CN115501335B - 光声增强多重酶活性纳米酶水凝胶的制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
光声增强多重酶活性纳米酶水凝胶的制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种光声增强多重酶活性纳米酶水凝胶的制备方法，该方法制备了由Zn掺杂碳点还原的Zn‑Au/Pt/Ag与Cu掺杂碳点组成的具有多酶类活性纳米酶，并锚定在可注射纤维素水凝胶上（Zn‑Au/Pt/Ag‑Cu@CNCs），通过O2自供给级联反应促进糖尿病伤口愈合；Zn‑Au/Pt/Ag‑Cu@CNCs水凝胶表现出多重纳米酶活性，包括拟葡萄糖氧化酶（GOx）、拟过氧化物酶（POD）、拟氧化物酶（OXD）、拟过氧化氢酶（CAT）和拟超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性，且在光照及超声作用下，纳米酶活性得到很大提高，与pH响应葡萄糖引发的级联反应用于糖尿病创面愈合；该水凝胶在光声作用下，显著加强了糖尿病伤口愈合，本发明水凝胶制备简单，适用于工业化生产和市场推广应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于纳米材料抗菌技术领域，具体涉及一种光声增强多重酶活性纳米酶的可注射水凝胶以及用于治疗糖尿病伤口的级联反应方法。
背景技术
慢性伤口愈合作为糖尿病最持久的并发症之一，已成为公共健康问题。正常情况下，伤口愈合是一个高度组织化的生物学过程，可分为不同的方面，包括止血、炎症、增殖和重塑，这在很大程度上取决于愈合过程中从血管到细胞的氧气供应和营养。糖尿病创面愈合受限的过程可归因于几个阶段，包括缺氧、高血糖环境、受损的血管生成和神经病变。饥饿疗法作为一种新兴的癌症治疗策略，近年来备受关注。为了抑制细菌细胞的生长和存活，必须阻断必要的能量供应，即饥饿疗法。将饥饿疗法与具有多重模拟酶活性纳米酶结合形成的级联反应用于糖尿病伤口愈合是重要的研究方向，即通过天然或模拟葡萄糖氧化酶（GOx）直接进行葡萄糖消耗反应，该催化反应不仅可以使细菌细胞饥饿，产生的H2O2和葡萄糖酸与过氧化物酶（POD）的葡萄糖激活级联反应，生成羟基自由基（·OH），导致葡萄糖消耗和细菌死亡。拟超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）纳米酶能将超氧自由基（O2 ·-）转化为H2O2和O2，清除O2 ·-。拟过氧化氢酶（CAT）纳米酶能将H2O2转化为O2，减轻氧化应激和缺氧，使皮肤再生。
光/声辅助疗法是一种新型无创性的治疗方法，在疾病的治疗中具有较大的应用潜力。
光/声辅助疗法通过外部可调节的激光照射或超声刺激，精准地靶向病灶，从而保护周围健康组织不受损害。近年来，利用纳米技术得到的纳米光热剂、光敏剂或声敏剂可有效改善传统小分子光热剂、光敏剂或声敏剂的生理行为，同时还可增强其渗透性和保留性，通过主动靶向递送实现在病灶部位的有效蓄积。四(4-羧基苯基)卟啉氯化物（TCPP）作为同时具有光敏及声敏作用的试剂，被用于广泛研究中。碳点（CDs）是一种10nm以下超小尺寸的零维纳米材料，由于其优异的光学性能、水溶特性，特别是良好的生物相容性等特点，在抗菌治疗方面具有巨大的潜力。最近的研究表明，金属掺杂碳点会导致POD类催化过程中活性位点的利用率提高，这种杂原子掺杂不仅可以改变CDs的内部电子环境，可以提供活性位点，赋予CDs新的功能，特别将金属掺杂CDs具有的纳米酶模拟酶特性与光声疗法结合用于伤口愈合，几乎未见报道。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种光声增强多重酶活性纳米酶的可注射水凝胶的制备方法，以及用于治疗糖尿病伤口的级联反应方法， 本发明制备了由Zn掺杂碳点还原的Zn-Au/Pt/Ag与Cu掺杂碳点组成的具有多酶类活性纳米酶，并锚定在可注射纤维素水凝胶上（Zn-Au/Pt/Ag-Cu@CNCs），通过O2自供给级联反应促进糖尿病伤口愈合；Zn-Au/Pt/Ag-Cu@CNCs水凝胶表现出多重纳米酶活性，包括拟葡萄糖氧化酶（GOx）、拟过氧化物酶（POD）、拟氧化物酶（OXD）、拟过氧化氢酶（CAT）和拟超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性，且在光照及超声作用下，纳米酶活性得到很大提高，与pH响应葡萄糖引发的级联反应用于糖尿病创面愈合。第一个级联反应，由纳米酶的拟GOx引发，催化葡萄糖和O2转化为葡萄糖酸和H2O2，在拟POD及OXD作用下生成超氧阴离子自由基（O2 ·-）和羟基自由基（·OH）来根除细菌；第二个级联反应是，随着创面pH值的变化，碱性微环境发生变化，纳米酶凝胶模拟SOD将O2 ·-转化为O2和H2O2，通过拟CAT机制将内源性和外源性H2O2分解成O2，减轻氧化应激，缓解缺氧，促进糖尿病创面愈合。利用化学硼酯键和氢键交联制备了Zn-Au/Pt-Ag与微晶纤维素/单宁酸/聚乙烯醇（Zn-Au/Pt/Ag-Cu@CNCs）水凝胶，该水凝胶通过微晶纤维素、单宁酸和聚乙烯醇分子骨架中的羟基(-OH)与硼砂水解的B(OH)4 - 反应，形成硼酸酯键和氢键，能够发生动态的缔合和解缔，从而赋予水凝胶优异的自修复能力，该水凝胶在光声作用下，显著加强了糖尿病伤口愈合。
本发明光声增强多重酶活性纳米酶的可注射水凝胶的制备如下：
（1）Zn掺杂碳点（Zn-CDs）的合成：称取0.8-1.0g ZnCl2、0.3-0.5g 多巴胺、2.1-2.5g柠檬酸及0.05-0.1g乙二胺溶于30-40mL超纯水中，超声处理15-20分钟，将溶液转移至聚四氟乙烯反应器中，置于微波消解仪中，180℃反应1-2小时，反应完成后自然冷却至室温，得棕色溶液；将棕色溶液用0.22μm滤膜除去大颗粒杂质，再经高速离心，上清液真空干燥，得到Zn-CDs；
（2）金、铂、银纳米（Zn-Au/Pt/Ag）纳米酶合成：将5-10 mg的Zn-CDs溶于20mL超纯水中，然后加入0.45-0.50g AgNO3、质量浓度0.8-1.2%的0.8-1.0mL HAuCl4溶液、质量浓度0.8-1.2%的0.5-0.8mL氯铂酸溶液、45-55mmol/L的100-200μL柠檬酸三钠溶液，85-95℃加热搅拌15-25min后，冷却至室温，干燥后制得Zn-Au/Pt/Ag；
（3）铜掺杂碳点（Cu-CDs）合成：将0.13-0.15g CuCl2 与0.1g中-四-（4-羧基苯基）卟吩于10mL甲醇中溶解分散均匀后，加入15-20mL超纯水，转移至聚四氟乙烯罐，置于马弗炉中在200℃热解8-10小时后，0.22μm滤膜除去大颗粒杂质，再经高速离心，上清液真空干燥，得到Cu-CDs；
（4）水凝胶Zn-Au/Pt/Ag-Cu@CNCs合成：将0.2-0.5g微晶纤维素分散于浓度1-5mg/mL的Cu-CDs溶液20-40mL中，搅拌均匀后，加入0.4-0.5g单宁酸，继续搅拌10-20分钟，加入浓度0.5-2mg/mL的Zn-Au/Pt/Ag溶液10-20mL，搅拌30-40分钟，离心分离，洗涤固体后重新分散于蒸馏水中，配制成质量体积浓度5-7%的Zn-Au/Pt/Ag-Cu@CNCs分散液；将10-12g聚乙烯醇和15-20mL Zn-Au/Pt/Ag-Cu@CNCs分散液加入到65-80mL的超纯水中，于90-95℃加热搅拌溶解后加入质量浓度5-10%硼砂溶液5-10mL，剧烈搅拌混匀后，将其倒入模具，冷却后即得Zn-Au/Pt/Ag-Cu@CNCs水凝胶。
步骤（1）、步骤（3）中高速离心是在10000r/min下处理15-20分钟。
本发明另一目的是将上述方法制得的所述的光声增强多重酶活性纳米酶水凝胶胶应用在制备治疗糖尿病伤口试剂中，使用时，将水凝胶注射于伤口表面，然后同时用光和超声波进行处理，处理时间5-10分钟，其中光为红外光，波长为808nm，功率120W，超声功率120W，声强2.4W/cm2，频率 100kHz。
本发明的优点在于：
1、本发明制备的纳米酶具有五重模拟酶，包括模拟GOx 、POD、OXD、CAT和SOD活性的特性，将其负载于水凝胶中，在用于糖尿病伤口治疗时，发生级联反应，第一个级联反应，由GOx引发，纳米酶凝胶催化葡萄糖和O2转化为葡萄糖酸和H2O2生成超氧阴离子自由基（O2 ·-）和羟基自由基（·OH）来根除细菌；第二个级联反应是，随着创面pH值的变化，碱性微环境发生变化，纳米酶凝胶模拟SOD将O2 ·-转化为O2和H2O2，通过拟CAT机制将内源性和外源性H2O2分解成O2，减轻氧化应激，缓解缺氧，促进糖尿病创面愈合；
2、利用纳米酶具有的光敏及声敏作用，在光及声辐射下，纳米酶活性得到很大提高，辅助纳米酶凝胶于糖尿病伤口治疗时，显著提高了伤口愈合效果；
3、纳米酶凝胶具有低毒性、生物相容性，形成网络结构具有黏附性、自修复性和形状适应性，作为伤口敷料，在防止感染的同时加速组织再生，可填充不规则创面的空洞，促进纳米酶发挥最大效能。
附图说明
图1为本发明水凝胶的拟葡萄糖氧化酶（GOx）活性检测的紫外可见吸收光谱图，图中：（1）control对照组（无光、超声条件），（2）超声处理IR（10min），（3）光照US（红外光808nm，照射10min，（4）红外光光照+超声处理（US+IR）；
图2为本发明水凝胶氧化TMB（拟POD活性）的紫外可见吸收光谱图，图中：（1）Control对照组（无光、超声条件），（2）超声处理IR，（3）红外光光照US，（4）红外光光照+超声处理（US+IR）；
图3为本发明水凝胶的拟过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性测定结果示意图，图中：Blank是不添加水凝胶+无光声，Control对照组（无光、超声条件），IR是超声处理，US是红外光光照，US+IR是红外光光照+超声处理；
图4为本发明水凝胶的拟超氧歧化物酶（SOD）活性检测结果示意图，图中：（1）Blank是不添加水凝胶，（2）Control对照组（无光、超声条件），（3）IR是超声处理，（4）US是红外光光照，（5）US+IR是红外光光照+超声处理；
图5为本发明水凝胶的注射性能图；
图6为本发明水凝胶的粘附性能图；
图7为本发明水凝胶的自愈性能图；
图8为本发明水凝胶溶胀率结果；
图9为本发明水凝胶的细胞毒性实验结果，图中Blank是不添加水凝胶，Control对照组（无光、超声处理），IR是红外光光照，US是超声处理，US+IR是红外光光照+超声处理；
图10为不同条件下本发明水凝胶抗菌实验结果，图中Blank是不添加水凝胶，gel是Zn-Au/Pt/Ag-Cu@CNCs水凝胶组，IR是红外光光照水凝胶，US是超声处理水凝胶，US+IR是红外光照+超声处理水凝胶；
图11为水凝胶对糖尿病小鼠伤口愈合照片结果，图中Blank是不使用水凝胶，IR是超声处理Zn-Ag/TA@CNCs水凝胶，US是红外光照射Zn-Ag/TA@CNCs水凝胶，Without US+IR是无光声处理Zn-Ag/TA@CNCs水凝胶；US+IR是光照+超声处理Zn-Ag/TA@CNCs水凝胶；
图12为水凝胶对糖尿病小鼠伤口愈合率统计结果。
具体实施方式
下面将结合具体的实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步详细地描述说明，但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此，下述实施例中超声和红外光处理条件相同；
实施例1：多重酶活性纳米酶的制备及性能
（1）称取0.9g ZnCl2、0.4g 多巴胺、2.3g柠檬酸及0.08g乙二胺溶于35mL超纯水中，超声处理20分钟，将溶液转移至聚四氟乙烯反应器中，置于微波消解仪中，180℃反应2小时，反应完成后自然冷却至室温，得棕色溶液；将棕色溶液用0.22μm滤膜除去大颗粒杂质，在10000r/min下处理15分钟，上清液真空干燥，得到Zn-CDs；
（2）将8mg的Zn-CDs溶于20mL超纯水中，加入0.45g AgNO3、0.9mL HAuCl4（1%）、0.6mL氯铂酸（1%）、150μL柠檬酸三钠（50mM），90℃加热搅拌20min后，冷却至室温，干燥即得金、铂、银纳米酶Zn-Au/Pt/Ag；
（3）0.14g CuCl2与0.1g中-四-（4-羧基苯基）卟吩于10mL甲醇中溶解分散均匀后，加入15mL超纯水，转移至聚四氟乙烯罐中200℃马弗炉热解9小时后，0.22μm滤膜除去大颗粒杂质，再在10000r/min下处理15分钟，上清液真空干燥，得到Cu-CDs；
（4）将0.3g微晶纤维素分散于30mL的浓度为3mg/mL的Cu-CDs溶液中，搅拌均匀后，加入0.45g单宁酸，继续搅拌15分钟，加入15mL的浓度1mg/mL Zn-Au/Pt/Ag溶液，搅拌30分钟，10000r/min离心15min，洗涤固体后重新分散于蒸馏水中，配制成6%的Zn-Au/Pt/Ag-Cu@CNCs分散液；将11g聚乙烯醇和18mL Zn-Au/Pt/Ag-Cu@CNCs分散液加入到70mL的超纯水，于90℃加热搅拌溶解后加入6%的硼砂溶液8mL，剧烈搅拌混匀后，将其倒入模具，冷却后即得Zn-Au/Pt/Ag-Cu@CNCs水凝胶；
（5）水凝胶的拟葡萄糖氧化酶（GOx）活性测试：取500μL浓度为5mmol/L的葡萄糖于试管中，加入100µg/mL水凝胶100μL，加入500μL pH6.8的PBS缓冲溶液后，于37℃培养箱孵育1小时；加入100μL浓度为5mmol/L的TMB，加入pH4.0的醋酸缓冲溶液至4mL，分别在无光超声、红外（808nm，功率120W）、超声（功率120W，声强2.4 W/cm2，频率 100kHz）、红外联合超声作用下反应10分钟，用紫外-可见分光光度计在655nm处测量吸光度，每个样品测量3次，取平均值，结果如图1；从图1中可以看出，本实施例制得的Zn-Au/Pt/Ag-Cu@CNCs水凝胶在红外联合超声作用下表现出相当高的拟GOx活性。
（6）采用TMB显色反应测定水凝胶的拟过氧化物酶（POD）活性
取100μL浓度为5mmol/L的TMB，加入100µg/mL 水凝胶100μL，加入pH4.0的醋酸缓冲溶液至4mL，分别在无光超声、红外（808nm，功率120W）、超声（功率120W，声强2.4 W/cm2，频率 100kHz）、红外联合超声作用下反应10分钟，用紫外-可见分光光度计在655nm处测量吸光度，每个样品测量3次，取平均值，结果如图2；从图2中可以看出，本实施例制得的Zn-Au/Pt/Ag-Cu@CNCs水凝胶在红外联合超声作用下表现出相当高的拟POD活性。
（7）采用 TiCl4显色反应测定水凝胶的拟过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性
取300 μL浓度为50mmol/L的H2O2，加入100µg/mL 水凝胶200μL，用纯水稀释至3.7mL后，分别在无光超声、红外（808nm，功率120 W）、超声（功率120 W，声强2.4 W/cm2，频率 100 KHz）、红外联合超声作用下反应10min后，加入300 μL 10% TiCl4，同时设置不添加水凝胶的对照组（Blank），用紫外-可见分光光度计在415nm处测量吸光度，每个样品测量3次，取平均值；
结果如图3；从图3中可以看出，本实施例制得的水凝胶在红外联合超声作用下表现出好的拟过氧化氢酶活性。
（8）采用氯化硝基蓝四氮唑（NBT）显色反应检测水凝胶的拟超氧歧化物酶（SOD）活性
将100µg/mL水凝胶100μL与5 mg/mL NBT 100 μL 和pH = 3磷酸盐缓冲液的混合物，分别在无光超声（control）、红外（808nm，功率120 W）、超声（功率120 W，声强2.4 W/cm2，频率 100 KHz）、红外联合超声作用下反应10min后，同时设置不添加水凝胶的对照组（Blank），在580 nm处测定吸光度，每个样品测量3次，取平均值，结果如图4；从图4中可以看出，本实施例制得的水凝胶在红外联合超声作用下表现出相当高的拟SOD活性。
（9）Zn-Au/Pt/Ag-Cu@CNCs水凝胶的性能测试
①注射、粘附及自愈性能测试：如图5所示的凝胶的可注射性，该凝胶可以很容易地吸入到移液管中，并以特定的形状喷射出来，如“KUST”，表明在可注射的可持续释放中可能应用。凝胶的粘附性如图6所示，凝胶紧紧地粘附在手指上，即使手指从0 ~ 90°弯曲也没有移动，胶黏性归因于凝胶内部的硼酸酯键和氢键，图7显示了水凝胶的自愈能力，当凝胶被分成两部分并接触在一起时，凝胶在几秒钟内就恢复为一个整体，可以拉伸而不破裂。
②溶胀率测试
参照文献（Shengbo Li等，Calcium ion cross-linked sodium alginatehydrogels containingdeferoxamine and copper nanoparticles for diabetic woundhealing.International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 202 (2022) 657–670）进行含水量及溶胀率测定，水凝胶的湿重（W湿）和在真空环境中冻干12小时后的干重（W干），将冻干水凝胶称重后浸入pH7.4、0.01mol/L、37℃磷酸盐缓冲液中，浸泡后的水凝胶定期称重，直至重量保持恒定（3次称重），记为W溶胀，根据以下公式计算水凝胶的溶胀率：
溶胀率（%）= （W溶胀− W干）× 100/ W干；=（19.5011-0.9217）× 100/0.9217=2016%
结果如图8所示，水凝胶溶胀率约为2016 %。
③ 细胞毒性测试：采用CCK-8细胞活力试剂盒检测水凝胶的细胞毒性，具体实验，将人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVECs, 北纳创联生物科技有限公司）接种于96孔板中培养24小时后，用浓度为160μM（以Ag+含量计算）的Zn-Au/Pt/Ag-Cu@CNCs处12、24、36小时后，分次用PBS漂洗细胞，然后每孔加入CCK-8溶液至10%浓度，37℃孵育，在450nm处测定吸光度；CCK-8分析（图9）显示Zn-Au/Pt/Ag-Cu@CNCs对细胞均无明显毒性。
④水凝胶抗菌实验
以下菌种分别从北纳创联生物科技有限公司、云南大学微生物研究所及昆明理工大学生命科学与技术学院获得；
实验方法：以金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus，ATCC25923)和铜绿假单胞菌(P.aeruginosa，ATCC27853)为代表菌株。采用平板计数法，通过计数CFU数来判定水凝胶的抗菌性能，首先，将上述菌种在固体Luria-Bertani（LB）培养基和固体营养肉汤培养基分别孵育24小时，用接种环挑取少量形成的菌落，接种到对应液体培养基（5mL）中，然后，在37℃、180rpm恒温摇床下震荡孵育12小时后，即获得细菌悬浮液（1×108 CFU/mL），用无菌磷酸盐缓冲液（PBS）稀释到1×105 CFU/mL。实验分为5组：空白对照组、Zn-Au/Pt-Ag水凝胶组（无光、超声条件）、超声处理水凝胶组、红外光处理水凝胶组、光照+超声处理水凝胶组；将培养的细菌加入磷酸盐缓冲液中作为空白对照组，其他组是细菌与水凝胶混合，水凝胶浓度为100μg/mL，然后在37℃下将孵育60分钟，菌悬液经过稀释后（100μL）均匀涂布在LB固体培养基和营养肉汤固体培养基上，在37℃下培养24小时，计算菌落数，判断抗菌性能；结果如图10所示，空白对照组几乎没有抗菌性能，Zn-Au/Pt/Ag-Cu@CNCs水凝胶组没有光、超声作用，水凝胶抑菌率也明显低于超声处理水凝胶组、红外光处理水凝胶组、光照+超声处理水凝胶组，光照+超声处理水凝胶组中Zn-Au/Pt/Ag-Cu@CNCs水凝胶在红外联合超声作用下对铜绿假单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有近100%的杀菌率。
（9）大鼠伤口愈合试验诱导Ⅰ型糖尿病
糖尿病大鼠及背部创面模型构建：所有动物实验均符合《动物护理指导原则》。选取6~8周龄、体重200~220g的雄性ICR大鼠作为实验动物。糖尿病伤口准备如下步骤：大鼠喂高脂饲料2周，腹腔注射链脲佐菌素（500mg/kg），链脲佐菌素溶于枸橼酸盐缓冲液（pH4.5），每天1次，连续5次注射；1周后通过尾静脉注射法测定大鼠血糖水平。连续两周血糖水平高于16.7mmol/L的大鼠被鉴定为Ⅰ型糖尿病大鼠。接下来，用医用剪刀在乙醚麻醉的大鼠背部切开直径2cm的圆形手术伤口。然后，将1000μL金黄色葡萄球菌或铜绿假单胞菌悬液（1×108 CFU/mL）均匀涂于创面，用纱布和医用胶带包扎。大鼠感染菌24小时后，随机分为6组（每组5只大鼠）：空白对照组（Blank）、商业凝胶组、超声处理Zn-Au/Pt/Ag-Cu@CNCs水凝胶组、红外光照射Zn-Au/Pt/Ag-Cu@CNCs水凝胶组、Without US+IR是无光声处理的Zn-Au/Pt/Ag-Cu@CNCs水凝胶组、US+IR是光照+超声处理Zn-Au/Pt/Ag-Cu@CNCs水凝胶；空白对照组涂抹无菌PBS缓冲液，其余组水凝胶浓度为100μg/mL，将水凝胶（各300μL）通过注射器注入大鼠伤口处并涂抹开，每24小时更换大鼠创面水凝胶中，在第0、2、4、6、8、14天测量大鼠创面情况，通过愈合率(%) = (A0 - At) / (A0×100)计算创面愈合率，其中A0为初始创面面积，At为各时间点的残余创面面积。
结果见图11、12，试结果表明，空白对照组在第1天出现脓液，持续至第14天，提示伤口感染。第14天，Zn-Au/Pt/Ag-Cu@CNCs水凝胶在红外联合超声作用下创面面积明显减少，对金黄色葡萄球菌感染的创面愈合率89.0%，对铜绿假单胞菌感染的创面愈合率98.9%%。
以上结果表明，本发明制备的纳米酶Zn-Au/Pt/Ag-Cu@CNCs水凝胶有多重酶活性，通过O2自供给级联反应促进糖尿病伤口愈合；Zn-Au/Pt/Ag-Cu@CNCs水凝胶在光照及超声作用下，纳米酶活性得到很大提高，与pH响应葡萄糖引发的级联反应用于糖尿病创面愈合。
Claims (2)
1.一种光声增强多重酶活性纳米酶水凝胶在制备治疗糖尿病伤口试剂中的应用，其特征在于：使用时，将水凝胶注射于伤口表面，然后同时用光和超声波进行处理，处理时间5-10分钟，其中光为红外光，波长为808nm，功率120W；超声功率120W，声强2.4W/cm2，频率100kHz；
所述光声增强多重酶活性纳米酶水凝胶的制备如下：
（1）Zn掺杂碳点Zn-CDs的合成
称取0.8-1.0g ZnCl2、0.3-0.5g 多巴胺、2.1-2.5g柠檬酸及0.05-0.1g乙二胺溶于30-40mL超纯水中，超声处理15-20分钟后置于微波消解仪中，180℃反应1-2小时，反应完成后自然冷却至室温，得棕色溶液；将棕色溶液用0.22μm滤膜除去大颗粒杂质，再经高速离心，上清液真空干燥，得到Zn-CDs；
（2）金、铂、银纳米酶Zn-Au/Pt/Ag的合成
将5-10mg的Zn-CDs溶于20mL超纯水中，然后加入0.45-0.50g AgNO3、质量浓度0.8-1.2%的0.8-1.0mL HAuCl4溶液、质量浓度0.8-1.2%的0.5-0.8mL氯铂酸溶液、45-55mmol/L的100-200μL柠檬酸三钠溶液，85-95℃加热搅拌15-25min后，冷却至室温，干燥后制得Zn-Au/Pt/Ag；
（3）铜掺杂碳点Cu-CDs合成
将0.13-0.15g CuCl2与0.1g中-四-（4-羧基苯基）卟吩于10mL甲醇中溶解分散均匀后，加入15-20mL超纯水，置于马弗炉中在200℃下热解8-10小时后，0.22μm滤膜除去大颗粒杂质，再经高速离心，上清液真空干燥，得到Cu-CDs；
（4）Zn-Au/Pt/Ag-Cu@CNCs水凝胶合成
将0.2-0.5g微晶纤维素分散于浓度1-5mg/mL的Cu-CDs溶液20-40mL中，搅拌均匀后，加入0.4-0.5g单宁酸，继续搅拌10-20分钟，加入浓度0.5-2mg/mL的Zn-Au/Pt/Ag溶液10-20mL，搅拌30-40分钟，离心分离，洗涤固体后重新分散于蒸馏水中，配制成质量体积浓度5-7%的Zn-Au/Pt/Ag-Cu@CNCs分散液；将10-12g聚乙烯醇和15-20mL Zn-Au/Pt/Ag-Cu@CNCs分散液加入到65-80mL的超纯水中，于90-95℃加热搅拌溶解后加入质量浓度5-10%硼砂溶液5-10mL，剧烈搅拌混匀后，将其倒入模具，冷却后即得Zn-Au/Pt/Ag-Cu@CNCs水凝胶。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于：步骤（1）、步骤（3）中高速离心是在10000r/min下处理15-20分钟。
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