CN115504832A - Fruit tree fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Fruit tree fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115504832A CN115504832A CN202211349247.5A CN202211349247A CN115504832A CN 115504832 A CN115504832 A CN 115504832A CN 202211349247 A CN202211349247 A CN 202211349247A CN 115504832 A CN115504832 A CN 115504832A
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a fruit tree fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the fruit tree fertilizer comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of biochar; 30-50 parts of waste mushroom stick powder; 30-50 parts of a water-retaining agent; 3-5 parts of EM microbial inoculum; 10-15 parts of urea; 5-10 parts of potassium humate; 5-10 parts of diammonium hydrogen phosphate and 6-9 parts of a binder, and the invention also discloses a preparation method of the fruit tree fertilizer; the fruit tree organic fertilizer is applied to improve the fruit quality and the fruit yield, the fruit quality and the fruit yield are closely related to the fruit setting rate of a fruit tree and the robustness of the fruit tree, the fruit setting rate of the fruit tree and the robustness of the fruit tree are related to the fertility, soil hardening degree, soil permeability and water retention of soil in the growth process of the fruit tree, and the fruit tree can be promoted to carry out photosynthesis only if the root of the fruit tree can absorb nutrition, the root system of a plant is not anoxic, the soil is not hardened, and the fruit tree can grow favorably.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree planting, and particularly relates to a fruit tree fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Fruit trees are trees whose fruits are edible and can provide edible fruits and seeds, and the general term for perennial plants and rootstocks thereof. Such as apple trees, pear trees, citrus trees, apricot trees, peach trees, and the like.
The fruit of fruit tree contains rich nutrients including vitamins, inorganic salt, sugar, starch, protein, fat, organic acid, aromatic matter, etc. and may be used as medicine for treating diseases. For example, walnut, lychee, longan and the like are good tonics; pear syrup and persimmon frost are often used as medicines; almond, peach kernel, tangerine pith and the like are important Chinese medicinal materials; guava can treat diabetes and reduce cholesterol, so that fruit trees are planted in large areas as economic trees.
In the traditional fruit tree field management, in order to improve the fruit setting rate of fruit trees, inorganic fertilizers, diazo, phosphate fertilizers and light potassium fertilizers must be applied again, yield increase can occur in a short period, but the diazo, phosphate fertilizers and light potassium fertilizers are adopted for a long period, nitrogen and phosphorus loads of farmlands are increased continuously, soil is hardened, air permeability and water retention are poor, and thus the phenomena of fertilizer increase, yield increase and income increase are avoided. And if the flood irrigation mode is adopted for irrigation after the fertilization, the fertilizer which is not utilized by crops can be directly caused to enter the surface and underground water environment in the form of runoff and leaching, and the environmental pollution can also be caused.
In order to improve the phenomena of environmental pollution, soil hardening, poor air permeability and water retention, no yield increase due to fertilizer increase and no yield increase due to the fact that inorganic fertilizer is applied repeatedly in the prior art, the applied patent CN 106588220A discloses a fertilizer for fruit trees, a fruit tree fertilizer prepared by mixing organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer is provided in the patent, the fertilizer for fruit trees can solve the problems of environmental pollution and high cost caused by the fact that inorganic fertilizer is applied in the prior art, but the fertilizer for fruit trees only has high fertility and improves the quality of fruits, and the effect of reducing soil hardening, improving air permeability and water retention of soil and further increasing the yield of fruits is not provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The fruit tree fertilizer and the preparation method provided by the invention have the advantages that the soil hardening is reduced, the soil air permeability and the water retention are improved, and the problem of increasing the harvest of fruit trees in successive years is further solved.
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a fruit tree fertilizer, which comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of biochar; 30-50 parts of waste mushroom stick powder; 30-50 parts of a water-retaining agent; 3-5 parts of EM microbial inoculum; 10-15 parts of urea; 5-10 parts of potassium humate; 5-10 parts of diammonium hydrogen phosphate; 6-9 parts of a binder.
Preferably, 45-55 parts of biochar, 35-45 parts of waste mushroom stick powder, 38-46 parts of a water-retaining agent, 3.5-4.8 parts of EM microbial inoculum, 12-15 parts of urea, 8-10 parts of potassium humate and 8-10 parts of diammonium hydrogen phosphate; 7-9 parts of a binder.
Preferably, 50 parts of biochar, 40 parts of waste mushroom stick powder, 40 parts of water retention agent, 4.5 parts of EM microbial inoculum, 15 parts of urea, 10 parts of potassium humate and 10 parts of diammonium hydrogen phosphate; 8 parts of a binder.
Preferably, the water-retaining agent consists of sodium polyacrylate and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, wherein the weight part ratio of the sodium polyacrylate to the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose is 10.
Preferably, the binder is starch.
Preferably, the fruit tree fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer and an additional fertilizer, and is applied under a 10-20cm planting soil layer according to the application amount of 70-80 Kg/mu.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the fruit tree fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
s1, accurately weighing biochar according to the parts by weight; discarding the fungus sticks; a water-retaining agent; EM microbial inoculum; urea; potassium humate; diamine hydrogen phosphate; a binder; standby;
s2, crushing the biochar, the waste mushroom sticks, the urea, the potassium humate and the diammonium hydrogen phosphate in the S1, then putting the crushed materials into a crusher to be crushed for 30-50min, and sieving the crushed materials;
and S3, stirring the water retention agent, the EM microbial inoculum and the binder in the powder material S2 for 20-30min, adding water, controlling the water content to be 35%, and granulating on a granulator to obtain solid particles of 0.5-1 cm.
Preferably, the sieve in S2 is 100 meshes, and the stirring speed in S3 is 100r/min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The fruit tree organic fertilizer is applied to improve the fruit quality and the fruit yield, the fruit quality and the fruit yield are closely related to the fruit setting rate and the fruit robustness of a fruit tree, the fruit setting rate and the fruit robustness of the fruit tree are related to the soil fertility, the soil hardening degree, the soil air permeability and the water retention property in the fruit tree growth process, only the root of the fruit tree can draw nutrition, the plant root system is not anoxic, the soil is not hardened, the fruit tree can be promoted to grow, and the fruit tree can be promoted to carry out photosynthesis.
(2) The waste mushroom stick powder is added into the fruit tree fertilizer, so that waste generated in the production of edible mushrooms can be recycled, and meanwhile, after the waste mushroom stick powder and the biochar are applied to soil, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the soil is improved, the agricultural soil ecosystem is improved, and the fruit tree fertilizer can be used as a slow release fertilizer. In addition, the biochar, the waste mushroom stick powder, the water-retaining agent and the EM fungicide have synergistic effects, so that the porosity of soil can be improved, the hardening property of the soil can be reduced, the water-retaining effect is achieved, the growth of fruit trees can be promoted, the photosynthesis of the fruit trees is improved, and the yield of fruits is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the results of water retention experiments.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical solutions of the present invention to be implemented, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.
In the description of the present invention, reagents used are commercially available and methods used are all conventional in the art, unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the invention, the EM bacterial powder is purchased from Shandong Zhongbang chemical industry Co., ltd, and the number of effective live bacteria is more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g.
In the description of the present invention, the biochar was purchased from Zhengzhou Wantai Water purification materials Co., ltd., 100 mesh.
Example 1
The fruit tree fertilizer consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of charcoal; 30 parts of waste mushroom stick powder; 30 parts of a water-retaining agent; 3 parts of EM microbial inoculum; 10 parts of urea; 5 parts of potassium humate; 5 parts of diammonium hydrogen phosphate; 6 parts of starch, wherein the starch is potato powder or corn starch, and the water-retaining agent consists of sodium polyacrylate and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose with the weight part ratio of 10.
The preparation method of the fruit tree fertilizer comprises the following steps:
s1, accurately weighing biochar according to the parts by weight; discarding the fungus sticks; a water-retaining agent; EM microbial inoculum; urea; potassium humate; diamine hydrogen phosphate; a binder; standby;
s2, crushing the biochar, the waste mushroom sticks, the urea, the potassium humate and the diammonium hydrogen phosphate in the S1, then putting the crushed materials into a crusher to be crushed for 30min, and sieving the crushed materials through a 100-mesh sieve;
and S3, stirring the water retention agent, the EM microbial inoculum and the binder in the powder material S2 at a stirring speed of 100r/min for 20min, adding water, controlling the water content to be 35%, and granulating on a granulator to obtain solid particles of 0.5 cm.
Example 2
The fruit tree fertilizer consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of charcoal; 40 parts of waste mushroom stick powder; 40 parts of a water-retaining agent; 4.5 parts of EM microbial inoculum; 15 parts of urea; 10 parts of potassium humate; 10 parts of diammonium hydrogen phosphate; 8 parts of starch, wherein the starch is potato powder or corn starch, and the water-retaining agent is composed of sodium polyacrylate and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose with the weight part ratio of 10.
The preparation method of the fruit tree fertilizer comprises the following steps:
s1, accurately weighing biochar according to the parts by weight; discarding the fungus sticks; a water-retaining agent; EM microbial inoculum; urea; potassium humate; diamine hydrogen phosphate; a binder; standby;
s2, crushing the biochar, the waste mushroom sticks, the urea, the potassium humate and the diammonium hydrogen phosphate in the S1, then putting the crushed materials into a crusher to be crushed for 40min, and sieving the crushed materials through a 100-mesh sieve;
and S3, stirring the water-retaining agent, the EM microbial inoculum and the binder in the powder lot S2 at a stirring speed of 100r/min for 20min, then adding water, controlling the water content to be 35%, and granulating on a granulator to obtain solid particles of 0.8 cm.
Example 3
The fruit tree fertilizer consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of biochar; 40 parts of waste mushroom stick powder; 50 parts of a water-retaining agent; 4.5 parts of EM microbial inoculum; 15 parts of urea; 10 parts of potassium humate; 10 parts of diammonium hydrogen phosphate; 8 parts of starch, wherein the starch is potato powder or corn starch, and the water-retaining agent consists of sodium polyacrylate and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose with the weight part ratio of 10.
The preparation method of the fruit tree fertilizer comprises the following steps:
s1, accurately weighing biochar according to the parts by weight; discarding the fungus sticks; a water-retaining agent; EM microbial inoculum; urea; potassium humate; diamine hydrogen phosphate; a binder; standby;
s2, crushing the biochar, the waste mushroom sticks, the urea, the potassium humate and the diammonium hydrogen phosphate in the S1, then putting the crushed materials into a crusher to be crushed for 50min, and sieving the crushed materials through a 100-mesh sieve;
and S3, stirring the water-retaining agent, the EM microbial inoculum and the binder in the powder lot S2 at a stirring speed of 100r/min for 30min, then adding water, controlling the water content to be 35%, and granulating on a granulator to form solid particles of 1 cm.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 and example 2 differ only in that no EM inoculum, biochar and waste mushroom stick powder were added; the preparation method is the same as that of example 1.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 and example 2 differ only in that no biochar and waste mushroom stick powder were added; the preparation method is the same as that of example 1.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 differs from example 2 only in that no EM inoculum is added; the preparation method is the same as that of example 1.
experiment-Water-Retention of soil
Adopting an oven constant-temperature soil culture method (the temperature is 105 +/-2 ℃), taking 6 parts of the same soil sample by using a cutting ring, weighing the same weight to be accurate to 0.01g, mixing each soil with the fruit tree fertilizers of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3 according to a weight ratio of 1.
The water retention data of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 are shown in fig. 1, and thus it can be concluded that the water retention performance of example 2 is the best, followed by example 1 and example 3, whereas the water loss rate of the control group of comparative example 1 having only a water retaining agent is greater than that of comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 because the water retention effect of soil is improved due to the synergistic effect of biochar, waste stick powder, water retaining agent and EM fungicide.
Experiment two
In order to verify the influence of the fruit tree fertilizer on the porosity and volume weight of soil and the influence on the fruit yield of fruit trees, the following comparative tests are carried out, specifically as follows:
the fruit tree fertilizers given in the example 2 and the comparative examples 1 to 3 of the present application were applied to 4 orchards having the same external conditions such as the test fruit tree land area and the age of the fruit tree, respectively, as base fertilizers and top fertilizers, which were applied under a planting soil layer of 20cm at an application rate of 80 Kg/mu. Then soil samples are respectively taken to determine the volume weight and the porosity of 4 pieces of orchard soil before the fruit tree fertilizers of example 2 and comparative examples 1-3 are applied, then the soil after the fruit tree fertilizers of example 2 and comparative examples 1-3 are applied to 4 pieces of orchards is sampled, and the volume weight and the porosity of the orchard soil after the fertilizers are applied are determined again. The measurement results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 soil Performance tables of example 2 and comparative examples 1-3 before and after fertilization
As can be seen from Table 1, the application of the fruit tree fertilizer of example 2 reduced the soil volume weight by the maximum amount, which was 0.144g/cm 3 While the fruit tree fertilizer used in comparative example 1 had the least change in the volume weight of the soil, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 had the second lowest decrease in the volume weight of the soil, respectively, of 0.024g/cm 3 And 0.072g/cm 3 The increase of the porosity is also the highest in example 2 and is 4.67%, and the increase of the porosity is 2.36% and 2.07% respectively in comparative example 3 and comparative example 2, while the increase of the porosity is the smallest in comparative example 1 and is only 1.33%, so that the synergistic effect of the biochar, the waste bacteria stick powder, the water-retaining agent and the EM fungicide can be obtained, the porosity of the soil can be improved, the hardening performance of the soil can be reduced, and the growth of fruit trees can be promoted.
TABLE 2 comparison table of yield of each group
It can be seen from the results in table 2 that the fruit tree fertilizer prepared in example 2 is applied to the surface layer of soil, so that the ecosystem in the soil can be improved, the porosity of the soil can be improved, the fertility of the soil in a fruit garden can be greatly improved, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium content in the soil in the fruit garden can meet the growth requirement of fruit trees while the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fruit garden is improved, the mutual synergistic effect among substances improves the dispersibility of the soil, the water retention and the fertilizer efficiency of the soil can be improved while the soil is prevented from caking, the fruit trees can be promoted to grow, the fruit trees can not only increase the fruit yield, but also make the fruit trees robust, so that the fruit tree leaves are dark green and thick, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium content in the soil is balanced, the fruit tree leaves are thick and dark green, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium can not only make the fruit trees grow fast, but also can promote the metabolism, the fruit trees can mature early, the photosynthesis of the fruit trees can be promoted, while the soil in comparative example 1 can consume a large amount of oxygen when the organic matters in the soil are decomposed, so that the fruit trees lack oxygen, the fruit trees cause the growth period of the fruit trees and the fruit trees to yellow, and the rhizomes of the fruit trees are not high, thereby further weakening the photosynthetic fertilizer in the later stage of the growth of the fruit trees, and the fruit trees can cause the photosynthetic efficiency of the photosynthetic plants can be yellow; although the comparative examples 2 and 3 can improve the soil hardening problem of the fruit tree plantation to a certain extent and preliminarily solve the problem that the root system of the fruit tree is lack of oxygen and is not beneficial to the growth of plants, the root system of the fruit tree is influenced to a certain extent to rapidly absorb nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium growth elements in the soil due to small porosity of the soil layer, so the growth period is long, and leaves are yellow in the growth period; in addition, the growth of the fruit tree needs the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, the soil has certain water-retaining property, when the water-retaining property is insufficient, a large amount of water is needed in the growth process of the fruit tree, but the problem of yellow leaves of the fruit tree still can occur because the evaporation capacity is greater than the water content in the soil.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiment and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that such changes and modifications be included within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. The fruit tree fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following raw material components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of biochar; 30-50 parts of waste mushroom stick powder; 30-50 parts of a water-retaining agent; 3-5 parts of EM microbial inoculum; 10-15 parts of urea; 5-10 parts of potassium humate; 5-10 parts of diammonium hydrogen phosphate; 6-9 parts of a binder.
2. The fruit tree fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein 45-55 parts of biochar, 35-45 parts of waste mushroom stick powder, 38-46 parts of a water retention agent, 3.5-4.8 parts of an EM microbial inoculum, 12-15 parts of urea, 8-10 parts of potassium humate and 8-10 parts of diammonium hydrogen phosphate; 7-9 parts of a binder.
3. The fruit tree fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the biological carbon is 50 parts, the waste mushroom stick powder is 40 parts, the water-retaining agent is 40 parts, the EM fungicide is 4.5 parts, the urea is 15 parts, the potassium humate is 10 parts, and the diammonium hydrogen phosphate is 10 parts; 8 parts of a binder.
4. The fruit tree fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water-retaining agent is composed of sodium polyacrylate and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, wherein the ratio of the sodium polyacrylate to the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose is 10 parts by weight.
5. The fruit tree fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the binder is starch.
6. The fruit tree fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which is used as base fertilizer and top dressing and applied in the amount of 70-80 Kg/mu under 10-20cm of planting soil.
7. The preparation method of the fruit tree fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, accurately weighing biochar according to the parts by weight; discarding the fungus sticks; a water-retaining agent; EM microbial inoculum; urea; potassium humate; diamine hydrogen phosphate; a binder; standby;
s2, crushing the biochar, the waste mushroom sticks, the urea, the potassium humate and the diammonium hydrogen phosphate in the S1, then putting the crushed biochar, the waste mushroom sticks, the urea, the potassium humate and the diammonium hydrogen phosphate into a crusher to be crushed for 30-50min, and sieving the crushed substances;
and S3, stirring the water retention agent, the EM microbial inoculum and the binder in the powder material S2 for 20-30min, adding water, controlling the water content to be 35%, and granulating on a granulator to obtain solid particles of 0.5-1 cm.
8. The method for preparing a fruit tree fertilizer according to claim 6, wherein the screen used for sieving in S2 is 100 meshes, and the stirring rate in S3 is 100r/min.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108558540A (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-09-21 | 安徽省百思德农业发展有限公司 | One planting fruit-trees Special slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN108863667A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-11-23 | 湖南工业大学 | A kind of charcoal organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof being passivated heavy metal-polluted soil |
| CN108911861A (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2018-11-30 | 沈阳农业大学 | A kind of long-acting compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof that improves the soil |
| CN110590421A (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2019-12-20 | 河海大学 | Drought-resisting and water-retaining soil conditioner for hilly and mountainous areas and preparation method thereof |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108558540A (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-09-21 | 安徽省百思德农业发展有限公司 | One planting fruit-trees Special slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN108863667A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-11-23 | 湖南工业大学 | A kind of charcoal organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof being passivated heavy metal-polluted soil |
| CN108911861A (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2018-11-30 | 沈阳农业大学 | A kind of long-acting compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof that improves the soil |
| CN110590421A (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2019-12-20 | 河海大学 | Drought-resisting and water-retaining soil conditioner for hilly and mountainous areas and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20221223 |