CN112898086A - Method for planting pineapples by using organic formula fertilizer - Google Patents
Method for planting pineapples by using organic formula fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN112898086A CN112898086A CN202110054727.8A CN202110054727A CN112898086A CN 112898086 A CN112898086 A CN 112898086A CN 202110054727 A CN202110054727 A CN 202110054727A CN 112898086 A CN112898086 A CN 112898086A
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- organic formula
- formula fertilizer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
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- C05D1/02—Manufacture from potassium chloride or sulfate or double or mixed salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
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- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting pineapples by using an organic formula fertilizer, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting. The organic formula fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-30 parts of milk vetch straw, 10-20 parts of chicken manure, 10-15 parts of mushroom stick waste residue, 15-20 parts of waste plant medicine residue, 12-16 parts of soybean meal, 3-6 parts of composite microbial inoculum, 15-20 parts of humic acid, 4-8 parts of composite amino acid and 4-8 parts of water-retaining agent. Treating raw materials, composting and fermenting the materials, adding the rest raw materials, uniformly mixing, and granulating the fertilizer to obtain the organic formula fertilizer. The organic formula fertilizer has balanced nutrients, strong soil fertility and strong water retention capacity, meets the growth and development requirements of pineapples, can effectively promote the growth of the pineapples and improve the yield and the quality of the pineapples by using the organic formula fertilizer to plant the pineapples, and effectively prevents the pineapples from cracking and further improves the quality of the pineapple fruits by using an anti-cracking regulator in the planting process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a method for planting pineapples by using an organic formula fertilizer.
Background
Pineapple (Ananas comosus), plants of the genus Ananas of the family Anacardiaceae, short stem, large number of leaves, rosette arrangement, sword-like shape, tip-tapering, full or sharp teeth, green ventral surface, pink green back, brownish red edges and tips, small leaves at the top of inflorescence, and red color. Extracting inflorescence from leaf cluster, and making it into pine cone; the base of the bract is green, the upper half of the bract is light red, and the bract is triangular and oval; sepals are wide, oval, fleshy, and reddish at the top; the petals are oblong, pointed, purple red at the upper part and white at the lower part. Gather the fruit meat quality. From summer to winter in the flowering phase. The cultivation is carried out in Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi and Yunnan provinces in China. The native tropical region of America is one of famous tropical fruits.
Common fertilizers for pineapple planting are organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers. However, in recent years, nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers are applied with a bias, so that the nutrition supply in soil is not balanced any more, the absorption of other elements is inhibited, the disease resistance of pineapples is reduced, the problems of diseases and insect pests are increased year by year, the yield of pineapples is low, the quality of pineapples is poor, and pineapple fruits are easy to crack, so that the pineapple fruits lose commodity value.
Therefore, the research on the organic formula fertilizer and the application of the organic formula fertilizer to the planting of the pineapples have important significance in improving the yield and the quality of the pineapples.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a method for planting pineapples by using an organic formula fertilizer, which is characterized in that the fertilizer with balanced nutrients, strong soil fertility and strong water retention capacity is formed by the mutual synergistic effect of components of astragalus sinicus straws, chicken manure, fungus stick waste residues, waste plant medicine residues, bean pulp, a composite microbial inoculum, humic acid, composite amino acid and a water retention agent in the organic formula fertilizer, and the yield and the quality of pineapples are effectively improved by soil preparation, seedling planting, additional fertilization, management of prophase flowers, flower forcing management, management of fruit period and harvesting in the process of planting pineapples by using the organic formula fertilizer.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an organic formula fertilizer comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 25-30 parts of milk vetch straw, 10-20 parts of chicken manure, 10-15 parts of mushroom stick waste residue, 15-20 parts of waste plant medicine residue, 12-16 parts of soybean meal, 3-6 parts of composite microbial inoculum, 15-20 parts of humic acid, 4-8 parts of composite amino acid and 4-8 parts of water-retaining agent.
As the optimization of the technical scheme, the raw material components and the dry weight parts are as follows: 30 parts of astragalus sinicus straw, 15 parts of chicken manure, 15 parts of mushroom stick waste residue, 20 parts of waste plant medicine residue, 12 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of composite microbial inoculum, 20 parts of humic acid, 6 parts of composite amino acid and 5 parts of water-retaining agent.
Preferably, the water-retaining agent is prepared by mixing modified carboxymethyl cellulose, polyacrylamide and phosphated starch according to a weight ratio of 1:1: 2-3.
Preferably, the composite microbial inoculum comprises the following components: azotobacter chroococcum, candida utilis, vibrio proteolyticus and bacillus licheniformis, wherein the specific gravity of each component is 2-5:1:2-4:1-3 in terms of viable count.
As the optimization of the technical scheme, the total number of viable bacteria of the composite microbial inoculum is more than or equal to 1 hundred million/g.
A preparation method of an organic formula fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: pulverizing milk vetch straw to 1-5cm, pulverizing mushroom stick waste residue, and sieving with 50-100 mesh sieve;
(2) composting and fermenting: stirring and mixing the crushed astragalus sinicus straw, the crushed waste residues of the bacteria sticks, the chicken manure, the waste plant dregs, the bean pulp, the composite microbial inoculum, the humic acid and the composite amino acid uniformly according to the raw material ratio, controlling the stacking height to be 60-80cm, performing stacking fermentation on a covering film for 20-30 days, controlling the temperature to be 50-55 ℃, and turning the stack for 1-2 times when the stacking fermentation is carried out for 10-15 days to obtain a stacked fermented thoroughly decomposed fertilizer for later use;
(3) mixing: after composting the fermented and decomposed fertilizer, weighing the water-retaining agent according to the mixture ratio of the raw materials into the composting fermented and decomposed fertilizer, and mixing and stirring uniformly;
(4) and (3) granulation: and conveying the composite mixed material to a fertilizer granulator to prepare the organic formula fertilizer with the granularity of 3-5 mm.
A method for planting pineapples by using organic formula fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) land preparation: performing soil weathering treatment on the pineapple planting land 2-3 months before pineapple planting, and reclaiming with the depth of 30-35cm, and scattering soil conditioner with dosage of 300-2(ii) a Preparing for ploughing 1 month before planting, preparing soil, ridging, removing impurities, ridging at 25-30cm height, planting for 15 days, applying 600 plus organic formula fertilizer and 800kg/hm2As a base fertilizer;
(2) seedling planting: selecting healthy seedlings of pineapple varieties with strong stress resistance, high quality and high yield for planting; digging small holes at the planting positions, putting pineapple seedlings, strengthening, returning soil, compacting surrounding soil, and thoroughly leaching root fixing water;
(3) topdressing: after 3-8 months of survival of the pineapples after field planting, topdressing is carried out every 2-3 months for 2-3 times; the top dressing adopts organic formula fertilizer; the dosage of the top dressing is 20-50kg/hm2；
(4) Managing in the early flowering stage: spraying leaf fertilizer every 15-20 days on pineapple plants in the prophase of flowering for 3 months, and spraying 800-1200mL of leaf fertilizer on each plant;
(5) flower forcing management: when the number of pineapple leaves reaches 30-32, flower forcing can be realized; nitrogen fertilizer application is stopped one month before flower forcing; watering flowers for 2 times with ethephon solution, with interval of 4-6 days; the concentration of the ethephon solution is 800-1000 times, and the dosage of each plant is 100-120 mL; stopping applying all fertilizers to the plants in the flowering period, and performing pest control on the plants;
(6) fruit period management: spraying the whole plant with an anti-cracking regulator before the expansion period of the pineapple fruit, wherein the dosage of each plant is 150-; ditching and topdressing during the mature period of fruits, applying 1-2kg of organic formula fertilizer to each plant, stirring the organic formula fertilizer and soil uniformly, then returning the soil to fill and level, bagging the fruits, and then shading in time;
(7) harvesting: picking is performed when the pineapple fruit is ripe.
Preferably, in the step (6), the anti-cracking regulator is prepared by mixing boric acid, 6-benzylamino adenine, calcium acetate and potassium chloride according to the weight ratio of 3-5:0.5-1:2-3: 1; the anti-cracking regulator is diluted by 500 times of 800 times of liquid and then is used.
Preferably, in the step (4), the foliar fertilizer is prepared by mixing potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, magnesium sulfate, sodium alginate oligosaccharide and sodium bisulfite according to the weight ratio of 1-2:1:1-3:0.5-1: 2-4; the foliar fertilizer is used after being diluted with 250 times of liquid and 400 times of liquid.
Preferably, the ditching in the step (6) is 10-15cm in depth, 15-20cm in width and 30-35cm in length.
In the present invention, the soil conditioner, boric acid, 6-benzylamino adenine, calcium acetate, potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, magnesium sulfate, sodium alginate oligosaccharide, sodium bisulfite and the like are commercially available.
The astragalus sinicus serving as a nitrogen fixation crop has the advantages of high nitrogen content, low C/N content, higher total nutrient content, no antibiotics and heavy metals, fewer pathogenic bacteria, higher yield and no odor generated in the collection and transportation process, and is a good raw material of an organic fertilizer.
The waste mushroom stick dregs are culture medium of edible mushroom produced with sawdust, corn flour, bran, sugar and trace elements as main material, and are one kind of synthesized lignocellulose containing rich organic matter, great amount of coarse fiber, wood filament and mycelium, and the mycelium contains great amount of protein, amino acid, carbohydrate, vitamins and trace elements.
Boron and calcium are elements necessary for plant growth and development, boron plays an important role in the synthesis of plant cell walls, cell elongation and division, enzyme activity, hormone metabolism and the like, and calcium also plays an important role in the stabilization of plant cell membranes and cell walls, the regulation of enzymes, osmotic regulation and the like. The cell wall is the largest calcium reservoir of plant cells, the concentration of calcium ions in the wall is far greater than that in cells, and the calcium ions in the wall and acidic pectin are crosslinked to form a stable structure, so that the mechanical strength of the cell wall is increased. Boron is also mainly present on cell walls, and the boron content on the cell walls can reach 98% when the boron is deficient. The borate and the phosphate residue of the pectin are crosslinked to form rhamnogalacturonan II which plays an important role in stabilizing the cell wall structure.
The calcium oxide is added into the anti-cracking regulator, so that the content of calcium element in the plant is higher, calcium pectate is generated by combining the calcium element and pectic acid and is fixed on cell walls of new tissues, the structure of the plant is reinforced, the toughness of fruit pericarp cells is enhanced, the anti-cracking capability of pericarp is improved, and the integrity of the pericarp is further ensured.
Boric acid is added into the anti-cracking regulator, so that the content of boron in plants is higher, and the borate and the phosphate residue of pectin are crosslinked to form rhamnogalacturonan II, so that the cell wall structure can be stabilized, the toughness of fruit pericarp cells can be enhanced, the anti-cracking capability of the pericarp can be improved, and the integrity of the pericarp can be further ensured; in addition, the drought resistance and disease resistance of the plant can be enhanced by boron, the moisture of the boron in the plant body can be controlled, the viscosity of the protoplasm of the plant can be improved, the water binding capacity of the colloid can be enhanced, the formation of the vitamin C of the plant can be promoted after the boron-containing anti-cracking regulator is applied, and the stress resistance of the plant can be increased by the increase of the vitamin C.
By adding 6-benzylamino adenine into the fruit cracking preventing regulator, the photosynthesis of crops can be enhanced, the cell extension of plants and the growth and development of the plants can be effectively accelerated, the flower and fruit dropping of the plants can be reduced, and the fruit yield of the plants can be improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. the organic formula fertilizer takes the astragalus sinicus straws as the main material, is scientifically compatible with chicken manure, mushroom stick waste residues, waste plant medicine residues and other raw materials, is fermented by the compound microbial inoculum and then is decomposed to form the fertilizer rich in micromolecular organic matters, has balanced nutrients and lasting fertility, can meet the nutritional requirements of growth and development of pineapples after being applied, and effectively improves the yield and the quality of the pineapples; the water-retaining agent is added into the organic formula fertilizer, so that the organic formula fertilizer is beneficial to improving the soil structure and the soil air permeability, improving the soil fertility and the water retention capacity, and avoiding the phenomena of stem cracking and fruit cracking of the pineapples before fruit picking; the addition of the compound amino acid and the humic acid can also adjust the acid-base balance of the soil, improve the microenvironment of the root system of the plant and enhance the disease resistance and stress resistance of the plant; through the mutual synergistic effect of all components in the organic formula fertilizer, a fertilizer with balanced nutrients, strong soil fertility and strong water retention capacity is formed, so that the yield and the quality of pineapples are improved; in addition, in the process of utilizing the organic formula fertilizer to plant the pineapples, the anti-cracking regulator is used before the fruit expanding period, so that the thickness and the toughness of the pineapple peels are greatly enhanced, the pineapple fruits are effectively prevented from cracking, and the quality of the pineapple fruits is improved.
2. The anti-cracking fruit regulator disclosed by the invention is formed by mixing boric acid, 6-benzylamino adenine, calcium acetate and potassium chloride, so that the pineapple plant is rich in sufficient boron and calcium elements, the cell wall structure can be stabilized, the toughness of the pericarp cells of the pineapple fruit is enhanced, the anti-cracking capability of the pericarp is improved, the integrity of the pericarp is further ensured, the quality of the fruit is improved, in addition, the fruit drop rate of the pineapple is reduced, and the yield of the pineapple is effectively improved.
3. The water-retaining agent is prepared by mixing modified carboxymethyl cellulose, polyacrylamide and phosphated starch, has strong water absorption and water retention, can form a granular structure in soil, enhances the water permeability and air permeability of the soil, and can reduce the temperature difference between day and night of the soil; meanwhile, the fertilizer and pesticide can be absorbed and released slowly, so that the effects of the fertilizer and the pesticide are enhanced; can improve soil, preserve water and resist drought, creates good environmental conditions for pineapple fruit bearing, and greatly reduces the fruit cracking rate of pineapple.
4. The compound amino acid is added into the organic formula fertilizer, so that various nutrient elements required in pineapple plants can be increased after the compound amino acid is applied, the accumulation of dry matters and the running speed and quantity from roots or leaves of the plants to other parts are enhanced, the proportion and balance state of major elements, trace elements and various nutrient components are adjusted, and the fruit cracking phenomenon of the plants caused by single nutrient component is avoided; the chlorophyll content of plants can be increased, the activity of enzyme is improved, the penetration of carbon dioxide is promoted, the photosynthesis is more vigorous, and the important effects of improving the pineapple quality and increasing the content of vitamin C and total sugar are achieved.
5. The humic acid is added into the organic formula fertilizer, the humic acid can develop the root system of crops, enhance the activity of enzymes in the crops, improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer, stimulate the opening angle of leaf pores, play roles in resisting drought, cold, waterlogging and the like, enhance the stress resistance of pineapples, improve the sugar degree and chromaticity of fruits, improve and improve the quality of the fruits, and the humic acid is used as an active group, can enhance the granular structure of soil, improve the air permeability and water retention of the soil, increase the soil capacity, play a role in fertilizing the soil, effectively inhibit and reduce the residues of harmful substances such as heavy metals, nitrates and the like, thereby achieving the effect of environmental protection.
6. The invention fully utilizes agricultural waste resources, and effectively inhibits the incineration and the abandonment of resources such as astragalus sinicus straws, mushroom stick waste residues, abandoned plant medicine residues and the like; the application amount of the fertilizer can be reduced, ecological damage and environmental pollution caused by excessive application of the fertilizer are avoided, and benign ecological cycle is formed; meanwhile, the agricultural travel income can be increased, and the sustainable development of agriculture is promoted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the vegetative growth phase of pineapple.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the development stage (bagging) of pineapple fruit.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the mature period of pineapple fruit.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are provided only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
An organic formula fertilizer comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight:
30 parts of milk vetch straw, 15 parts of chicken manure, 15 parts of mushroom stick waste residue, 20 parts of waste plant medicine residue, 12 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of composite microbial inoculum (the components comprise azotobacter chroococcum, candida utilis, vibrio proteolyticus and bacillus licheniformis, and the proportion of each component is 4:1:3:2 and the total number of viable bacteria is 1.5 hundred million/gram) in terms of viable bacteria number, 20 parts of humic acid, 6 parts of composite amino acid and 5 parts of water-retaining agent (prepared by mixing modified carboxymethyl cellulose, polyacrylamide and phosphated starch according to the weight ratio of 1:1: 2).
A preparation method of an organic formula fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: pulverizing Astragalus sinicus straw to 2cm, pulverizing waste residue of fungus stick, and sieving with 50 mesh sieve;
(2) composting and fermenting: uniformly stirring and mixing the crushed astragalus sinicus straw, the crushed waste residues of the bacteria sticks, the chicken manure, the waste plant dregs, the bean pulp, the composite microbial inoculum, the humic acid and the composite amino acid according to the raw material ratio, controlling the pile height to be 80cm, performing pile fermentation on a covering film for 25 days, controlling the temperature to be 50 ℃, and turning over the piles for 2 times when the pile fermentation reaches 15 days to obtain a pile fermented thoroughly decomposed fertilizer for later use;
(3) mixing: after composting the fermented and decomposed fertilizer, weighing the water-retaining agent according to the mixture ratio of the raw materials into the composting fermented and decomposed fertilizer, and mixing and stirring uniformly;
(4) and (3) granulation: and conveying the composite mixed material to a fertilizer granulator to prepare the organic formula fertilizer with the granularity of 3 mm.
A method for planting pineapples by using an organic formula fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: performing soil weathering treatment on pineapple planting land 2 months before pineapple planting, and reclaiming with a depth of 30cm, and scattering soil conditioner at a dosage of 350kg/hm2(ii) a Preparing for ploughing 1 month before planting, preparing soil, ridging, removing impurities, ridging to 25cm, and applying 800kg/hm of organic formula fertilizer 15 days after planting2As a base fertilizer;
(2) seedling planting: selecting healthy seedlings of Tainong No. 16 with strong stress resistance, high quality and high yield for planting; digging small holes at the planting positions, putting pineapple seedlings, strengthening, returning soil, compacting surrounding soil, and thoroughly leaching root fixing water;
(3) topdressing: topdressing is carried out for 3 times every 3 months after the pineapples are planted and survived for 5 months; the top dressing adopts an organic formula fertilizer, and the dosage of the top dressing is 45kg/hm2FIG. 1 is a diagram of the vegetative growth period of pineapple;
(4) managing in the early flowering stage: spraying a foliar fertilizer every 20 days to pineapple plants in 3 months at the prophase of flowering, wherein each plant is sprayed with 1000mL of the foliar fertilizer, the foliar fertilizer is prepared by mixing monopotassium phosphate, urea, magnesium sulfate, sodium alginate oligosaccharide and sodium bisulfite according to the weight ratio of 1:1:2:0.5:4, and the foliar fertilizer is diluted by 300 times of liquid for use;
(5) flower forcing management: when the number of pineapple leaves reaches 30, flower forcing can be realized; nitrogen fertilizer application is stopped one month before flower forcing; watering flowers for 2 times with ethephon solution, with interval of 5 days; the concentration of the ethephon solution is 1000 times, and the dosage of each plant is 100 mL; stopping applying all fertilizers to the plants in the flowering period, and performing pest control on the plants;
(6) fruit period management: spraying the whole plant with an anti-cracking regulator before the swelling period of the pineapple fruits, wherein the using amount of each plant is 150mL, the anti-cracking regulator is formed by mixing boric acid, 6-benzylamino adenine, calcium acetate and potassium chloride according to the weight ratio of 4:1:2:1, and the anti-cracking regulator is diluted with 600 times of liquid for use; ditching and topdressing during fruit mature period, wherein the ditching depth is 10cm, the width is 20cm, the length is 35cm, 2kg of organic formula fertilizer is applied to each plant, the organic formula fertilizer and soil are uniformly stirred and then returned to soil for filling, and the fruits are bagged, wherein FIG. 2 is a diagram of pineapple fruit development period (bagging), and then shading treatment is timely carried out;
(7) harvesting: picking is carried out when the pineapple fruits are ripe, and fig. 3 is a graph of the ripe period of the pineapple fruits.
Comparative example 1
The difference between the comparative example 1 and the example 1 is that the astragalus sinicus straw is used as the raw material of the organic fertilizer for composting in the comparative example 1, and the rest is consistent with the example 1.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 is different from example 1 in that chicken manure is used as a raw material for organic fertilizer in comparative example 2, and the rest is the same as example 1.
Comparative example 3
The difference between the comparative example 3 and the example 1 is that the base fertilizer and the top dressing applied in the pineapple planting in the comparative example 3 are chemical fertilizers, and the rest are consistent with the example 1.
Comparative example 4
Comparative example 4 differs from example 1 in that comparative example 4 does not use an anti-dehiscence fruit conditioner during the fruit stage management, and the rest is identical to example 1.
Example 2
An organic formula fertilizer comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight:
25 parts of milk vetch straw, 15 parts of chicken manure, 13 parts of mushroom stick waste residue, 20 parts of waste plant medicine residue, 16 parts of soybean meal, 6 parts of composite microbial inoculum (the components comprise azotobacter chroococcum, candida utilis, vibrio proteolyticus and bacillus licheniformis, and the proportion of each component is 2:1:4:3 and the total number of viable bacteria is 1 hundred million/gram) in terms of viable bacteria number, 15 parts of humic acid, 8 parts of composite amino acid and 5 parts of water-retaining agent (prepared by mixing modified carboxymethyl cellulose, polyacrylamide and phosphated starch according to the weight ratio of 1:1: 2).
A preparation method of an organic formula fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: pulverizing milk vetch straw to 1cm, pulverizing mushroom stick waste residue, and sieving with 80 mesh sieve;
(2) composting and fermenting: uniformly stirring and mixing the crushed astragalus sinicus straw, the crushed waste residues of the bacteria sticks, the chicken manure, the waste plant dregs, the bean pulp, the composite microbial inoculum, the humic acid and the composite amino acid according to the raw material ratio, controlling the pile height to be 60cm, performing pile fermentation on a covering film for 25 days, controlling the temperature to be 52 ℃, and turning over the pile for 1 time when the pile fermentation reaches 10 days to obtain a pile fermented thoroughly decomposed fertilizer for later use;
(3) mixing: after composting the fermented and decomposed fertilizer, weighing the water-retaining agent according to the mixture ratio of the raw materials into the composting fermented and decomposed fertilizer, and mixing and stirring uniformly;
(4) and (3) granulation: and conveying the composite mixed material to a fertilizer granulator to prepare the organic formula fertilizer with the granularity of 5 mm.
A method for planting pineapples by using an organic formula fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: performing soil weathering treatment on pineapple planting land 2 months before pineapple planting, and reclaiming with a depth of 35cm, and scattering soil conditioner at a dosage of 400kg/hm2(ii) a Preparing for ploughing 1 month before planting, preparing soil, ridging, removing impurities, ridging to 30cm, and applying 750kg/hm of organic formula fertilizer 15 days after planting2As a base fertilizer;
(2) seedling planting: selecting healthy seedlings of Tainong No. 16 with strong stress resistance, high quality and high yield for planting; digging small holes at the planting positions, putting pineapple seedlings, strengthening, returning soil, compacting surrounding soil, and thoroughly leaching root fixing water;
(3) topdressing: topdressing is carried out for 4 months after the pineapples are planted and survived, and the topdressing is carried out for 2 times every 3 months; the top dressing adopts an organic formula fertilizer, and the dosage of the top dressing is 20kg/hm2；
(4) Managing in the early flowering stage: spraying 800mL of foliar fertilizer every 15 days on pineapple plants in 3 months at the prophase of the flower, wherein the foliar fertilizer is prepared by mixing monopotassium phosphate, urea, magnesium sulfate, sodium alginate oligosaccharide and sodium bisulfite according to the weight ratio of 1:1:1:1:4, and the foliar fertilizer is diluted by 300 times of liquid for use;
(5) flower forcing management: when the number of pineapple leaves reaches 32, flower forcing can be realized; nitrogen fertilizer application is stopped one month before flower forcing; watering flowers for 2 times with ethephon solution, with interval of 4 days; the concentration of the ethephon solution is 1000 times, and the dosage of each plant is 115 mL; stopping applying all fertilizers to the plants in the flowering period, and performing pest control on the plants;
(6) fruit period management: spraying the whole plant with an anti-cracking regulator before the swelling period of the pineapple fruit, wherein the using amount of each plant is 180mL, the anti-cracking regulator is formed by mixing boric acid, 6-benzylamino adenine, calcium acetate and potassium chloride according to the weight ratio of 3:1:2:1, and the anti-cracking regulator is diluted with 600 times of liquid for use; ditching for topdressing in the mature period of fruits, wherein the ditching depth is 10cm, the ditching width is 20cm, the ditching length is 30cm, 1kg of organic formula fertilizer is applied to each plant, the organic formula fertilizer and soil are uniformly stirred and then returned to the soil for filling, the fruits are bagged, and then shading treatment is timely carried out;
(7) harvesting: picking is performed when the pineapple fruit is ripe.
Example 3
An organic formula fertilizer comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight:
28 parts of milk vetch straw, 10 parts of chicken manure, 12 parts of fungus stick waste residue, 15 parts of waste plant medicine residue, 16 parts of soybean meal, 3 parts of composite microbial inoculum (the components comprise azotobacter chroococcum, candida utilis, vibrio proteolyticus and bacillus licheniformis, and the proportion of each component is 5:1:2:1 and the total number of viable bacteria is 1.5 hundred million/gram) in terms of viable bacteria, 18 parts of humic acid, 4 parts of composite amino acid and 5 parts of water-retaining agent (prepared by mixing modified carboxymethyl cellulose, polyacrylamide and phosphated starch according to the weight ratio of 1:1: 3).
A preparation method of an organic formula fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: pulverizing Astragalus sinicus straw to 5cm, pulverizing waste residue of fungus stick, and sieving with 50 mesh sieve;
(2) composting and fermenting: stirring and mixing the crushed astragalus sinicus straw, the crushed waste residues of the bacteria sticks, the chicken manure, the waste plant dregs, the bean pulp, the composite microbial inoculum, the humic acid and the composite amino acid uniformly according to the raw material ratio, controlling the stacking height to be 70cm, performing stacking fermentation on a covering film for 20 days, controlling the temperature to be 50 ℃, and turning the stack for 2 times when the stacking fermentation is carried out for 10 days to obtain a stacked fermented thoroughly decomposed fertilizer for later use;
(3) mixing: after composting the fermented and decomposed fertilizer, weighing the water-retaining agent according to the mixture ratio of the raw materials into the composting fermented and decomposed fertilizer, and mixing and stirring uniformly;
(4) and (3) granulation: and conveying the composite mixed material to a fertilizer granulator to prepare the organic formula fertilizer with the granularity of 3 mm.
A method for planting pineapples by using an organic formula fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: performing soil weathering treatment on pineapple planting land 3 months before pineapple planting, and reclaiming with a depth of 30cm, and scattering soil conditioner at a dosage of 300kg/hm2(ii) a Preparing for ploughing 1 month before planting, preparing soil, ridging, removing impurities, ridging to 30cm, and applying 600kg/hm of organic formula fertilizer 15 days after planting2As a base fertilizer;
(2) seedling planting: selecting healthy seedlings of Tainong No. 16 with strong stress resistance, high quality and high yield for planting; digging small holes at the planting positions, putting pineapple seedlings, strengthening, returning soil, compacting surrounding soil, and thoroughly leaching root fixing water;
(3) topdressing: topdressing is carried out for 3 times every 3 months after 8 months after the pineapples are planted and survived; the top dressing adopts an organic formula fertilizer, and the dosage of the top dressing is 50kg/hm2；
(4) Managing in the early flowering stage: spraying 800mL of foliar fertilizer every 18 days on pineapple plants in 3 months at the prophase of the flower, wherein the foliar fertilizer is prepared by mixing monopotassium phosphate, urea, magnesium sulfate, sodium alginate oligosaccharide and sodium bisulfite according to the weight ratio of 1:1:3:0.5:2, and is used after being diluted by 250 times of liquid;
(5) flower forcing management: when the number of pineapple leaves reaches 32, flower forcing can be realized; nitrogen fertilizer application is stopped one month before flower forcing; watering flowers for 2 times with ethephon solution, with interval of 4 days; the concentration of the ethephon solution is 1000 times, and the dosage of each plant is 120 mL; stopping applying all fertilizers to the plants in the flowering period, and performing pest control on the plants;
(6) fruit period management: spraying the whole plant with an anti-cracking regulator before the swelling period of the pineapple fruits, wherein the using amount of each plant is 150mL, the anti-cracking regulator is formed by mixing boric acid, 6-benzylamino adenine, calcium acetate and potassium chloride according to the weight ratio of 3:1:2:1, and the anti-cracking regulator is diluted by 500 times of liquid for use; ditching for topdressing in the mature period of fruits, wherein the ditching depth is 15cm, the ditching width is 20cm, the ditching length is 35cm, 2kg of organic formula fertilizer is applied to each plant, the organic formula fertilizer and soil are uniformly stirred and then returned to the soil for filling, the fruits are bagged, and then shading treatment is timely carried out;
(7) harvesting: picking is performed when the pineapple fruit is ripe.
Example 4
An organic formula fertilizer comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight:
30 parts of milk vetch straw, 10 parts of chicken manure, 15 parts of mushroom stick waste residue, 20 parts of waste plant medicine residue, 12 parts of soybean meal, 4 parts of composite microbial inoculum (the components comprise azotobacter chroococcum, candida utilis, vibrio proteolyticus and bacillus licheniformis, and the proportion of each component is 3:1:4:1 and the total number of viable bacteria is 2 hundred million/gram) in terms of viable bacteria, 20 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of composite amino acid and 8 parts of water-retaining agent (prepared by mixing modified carboxymethyl cellulose, polyacrylamide and phosphated starch according to the weight ratio of 1:1: 3).
A preparation method of an organic formula fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: pulverizing Astragalus sinicus straw to 3cm, pulverizing waste residue of fungus stick, and sieving with 100 mesh sieve;
(2) composting and fermenting: uniformly stirring and mixing the crushed astragalus sinicus straw, the crushed waste residues of the bacteria sticks, the chicken manure, the waste plant dregs, the bean pulp, the composite microbial inoculum, the humic acid and the composite amino acid according to the raw material ratio, controlling the stacking height to be 80cm, performing stacking fermentation on a covering film for 25 days, controlling the temperature to be 50 ℃, and turning the stack for 1 time when the stacking fermentation is carried out for 15 days to obtain a stacked fermented thoroughly decomposed fertilizer for later use;
(3) mixing: after composting the fermented and decomposed fertilizer, weighing the water-retaining agent according to the mixture ratio of the raw materials into the composting fermented and decomposed fertilizer, and mixing and stirring uniformly;
(4) and (3) granulation: and conveying the composite mixed material to a fertilizer granulator to prepare the organic formula fertilizer with the granularity of 5 mm.
A method for planting pineapples by using an organic formula fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: performing soil weathering treatment on pineapple planting land 2 months before pineapple planting, and reclaiming with a depth of 30cm, and scattering soil conditioner at a dosage of 300kg/hm2(ii) a Preparing for ploughing 1 month before planting, preparing soil, ridging, removing impurities, ridging at 25cm height, and applying 650kg/hm of organic formula fertilizer 15 days after planting2As a base fertilizer;
(2) seedling planting: selecting healthy seedlings of Tainong No. 16 with strong stress resistance, high quality and high yield for planting; digging small holes at the planting positions, putting pineapple seedlings, strengthening, returning soil, compacting surrounding soil, and thoroughly leaching root fixing water;
(3) topdressing: topdressing is carried out for 2 times every 2 months after 8 months after the pineapples are planted and survived; the top dressing adopts an organic formula fertilizer, and the dosage of the top dressing is 30kg/hm2；
(4) Managing in the early flowering stage: spraying 800mL of foliar fertilizer every 20 days on pineapple plants in 3 months at the prophase of flowering, wherein the foliar fertilizer is prepared by mixing monopotassium phosphate, urea, magnesium sulfate, sodium alginate oligosaccharide and sodium bisulfite according to the weight ratio of 2:1:3:1:2, and the foliar fertilizer is diluted by 250 times of liquid for use;
(5) flower forcing management: when the number of pineapple leaves reaches 30, flower forcing can be realized; nitrogen fertilizer application is stopped one month before flower forcing; watering flowers for 2 times with ethephon solution, with interval of 6 days; the concentration of the ethephon solution is 800 times, and the dosage of each plant is 100 mL; stopping applying all fertilizers to the plants in the flowering period, and performing pest control on the plants;
(6) fruit period management: spraying the whole plant with an anti-cracking regulator before the swelling period of the pineapple fruits, wherein the using amount of each plant is 200mL, the anti-cracking regulator is formed by mixing boric acid, 6-benzylamino adenine, calcium acetate and potassium chloride according to the weight ratio of 5:0.5:3:1, and the anti-cracking regulator is diluted by 600 times and then used; ditching for topdressing in the mature period of fruits, wherein the ditching depth is 10cm, the ditching width is 15cm, the ditching length is 30cm, 1kg of organic formula fertilizer is applied to each plant, the organic formula fertilizer and soil are uniformly stirred and then returned to the soil for filling, the fruits are bagged, and then shading treatment is timely carried out;
(7) harvesting: picking is performed when the pineapple fruit is ripe.
Example 5
An organic formula fertilizer comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight:
30 parts of milk vetch straw, 10 parts of chicken manure, 10 parts of mushroom stick waste residue, 15 parts of waste plant medicine residue, 16 parts of soybean meal, 6 parts of composite microbial inoculum (the components comprise azotobacter chroococcum, candida utilis, vibrio proteolyticus and bacillus licheniformis, and the proportion of each component is 5:1:2:3 and the total number of viable bacteria is 1.5 hundred million/gram) in terms of viable bacteria number, 20 parts of humic acid, 8 parts of composite amino acid and 8 parts of water-retaining agent (prepared by mixing modified carboxymethyl cellulose, polyacrylamide and phosphated starch according to the weight ratio of 1:1: 2).
A preparation method of an organic formula fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: pulverizing Astragalus sinicus straw to 5cm, pulverizing waste residue of fungus stick, and sieving with 100 mesh sieve;
(2) composting and fermenting: uniformly stirring and mixing the crushed astragalus sinicus straw, the crushed waste residues of the bacteria sticks, the chicken manure, the waste plant dregs, the bean pulp, the composite microbial inoculum, the humic acid and the composite amino acid according to the raw material ratio, controlling the pile height to be 60cm, performing pile fermentation on a covering film for 30 days, controlling the temperature to be 55 ℃, and turning over the pile for 1 time when the pile fermentation reaches 10 days to obtain a pile fermented thoroughly decomposed fertilizer for later use;
(3) mixing: after composting the fermented and decomposed fertilizer, weighing the water-retaining agent according to the mixture ratio of the raw materials into the composting fermented and decomposed fertilizer, and mixing and stirring uniformly;
(4) and (3) granulation: and conveying the composite mixed material to a fertilizer granulator to prepare the organic formula fertilizer with the granularity of 5 mm.
A method for planting pineapples by using an organic formula fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: subjecting pineapple planting land to soil weathering treatment 3 months before pineapple planting, and reclaiming with 35cm depth and scatteringAdding soil regulator in an amount of 450kg/hm2(ii) a Preparing for ploughing 1 month before planting, preparing soil, ridging, removing impurities, ridging to 25cm, and applying 800kg/hm of organic formula fertilizer 15 days after planting2As a base fertilizer;
(2) seedling planting: selecting healthy seedlings of Tainong No. 16 with strong stress resistance, high quality and high yield for planting; digging small holes at the planting positions, putting pineapple seedlings, strengthening, returning soil, compacting surrounding soil, and thoroughly leaching root fixing water;
(3) topdressing: topdressing is carried out for 3 times every 2 months after 8 months after the pineapples are planted and survived; the top dressing adopts an organic formula fertilizer, and the dosage of the top dressing is 40kg/hm2；
(4) Managing in the early flowering stage: spraying 1200mL of foliar fertilizer every 20 days on pineapple plants in 3 months at the prophase of flowering, wherein the foliar fertilizer is prepared by mixing monopotassium phosphate, urea, magnesium sulfate, sodium alginate oligosaccharide and sodium bisulfite according to the weight ratio of 2:1:1:0.5:4, and is diluted by 400 times of liquid for use;
(5) flower forcing management: when the number of pineapple leaves reaches 32, flower forcing can be realized; nitrogen fertilizer application is stopped one month before flower forcing; watering flowers for 2 times with ethephon solution, with interval of 6 days; the concentration of the ethephon solution is 800 times, and the dosage of each plant is 120 mL; stopping applying all fertilizers to the plants in the flowering period, and performing pest control on the plants;
(6) fruit period management: spraying the whole plant with an anti-cracking regulator before the swelling period of the pineapple fruits, wherein the using amount of each plant is 200mL, the anti-cracking regulator is formed by mixing boric acid, 6-benzylamino adenine, calcium acetate and potassium chloride according to the weight ratio of 3:0.5:3:1, and the anti-cracking regulator is diluted by 500 times and then used; ditching for topdressing in the mature period of fruits, wherein the ditching depth is 15cm, the ditching width is 20cm, the ditching length is 35cm, 2kg of organic formula fertilizer is applied to each plant, the organic formula fertilizer and soil are uniformly stirred and then returned to the soil for filling, the fruits are bagged, and then shading treatment is timely carried out;
(7) harvesting: picking is performed when the pineapple fruit is ripe.
Example 6
An organic formula fertilizer comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight:
30 parts of milk vetch straw, 20 parts of chicken manure, 10 parts of fungus stick waste residue, 20 parts of waste plant dregs, 15 parts of soybean meal, 6 parts of composite microbial inoculum (the components comprise azotobacter chroococcum, candida utilis, vibrio proteolyticus and bacillus licheniformis, and the proportion of each component is 5:1:4:2 and the total number of viable bacteria is 1.2 hundred million/gram) in terms of viable bacteria number, 20 parts of humic acid, 8 parts of composite amino acid and 4 parts of water-retaining agent (prepared by mixing modified carboxymethyl cellulose, polyacrylamide and phosphated starch according to the weight ratio of 1:1: 2).
A preparation method of an organic formula fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: pulverizing milk vetch straw to 1cm, pulverizing mushroom stick waste residue, and sieving with 50 mesh sieve;
(2) composting and fermenting: stirring and mixing the crushed astragalus sinicus straw, the crushed waste residues of the bacteria sticks, the chicken manure, the waste plant dregs, the bean pulp, the composite microbial inoculum, the humic acid and the composite amino acid uniformly according to the raw material ratio, controlling the stacking height to be 60-80cm, performing stacking fermentation on a covering film for 20 days, controlling the temperature to be 50 ℃, and turning the stack for 2 times when the stacking fermentation is carried out for 15 days to obtain a stacking fermented thoroughly decomposed fertilizer for later use;
(3) mixing: after composting the fermented and decomposed fertilizer, weighing the water-retaining agent according to the mixture ratio of the raw materials into the composting fermented and decomposed fertilizer, and mixing and stirring uniformly;
(4) and (3) granulation: and conveying the composite mixed material to a fertilizer granulator to prepare the organic formula fertilizer with the granularity of 3 mm.
A method for planting pineapples by using an organic formula fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: performing soil weathering treatment on pineapple planting land 2 months before pineapple planting, and reclaiming with a depth of 30cm, and scattering soil conditioner at a dosage of 450kg/hm2(ii) a Preparing for ploughing 1 month before planting, preparing soil, ridging, removing impurities, ridging to 25cm, and applying 800kg/hm of organic formula fertilizer 15 days after planting2As a base fertilizer;
(2) seedling planting: selecting healthy seedlings of Tainong No. 16 with strong stress resistance, high quality and high yield for planting; digging small holes at the planting positions, putting pineapple seedlings, strengthening, returning soil, compacting surrounding soil, and thoroughly leaching root fixing water;
(3) topdressing: topdressing is carried out for 3 times every 2 months after 8 months after the pineapples are planted and survived; the top dressing adopts an organic formula fertilizer, and the dosage of the top dressing is 30kg/hm2；
(4) Managing in the early flowering stage: spraying a leaf fertilizer to pineapple plants in 3 months at the prophase of flowering every 15 days, wherein each plant is sprayed with 900mL of the leaf fertilizer, the leaf fertilizer is prepared by mixing monopotassium phosphate, urea, magnesium sulfate, sodium alginate oligosaccharide and sodium bisulfite according to the weight ratio of 2:1:1:1:3, and the leaf fertilizer is diluted with 400 times of liquid for use;
(5) flower forcing management: when the number of pineapple leaves reaches 30, flower forcing can be realized; nitrogen fertilizer application is stopped one month before flower forcing; watering flowers for 2 times with ethephon solution, with interval of 6 days; the concentration of the ethephon solution is 800 times, and the dosage of each plant is 120 mL; stopping applying all fertilizers to the plants in the flowering period, and performing pest control on the plants;
(6) fruit period management: spraying the whole plant with an anti-cracking regulator before the swelling period of the pineapple fruits, wherein the using amount of each plant is 150mL, the anti-cracking regulator is formed by mixing boric acid, 6-benzylamino adenine, calcium acetate and potassium chloride according to the weight ratio of 5:1:2:1, and the anti-cracking regulator is diluted with 800 times of liquid for use; ditching for topdressing in the mature period of fruits, wherein the ditching depth is 10cm, the ditching width is 20cm, the ditching length is 35cm, 2kg of organic formula fertilizer is applied to each plant, the organic formula fertilizer and soil are uniformly stirred and then returned to the soil for filling, the fruits are bagged, and then shading treatment is timely carried out;
(7) harvesting: picking is performed when the pineapple fruit is ripe.
Statistics are carried out on the relevant data of the pineapple fruits in the examples 1-6 and the comparative examples 1-4.
TABLE 1 weight of single fruit, yield and fruit cracking rate of Tainong No. 16 pineapple in different planting methods
TABLE 2 fruit traits of Tainong No. 16 pineapple by different planting methods
TABLE 3 fruit quality of different planting methods of Tainong No. 16 pineapple
As seen from the relevant index data of the pineapple fruits of Tainong No. 16 in the tables 1-3, the relevant index data of the pineapple fruits obtained by the planting method in the embodiment 1 of the invention are far superior to those of the pineapple fruits in the comparative examples 1-3, and the organic formula fertilizer can effectively promote the growth of pineapples and improve the yield and the quality of pineapples. In addition, in table 1, from the data of comparative example 4 and example 1, the anti-dehiscence fruit regulator is applied before the fruit expansion period in example 1, so that the toughness of the fruit peel cells of the pineapple fruit is greatly enhanced, the anti-dehiscence capacity of the peel is improved, the integrity of the peel is ensured, the dehiscence rate is reduced, the fruit drop rate is also reduced, and the yield of the pineapple is improved; in table 3, the anti-craze regulator applied in example 1 can also increase the content of vitamin C.
According to the invention, through the mutual synergistic effect of the components in the organic formula fertilizer, a fertilizer with balanced nutrients, strong soil fertility and strong water retention capacity is formed, and the organic formula fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer and an additional fertilizer for planting pineapples, so that the growth and development of pineapples can be effectively promoted, and the yield and the quality of pineapples are improved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and the like that are within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The organic formula fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following raw material components in parts by weight: 25-30 parts of milk vetch straw, 10-20 parts of chicken manure, 10-15 parts of mushroom stick waste residue, 15-20 parts of waste plant medicine residue, 12-16 parts of soybean meal, 3-6 parts of composite microbial inoculum, 15-20 parts of humic acid, 4-8 parts of composite amino acid and 4-8 parts of water-retaining agent.
2. The organic formula fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the raw material components and dry weight parts are as follows: 30 parts of astragalus sinicus straw, 15 parts of chicken manure, 15 parts of mushroom stick waste residue, 20 parts of waste plant medicine residue, 12 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of composite microbial inoculum, 20 parts of humic acid, 6 parts of composite amino acid and 5 parts of water-retaining agent.
3. The organic formula fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the water retention agent is prepared by mixing modified carboxymethyl cellulose, polyacrylamide and phosphated starch according to a weight ratio of 1:1: 2-3.
4. The organic formula fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the composite microbial inoculum comprises the following components: azotobacter chroococcum, candida utilis, vibrio proteolyticus and bacillus licheniformis, wherein the specific gravity of each component is 2-5:1:2-4:1-3 in terms of viable count.
5. The organic formula fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the total viable count of the complex microbial inoculum is more than or equal to 1 hundred million/g.
6. A method for preparing an organic formula fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: pulverizing milk vetch straw to 1-5cm, pulverizing mushroom stick waste residue, and sieving with 50-100 mesh sieve;
(2) composting and fermenting: stirring and mixing the crushed astragalus sinicus straw, the crushed waste residues of the bacteria sticks, the chicken manure, the waste plant dregs, the bean pulp, the composite microbial inoculum, the humic acid and the composite amino acid uniformly according to the raw material ratio, controlling the stacking height to be 60-80cm, performing stacking fermentation on a covering film for 20-30 days, controlling the temperature to be 50-55 ℃, and turning the stack for 1-2 times when the stacking fermentation is carried out for 10-15 days to obtain a stacked fermented thoroughly decomposed fertilizer for later use;
(3) mixing: after composting the fermented and decomposed fertilizer, weighing the water-retaining agent according to the mixture ratio of the raw materials into the composting fermented and decomposed fertilizer, and mixing and stirring uniformly;
(4) and (3) granulation: and conveying the composite mixed material to a fertilizer granulator to prepare the organic formula fertilizer with the granularity of 3-5 mm.
7. A method for planting pineapples by using an organic formula fertilizer as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: performing soil weathering treatment on the pineapple planting land 2-3 months before pineapple planting, and reclaiming with the depth of 30-35cm, and scattering soil conditioner with dosage of 300-2(ii) a Preparing for ploughing 1 month before planting, preparing soil, ridging, removing impurities, ridging at 25-30cm height, planting for 15 days, applying 600 plus organic formula fertilizer and 800kg/hm2As a base fertilizer;
(2) seedling planting: selecting healthy seedlings of pineapple varieties with strong stress resistance, high quality and high yield for planting; digging small holes at the planting positions, putting pineapple seedlings, strengthening, returning soil, compacting surrounding soil, and thoroughly leaching root fixing water;
(3) topdressing: after 3-8 months of survival of the pineapples after field planting, topdressing is carried out every 2-3 months for 2-3 times; the top dressing adopts organic formula fertilizer; the dosage of the top dressing is 20-50kg/hm2；
(4) Managing in the early flowering stage: spraying leaf fertilizer every 15-20 days on pineapple plants in the prophase of flowering for 3 months, and spraying 800-1200mL of leaf fertilizer on each plant;
(5) flower forcing management: when the number of pineapple leaves reaches 30-32, flower forcing can be realized; nitrogen fertilizer application is stopped one month before flower forcing; watering flowers for 2 times with ethephon solution, with interval of 4-6 days; the concentration of the ethephon solution is 800-1000 times, and the dosage of each plant is 100-120 mL; stopping applying all fertilizers to the plants in the flowering period, and performing pest control on the plants;
(6) fruit period management: spraying the whole plant with an anti-cracking regulator before the expansion period of the pineapple fruit, wherein the dosage of each plant is 150-; ditching and topdressing during the mature period of fruits, applying 1-2kg of organic formula fertilizer to each plant, stirring the organic formula fertilizer and soil uniformly, then returning the soil to fill and level, bagging the fruits, and then shading in time;
(7) harvesting: picking is performed when the pineapple fruit is ripe.
8. The method for planting pineapples by using the organic formula fertilizer as claimed in claim 7, wherein the fruit cracking prevention regulator in the step (6) is formed by mixing boric acid, 6-benzylamino adenine, calcium acetate and potassium chloride according to the weight ratio of 3-5:0.5-1:2-3: 1; the anti-cracking regulator is diluted by 500 times of 800 times of liquid and then is used.
9. The method for planting pineapples by using the organic formula fertilizer as claimed in claim 7, wherein the foliar fertilizer in the step (4) is formed by mixing monopotassium phosphate, urea, magnesium sulfate, sodium alginate oligosaccharide and sodium bisulfite according to the weight ratio of 1-2:1:1-3:0.5-1: 2-4; the foliar fertilizer is used after being diluted with 250 times of liquid and 400 times of liquid.
10. The method for planting pineapples by using the organic formula fertilizer as claimed in claim 7, wherein the furrowing in the step (6) is 10-15cm in depth, 15-20cm in width and 30-35cm in length.
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