CN115518123A - 一种药物组合物的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种药物组合物的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115518123A CN115518123A CN202011595170.0A CN202011595170A CN115518123A CN 115518123 A CN115518123 A CN 115518123A CN 202011595170 A CN202011595170 A CN 202011595170A CN 115518123 A CN115518123 A CN 115518123A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种药物组合物的制备方法,为灯盏细辛、人参、麦冬、五味子经过提取精制方法得到有效部位提取物喷干粉的方法,灯盏细辛经过水提碱溶酸沉,沉淀物为黄酮类化合物,喷粉,得粉1;酸化上清液进一步去除焦袂康酸,富集咖啡酸酯类成分,喷粉,得粉2;人参富集人参皂苷类成分,麦冬醇提水沉,富集麦冬黄烷酮类成分;五味子水提后弃去水提液,去除大部分有机酸类成分,然后醇提,经过膜过滤浓缩后,乙酸乙酯萃取富集木脂素类成分。将富集的人参皂苷类成分,麦冬黄烷酮类成分,五味子木脂素类成分合并,喷粉,得粉3;将粉1、2、3混合,或者再加一定的辅料,得到所述药物组合物。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药领域,涉及一种药用组合物的制备方法,具体是一种含有灯盏细辛、人参、麦冬、五味子的药物组合物的制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,随着我国人口老龄化加速、城市化程度不断加深以及生活方式的逐步改变,疾病谱也发生了重大变化。高血压病、冠心病、糖尿病等慢性非传染性疾病广泛流行,由此导致的心脑血管疾病的发病率也呈加速上升趋势。
灯盏生脉是一种治疗心脑血管疾病的处方,即在传统经典方剂生脉散基础上加味,以灯盏细辛、人参、五味子、麦冬的药物组合物的制备方法。其中,其中,富集了灯盏细辛中所含的灯盏花素(能扩张微动脉、降低血液粘滞度、改善脑循环)和咖啡酸酯(抗氧化、抗炎、抗病毒、抗纤维化、抑制平滑肌收缩、降血脂);五味子中木脂素类成分具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗病毒、舒张血管、保护神经及抑制溃疡等药效作用;麦冬中高异黄酮类化合物具有抗心肌缺血活性;人参中人参皂苷人在神经系统有神经退行性疾病的治疗、改善记忆功能、保护脑组织等作用,在心血管系统有抗心律失常、抗心肌肥厚、抗心肌缺血、抗心肌细胞凋亡等作用,在抗肿瘤方面具有诱导细胞凋亡、抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、调控信号通路、调节免疫功能等作用。以往的文献提取方法,采用四味药混合提取,正丁醇萃取的方式。这样的的方法是简单,但是难以达到富集有效成分,去除有害物质及杂质的效果。灯盏细辛中有相对含量在0.5%左右的焦袂康酸,焦袂康酸是一个对肝脏有较大毒性的物质,如果作为长期用药不将此成分去除,将会导致肝损伤。
发明内容
针对上述技术问题,本发明公开了一种药物组合物的制备方法,其中,该药物组合物含有灯盏细辛、人参、麦冬和五味子,其特征在于,该药物组合物的制备方法为:
取灯盏细辛加水提取,提取液浓缩成清膏;清膏加碱调节pH至7~9,滤过,加酸调节pH至1~3,放置过夜,滤过,收集滤液及沉淀,沉淀乙醇精制,加入碱调节pH至7~8,喷雾干燥得粉1;滤液调节pH至7~9,用微滤膜进行澄清,澄清液再用纳滤膜进行浓缩,浓缩液通过聚酰胺层析柱,用水洗脱后,用乙醇洗脱,收集乙醇洗脱液,浓缩后调pH至7~9,喷雾干燥得粉2;
取人参,加浓度80~85%乙醇回流提取,滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩成清膏,人参清膏加3-15倍纯化水配制成人参清液,用微滤膜进行澄清,澄清液再用纳滤膜进行浓缩,浓缩液备用;
取麦冬,加80~85%乙醇回流提取,滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩成浸膏,浸膏加入12-15倍量水沉淀,弃去水层,收集沉淀备用;
取五味子,加水煎煮,弃去水溶液,加入浓度80~85%的乙醇回流提取,滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩成浸膏,加水配制成五味子清液后用微滤膜进行澄清,澄清液再用纳滤膜进行浓缩,浓缩清膏用乙酸乙酯萃取,收集乙酸乙酯萃取液,减压浓缩成浸膏备用;
本发明所述的微滤膜可为陶瓷微滤膜,规格为100nm或200nm,纳滤膜可选用有机纳滤膜,规格为300-400D的有机纳滤膜。
将人参浓缩液、麦冬沉淀、五味子浸膏混合溶解,喷雾干燥后,混合得粉3,将粉1、粉2、粉3合并,即得所述药用组合物。
上述药物组合物加入适量辅料,制成硬胶囊,软胶囊,片剂,滴丸,口服液或颗粒剂等口服复方药剂。
本方法具有的技术创新性:
1)分步提取,可以分别提取高活性成分含量的粉1、2、3,这种方法,与常规方法相比,更加精细,且便于控制活性成分的含量,无论是制备具有合理比例的药物组合物还是制剂,在计算和配比方面都具有更好的稳定性和重复性。
2)去除有害或无生物活性物质,例如叶绿素、焦袂康酸、寡糖类、有机酸类等成分,制备的药物具有更好的安全性,消除隐患,提高药品质量。
特别是焦袂康酸的检测,通过以下检测方法对常规方法(不经过柱层析)和本发明的提取方法得到的灯盏细辛的浸膏进行检测效果比较:
检测方法:
在色谱柱为十八烷基硅烷为填料,采用梯度洗脱,流动相A为甲醇,流动相B为含0.5%的甲酸水溶液,C为乙腈溶液,梯度洗脱程序如下的色谱条件下,进行洗脱,
0分钟时,5%流动性A,92%流动相B,3%流动相C;
15分钟时,15%流动性A,73.5%流动相B,11.5%流动相C;
45分钟时,15%流动性A,73.5%流动相B,11.5%流动相C;
55分钟时,0%流动性A,55%流动相B,45%流动相C;
65分钟时,0%流动性A,15%流动相B,85%流动相C;
65.1分钟时,5%流动性A,92%流动相B,3%流动相C;
80分钟时,5%流动性A,92%流动相B,3%流动相C。
然后在流速1.0mL/min;检测波长270nm;柱温30℃的检测条件下,得到该的指纹图谱。在指纹图谱上,常规方法在时间5.2min处检测到有明显的焦袂康酸的峰,而在本提取方法中,该保留时间处以及附近,无该吸收峰的出现,证明本发明提取方法可以有效去除焦袂康酸,提高药品质量。
3)修改了现有的萃取方式,不使用正丁醇来萃取,减少溶剂残留,保证药品安全性。
4)以往的乙醇回流选用浓度75%的乙醇,本发明中使用更高递增浓度的乙醇,目的为逐次提高乙醇浓度,可以减少水溶成分提出的量,便于后续处理,这在生脉成分的提取中效果更明显。例如人参的人参皂苷Rg1,Rb1和Re成分的富集过程。本发明还提供了一种制备方法,所述药用组合物的原料重量配比为:71%-80%灯盏细辛;5.2%-7.2%人参,5.2-7.2%五味子,10.5-14.3%麦冬。
5)在灯盏细辛、人参、五味子的提取分离过程中采用了膜分离技术,用微滤膜(100nm或200nm陶瓷膜)去除大分子的不溶性物质,用纳滤膜(350-400D)将无机物及水溶性的有害物质焦袂康酸、有机酸去除,有效降低了浓缩的能耗,且使后续的上柱及萃取过程更为高效。
并且在粉2制备步骤,滤液调节pH至7~9,用陶瓷微滤膜进行澄清,可以去除大量中性条件下不溶解的大分子杂质;澄清后得到的澄清液再用有机纳滤膜进行浓缩,一则可以降低浓缩成本,二则可以去除大部分焦袂康酸,这是由于焦袂康酸的水溶性远高于脂溶性,且分子量较小,仅112。膜浓缩液以1:1柱体积的量上30-60目的酰胺层析柱,吸附过夜后,用水洗脱4个柱体积后,用55-75%乙醇洗脱,收集乙醇洗脱液,浓缩后调节pH至7~9,喷雾干燥得粉2。此步骤是为了进一步去除焦袂康酸,富集所需要的咖啡酸酯类成分,尤其是二咖啡酸酯类成分这一步很关键,保证了提取物的高药物活性。
本发明还提供了一种制备方法,按重量百分比计算,含黄酮的灯盏细辛提取物粉1与含4,5-二-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸的灯盏细辛总咖啡酸酯提取物粉2占50-55%,含人参,麦冬,五味子的提取物粉3占44-49%,三种粉之和占94-99%。
本发明还提供了一种制备方法,以灯盏细辛2000g,人参200g,麦冬400g,五味子200g入药计所述粉1含野黄芩苷400~600mg/g,得粉1,25~40g;粉2含4,5-二-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸30~60mg/g,得粉2,35~55g;粉3含人参皂苷Rg1+Re 2.0~6.0mg/g,五味子醇甲3.5~9.0mg/g,得粉3,55~75g;粉1、2、3混合后,野黄芩苷含量在105mg/g~155mg/g,4,5-二-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸10~16mg/g,人参皂苷Rg1+Re 1.0~2.5mg/g,五味子醇甲1.8~4.3mg/g。
本发明还提供了一种制备方法,以灯盏细辛2000g,人参200g,麦冬400g,五味子200g入药计所述粉1含野黄芩苷450~600mg/g,得粉1:25~40g;粉2含4,5-二-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸35~55mg/g,得粉2:35~55g;粉3含人参皂苷Rg1+Re 3.0~5.0mg/g,五味子醇甲5.0~8.0mg/g,得粉3:55~75g。粉1、2、3混合后,野黄芩苷含量在110mg/g~135mg/g,4,5-二-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸12~15mg/g,人参皂苷Rg1+Re 2~2.4mg/g,五味子醇甲2.0~4.0mg/g。
本发明还提供了一种制备方法,所述的调节溶液pH值用的碱是NaOH、Na2CO3、NaHCO3、KOH、K2CO3或者KHCO3;所述的调节溶液pH值用的酸是HCl、H2SO4或者H3PO4;所述的聚酰胺层析柱所用乙醇洗脱的乙醇浓度为50-95%。
本发明还提供了一种制备方法,所述的微滤膜为100或200nm的陶瓷膜,纳滤膜为300-400D的有机纳滤膜。
本发明提供的上述工艺得到的灯盏细辛提取物,其中包括灯盏乙素和咖啡酰奎宁酸,灯盏乙素为主的黄酮类成分先通过酸化沉淀下来,然后可以根据需要进行纯化。酸化上清液先调节pH值后用微滤膜(100nm或200nm陶瓷膜)进行澄清,进而用纳滤膜(300-400D)进行浓缩,去除大量焦袂康酸后通过聚酰胺柱层析,先将极性大的水溶性杂质去除,同时将水溶性大的毒性成分焦袂康酸再一次去除,然后再用50-90%的乙醇将所需的咖啡酸酯类成分洗脱,尤其是二咖啡酸酯类成分。
本发明提供的上述工艺得到的人参采用醇提,人参采用醇提后用膜澄清和浓缩是考虑人参皂苷Rg1+Re和Rb1这三个定量成分,去除多糖、蛋白、鞣质等大分子成分;经过膜过滤和浓缩后,浸膏中的人参皂苷Rg1+Re的含量提高1.5-2.5倍,从而富集了浸膏中人参皂苷。麦冬以醇提水沉法去除多数寡糖类成分,并富集麦冬黄烷酮类成分,麦冬黄烷酮类物质含量提高了3倍。经过除了富集麦冬黄烷酮类成分外,除去寡糖类成分还有利于喷雾干燥的进行,否则生产过程中将出现严重沾壁造成不可避免有效成分的损失。五味子采用先水提一次,去除有机酸类物质,然后再醇提,醇提后浸膏得率依然有药材的40%左右,用澄清膜先将大分子的不容物去除,再用浓缩膜去除无机物及水溶性强的小分子有机酸,后采取乙酸乙酯萃取,浓缩其中木脂素类成分,木脂素成分含量提高了3-4倍。这样经过提取,过柱,醇沉,水沉,萃取等精制过程,所得到的喷干粉的活性物质具有高富集率、所得到的喷干粉明确的成分更多等明显的突出的优点,并且将有害物质焦袂康酸绝大部分去除,从而提高了药品的安全性。所生产的制剂达到高含量,低服用量,安全性增加,从而使药品的依从性增加。
有益效果:
本发明中灯盏细辛的提取采取了两个步骤分别富集黄酮类化合物和咖啡酸酯类化合物:水提后碱溶酸化,碱溶是为了去除不能成盐的杂质,酸化是为了将黄酮类成分沉淀下来。酸化上清液调节pH值后先通过微滤膜去除大分子的物质,例如叶绿素,鞣质,树胶,树脂等,再过一次有机纳滤膜进行浓缩,由于焦袂康酸的水溶性远大于脂溶性,且分子较小,因而可以通过纳滤膜将大部分焦袂康酸去除,同时节约浓缩成本,再上聚酰胺树脂,先以水冲洗,除去水溶性大分子及残余的焦袂康酸,再用50-90%乙醇冲洗,富集咖啡酸酯类成分,尤其是二咖啡酸酯类成分。灯盏细辛采用水提取的原因主要是为了提取出有效成分,叶绿素等脂溶性杂质少提取出来,为后续上层析柱不至于由于叶绿素等成分在层析住上堵塞聚酰胺造成层析不顺畅和再生困难。黄酮类成分及咖啡酸酯类成分分别提取喷粉也有利于制剂中稳定含量的黄酮类成分及咖啡酸酯类成分,有利于药物化合物自由配比,人参采用醇提后用膜澄清和浓缩是考虑人参皂苷Rg1+Re和Rb1这三个定量成分。去除多糖、蛋白、鞣质等大分子成分。麦冬以醇提水沉去除多数寡糖类成分,并富集麦冬黄烷酮类成分,除了富集麦冬黄烷酮类成分外,除去寡糖类成分还有利于喷雾干燥的进行,否则将出现严重沾壁;去除寡糖还可以解决喷干粉的吸湿性问题。五味子采用先水提一次,去除有机酸类物质,然后再醇提,醇提后浸膏得率依然有药材的40%左右,先用微滤膜澄清去除大分子难溶性物质,再用纳滤膜浓缩,进一步去除水溶性小分子酸性物质,最后采取乙酸乙酯萃取,浓缩其中木脂素类成分。采用膜分离和浓缩不仅有效去除非活性成分,并且可以降低浓缩和萃取成本。这样精制过程得到的喷干粉具有高含量活性物质,所生产的制剂可以达到高含量,低服用量的效果,使药品的依从性增加。
具体实施方式:
实施例1:原料药提取物制备
取灯盏细辛2000g加水煎煮两次,每次2小时,滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩成清膏;清膏搅拌下加入5%氢氧化钠溶液,调节pH至7.5~8.5,滤过,加10%硫酸溶液调节pH至1~3,放置过夜,滤过,收集滤液及沉淀,沉淀乙醇精制,后加入5%氢氧化钠调节pH至7~8,喷雾干燥得粉1;酸化的滤液调节pH至7~9,用100nm陶瓷膜进行澄清,澄清后得到的澄清液再用350D有机膜进行浓缩,浓缩液通过30-60目聚酰胺层析柱(直径与长度比1:4),用水洗脱3个柱体积后,用65%乙醇洗脱4个柱体积,收集乙醇洗脱液,浓缩后调节pH至7~9,喷雾干燥得粉2;
取人参200g,加80~85%乙醇回流提取两次,滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩成浸膏,加10倍水稀释,用100nm陶瓷膜进行澄清,澄清液用350D有机膜进行浓缩,得浓缩液备用。
取麦冬400g,加80~85%乙醇回流提取两次,滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩成浸膏,浸膏加入12-15倍量水沉淀,弃去水层,收集沉淀备用。
取五味子200g,加水煎煮一次,水提一次倒掉为了去掉大部分的有机酸,否则提取物太多,不利于富集木质素,弃去水溶液,加入80~85%乙醇回流提取两次,滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩成浸膏,加水后配制成五味子清液用100nm陶瓷膜进行澄清,澄清后的澄清液再用350D有机膜进行浓缩,得到五味子清膏,清膏用乙酸乙酯萃取,收集乙酸乙酯萃取液,减压浓缩成浸膏备用。将人参浓缩液,麦冬沉淀,五味子浸膏混合溶解,喷雾干燥后,得粉3,将粉1、2、3混合均匀,得棕色原料提取物144g。
所得粉1中野黄芩苷含量为520mg/g,得粉1,34g;粉2中含4,5-二-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸35mg/g,得粉2,43g;粉3含人参皂苷Rg1+Re 5.5mg/g,五味子醇甲3.8mg/g,得粉3,67g。粉1、2、3混合后野黄芩苷含量在129mg/g,4,5-二-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸12.8mg/g,人参皂苷Rg1+Re 2.4mg/g,五味子醇甲3.9mg/g。
实施例2:原料药提取物制备
取灯盏细辛3000g加入水煎煮两次,每次2小时,滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩成清膏;清膏搅拌下加入5%氢氧化钠溶液,调节pH至7~9,滤过,加10%盐酸溶液调节pH至1~3,放置过夜,滤过,收集滤液及沉淀,沉淀乙醇精制,加入5%氢氧化钠调节pH至7~8,喷雾干燥得粉1;
酸化的滤液调节pH至7~9,用200nm陶瓷膜进行澄清,澄清后得到的澄清液再用400D有机膜进行浓缩,浓缩液通过30-60目聚酰胺层析柱(直径与长度比1:4),用3个柱体积的水洗脱后,用3个柱体积的70%乙醇洗脱,收集乙醇洗脱液,浓缩后调节pH至7~9,喷雾干燥得粉2;
取人参200g,加80~85%乙醇回流提取两次,滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩成清膏,加6倍水稀释,用200nm陶瓷膜进行澄清,澄清液用400D有机膜进行浓缩,得浓缩液备用。。取麦冬400g,加80~85%乙醇回流提取两次,滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩成浸膏,浸膏加入15倍量水沉淀,弃去水层,收集沉淀备用。取五味子200g,加水煎煮一次,弃去水溶液,加入80~85%乙醇回流提取两次,滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩成浸膏,加水后配制成五味子清液用200nm陶瓷膜进行澄清,澄清后的澄清液再用400D有机膜进行浓缩,得到五味子清膏,清膏用乙酸乙酯萃取,收集乙酸乙酯萃取液,减压浓缩成浸膏备用。将人参浓缩液,麦冬沉淀,五味子浸膏加水溶解,喷雾干燥后,得粉3,将粉1,2,3混合均匀,得棕色原料提取物171g。
所得粉1中野黄芩苷含量为478mg/g,得粉1,42g;粉2中含4,5-二-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸36mg/g,粉2:53g;粉3含人参皂苷Rg1+Re 5.1mg/g,五味子醇甲4.2mg/g,得粉3,76g。粉1、2、3混合后,野黄芩苷含量在117mg/g,4,5-二-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸16mg/g,人参皂苷Rg1+Re2.3mg/g,五味子醇甲1.9mg/g。
实施例3:原料药提取物制备
取灯盏细辛2500g加水煎煮两次,每次2小时,滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩成清膏;清膏搅拌下加入5%氢氧化钠溶液,调节pH至7.5~9.0,滤过,加10%硫酸溶液调节pH至1~3,放置过夜,滤过,收集滤液及沉淀,沉淀乙醇精制,加入5%氢氧化钠调节pH至7~8,喷雾干燥得粉1;酸化滤液调节pH至7~9,用100nm陶瓷膜进行澄清,澄清后得到的澄清液再用300D有机膜进行浓缩,浓缩液通过30-60目聚酰胺层析柱(直径与长度比1:4),用3.5个柱体积水洗脱后,用3个柱体积的75%乙醇洗脱,收集乙醇洗脱液,浓缩后调节pH至7~9,喷雾干燥得粉2;
取人参200g,加80~85%乙醇回流提取两次,滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩成浸膏,加8倍水稀释,用100nm陶瓷膜进行澄清,澄清液用300D有机膜进行浓缩,得浓缩液备用。
取麦冬400g,加80~85%乙醇回流提取两次,滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩成浸膏,浸膏加入15倍量水沉淀,弃去水层,收集沉淀备用。取五味子200g,加水煎煮一次,弃去水溶液,加入80~85%乙醇回流提取两次,滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩成浸膏,加水后配制成五味子清液用100nm陶瓷膜进行澄清,澄清后的澄清液再用300D有机膜进行浓缩,得到五味子清膏,清膏用乙酸乙酯萃取,收集乙酸乙酯萃取液,减压浓缩成浸膏备用。将人参浸膏,麦冬沉淀,五味子浸膏加水溶解,喷雾干燥后,得粉3,将粉1,2,3混合均匀,得棕色原料提取物166g。所得粉1中野黄芩苷含量:530mg/g,得粉1,38g,粉2中含4,5-二-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸38mg/g,得粉2,47g;粉3含人参皂苷Rg1+Re 5.2mg/g,五味子醇甲6.3mg/g,得粉3,81g。粉1、2、3混合后,野黄芩苷含量在121mg/g,4,5-二-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸10.8mg/g,人参皂苷Rg1+Re2.5mg/g,五味子醇甲3.1mg/g。
实施例4:膜分离试验
灯盏细辛酸化上清液调节pH至7~9,用陶瓷微滤膜进行澄清,澄清后得到的澄清液再用有机纳滤膜进行浓缩。测定膜过滤前后5个二咖啡酸酯的含量,列表进行对比:
色谱条件与系统适用性试验以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂;以[A(甲醇:乙腈30:70)-B(0.1%三氟乙酸)](18:82)为流动相;总咖啡酸酯检测波长为327nm、焦袂康酸检测波长为270nm。理论板数按3,5-O-二咖啡酰奎宁酸峰计算应不低于5000。
对照品溶液的制备取3,5-O-二咖啡酰奎宁酸和野黄芩苷对照品适量,精密称定,加甲醇制成每1ml各含3,5-O-二咖啡酰奎宁酸30μg的混合溶液,作为对照品溶液。
测定法分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl,注入液相色谱仪,测定。
二咖啡酸酯以3,5-O-二咖啡酰奎宁酸对照品的峰面积为对照,分别按下表相对应的校正因子计算3,4-O-二咖啡酰奎宁酸、3,5-O-二咖啡酰奎宁酸、飞蓬酯乙、4,5-O-二咖啡酰奎宁酸、灯盏细辛酯的含量,计算上述五个物质的总量。用待测成分色谱峰与3,5-O-二咖啡酰奎宁酸色谱峰的相对保留时间确定3,4-O-二咖啡酰奎宁酸、3,5-O-二咖啡酰奎宁酸、飞蓬酯乙、4,5-O-二咖啡酰奎宁酸、灯盏细辛酯的峰位,其相对保留时间应在规定值的±10%范围之内(若相对保留时间偏离超过10%,则应以相应的被替代对照品确证为准),即得。相对保留时间及校正因子(F)见下表:
表1.二咖啡酸酯相对保留时间及校正因子
表2.灯盏细辛酸化上清液调pH后膜过滤后成分含量变化表
从表2可以看出,灯盏细辛酸化上清液调节pH接近中性后过澄清膜和纳滤浓缩膜后有效物质二咖啡酸酯得到较好地保留,而有害物质焦袂康酸的去除84%。
取人参,加80~85%乙醇回流提取两次,滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩成清膏,人参清膏加8倍纯化水配制成人参清液,用100nm陶瓷微滤膜进行澄清,澄清液再用400D有机纳滤膜进行浓缩,浓缩液备用。
人参清液,澄清液和浓缩液分别测定人参皂苷Rg1,Rb1和Re的含量。
【含量测定】照高效液相色谱法(通则0512)测定
色谱条件与系统适用性试验以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂;以乙腈为流动相A,以水为流动相B,按下表中的规定进行梯度洗脱;检测波长为203nm。理论板数按人参皂苷Rg1峰计算应不低于6000。
表3.色谱流动相梯度
对照品溶液的制备精密称取人参皂苷Rg1对照品、人参皂苷Re对照品及人参皂苷Rb1对照品,加甲醇制成每1ml各含0.2mg的混合溶液,摇匀,即得。
供试品溶液的制备取人参清液,澄清液和浓缩液滤过,取续滤液即得。
测定法分别精密吸取对照品溶液10μl与供试品溶液10~20μl,注入液相色谱仪,测定,即得。
表4.人参提取液过膜前后人参皂苷含量变化
从表4可以看出,人参提取液中人参皂苷Rg1,Rb1和Re通过膜澄清和浓缩后得到较大程度的保留,分别保留了95%,89%和96%。
取五味子,加水煎煮,弃去水溶液,加入浓度80~85%的乙醇回流提取,滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩成浸膏,加水配制成五味子清液后用纳滤膜进行澄清,澄清液再用纳滤膜进行浓缩,得到五味子浓缩液。
五味子清液,澄清液和浓缩液测定五味子醇甲含量
色谱条件与系统适用性试验以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂,以甲醇-水(65:35)为流动相,检测波长为250nm。理论板数按五味子醇甲峰计算应不低于2000。
对照品溶液的制备取五味子醇甲对照品适量,用甲醇制成每1ml含五味子醇甲0.3mg的溶液,即得。
供试品溶液的制备取五味子清液,澄清液和浓缩液,滤过,取续滤液,即得。
测定法分别精密吸取对照品液与供试品溶液各10μl,注入液相色谱仪,测定,即得。
表5.五味子提取液过膜前后五味子醇甲含量变化
品名 | 代表量(L) | 含量(mg/ml) | 总量(g) |
五味子清液 | 100 | 0.27 | 27.00 |
五味子澄清液 | 125 | 0.17 | 21.25 |
五味子浓缩液 | 32 | 0.57 | 18.30 |
从表5可以看出,五味子醇甲在过澄清膜和浓缩膜后总含量保持67%以上。
实施例5:质量标准试验
本药物组合物,不仅是因为组合物配比的原因,还因为本发明中提供了一种新型的药物制备方法,为进一步证明所述制备方法的高效性,特与常规混合酒精回流,正丁醇萃取方法进行技术对比,所得数据如下:以相同药材量配比投料:灯盏细辛2000g,人参200g,麦冬400g,五味子200g。本发明所采用实施例1的配比。
表6.现有方法与新方法的提取产物对比
因此,从以上指标数据可以看出,本发明的工艺方法得到的有益效果与已有的工艺所能达到的效果相比,具有突出的实质性特点和显著的进步。灯盏细辛提取物,其中包括灯盏乙素和咖啡酰奎宁酸,现有技术提取方法得到的灯盏提取物叶绿素含量高,叶绿素是非活性物质,而咖啡酸酯含量低,甚至提不出来或者提取不完全,本发明采用利用聚酰胺柱梯度洗脱,最大限度地除去了水溶性杂质,除去了极性大和极性小的有关物质,完全去除了叶绿素,还除去了焦袂康酸等难以去除的对人体有害的杂质,提高了有效成分活性物质的提取率、富集率和纯度。现有技术提取方法得到的人参、麦冬、五味子提取物,具有如下缺点:有效成分不明确,杂质多,物质成分不清楚,五味子中有机酸去除率低,有效成分含量低,本发明采用分提法,其中人参采用醇提醇沉法;麦冬采用醇提水沉法去除寡糖类成分;五味子采用先水提一次,去除有机酸类物质,然后再醇提,再采取乙酸乙酯萃取。这样精制过程得到的喷干粉明确了物质成分,去除了有机酸等杂质,得到了有效成分含量明确的高含量、高提取率和富集率、高纯度的活性物质,提高药效和药品的安全性,具有显著的技术进步,获取了意想不到的技术效果,本制备方法具有创新性。同样使用相同的中药组合,使用本方法制得的制剂,在制备相同数量制剂的基础上,必将具有优于常规方法制得的药物效果。
Claims (10)
1.一种药物组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,该药物组合物含有灯盏细辛、人参、麦冬和五味子,其特征在于,该药物组合物的制备方法为:
取灯盏细辛加水提取,提取液浓缩成清膏;清膏加碱调节pH至7~9,滤过,加酸调节pH至1~3,放置过夜,滤过,收集滤液及沉淀,沉淀用乙醇精制,加入碱调节pH至7~8,喷雾干燥得粉1;滤液调节pH至7~9,用微滤膜进行澄清,澄清液再用纳滤膜进行浓缩,浓缩液通过聚酰胺层析柱,用水洗脱后,用乙醇洗脱,收集乙醇洗脱液,浓缩后调节pH值至7~9,喷雾干燥得粉2;
取人参,加浓度80~85%乙醇回流提取,滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩成清膏,人参清膏加3-15倍纯化水配制成人参清液,用微滤膜进行澄清,澄清液再用纳滤膜进行浓缩,浓缩液备用;
取麦冬,加80~85%乙醇回流提取,滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩成浸膏,浸膏加入12-15倍量水沉淀,弃去水层,收集沉淀备用;
取五味子,加水煎煮,弃去水溶液,加入浓度80~85%的乙醇回流提取,滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩成浸膏,加水配制成五味子清液后用微滤膜进行澄清,澄清液再用纳滤膜进行浓缩成清膏,浓缩清膏用乙酸乙酯萃取,收集乙酸乙酯萃取液,减压浓缩成浸膏备用;
将人参浓缩液、麦冬沉淀、五味子浸膏混合溶解,喷雾干燥后,混合得粉3,将粉1、粉2、粉3合并,即得所述药用组合物。
2.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,灯盏细辛加水煎煮次数为1-3次。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,调节溶液pH值所用的碱为NaOH、Na2CO3,NaHCO3、KOH、K2CO3或者KHCO3;调节溶液pH值所用的酸是HCl、H2SO4或者H3PO4。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的洗脱聚酰胺层析柱所用乙醇的浓度为50-95%。
5.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,人参的乙醇回流提取次数为1-3次;麦冬的乙醇回流提取次数为1-3次;五味子的乙醇回流提取和加水煎煮的次数均为1-3次。
6.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,微滤膜为100nm或者200nm陶瓷膜,纳滤膜为300-400D有机纳滤膜。
7.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述药用组合物由下列重量配比的原料药制得:71%-80%灯盏细辛、5.2%-7.2%人参、5.2-7.2%五味子、10.5-14.3%麦冬。
8.如权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,按重量百分比计算,含黄酮的灯盏细辛提取物粉1与含4,5-二-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸的灯盏细辛总咖啡酸酯提取物粉2占之和50-55%,含人参、麦冬、五味子的提取物粉3占44-49%,三种粉之和占94-99%。
9.如权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,粉1、2、3混合后野黄芩苷含量在105mg/g~155mg/g,4,5-二-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸10~16mg/g,人参皂苷Rg1+Re 1.0~2.5mg/g,五味子醇甲1.8~4.3mg/g。
10.如权利要求8或9所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述粉1含野黄芩苷400~600mg/g;粉2含4,5-二-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸30~60mg/g;粉3含人参皂苷Rg1+Re 2.0~6.0mg/g,五味子醇甲3.5~9mg/g;粉1、2、3混合后野黄芩苷含量在105mg/g~155mg/g,4,5-二-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸10-16mg/g,人参皂苷Rg1+Re 1.0~2.5mg/g,五味子醇甲1.8~4.3mg/g。
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