CN112450135A - Method for efficient ecological shrimp culture in northern pond - Google Patents

Method for efficient ecological shrimp culture in northern pond Download PDF

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CN112450135A
CN112450135A CN202011337927.6A CN202011337927A CN112450135A CN 112450135 A CN112450135 A CN 112450135A CN 202011337927 A CN202011337927 A CN 202011337927A CN 112450135 A CN112450135 A CN 112450135A
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shrimp
culture
period
fish
feed
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刘刚
赵晓琛
王淑会
王焱
肖培英
马东
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Tianjin Development Zone Kunhe Biotechnology Co ltd
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Tianjin Development Zone Kunhe Biotechnology Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
    • A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
    • A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for efficiently and ecologically culturing shrimps in a pond in the north, which adopts a mixed culture mode of mainly culturing the litopenaeus vannamei and matching grass carp with spotted silver carp; the culture period is divided into four stages of a fish fry placing stage, a shrimp fry placing stage, a culture middle stage and a harvest stage; the fish feed is required to be fed in the whole culture period, and the shrimp feed is fed only in the middle culture period and the harvest period. The invention creates a mode of mainly culturing shrimps and polyculturing fishes and shrimps through years of practice, overcomes the high risk of the mode of finely culturing shrimps, fully utilizes the culture space according to the characteristics of culture varieties, adjusts the culture method, and enables unit area to generate higher return and higher benefit.

Description

Method for efficient ecological shrimp culture in northern pond
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ecological breeding, and particularly relates to a method for efficiently and ecologically breeding shrimps in a pond in the north.
Background
The fresh water culture of Tianjin in northern areas, especially Tianjin, is generally large in area, and in addition, because the water quality pH value is higher along the coast, a unique culture ecological system is formed in a unique culture environment, and a suitable culture mode is gradually formed by the unique culture ecological system.
In recent years, as the feed cost, the pond renting cost and the labor cost are increased continuously, the culture profit of pond culture fishes is reduced year after year, and the cost is lost by carelessness. In the recent rising heat of shrimp culture, many culture friends begin to explore new culture modes, such as a concentrated shrimp culture mode and a fish and shrimp mixed culture mode. Thus, the shrimp price is higher, and the profit of pond culture is improved. At the same time, the disadvantages of the two modes are manifested: the risk of the mode of fine shrimp culture is very high, even the grains are not harvested; the defect of the fish and shrimp mixed culture mode is that shrimps can survive without control problems such as space competition, bait competition and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for efficiently and ecologically culturing shrimps in a pond in the north. The invention creates a mode of mainly culturing shrimps and polyculturing fishes and shrimps through years of practice, overcomes the high risk of the mode of finely culturing shrimps, fully utilizes the culture space according to the characteristics of culture varieties, adjusts the culture method, and enables unit area to generate higher return and higher benefit.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for high-efficiency ecological shrimp culture in a pond in the north adopts a mixed culture mode of mainly culturing the litopenaeus vannamei and matching grass carp with spotted silver carp; the culture period is divided into four stages of a fish fry placing stage, a shrimp fry placing stage, a culture middle stage and a harvest stage; the fish feed is required to be fed in the whole culture period, and the shrimp feed is fed only in the middle culture period and the harvest period.
Through years of experience and analysis on fishes and shrimps, the following species are selected as the fish and shrimp polyculture:
the Litopenaeus vannamei benthic species has the characteristics of wide adaptability, strong stress resistance, high growth speed, low feed protein content requirement, suitability for intensive culture and the like. The litopenaeus vannamei has wide and miscellaneous feeding habits, young litopenaeus vannamei floats in a natural sea area, the food composition has higher plant bait ratio such as algae, humus, protozoa and the like, and after the litopenaeus vannamei is transformed into the shrimp, the litopenaeus vannamei can eat various animal and plant baits which are sequentially: algae, protozoa, rotifers, cladocerans, copepods, and the like. Under the condition of artificial feeding, feeding rotifer, artemia, egg yolk or shrimp slices to the juvenile shrimps; young shrimps and adult shrimps and feeding artificial mixed feed.
Grass carps are generally fond of inhabiting the middle, lower and near-shore pasture areas of a water area. Grass carp is typical herbivorous fish with lively sexual condition, rapid swimming, frequent foraging in groups and greedy in sex. The fish fry stage ingests zooplankton, the juvenile fish stage also ingests insects, earthworms, algae, duckweed and the like, and when the body length reaches about more than 10 cm, aquatic higher plants are completely ingested, particularly gramineae plants. The species of plants ingested by grass carps vary with the condition of the food base in the living environment.
Bighead carps are mostly distributed in the middle and upper layers of the fresh water area. The fish is warm water fish, the temperature of the water suitable for growth is 25-30 ℃, and the fish can adapt to a fertile water body environment. Under the low-level culture condition of a natural environment, bighead carps mainly feed on zooplankton. According to the research on the feeding habits of bighead carps, a large amount of organic fertilizer is required to be provided for culturing large phytoplankton, zooplankton and humus, and when the water body is lack of large plankton, the humus in the organic fertilizer is used as the main bait of the spotted silver carps. And under the condition of rich water, the floating organisms mainly comprise straight-chain diatoms, dinoflagellates, cryptophytes, large rotifers, cladocerans, copepods and the like with the individual size of more than 50 micrometers, and are just the filter feeding objects of bighead carps.
From the above analysis, it can be seen that in the ecological culture of the present invention, shrimps are benthic organisms, grass carp is middle and lower layer fish, and bighead carp is middle and upper layer fish. So that there is no space competition among the three.
Food competition between bighead carp and shrimp; grass carp and shrimp also have little food competition. Under the condition of artificial breeding, an aerator and an air pump nanotube can be used for increasing dissolved oxygen, and the most difficult oxygen competition is broken; bait casting is used to solve food competition. Considering economic benefits, the most suitable shrimp-dominated polyculture mode: the method is a mixed culture mode of mainly culturing litopenaeus vannamei, matching grass carp with spotted silver carp.
As a further improvement of the above scheme:
preferably, the number of breeding varieties is: the mode of matching grass carp with spotted silver carp mainly comprises shrimp culture, and shrimp fries are released per mu: grass carp: the silver carp has the tail number ratio of 30000-50000: 250-350: 25-35.
Preferably, the fish fry placing period is from the first 4 months to the first 5 months or from the first 6 months after the fish fry are placed to the first shrimp fry; the shrimp breeding period is from the breeding of the shrimp fries to 30 days after the breeding of the shrimp fries, and the length of the shrimp body is about 5 cm; the middle culture period is 30 to 90 days after the shrimp larvae are placed, and the body length of the prawns is from 5 to 15 cm); the harvesting period is divided into a shrimp harvesting period and a fish harvesting period, wherein the shrimp harvesting period is from 30 days before shrimp harvesting to the shrimp harvesting, and the shrimp harvesting period is more than 15cm of prawn body length; the fish harvesting period is from the shrimp harvesting period to the bottom of 11 months of fish harvesting.
Wherein the fry placing period is from the end of 3 months or from the first 4 months to the end of 5 months or from the first 6 months after the fry is placed to the front of the shrimp fry. At the moment, the oxidation-reduction potential of the bottom of the pond is raised through airing in winter, which is more beneficial to the culture environment.
Before fry is put, water is added to the fry until the average water depth is 1.5 m, chlorine-containing disinfectants (strong chlorine, chlorine dioxide) and the like are used for disinfecting water, and potassium hydrogen persulfate sheets are used for disinfecting the bottom of the pond. And feeding the fry after the water quality is stable. And (5) disinfecting the seedlings in a full pool by using a povidone iodine disinfectant. And feeding the fish feed after the fish condition is stable.
Preferably, in the fry placing period, the daily bait feeding amount of the fish feed is preferably 2.0 percent of the weight of the fish, and the feed feeding amount is small at the moment, so that the aims of enhancing the resistance of the fish and reducing the death of the grass carps are fulfilled; the daily bait amount of the fish feed in the shrimp fry stage is preferably 2.5 percent of the weight of the fish; the daily bait amount of the fish feed in the middle period of cultivation is preferably 3.0 percent of the weight of the fish; the daily bait feeding amount of the fish feed in the harvest period is preferably 2.0 percent of the weight of the fish; feeding for 3-4 times every day, each time for 1-1.5 h.
Preferably, the fish feed and/or the shrimp feed is mixed with Enterococcus faecalis, the Enterococcus faecalis (Enterococcus faecalis) is CICC 20419 and is purchased from China Industrial microbial culture Collection management center (11 months and 5 days in 2018), the effective viable count of the Enterococcus faecalis powder is not less than 1.0 multiplied by 1010cfu/g, 500g of enterococcus faecalis powder is used per 100kg of feed, namely 5kg of powder is used per ton of feed. The enterococcus faecalis powder is added into fish feed or shrimp feed, and can effectively enhance the resistance of fish and shrimp and reduce the death of fish and shrimp.
Preferably, the water quality is kept in a rich water state throughout the culture period, wherein the transparency of the water quality is higher than 20cm and lower than 40cm so as to distinguish the water quality from over-fat or over-lean. The water quality is kept in a rich water state in the whole culture period, so that the fishes and shrimps can fully ingest natural baits in the pond, particularly the shrimps, and the feed investment is saved; but also ensures the quality of water quality, thereby being beneficial to the survival of fishes and shrimps.
Preferably, the adjusting method for keeping the water quality in a rich water state in the whole culture period comprises the following steps: when the water quality is too fat, the water is adjusted by using bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and when the water quality is too thin, the rhodopseudomonas palustris and/or ammonium bicarbonate is used for fertilizing water. Thus, higher phytoplankton can be maintained in the pond and the dominant algae are green algae, diatoms and cryptophyceae; enough large zooplankton (cladocera and copepods) in the pond are maintained.
Preferably, the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (A), (B), (C), (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) MES 812, preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center with the preservation address of No. 3 Xilu No.1 of Beijing, Chaoyang, the preservation date of 8 months and 10 days in 2017 and the preservation number of CGMCC No. 14515; the number of viable bacteria in the zymocyte powder of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MES 812 is not less than 2.0 × 1010cfu/g; the strain can be directly purchased from the website of the company. The product can be used for 4-5 mu per kilogram of water with the depth of 1 m, and is used once every 10-15 days, and when the water quality is seriously deteriorated, the product can be used for every bagThe water depth is 2-3 mu above the water surface with the depth of 1 m.
Preferably, the rhodopseudomonas palustris CICC 1421 is purchased from China center for culture Collection of Industrial microorganisms (09 months and 21 days in 2018); the CFU of Rhodopseudomonas palustris bacterial liquid product is not less than 30.0 × 108Per ml; when the rhodopseudomonas palustris rich water is used alone, 0.5-1L of water is added per mu (water depth of 1 m) for uniform sprinkling; the ammonium bicarbonate is matched with the rhodopseudomonas palustris rich water, 1-1.5L of water is added per mu (water depth is 1 m), and the mixture is uniformly sprinkled and used once every 15-20 days; the dosage of the ammonium bicarbonate is 1.5-2kg per mu of land.
Preferably, the daily bait amount of the shrimp feed in the middle culture period is 2.0-2.5% of the weight of the shrimps; the daily bait amount of the shrimp feed in the harvest period is 2.5-3.0% of the shrimp weight. Meanwhile, the shrimp feed can be increased or decreased according to the amount of the zooplankton in the water body, if more zooplankton are fed with the shrimp feed, more shrimp feed is fed when less zooplankton are fed with the shrimp feed.
The invention principle is as follows:
and (3) during the fry stage:
the fry placing period is from 3 months to 5 months or 6 months after the fry is placed to before the shrimp is placed. At the moment, the oxidation-reduction potential of the bottom of the pond is raised through airing in winter, which is more beneficial to the culture environment. However, due to the low temperature, the algae is slow to propagate, the biomass is small, photosynthetic bacteria (rhodopseudomonas palustris) can be uniformly sprinkled by adding 0.5-1L of water per mu (water depth of 1 m), the high biomass is maintained, and the water quality is ensured to be in a water-rich state.
And (3) during the shrimp breeding period:
the shrimp larvae release period is that the shrimp larvae are released until 30 days after the larvae release, the bodies of the shrimp larvae grow to about 5cm, and the bodies of the shrimp larvae grow to about 5 months or 6 months to 6 months or 7 months. The litopenaeus vannamei lives 1 to 3 days after the seedlings are released mainly by the energy carried by the litopenaeus vannamei, and grows by plankton in the feeding pond after 3 days after the seedlings are released. At the moment, the litopenaeus vannamei mainly eats cryptophyceae, chlorella and diatoms in algae, protozoa and small rotifers in zooplankton are in a stable balanced state, the capacity of the pond is small, the food intake of seedlings in the shrimp fry stage is small, and the biological bait in the pond within 30 days of the shrimp fry stage is enough for the prawns to eat, so that the feed for the prawns can be omitted.
In the middle stage of cultivation:
the medium culture period is 30-90 days after seedling placement, and the body length is from 5-15 cm to about 6 months or from the beginning of 7 months to the end of 8 months or 9 months. With the continuous growth of the litopenaeus vannamei, the food intake is gradually increased, the ingestion organisms of the litopenaeus vannamei are gradually changed from algae to zooplankton mainly, and from protozoa and small rotifers to large rotifers, cladocerans and copepods mainly. The natural bait in the pond can not meet the requirement of feeding prawns. The main ingestion objects of the litopenaeus vannamei are changed from plankton into compound shrimp feed.
During the shrimp harvesting period:
the shrimp harvest period is more than 15cm of body length, namely from 30 days before shrimp harvest to about 8 months or from 9 months to 9 months or 10 months. At the moment, the temperature is gradually reduced, the microbial reproduction is slowed down, the food intake of the litopenaeus vannamei reaches the maximum, the feed feeding is mainly used, and the biological bait is taken as the supplement.
And (3) during a fish harvesting period:
the fish harvesting period is from the shrimp harvesting period to the fish harvesting period, namely 11 months from the bottom, about 9 months from the bottom or 10 months from the first to 11 months from the bottom. The collected fish is harvested by matching the material platform purse net with the water discharge hauling net.
In conclusion, the invention can be seen that the water quality regulation is always considered in the whole culture period so as to ensure that the pond has sufficient natural bait, and the fish and the shrimp are cultured in a mixed mode by matching with the feed culture mode, so that the culture cost can be effectively saved. Meanwhile, the water quality regulation is set according to the ingestion characteristics and the life habits of the litopenaeus vannamei, and the state of rich water, namely sufficient algae and zooplankton (protozoa, rotifers and cladocera) in the pond is always kept.
The water is fertilized frequently in the middle culture period and the shrimp harvesting period of the invention because the generation of phytoplankton and animals has the circulation characteristic, after the water is fertilized, the small algae are generated, then the large algae are generated, and then protozoa appear, and then rotifers and cladocera are generated. At the moment, the water quality is thinned due to the fact that plankton ingest algae, water is fertilized in time after rotifer cladocera are ingested by the litopenaeus vannamei and the bighead carp, and the water quality can slowly accompany fertilizer and then enter a new cycle. Therefore, water is required to be fertilized frequently in the middle culture period and the shrimp harvesting period so as to ensure the supply amount of natural bait in the pond, adjust the feeding amount of the shrimp feed according to the content of zooplankton in the pond, maintain sufficient plankton in the pond, control phytoplankton, be used as a feeding object of large zooplankton, reduce the pressure of algae and be used as supplement for the rest of the cultured animals for feeding the large zooplankton.
The method is characterized in that oxygenation is timely carried out when water quality becomes thin, the water quality is guaranteed to be not lower than 5mg/L day and night, meanwhile, a small amount of water is repeatedly applied, less ammonium bicarbonate fertilizer water is frequently applied, the using amount is 1.5-2kg per mu of land, and bacillus amyloliquefaciens is used for water regulation when the water quality is too fat, so that the number of zooplanktons is increased rapidly, sufficient zooplanktons are arranged in a pond, and a good fish and shrimp feeding environment is maintained.
If undesirable algae such as blue algae exist, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens can be used together with brown sugar to remove the undesirable algae.
In the second half of the middle period, the bottom is changed for 3-5 times by using a bottom changing agent mainly comprising potassium hydrogen persulfate according to the weather, feeding and other conditions.
Advantageous effects
1. The invention fully considers the feeding habits and the life habits of the matched cultured animals, so that the pond is fully utilized in each stage, and the output of the pond is improved to the maximum extent.
2. The invention fully utilizes the space of the pond and improves the output of the pond.
3. The invention utilizes the ecological cycle, so that more energy in the ecological cycle flows into the culture product, the cycle of the ecological environment is promoted, and the environmental pollution is reduced.
4. The feeding of the fish feed can reduce the feeding of the shrimp feed, save the cost and improve the production efficiency.
5. The fish and shrimp polyculture can timely eat sick shrimps, reduce the flooding of shrimp diseases and improve the survival rate of the shrimps.
Detailed Description
Examples
(1) Time and place of experiment: the experiment was carried out in 3 open-air ponds of the Qing Pong hollow fishing ground in West Qing district of Tianjin city starting at 6.4.2019, and the 3 pond areas are 25 mu (1 #), 40 mu (2 #), and 60 mu (3 #), respectively.
(2) Test pond conditions:
three ponds before the 3 pond tests are started are drained in winter in the last year, and the pond depth can reach 2 meters.
(3) Seedling releasing condition:
the pond # 1 was selected as the test pond and the ponds # 2 and # 3 were the control ponds. 4 thousands of shrimp larvae, 300 grass carps and 30 spotted silver carps are put in each mu of the pond No. 1. The 2# pond is a precision culture shrimp pond, 4 thousands of shrimp seedlings are put in each mu, and fish fries are not put in each mu. The 3# pond is a pond for mainly breeding fish and matching shrimp, 700 tails of crucian carps, 600 tails of grass carps, 300 tails of carps, 15 tails of silver carps, 34 tails of spotted silver carps and 2 thousands of tails of shrimps are placed in each mu.
The 1# pond and the 3# pond are full of fry from 4 months 10 days to 4 months 20 days. Shrimp larvae are well released in the three ponds from 28 days in 5 months to 10 days in 6 months.
(4) The culture process comprises the following steps:
fry stage (4 months 10 days to 5 months 28 days):
the 1# pond and the 3# pond are filled with water at the bottom of 3 months and the water body is disinfected by strong chlorine. The 2# pond starts to feed water in 20 days in 4 months, finishes feeding water in 25 days in 4 months, and uses strong chlorine to disinfect the water body. And feeding the 1# pond and the 3# pond by three days after the fry is placed, and feeding the shrimp feed by one month after the shrimp fry is placed. Grass carp and spotted silver carp in the 1# pond and the 3# pond are fed from one pond.
Enterococcus faecalis is used as the fish material for the No.1 pond opening, and the material is stirred for 10 d. Photosynthetic bacteria (Rhodopseudomonas palustris CICC 1421) are used once in 30 days after 4 months, the floating swimmer amount is increased, and the water is fertilized, wherein 1-1.5L of the water is uniformly sprayed with the fertilizer water per mu (1 m in water depth); 75kg of ammonium bicarbonate is applied for fertilizing water in 5 months and 10 days.
And stirring the material for the No. 3 pond by using Ennoxacin for 5 d. No. 2 pond was dosed and no drug was used.
In the shrimp-breeding period (5-29-6-29 days):
antidotes were used in all three ponds prior to shrimp larvae release.
In the 1# pond, the litopenaeus vannamei mainly ingests cryptophytes, chlorella and diatoms in algae, and protozoa and small rotifers in zooplankton are in a stable balanced state. Fertilizing water by using photosynthetic bacteria (Rhodopseudomonas palustris CICC 1421) once in 20 days in 5 months at the dosage of 1-1.5L per mu (water depth of 1 m), and fertilizing water by applying 50kg of ammonium bicarbonate in 28 days in 5 months.
And feeding shrimp feed in the No. 2 pond from 3d after the emergence of the seedlings.
And continuously feeding the fish feed into the pond No.1 and the pond No. 3.
The middle culture stage (6 months and 30 days to 8 months and 30 days):
a small amount of shrimp feed is fed in the 1# pond and the 3# pond after one month of shrimp larvae release, namely 7 months and 1 day, and the feeding amount is increased after one week. The feeding amount of the 2# pond is increased from 6 months to 10 days.
The 1# pond is respectively applied with ammonium bicarbonate once in 22 days in 6 months, 6 days in 7 months, 14 days in 7 months, 22 days in 7 months, 30 days in 7 months, 11 days in 8 months and 22 days in 8 months, and the dosage is 2kg per mu.
In the 1# pond, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens MES 812 is applied respectively at 24 days in 6 months, 14 days in 7 months, 30 days in 7 months, 11 days in 8 months and 24 days in 8 months, and when the ammonium bicarbonate is used for fertilizing water or after the water is fertilized, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is added to lean water, so that the occurrence of water bloom (a harmful alga) of blue algae can be prevented, and 4 mu/m of the microbial inoculum is used per kilogram.
In a test pond (No. 1), the enterococcus faecalis strain is continuously mixed, and the dosage of the enterococcus faecalis strain CICC 20419500 g is used per 100kg of feed, namely 5kg of strain is used per ton of feed. And directly feeding the feed without mixing with the lactobacillus in the control pond.
Late stage of cultivation (8 months 31 days to 9 months 30 days):
in the middle period of the 1# pond, a bottom modifying agent mainly comprising potassium hydrogen persulfate is used for modifying the bottom for 3-5 times.
The treatment measures were consistent in the control ponds (2 #, 3 #) except that no microecological agent was applied.
In 23 days and 25 days of 7 months, slight pond swimming conditions occur in the three ponds in sequence; the # 1 pond was lighter and the # 2 and # 3 ponds were heavier.
In the whole culture period, the daily bait feeding amount of the fish feed is preferably 2.0 percent of the weight of the fish, and the daily bait feeding amount of the fish feed in the shrimp fry period is preferably 2.5 percent of the weight of the fish; the daily bait amount of the fish feed in the middle period of cultivation is preferably 3.0 percent of the weight of the fish; the daily bait feeding amount of the fish feed in the harvest period is preferably 2.0 percent of the weight of the fish; feeding for 3-4 times every day, each time for 1-1.5 h.
The daily bait amount of the shrimp feed in the middle culture period is 2.0-2.5% of the weight of the shrimps; the daily bait amount of the shrimp feed in the harvest period is 2.5-3.0% of the shrimp weight.
And (3) finishing the shrimp discharge in three ponds in 30 days after 9 months, and counting the feed use and receiving conditions: 160kg of shrimp feed is used per mu of the pond No.1, and 493 jin of litopenaeus vannamei is harvested; 240kg of shrimp feed is used per mu of the 2# pond, and 400 jin of litopenaeus vannamei is harvested; 100kg of shrimp feed is used per mu of the 3# pond, and 200 jin of litopenaeus vannamei is harvested.
The survival rate of grass carp in the 1# pond is more than 98%, the average tail weight is 2.8 jin, the survival rate of grass carp in the 3# pond is 90%, and the average weight is 2.5 jin. The reason for the survival rate of the grass carp is that the cultivation method has good water quality, high survival rate and is not easy to get ill.
15 tons of fish materials are used in the No.1 pond, and 30 tons of fish materials are used in the No. 3 pond. Wherein, the total number of the fry in the 1# pond is more than 300, the total number of the fry in the 3# pond is more than 1600, and the average fish material consumption in the 1# pond is very large according to the comparison between the number of the fish and the fish material consumption.
Comparing the data, it can be seen that: the survival rate of the fishes and shrimps in the pond of the experimental group is higher than that of the pond of the control group in weight of single tail, and the used materials are lower than that of the pond of the control group. Is a good breeding method.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the inventive content of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for high-efficiency ecological shrimp culture in northern ponds is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of (1) adopting a mixed culture mode of mainly culturing the litopenaeus vannamei and matching grass carp with spotted silver carp; the culture period is divided into four stages of a fish fry placing stage, a shrimp fry placing stage, a culture middle stage and a harvest stage; the fish feed is required to be fed in the whole culture period, and the shrimp feed is fed only in the middle culture period and the harvest period.
2. The method for high-efficiency ecological shrimp culture in northern ponds according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: wherein, the shrimp larvae: grass carp: the silver carp has the tail number ratio of 30000-50000: 250-350: 25-35.
3. The method for high-efficiency ecological shrimp culture in northern ponds according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the fry placing period is from the first fry placing to the second fry placing, and is from the first 4 months to the first 5 months or the first 6 months; the shrimp breeding period is from the breeding of the shrimp fries to 30 days after the breeding of the shrimp fries, and the length of the shrimp body is about 5 cm; the middle culture period is 30 to 90 days after the shrimp larvae are placed, and the body length of the prawns is from 5 to 15 cm; the harvesting period is divided into a shrimp harvesting period and a fish harvesting period, wherein the shrimp harvesting period is from 30 days before shrimp harvesting to the shrimp harvesting, and the shrimp harvesting period is more than 15cm of prawn body length; the fish harvesting period is from the shrimp harvesting period to the bottom of 11 months of fish harvesting.
4. The method for high-efficiency ecological shrimp culture in northern ponds according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the fry placing period, the daily bait amount of the fish feed is preferably 2.0 percent of the weight of the fish, and the daily bait amount of the fish feed in the shrimp fry placing period is preferably 2.5 percent of the weight of the fish; the daily bait amount of the fish feed in the middle period of cultivation is preferably 3.0 percent of the weight of the fish; the daily bait feeding amount of the fish feed in the harvest period is preferably 2.0 percent of the weight of the fish; feeding for 3-4 times every day, each time for 1-1.5 h.
5. The method for high-efficiency ecological shrimp culture in northern ponds according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the fish feed and/or the shrimp feed are/is mixed with Enterococcus faecalis, wherein the Enterococcus faecalis (Enterococcus faecalis) is CICC 20419 and is purchased from China center for culture and management of industrial microorganisms (11/5/2018); the effective viable count of enterococcus faecalis powder is not less than 1.0 × 1010cfu/g; 500g of enterococcus faecalis powder is used per 100kg of feed, namely 5kg of powder is used per ton of feed.
6. The method for high-efficiency ecological shrimp culture in northern ponds according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (3) keeping the water quality in a rich water state in the whole culture period, wherein the transparency of the water quality is higher than 20cm and lower than 40 cm.
7. The method for high-efficiency ecological shrimp culture in northern ponds according to claim 6, which is characterized in that: the adjusting method for keeping the water quality in a rich water state in the whole culture period comprises the following steps: when the water quality is too fat, the water is adjusted by using bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and when the water quality is too thin, the rhodopseudomonas palustris and/or ammonium bicarbonate is used for fertilizing water.
8. The method for high-efficiency ecological shrimp culture in northern ponds according to claim 7, which is characterized in that: the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (A), (B), (C) and (C)Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) MES 812, preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center with the preservation address of No. 3 Xilu No.1 of Beijing, Chaoyang, the preservation date of 8 months and 10 days in 2017 and the preservation number of CGMCC No. 14515; the number of viable bacteria in the zymocyte powder of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MES 812 is not less than 2.0 × 1010cfu/g; the product can be used for 4-5 mu of water with the water depth of 1 m per kilogram, and is used once every 10-15 days, and when the water quality is seriously deteriorated, the product can be used for 2-3 mu of water with the water depth of 1 m per bag.
9. The method for high-efficiency ecological shrimp culture in northern ponds according to claim 7, which is characterized in that: the rhodopseudomonas palustris CICC 1421 is purchased from China industrial microorganism culture collection management center (09 months and 21 days in 2018); the CFU of Rhodopseudomonas palustris bacterial liquid product is not less than 30.0 × 108Per ml; the ammonium bicarbonate is matched with the rhodopseudomonas palustris rich water, 1-1.5L of water is added per mu (water depth is 1 m), and the mixture is uniformly sprinkled and used once every 15-20 days; the dosage of the ammonium bicarbonate is 1.5-2kg per mu of land.
10. The method for high-efficiency ecological shrimp culture in northern ponds according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the daily bait amount of the shrimp feed in the middle culture period is 2.0-2.5% of the weight of the shrimps; the daily bait amount of the shrimp feed in the harvest period is 2.5-3.0% of the shrimp weight.
CN202011337927.6A 2020-11-25 2020-11-25 Method for efficient ecological shrimp culture in northern pond Pending CN112450135A (en)

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