CN115500287A - Ecological and efficient breeding method for channel catfish family fingerlings capable of preventing ichthyophthiriasis - Google Patents
Ecological and efficient breeding method for channel catfish family fingerlings capable of preventing ichthyophthiriasis Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention provides an ecological high-efficiency breeding method of Ictalurus punctatus family seedlings capable of preventing ichthyophthiriasis, which comprises the following steps of preparation before seedling release, feeding management, water quality substrate management and disease prevention and control.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of channel catfish family fry breeding, in particular to an ecological efficient breeding method of channel catfish family fry capable of preventing ichthyophthiriasis.
Background
The Ictalurus punctatus (Ictalures punctitus) is native to the United states, and after the Ictalurus punctatus is introduced into China in the last 80 th century, the Ictalurus punctatus is developed rapidly, technical difficulties in links such as breeding, feeding, processing and exporting are broken through successively, an industrial chain which is complete in fry breeding, processing and marketing is formed, and the Ictalurus punctatus becomes one of main varieties which earn foreign exchanges in exporting China. However, germplasm sources cannot be guaranteed, inbreeding levels of successive generations of cultured colonies are continuously increased, the phenomenon of germplasm recession of cultured channel catfishes, such as slow growth, body color differentiation, high disease incidence, irregular specifications and the like, is obviously generated, the economic benefit of the channel catfishes culture industry is seriously influenced, and the germplasm problem becomes a bottleneck restricting further sustainable development of the industry. Therefore, since the national grade channel catfish genetic breeding center is established in 2007, family breeding technology is used for carrying out improved channel catfish breeding.
In the family breeding process, after the fry floats upwards and is eaten, the fry of each family needs to be cultivated in an independent standardized cultivating cement pond, after 4-5 months, about 50g of fry is obtained, and after the electronic chip for identification is injected into the abdominal cavity, all the individuals of the families are mixed into the same soil pond for cultivation. When the family seedlings are cultivated in a standardized cement cultivation pond, the water body is shallow, the transparency is high, continuous rainy days easily cause ichthyophthiriasis outbreak, and the growth speed of the seedlings in the small water body is slow, so that the cultivation quality of the seedlings is limited, and the subsequent breeding effect evaluation is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an ecological high-efficiency cultivation method of channel catfish family offspring seeds capable of preventing ichthyophthiriasis.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides an ecological and efficient breeding method of channel catfish family offspring seeds capable of preventing ichthyophthiriasis, which comprises the following steps of preparing before seedling placement: cleaning a sterilized cement pond one week before putting seedlings, and applying 2 kg/mu of amino acid fertilizer water paste, 1 kg/mu of fish warp algae-rich 1 type fertilizer water and 2 kg/mu of fish warp active and tender refreshing fertilizer water and fertilizer water after injecting water;
seedling releasing: 3-5cm of fry of the channel catfish is put in;
cultivation management: comprises feeding management, water quality and substrate management, and disease prevention and control, wherein the chlorophyll level of the water body is maintained at 30-70ug/L, and the cladocera is maintained at 20-60/L during the cultivation period, wherein,
feeding management: 3-5 days after the fish fries are transferred into the cement pond, planktons are respectively fed in the morning and evening to enhance the physique of the fish fries, and the density is kept at 15/L; meanwhile, the special micro-particle compound feed S4 for the fry is started to be fed for training every day, and the fry is fed for 4 times every day; after normal feeding of the fry, feeding the fry 3 percent of the weight of the fry every day for 2 times every day, wherein the actual feeding amount is determined according to weather conditions, water quality conditions and fry feeding conditions;
water quality substrate management: in the early stage of cultivation, amino acid fertilizer water paste, algae-rich 1 type and active, tender and refreshing fertilizer water and fertilizer water are used every half month; in the middle and later period of cultivation, 0.5 kg/mu of good water element and 0.25 kg/mu of vibramycin are used for adjusting water every half month;
disease prevention and control: in the middle and later stages of cultivation, the feed is mixed and fed for protecting liver and electrolyzing multiple vitamins every half month, meanwhile, the bottom is changed by using a bottom plate every half month, and the insect-worm grass and the fiber-killed mixed feed are added and fed in the later stage.
Preferably, 2kg of amino acid fertilizer water paste, 1kg of phycoerythrin-rich type 1 and 2kg of active and tender refreshing fertilizer water are applied every two weeks in the first month of cultivation.
Preferably, every two weeks of the second month of incubation is followed by a diet of Huganning and electrolytic multivitamins.
Preferably, the stocking density of the fry is 60-70 fish/cubic meter during stocking.
Preferably, the branch and the horn are fed 3 to 5 days after the seedlings are put, and the feeding amount is 15 per liter
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the ecological high-efficiency breeding method for the family fry of the channel catfish capable of preventing the ichthyophthiriasis, provided by the invention, overcomes the defects that the traditional family fry breeding water body is thin, the fry is easy to be disturbed and explode the ichthyophthiriasis, the fry grows slowly and the breeding effect is poor, improves the plankton content in the water body by regularly applying the optimized fertilizer combination, provides high-quality biological bait for the family fry, promotes the growth, reduces the transparency of the water body and reduces the external disturbance, and in addition, the explosion of the channel catfish is prevented by utilizing the increase and biological prevention and control of the planktons, so that the breeding effect of the family fry of the channel catfish is obviously improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the result of chlorophyll content in water bodies of a fertilizer water culture group and a conventional culture group;
FIG. 2 shows the results of the content of cladocera in the water bodies of the rich water culture group and the conventional culture group;
FIG. 3 shows the results of the feeding time of fish in water bodies of the rich water culture group and the conventional culture group.
Detailed Description
To better illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention, the present application will be further described with reference to specific examples.
Example 1:
the cement pond cultivation of the ictalurus punctatus fries is carried out in the Yangzhong base of the fresh water aquatic product research institute in Jiangsu province, and the cultivation time starts from 29 months 6 in 2021 and ends at 22 months 11 in 2021.
Wherein the 73 pond is a water fertilizing group and is cultivated according to the following method, the 77 pond is a conventional group and is cultivated according to a conventional method (such as a thesis), the specific feeding method is the same as the thesis for estimating genetic parameters of growth and survival traits of channel catfish basic population [ J ]. Aquatic science, 2019, goldenrain and the like, and the feeding amount is the same as that in the table 1.
1. Preparation before seedling setting
One week before the seedlings are put (23 days 6 months at 2021), installing an oxygenation disc, checking whether the moisture is normal or not, cleaning a cement pond (3m x 0.7m), sprinkling 0.5% potassium permanganate solution to the whole pond for disinfection after cleaning, washing the cement pond with clean water after 2 hours of disinfection, and injecting water. After water injection, 2 kg/mu of amino acid fertilizer water paste (Beijing fishery Biotech Limited liability company) and 1 kg/mu of algae-rich type 1 (Beijing fishery Biotech Limited liability company) and 2 kg/mu of active, tender and refreshing fertilizer water element (Beijing fishery Biotech Limited liability company) fertilizer water are applied.
2. Seedling releasing
And 6, 29 days in 2021, putting 3-5cm fries of channel catfishes, and detecting whether the indexes such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and the like in the water quality of the cement pond are normal or not before transplanting the fries. Transplanting seedlings when the indexes are normal (ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.2mg/L, nitrite is less than 0.2 mg/L). When transplanting, selecting the fries which are strong in physique, symmetrical in body type, healthy, harmless and strong in vitality, and breeding the fries in a cement pond with the breeding density of 400 fries/pond.
3. Fry rearing
1. Feeding management
3-5 days after the fish fries are moved into the cement pond, feeding the large daphnia magna of zooplankton cladocera respectively in the morning and evening for one week to enhance the constitution of the fish fries, and keeping the density at 15/L. Meanwhile, the special micro-particle compound feed S4 for the fry (Shandong Shengsuo feed research center, crude protein is more than or equal to 50 percent) is started to perform food training every day, and the fry is fed for 4 times every day. After normal feeding of the fry, feeding the fry for 2 times a day according to 5% of the weight of the fry, wherein the actual feeding amount is determined according to weather conditions, water quality conditions and fry feeding conditions, and is shown in table 1.
Table 1: cement pond fodder statistical table of throwing something and feeding
2. Water quality substrate management
In the early stage of cultivation, the feeding amount is small, the water quality is thin, and the amino acid fertilizer water paste, the algae-rich 1 type, the active and tender refreshing fertilizer water and the fertilizer water are used every half month. In the middle and later periods of cultivation, the feeding amount is large, more excrement is discharged from fry, the water quality is too fat, blue algae is easy to grow, 0.5 kg/mu of good water element (Beijing fishery limited liability company) and 0.25 kg/mu of active element water adjusting (Beijing fishery limited liability company) are used every half month, and the actual using amounts are shown in table 2.
3. Disease prevention and control
In the middle and later period of cultivation, the water temperature is increased, the fry is large in food intake and susceptible to hepatobiliary syndrome, and the liver protection medicine (Beijing fishery limited liability company) plus electrolytic multivitamins (Beijing fishery limited liability company) is added with the feed every 15 days to enhance the physique, protect the liver and the gallbladder and prevent the hepatobiliary syndrome. The feeding amount in the middle and later periods is large, the residual bait and excrement accumulated at the bottom of the pool are increased, bacteria and parasites are easy to breed, the bottom of the pool is changed by using a bottom good piece (Beijing fishery is subjected to biotechnology, inc.) every half month, insect and cordyceps are fed with mixed materials (Chengdu Fangcao, drug industry, inc.) and fiber pesticide (Chengdu Fangcao, drug industry, inc.) for preventing the parasites, and the actual dosage is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 dosage recording chart for daily administration of cement pool
4. Fry rearing effect
The chlorophyll level, cladocera zooplankton and fish feeding condition of the rich water group and the conventional group are detected, the results are respectively shown in figures 1-3, tables 3 and 4, and statistics are carried out on average specifications of seedlings at the last stage of cultivation (table 5), average specifications of seedlings at the last stage of cultivation (table 6) of the conventional group in the same period of the past year and the like.
By applying the method, the average specification (weight and full length) of the seedlings at the final stage of cultivation is obviously higher than that of the seedlings cultured by the conventional cultivation method, ichthyophthiriasis does not occur during the cultivation period, 16 ichthyophthiriasis attacks occur in the conventional method, and basically all seedlings in the cement pond family of the ichthyophthiriasis are dead.
TABLE 3 Water culture group and conventional culture group water body chlorophyll content result data table
TABLE 4 Water cultivation group and conventional cultivation group water body cladocera content result data table
TABLE 5 measurement data at the end of cultivation
| Mode(s) for | Number of cement ponds | Transparency | Number of fish | Body weight g | Full length cm |
| Fertilizer and water set | 73 | 24.3±8.7b | 7400 | 49.9±17.8a | 18.2±2.8a |
| General group | 77 | 66.4±5.3a | 7702 | 26.8±9.8b | 14.7±1.6b |
TABLE 6 measurement data of conventional group breeding end stage in the same period of calendar year
| Year of year | Number of cement ponds | Number of fish | Body weight g | Full length cm |
| 2018 | 42 | 4200 | 27.1±9.0 | 15.0±1.6 |
| 2019 | 49 | 4900 | 21.9±8.4 | 14.0±1.8 |
| 2020 | 72 | 7200 | 27.3±10.8 | 15.0±2.2 |
This application improves the environmental ecology in the breed pond through replenishing zooplankton in earlier stage, maintaining the means of the high chlorophyll level of low transparency to realize high-efficient cultivation, and avoid the outbreak of ichthyophthirius multifiliis. When the cultivation starts, the rich water cultivation group supplements sufficient daphnia cladocera in the early stage, can provide natural baits except compound feed for the seedlings of the channel catfish, and can enhance the physique. During the cultivation period of 7-10 months, the chlorophyll concentration of the fertilizer water cultivation group is obviously higher than that of the conventional cultivation group (P < 0.05), which is the main reason for obviously reducing the transparency of the water body of the cultivation cement pond compared with the conventional cultivation method. After the water is fertilized, abundant phytoplankton in the water body is used for feeding cladocera, so that a certain quantity of cladocera in the water body is maintained, and on one hand, the biological prevention and control effects of the phytoplankton are exerted, namely, parasites such as ichthyophthirius multifiliis are preyed, so that the outbreak of the ichthyophthirius multifiliis avoided in the water-fertilizing culture pond; on the one hand, the channel catfish feed can also be used as high-quality animal feed to continuously provide nutrition for channel catfish seedlings. According to the monitoring result of the cladocera zooplankton shown in fig. 2, the cladocera zooplankton in the fat pool is obviously improved compared with the conventional cultivation method, and is basically cooperated with the biomass change of the zooplankton.
In addition, the feeding time of the method is significantly shorter than that of the conventional cultivation method. The transparency and chlorophyll level of the water body of the conventional tissue culture breeding pond are obviously lower than those of a fertilizer pond, which is not beneficial to hiding and avoiding fishes, influences the ingestion efficiency of the fishes, and causes bait waste and slow ingestion. The rich water group phytoplankton biomass is remarkably improved, the transparency of a water body is reduced, a good shielding and protecting effect is achieved on channel catfish fries, and a safer living interval is formed, so that the time consumption of feeding the fries is remarkably shortened, and the bait utilization efficiency is improved. The closer to the later stage of cultivation, the feeding time of the fries in the rich water group is still efficiently maintained, while the feeding time of the fries in the conventional group is remarkably improved and gradually recovered to the state of the initial stage of cultivation, and the fries in the conventional group are remarkably different from each other, so that the final body length and the weight of the fries are remarkably different.
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an ecological and efficient breeding method of channel catfish family fries capable of preventing ichthyophthiriasis, which comprises the steps of carrying out channel catfish family fry breeding in a standardized breeding cement pond (3m x 0.7m), and applying 2 kg/mu of amino acid fertilizer-water paste +1 kg/mu of channel phycoerythrin 1 type +2 kg/mu of channel catin active, tender and comfortable fertilizer-water element (Beijing channel fishery limited company) fertilizer-water in one week before the fries are put into the pond. During the period, the fry is normally fed, and 2kg of amino acid liquid manure cream, 1kg of phycoerythrin-rich 1 type and 2kg of active and tender refreshing liquid manure are continuously applied every two weeks in the first month. And in the second month, mixing the materials, feeding liver protecting agent and electrolytic multivitamin every two weeks, changing the bottom by using a bottom-finished piece, mixing the materials, feeding insect and worm grass and killing the insect and worm grass to prevent the parasite. The feed amount is increased gradually.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. An ecological and efficient breeding method of family fries of channel catfishes capable of preventing ichthyophthiriasis is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
preparing before seedling placing: cleaning a sterilized cement pond one week before putting seedlings, and applying 2 kg/mu of amino acid fertilizer water paste, 1 kg/mu of fish warp algae-rich 1 type fertilizer water and 2 kg/mu of fish warp active and tender refreshing fertilizer water and fertilizer water after injecting water;
seedling releasing: 3-5cm of fry of the channel catfish is put in;
cultivation management: comprises feeding management, water quality and substrate management, and disease prevention and control, wherein the chlorophyll level of the water body is maintained at 30-70ug/L, and the number of cladocera is maintained at 20-60/L during the cultivation period,
feeding management: 3-5 days after the fry are transferred into a cement pond, feeding zooplankton respectively in the morning and evening to enhance the physique of the fry, starting to perform food training on the special fry microparticle compound feed S4 every day, and feeding for 4 times every day; after normal feeding of the fish fries, feeding the fish fries for 2 times every day according to 3% of the weight of the fish, wherein the actual feeding amount is determined according to weather conditions, water quality conditions and feeding conditions of the fish fries;
water quality substrate management: in the early stage of cultivation, amino acid fertilizer water paste, algae-rich 1 type and active, tender and refreshing fertilizer water and fertilizer water are used every half month; in the middle and later period of cultivation, 0.5 kg/mu of good water element and 0.25 kg/mu of vibramycin are used for adjusting water every half month;
disease prevention and control: in the middle and later stages of cultivation, the feed is mixed and fed for protecting liver and electrolyzing multiple vitamins every half month, meanwhile, the bottom is changed by using a bottom plate every half month, and the insect-worm grass and the fiber-killed mixed feed are added and fed in the later stage.
2. The ecological and efficient breeding method for channel catfish family offspring seed capable of preventing ichthyophthiriasis according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the first month of cultivation, 2kg of amino acid liquid manure paste, 1kg of alga-rich 1 type and 2kg of active, tender and refreshing liquid manure are applied every two weeks.
3. The ecological and efficient breeding method for channel catfish family fry capable of preventing ichthyophthiriasis according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the second month of the cultivation begins, and every two weeks, the feed is mixed and fed to protect liver and electrolyze multivitamin.
4. The ecological and efficient breeding method for channel catfish family fry capable of preventing ichthyophthiriasis according to claim 1, is characterized in that: when the fry is released, the released density of the fry is 60-70 per cubic meter.
5. The ecological and efficient breeding method for channel catfish family offspring seed capable of preventing ichthyophthiriasis according to claim 1, is characterized in that: and 3-5 days after seedling placement, feeding the twigs and the horns, wherein the feeding amount is 15 per liter.
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Citations (4)
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| JP2010090106A (en) * | 2008-09-11 | 2010-04-22 | Kishu Hosokawa:Kk | Method for preventing disease in sea bream |
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| CN111226836A (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2020-06-05 | 湖北省水产科学研究所 | Method for cultivating mandarin fish by artificial ecological arrangement of pond net cage and compound feed |
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| JP2010090106A (en) * | 2008-09-11 | 2010-04-22 | Kishu Hosokawa:Kk | Method for preventing disease in sea bream |
| CN106912413A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2017-07-04 | 靖江市滨江水产良种场 | A kind of method of the small melonworm of biological therapy knife long-tailed anchovy |
| CN109548717A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-04-02 | 广西壮族自治区水产科学研究院 | A kind of Micropterus salmonoides seed method for massively culturing |
| CN111226836A (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2020-06-05 | 湖北省水产科学研究所 | Method for cultivating mandarin fish by artificial ecological arrangement of pond net cage and compound feed |
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