相同,发泡塑料层包括如下重量配比的成分:聚醚:水:硅油:辛酸亚锡:三乙烯二胺溶液:一氟三氯甲烷:甲苯-二异氰酸酯=100:2:1.5:0.18:0.2:10:30,TDI指数为107。
超支化聚氨酯聚合物按照如下方法制备得到:在氮气保护下,将甲苯-二异氰酸酯的DMF溶液缓慢滴入至二乙醇胺的DMF溶液中,常温反应1小时,其中甲苯-二异氰酸酯的DMF溶液中,甲苯-二异氰酸酯的浓度为1.5mol/L;所述二乙醇胺的DMF溶液中,二乙醇胺的浓度为0.5mol/L,甲苯-二异氰酸酯的DMF溶液与二乙醇胺的DMF溶液中,甲苯-二异氰酸酯与二乙醇胺的摩尔比为1:0.9;继续加入甲苯-二异氰酸酯的DMF溶液,减压蒸馏除去DMF,在常温、55℃、65℃、75℃下分别反应3小时、1小时、2小时、4小时至反应完全,得到超支化聚氨酯聚合物成品。
Claims (10)
1.一种聚氨酯软体发泡结皮塑料,包括发泡塑料层,其特征是,所述的发泡塑料层包括如下重量配比的成分:聚醚:水:硅油:辛酸亚锡:三乙烯二胺溶液:一氟三氯甲烷:甲苯-二异氰酸酯=100:1~3:1~1.5:0.15~0.2:0.2~0.5:5~15:30~50;所述的发泡塑料层由如下方法制备得到:将上述原料混合后,经喷涂、发泡形成发泡塑料层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种聚氨酯软体发泡结皮塑料,其特征是,所述的三乙烯二胺溶液为含30~35 wt%三乙烯二胺的水溶液。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种聚氨酯软体发泡结皮塑料,其特征是,所述的发泡塑料层中,TDI指数为105~110。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种聚氨酯软体发泡结皮塑料,其特征是,所述的聚氨酯软体发泡结皮塑料还包括设于发泡塑料层外的缓冲层与外表层,所述的外表层成分与发泡塑料层相同,所述的缓冲层设于外表层与发泡塑料层中间,所述的缓冲层含有超支化聚氨酯聚合物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种聚氨酯软体发泡结皮塑料,其特征是,所述缓冲层中的超支化聚氨酯聚合物按照如下方法制备得到:在氮气保护下,将甲苯-二异氰酸酯的DMF溶液缓慢滴入至二乙醇胺的DMF溶液中,常温反应1~2小时,继续加入甲苯-二异氰酸酯的DMF溶液,减压蒸馏除去DMF,进行梯度升温反应10~20小时至反应完全,得到超支化聚氨酯聚合物成品。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种聚氨酯软体发泡结皮塑料,其特征是,所述甲苯-二异氰酸酯的DMF溶液中,甲苯-二异氰酸酯的浓度为0.5~1.5mol/L;所述二乙醇胺的DMF溶液中,二乙醇胺的浓度为0.5~1.5mol/L。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种聚氨酯软体发泡结皮塑料,其特征是,所述甲苯-二异氰酸酯的DMF溶液与二乙醇胺的DMF溶液中,甲苯-二异氰酸酯与二乙醇胺的摩尔比为1:0.9~1.1。
8.根据权利要求5所述的一种聚氨酯软体发泡结皮塑料,其特征是,所述梯度升温反应包括:在常温、45~55℃、55~65℃、65~75℃下分别反应3~5小时、1~2小时、2~4小时、4~9小时。
9.如权利要求1至8任一所述的一种聚氨酯软体发泡结皮塑料在鱼刀手柄中应用。
10.如权利要求1至8任一所述的一种聚氨酯软体发泡结皮塑料减震锤子手柄中应用。
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