CN113519424A - Breeding method for improving survival rate of Litopenaeus vannamei in early stage of intensive culture shrimp pond - Google Patents

Breeding method for improving survival rate of Litopenaeus vannamei in early stage of intensive culture shrimp pond Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113519424A
CN113519424A CN202110902763.5A CN202110902763A CN113519424A CN 113519424 A CN113519424 A CN 113519424A CN 202110902763 A CN202110902763 A CN 202110902763A CN 113519424 A CN113519424 A CN 113519424A
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litopenaeus vannamei
shrimp
pond
culture
powder
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刘刚
孙海远
冯美元
窦富超
李立培
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Tianjin Development Zone Kunhe Biotechnology Co ltd
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Tianjin Development Zone Kunhe Biotechnology Co ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/50Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
    • A01K61/59Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • A01K61/13Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/04Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/04Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
    • A01K63/042Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of shrimp culture, in particular to a culture method for improving the early-stage survival rate of Litopenaeus vannamei in an intensive culture shrimp pond. The invention provides a breeding method for improving the survival rate of Litopenaeus vannamei in the early stage of an intensive culture shrimp pond, which comprises the step of reducing dissolved oxygen in the intensive culture shrimp pond for breeding the Litopenaeus vannamei; the step of reducing dissolved oxygen comprises one or more of aeration with an aerator, salt sprinkling, and use of a microbial ecological agent. Through continuous breeding practices and experiments, the applicant finds that the main reason that the litopenaeus vannamei dies when the shrimp feed is fed in the initial stage is that the dissolved oxygen in the intensive culture shrimp pond is high for a long time, so that the litopenaeus vannamei generates blister diseases, and the litopenaeus vannamei dies due to stress reaction generated when the feed is fed; the dissolved oxygen is reduced in the precision shrimp pond for culturing the litopenaeus vannamei, and the occurrence of the bubble disease is reduced, so that the earlier-stage survival rate of the litopenaeus vannamei is improved, and the economic benefit is improved.

Description

Breeding method for improving survival rate of Litopenaeus vannamei in early stage of intensive culture shrimp pond
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of shrimp culture, and particularly relates to a culture method for improving the early-stage survival rate of Litopenaeus vannamei in an intensive culture shrimp pond.
Background
In the intensive shrimp culture pond in the early stage of culture (from seedling release to one month), the conventional seedling release mode is that the seedlings are released in the rotifer peak period, and the feeding is not carried out for 20-30 days after the seedling release, so that the shrimps naturally ingest plankton in the pond: rotifers, cladocera, algae, and the like. The shrimps are usually dead after feeding the shrimps for one month. Researchers cannot find corresponding pathogens and know the causes of death for a long time, but only can be attributed to low resistance of the shrimps in the liver-turning period, and the shrimps die due to overfeeding of the baits suddenly and fully.
The litopenaeus vannamei died in the initial stage is small in size, and the litopenaeus vannamei died directly sinks, so that the litopenaeus vannamei died in the initial stage is difficult to find, and no reference standard is provided during feeding, so that feed is wasted, and water quality is damaged. Therefore, how to reduce the early death rate of the litopenaeus vannamei in the intensive culture shrimp pond is a problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a breeding method for improving the early-stage survival rate of the Litopenaeus vannamei in the intensive culture shrimp pond, so as to solve the problem of high early-stage death rate of the Litopenaeus vannamei in the prior art and achieve the effect of improving the early-stage survival rate of the Litopenaeus vannamei in the intensive culture shrimp pond.
The invention provides a breeding method for improving the survival rate of Litopenaeus vannamei in the early stage of an intensive culture shrimp pond, which comprises the step of reducing dissolved oxygen in the intensive culture shrimp pond for breeding the Litopenaeus vannamei; the step of reducing dissolved oxygen comprises one or more of aeration with an aerator, salt sprinkling, and use of a microbial ecological agent. Certainly, the dissolved oxygen requirement of the litopenaeus vannamei is not lower than 5mg/L for 24h, so that in the process of reducing the dissolved oxygen, the dissolved oxygen in the pond for finely culturing the litopenaeus vannamei is not lower than 5mg/L for 24 h.
In one embodiment, when the dissolved oxygen in the pond for the refined culture of the shrimps reaches more than 10mg/L, putting a micro-ecological preparation in the pond for the refined culture of the shrimps; the microecological reagent comprises at least one of bacillus subtilis powder, bacillus licheniformis powder and bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder.
In one embodiment, the effective viable count of the bacillus subtilis powder is not less than 2.0 × 1010cfu/g, the effective viable count of the bacillus licheniformis powder is not less than 2.0 multiplied by 1010cfu/g, effective viable count of not less than 2.0 × 10 in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder10cfu/g。
In one embodiment, the feeding area of each kilogram of bacillus subtilis powder to a pond with the water depth of 1 meter is 5-8 mu, and the feeding frequency of the bacillus subtilis powder is once every other day until the highest dissolved oxygen is lower than 14.4 mg/L; the feeding area of each kilogram of the bacillus licheniformis powder to a pond with the water depth of 1m is 5-8 mu, and the feeding frequency of the bacillus licheniformis powder is once every other day until the highest dissolved oxygen is lower than 14.4 mg/L; the putting area of each kilogram of bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder to a pond with the water depth of 1 meter is 5-8 mu, and the putting frequency of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder is once every other day until the highest dissolved oxygen is lower than 14.4 mg/L. It should be noted that the dissolved oxygen in the water body varies, and generally reaches the highest at about 14 am and the lowest at 3 am, so the end time of the micro-ecological agent administration is based on the condition that the highest dissolved oxygen in one day is lower than 14.4 mg/L.
In one embodiment, the bacillus subtilis in the bacillus subtilis powder is bacillus subtilis MES 810, which is preserved in China general microbiological culture collection center with the preservation date of 2017, 8 months and 10 days, and the preservation number is as follows: CGMCC No. 14514; the bacillus licheniformis in the bacillus licheniformis powder is bacillus licheniformis MES 816 which is preserved in China general microbiological culture collection center with the preservation date of 2018, 5 months and 8 days, and the preservation number is as follows: CGMCC No. 15744; the bacillus amyloliquefaciens MES 812 in the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder is preserved in the China general microbiological culture collection center with the preservation date of 2017, 8 months and 10 days and the preservation number of: CGMCC No. 14515.
In one embodiment, when the dissolved oxygen in the shrimp fine-culture pond reaches more than 14.4mg/L, an aerator is used for aerating for more than 40min and/or salting; wherein the salt spreading amount of the pond with the water depth of 1 meter per mu is 0.8-1.2 kg.
In one embodiment, the time for putting the litopenaeus vannamei fries in the refined shrimp pond is 2-3d after the rotifer peak period in the refined shrimp pond, and the cladocera begins to appear.
In one embodiment, when the litopenaeus vannamei is a fast-growing shrimp variety, feeding shrimp feed starting on the 3 rd day of feeding of litopenaeus vannamei seedlings, wherein the feeding amount of the shrimp feed is limited to 2 hours for complete eating; when the number of the branches is large, the feeding amount is reduced, and when the algae starts to breed, the feeding amount is increased.
In one embodiment, the shrimp feed includes small break feed and/or fish meal.
In one embodiment, when the litopenaeus vannamei is a shrimp variety with strong adverse environment resistance, the feeding time is determined according to the abundance of biological baits in the intensive culture shrimp pond 25-30 days after litopenaeus vannamei seedlings are put in; the fed shrimp feed comprises large crushed feed; when the branches are more, the feeding amount is reduced.
The bacillus subtilis in the bacillus subtilis powder used in the embodiment of the invention is bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis: (B)Bacillus subtilis) MES 810, has been preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center, has a preservation date of 2017, 8 months and 10 days, and has a preservation number of: CGMCC No.14514, the preservation address is No. 3 Hospital No.1 Xilu, Beijing, Chaoyang. The bacillus subtilis adopted in the embodiment of the invention is separated from Zhangjiakou potato fields by the applicant, is a gram-positive aerobic bacterium, has a single cell size of (0.7-0.8) Mumx (2-3) Mum, and is uniformly colored; the capsule is not contained, and the flagella is generated in the week and can move; spores (0.6-0.9) mum x (1.0-1.5) mum are oval to columnar, are positioned in the center of the thallus or slightly deviated from the center, and do not expand after the formation of spores. The surface of the colony is rough and opaque, and is dirty white or yellowish, and when the colony grows in a liquid culture medium, the skin becomes always formed; tryptophan can be decomposed to form indole by using protein, various sugars and starch.
The bacillus licheniformis in the bacillus licheniformis powder used in the embodiment of the invention is bacillus licheniformis (bacillus licheniformis)Bacillus licheniformis) MES 816, which has been deposited in China generalThe preservation date of the general microbiological culture preservation management center is 2018, 5 and 8 days, and the preservation numbers are: CGMCC No.15744, with the preservation address of No. 3 Hospital No.1 Xilu, North Chen, Chaozhou, Chaoyang. The bacillus licheniformis adopted by the embodiment of the invention is separated from soil stabilized in Hebei province by the applicant, is gram-positive facultative anaerobe, and has rod-shaped and single-growth cell morphology and arrangement; single cell (2.5-3.5) × (0.8-1.5) μm; no capsule, no flagellum, and can move; the optimal growth environment is 35 +/-1 ℃ and the pH value is about 7.0.
The bacillus amyloliquefaciens in the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder used in the embodiment of the invention is bacillus amyloliquefaciens (bacillus amyloliquefaciens)Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) MES 812, has been preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center, has a preservation date of 2017, 8 months and 10 days, and has a preservation number of: CGMCC No.14515, the preservation address is No. 3 Hospital No.1 Xilu, Beijing, Chaoyang. The bacillus amyloliquefaciens adopted by the embodiment of the invention is gram-positive facultative anaerobe; the thallus is rod-shaped, the size is (0.6-0.8) × (2.0-4.5) μm, the endophytic spore, the spore is oval, the mesogenesis is realized, and the spore sac is not expanded; the colonies are milky colonies on a PDA culture medium and an NA culture medium, the surfaces are smooth, have no folds, are wet and viscous, the edges are wavy and uneven, and no pigment is produced; can grow well at pH 5.0-9.0, and the optimal growth temperature is 28-30 deg.C.
One or more technical schemes provided by the invention at least have the following technical effects or advantages:
(1) through continuous breeding practices and experiments, the applicant finds that the main reason that the litopenaeus vannamei dies when the shrimp feed is fed in the initial stage is that the dissolved oxygen in the intensive culture shrimp pond is high for a long time, so that the litopenaeus vannamei generates blister diseases, and the litopenaeus vannamei dies due to stress reaction generated when the feed is fed; the dissolved oxygen is reduced in the precision shrimp pond for culturing the litopenaeus vannamei, and the occurrence of bubble disease is reduced, so that the earlier-stage survival rate of the litopenaeus vannamei is improved, and the economic benefit is improved;
(2) the method for reducing the dissolved oxygen comprises the steps of using an aerator for aeration, sprinkling salt or using a microecological preparation, and has simple measures and good operability; and by utilizing ecological cycle, more energy flows into cultured animals, the energy flow is regulated and controlled, the benefit is increased, and the environmental pollution is reduced;
(3) the breeding method for improving the survival rate of the Litopenaeus vannamei in the early stage of the intensive culture shrimp pond has good effects on the rapid growth, high survival rate, high mortality rate after getting ill and rapid death of the rapid 'fast-growing' shrimp fries and the 'high-resistance' shrimp fries which grow slightly slowly, have strong capability of resisting adverse environment, have low mortality rate after getting ill and do not die completely, and can obviously improve the survival rate of the Litopenaeus vannamei in the early stage.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and therefore are only examples, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
The experimental procedures in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified. The test materials used in the following examples were purchased from a conventional biochemical reagent store unless otherwise specified.
The strains related to the embodiment of the invention are as follows:
(1) bacillus subtilis (B) used in the inventionBacillus subtilis) MES 810, as described in patent No. CN201710862006.3 (patent name: a bacterial strain for preventing and treating potato wilt and a preparation method and application of a preparation thereof). The preparation method of the bacillus subtilis MES 810 bacterial powder comprises the steps of preparing a bacillus subtilis fermentation liquid preparation in a bacterial strain for preventing and treating potato wilt as well as a preparation method and application of the preparation of the bacterial strain for preventing and treating potato wilt in patent application No. CN201710862006.3, and then preparing powder, namely the bacillus subtilis bacterial powder, by spray drying.
(2) Bacillus licheniformis (B) used in the inventionBacillus licheniformis)MES816 is disclosed in patent No. CN201911410610.8 (patent name: a complex microbial inoculum for preventing and treating pond moss and a preparation method and application thereof). The preparation method of the bacillus licheniformis MES 816 bacterial powder adopted by the invention is the same as the preparation method of the composite microbial agent for preventing and treating pond lichen, the preparation method of the composite microbial agent and the application of the bacillus licheniformis fermentation bacterial powder in the patent application No. CN 201911410610.8.
(3) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (B) used in the inventionBacillus amyloliquefaciens) MES 812, previously described in patent No. CN201710947727.4 (patent name: a composite microbial inoculum for preventing and treating tomato verticillium wilt and a preparation method and application thereof). The preparation method of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens MES 812 powder comprises the step of preparing a bacillus amyloliquefaciens fermentation product in a patent application number CN201710947727.4 composite microbial inoculum for preventing and treating tomato verticillium wilt and a preparation method and application thereof, and then spray drying is adopted to prepare powder, namely the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder.
Through continuous breeding practices and experiments, the applicant finds that the death of the fed shrimp feed Litopenaeus vannamei is actually an unsuitable environment expression, and the essence of the death is that the Litopenaeus vannamei is poor in physical weakness and resistance. The weak constitution is mainly the bubble disease caused by high dissolved oxygen of the intensive culture shrimp pond for a long time. According to observation, in spring of sunny days, the dissolved oxygen of a pond with more algae is up to 24mg/L and far higher than the minimum standard of 5mg/L, and the oxygen content in water is up to 14.4mg/L, which is generally considered to cause the bubble disease of the litopenaeus vannamei. Most of algae are distributed on the surface layer of 40-60cm of water body, so that a water layer 60cm away from the horizontal plane in water has a mutation layer of dissolved oxygen. The prawn seedlings often swim up and down at the bottom of the pond and on the water surface, bubble disease is easy to generate, resistance is reduced in the water for a long time, and stress reaction is generated when the prawn seedlings are fed with feed to cause dead prawn. In addition, the secondary reason is that the feeding amount is not reduced when biological baits are available because the feeding amount is too large.
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a culture method for improving the survival rate of the Litopenaeus vannamei in the early stage of an intensive culture shrimp pond, which comprises a water quality adjusting process, namely a step of reducing dissolved oxygen in the intensive culture shrimp pond for culturing the Litopenaeus vannamei; the step of reducing dissolved oxygen comprises one or more of aeration with an aerator, salt sprinkling, and use of a microbial ecological agent. The dissolved oxygen is reduced in the precision shrimp pond for culturing the litopenaeus vannamei, and the occurrence of the bubble disease is reduced, so that the earlier-stage survival rate of the litopenaeus vannamei is improved, and the economic benefit is improved.
The method for reducing the dissolved oxygen comprises the steps of using an aerator for aeration, sprinkling salt and putting in and using a microecological preparation, wherein the aerator and the sprinkling salt are started as emergency measures, and the putting in and using the microecological preparation is a preventive measure, so that the dissolved oxygen of the water in the upper layer and the water in the lower layer are uniformly mixed. The aerator is started, the ultrahigh dissolved oxygen of the upper layer is diffused into the air by mixing the water of the upper layer and the water of the lower layer, and the dissolved oxygen of the upper water layer and the dissolved oxygen of the lower water layer are kept in a higher state after the low dissolved oxygen of the bottom layer and the high dissolved oxygen of the upper layer are mixed; the salt spreading is to lead the dissolved oxygen of the upper layer water and the lower layer water of the water body to be consistent through the salinity of the upper layer and the lower layer; the micro-ecological preparation can decompose suspended organic matters in water, decompose macromolecular nutrient substances into micromolecules for algae to absorb, and promote the algae to reproduce; promoting the rapid circulation of nitrogen, accelerating the generation of zooplankton, inhibiting the excessive reproduction of algae, keeping the dissolved oxygen in the water body of the pond in a proper range and preventing the occurrence of bubble disease.
In one embodiment, in the water quality adjusting stage, when the dissolved oxygen in the pond for the intensive culture of the shrimps reaches more than 10mg/L, a microecological preparation is put into the pond for the intensive culture of the shrimps; the microecological reagent comprises at least one of bacillus subtilis powder, bacillus licheniformis powder and bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder. When the dissolved oxygen reaches more than 10mg/L, precautionary measures can be taken in advance, namely, microecologics such as bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis or bacillus amyloliquefaciens are uninterruptedly used; after the microbial inoculum is used, the growth and the propagation of the fungi not only consume excessive oxygen in water, but also accelerate N circulation in the pond, so that the peak of algae is passed as soon as possible, and the occurrence of bubble disease is reduced. In the embodiment of the invention, when the microecological preparation is put in, brown granulated sugar is preferably put in synchronously, so that the bacillus is accelerated to germinate from a spore state to a thallus state, and the effect is generated more quickly; the addition amount of brown granulated sugar is 2.5 times of the quality of synchronously added microecologics.
In one embodiment, the effective viable count of the bacillus subtilis powder is not less than 2.0 × 10 in the water quality regulation stage10cfu/g, the effective viable count of the bacillus licheniformis powder is not less than 2.0 multiplied by 1010cfu/g, effective viable count of not less than 2.0 × 10 in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder10cfu/g。
In one embodiment, in the water quality adjusting stage, the feeding area of each kilogram of bacillus subtilis powder to a pond with the water depth of 1 meter is 5-8 mu, and the feeding frequency of the bacillus subtilis powder is once every other day until the highest dissolved oxygen is lower than 14.4 mg/L; the feeding area of each kilogram of the bacillus licheniformis powder to a pond with the water depth of 1m is 5-8 mu, and the feeding frequency of the bacillus licheniformis powder is once every other day until the highest dissolved oxygen is lower than 14.4 mg/L; the putting area of each kilogram of bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder to a pond with the water depth of 1 meter is 5-8 mu, and the putting frequency of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder is once every other day until the highest dissolved oxygen is lower than 14.4 mg/L.
In one embodiment, in the water quality regulation stage, the bacillus subtilis in the bacillus subtilis powder is bacillus subtilis MES 810, which is preserved in China general microbiological culture collection center with the preservation date of 2017, 8 months and 10 days, and the preservation numbers are as follows: CGMCC No. 14514; the bacillus licheniformis in the bacillus licheniformis powder is bacillus licheniformis MES 816 which is preserved in China general microbiological culture collection center with the preservation date of 2018, 5 months and 8 days, and the preservation number is as follows: CGMCC No. 15744; the bacillus amyloliquefaciens MES 812 in the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder is preserved in the China general microbiological culture collection center with the preservation date of 2017, 8 months and 10 days and the preservation number of: CGMCC No. 14515.
In one embodiment, in the water quality adjusting stage, when the dissolved oxygen in the pond for fine culture of the shrimps reaches more than 14.4mg/L, emergency measures need to be taken, namely an aerator is used for aerating for more than 40min, and/or salt is scattered in water; wherein the salt spreading amount of the pond with the water depth of 1 meter per mu is 0.8-1.2 kg.
In one embodiment, the shrimp larvae release time is controlled, namely the release time of the litopenaeus vannamei larvae in the intensive shrimp pond is controlled when rotifer peak time in the intensive shrimp pond is 2-3d later and cladocera begins to appear. At the moment, the P5 shrimp fries are mainly fed with medium-large copepods in the nursery room and just feed small cladocerans (mainly comprising columella pulcherrima), and the pond is shifted to a stage mainly comprising rich animals and assisting phytoplankton, so that the contradiction is not outstanding because the litopenaeus vannamei is small although the oxygen yield is low.
In one embodiment, the feeding of the shrimp feed is controlled, when the litopenaeus vannamei is a fast large shrimp fry variety which grows rapidly, has high survival rate, high mortality rate after getting ill and dies rapidly, the feed is fed on the 3 rd day of the litopenaeus vannamei, and the feeding amount of the shrimp feed is limited to 2 hours and the complete feeding of the shrimp feed is realized; when the number of the branches is large, the feeding amount is reduced, and when the algae starts to breed, the feeding amount is increased. In some embodiments, the shrimp feed includes small break feed and/or fish meal.
In one embodiment, the feeding of the shrimp feed is controlled, and when the litopenaeus vannamei is a high-resistance shrimp fry variety which grows slowly, has strong adverse environment resistance, has low mortality after getting ill and can not die completely, the feeding time is determined according to the abundance of biological feed in the intensive culture shrimp pond 25-30 days after the litopenaeus vannamei is fed; the fed shrimp feed comprises large crushed feed; when the quantity of the braches is large, the feeding amount is reduced, and a certain number of the braches in the pond is maintained.
In order to better understand the technical solutions, the technical solutions will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1: breeding test for improving survival rate of Litopenaeus vannamei in early stage of highly resistant shrimp larvae in intensive culture shrimp pond
1. Time and place of experiment
The test is carried out in two open-air ponds of a green pool-hollow fishing ground in a large temple town in the West Qing region of Tianjin, beginning at 28 days 2 and 28 months 2021, wherein the areas of the two ponds are respectively 25 mu (1 #) and 20 mu (2 #), and the average water depth is 1.8 m during the test.
2. Test fine culture shrimp pond condition and culture method
Two ponds are both precision culture shrimp ponds, the 1# pond is a test pond, and the 2# pond is a control pond.
Before the test of 3 months and 1 day, the pond water is drained and the bottom of the pond is sunned, the two ponds are cleaned by using pond cleaning medicines respectively, and water is fed into the two ponds simultaneously in 3 months and 15 days. And (3) disinfecting the water body by using bleaching powder (the dosage is 25kg per mu) for 3 months and 30 days.
5 months and 12 days, two ponds simultaneously put Mexico 'high-resistance' seedlings purchased from Tianjin Lida seedling raising factories, and the seedling putting density is 4 ten thousand per mu.
The 1# pond is a test pond, the later stage of the peak of rotifer during the seedling releasing of the pond, the emergence of cladocera, the pH value of the detection is 8.1, the ammonia nitrogen is 0.1mg/L, and no nitrite nitrogen is detected. After the seedlings are released, the algae and the rotifers gradually decrease, the cladocera gradually increase from small to large, and the cladocera reaches the cladocera peak time within 5 months and 25 days, and at the moment, the algae and the rotifers almost completely disappear. The high cladocera is maintained from 25 days in 5 months to 10 days in 6 months. The crushed shrimp feed is induced and fed from 6 months and 12 days, and the algae increase. The algae almost reaches the peak by 18 days in 6 months, and the feeding amount of the shrimp feed is gradually increased.
The 2# pond is a control pond and is carried out according to a conventional method. The pond is in a rotifer peak period when seedlings are put, the pH value is detected to be 8.2, the ammonia nitrogen is 0.2mg/L, and nitrite nitrogen is not detected. After seedling placement, cladocera does not reach the peak, and the conditions of rotifers, cladocera and algae are all available at the same time. The peak of cladocera is reached by 20 days in 5 months, no feeding is carried out in the period, and the algae begin to breed and appear by 30 days in 5 months. No water conditioning measures were taken.
The number of effective live bacteria sprayed in 1# pond in 6 months and 15 days is not less than 2.0 multiplied by 10104kg of cfu/g of bacillus subtilis powder and 10kg of brown granulated sugar; the effective viable count of the product is not less than 2.0 × 10 after spraying for 17 days at 6 months104kg of cfu/g of bacillus licheniformis powder and 10kg of brown granulated sugar; the effective viable count of the product is not less than 2.0 × 10 after spraying for 6 months and 19 days104kg of cfu/g of bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder and 10kg of brown granulated sugar. Rotifer appears in the pond water in 22 days after 6 months, and the dissolved oxygen of the pond does not exceed 13 mg/L all day from 17 days after 6 months, thereby achieving the purpose of regulating and controlling high dissolved oxygen.
3. Results of the cultivation test
At 25 days 6 months, most prawns had reached more than 100, and the results were reported in table 1 by screening both ponds. The net spreading method comprises the following steps: one net is arranged around the pond, and two nets are arranged in the middle of the pond.
TABLE 1 Pond survival 'high-resistance' shrimp postlarvae screening result record
Number of nets 1 2 3 4 5 6 Average
High-resistance seedling 1# pool 189 156 163 194 185 172 176.50
High-resistance seedling 2# pool 156 163 175 158 160 149 160.17
According to experimental data, a conclusion can be obtained, and the scheme can obviously improve the survival rate of the litopenaeus vannamei in the intensive culture shrimp pond in the early stage of the high-resistance shrimp larvae.
Example 2: cultivation test for improving survival rate of Litopenaeus vannamei in early stage of fast growing shrimp seedlings in high-precision shrimp cultivation pond
1. Time and place of experiment:
the experiment is carried out in 2 months and 28 days in 2021 in 2 open-air ponds of a green pool and a depression fishing ground in a temple and a town in Tianjin, the areas of the 2 ponds are respectively 20 mu (1 #) and 40 mu (2 #), and the average water depth of the two ponds is 2 meters.
2. Test fine culture shrimp pond condition and culture method
The two ponds are intensive shrimp culture ponds. The 1# pond was the test pond and the 2# pond was the control pond.
Before the test is started, the pond water is drained and the bottom of the pond is sunned, the two ponds are cleaned by using pond cleaning medicines respectively, and water is fed simultaneously after one month. And 4, disinfecting the water body by using bleaching powder (50 bags for 40 mu and 20 bags for 20 mu) and disinfecting the bottom of the pool by using potassium hydrogen persulfate sheets (200 g per mu) every 12 days after 4 months.
5 months and 1 day, the two ponds simultaneously put Thai acrophase fast-growing seedlings purchased from Tianjin Lida seedling raising factories, and the seedling putting density is 4 ten thousand seedlings per mu. 1kg of small crushed feed shrimp feed is attracted and fed for 3 times a day from the time of putting the shrimp seedlings.
The 1# pond is a test pond, the later stage of the peak of rotifer during the seedling releasing of the pond, the emergence of cladocera, the pH value of the detection is 8.2, the ammonia nitrogen is 0.1mg/L, and no nitrite nitrogen is detected. After seedling releasing, the algae and the rotifers gradually decrease, the cladocera gradually increase from small to large, and the cladocera reaches the peak of the cladocera in 20 days after 5 months, and at the moment, the algae and the rotifers almost completely disappear. The high cladocera is maintained from 20 days in 5 months to 5 days in 6 months. The algae increase in 6 months and 10 days, almost reaches the peak in 6 months and 13 days, and the feeding amount is gradually increased to 15kg per day.
The 2# pond is a control pond and is carried out according to a conventional method. The pond is in a rotifer peak period when seedlings are put, the pH value is detected to be 8.2, the ammonia nitrogen is 0.2mg/L, and nitrite nitrogen is not detected. After seedling placement, cladocera does not reach the peak, and the conditions of rotifers, cladocera and algae are all available at the same time. The peak of cladocera is reached by 20 days in 5 months, no feeding is carried out in the period, and the algae begin to breed and appear by 30 days in 5 months. No water conditioning measures were taken.
The number of effective live bacteria sprayed in the 1# pond in 6 months and 10 days is not less than 2.0 multiplied by 10104kg of cfu/g of bacillus subtilis powder and 10kg of brown granulated sugar; the effective viable count of the product is not less than 2.0 × 10 after sprinkling for 6 months and 12 days104kg of cfu/g of bacillus licheniformis powder and 10kg of brown granulated sugar; the effective number of viable bacteria is not less than 2.0 × 10 after sprinkling for 6 months and 14 days104kg of cfu/g of bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder and 10kg of brown granulated sugar. Rotifer appears in the pond water in 18 days in 6 months, and the dissolved oxygen of the pond does not exceed 13 mg/L all day from 12 days in 6 months, thereby achieving the purpose of regulating and controlling high dissolved oxygen.
3. Results of the cultivation test
At 25 days 6 months, most prawns had reached more than 100, and the results were reported in table 2 by screening both ponds. The net spreading method comprises the following steps: one net is arranged around the pond, and two nets are arranged in the middle of the pond.
TABLE 2 Pond survival 'fast big' shrimp postlarvae screening result record
Number of nets 1 2 3 4 5 6 Average
'fast big' seedling 1# pool 186 188 195 162 179 190 183.33
'fast big' seedling 2# pool 149 156 166 175 166 168 163.33
According to experimental data, a conclusion can be obtained, and the scheme can remarkably improve the survival rate of the fast-growing and big-seedling intensive culture shrimp pond litopenaeus vannamei at the early stage.
By comparing the results of tables 1 and 2, it can be seen that: firstly, the survival rate of the experimental group is obviously higher than that of the control group; secondly, the difference of the high-resistance seedling experimental group is smaller than that of the fast-growing seedlings, which shows that the capability of the high-resistance seedlings for resisting adverse environment is strong; finally, the overall survival rate of the 'fast and big' seedlings is higher than that of the 'high-resistance' seedlings.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included in the following claims and description.

Claims (10)

1. A breeding method for improving the survival rate of Litopenaeus vannamei in the early stage of intensive culture shrimp pond is characterized in that: comprises the step of reducing dissolved oxygen in a precision culture shrimp pond for culturing the litopenaeus vannamei; the step of reducing dissolved oxygen comprises one or more of aeration by using an aerator, salt spraying and microecologics.
2. The culture method for improving the early survival rate of the litopenaeus vannamei in the intensive culture shrimp pond according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: when the dissolved oxygen in the purified shrimp pond reaches more than 10mg/L, putting a micro-ecological preparation in the purified shrimp pond; the microecological reagent comprises at least one of bacillus subtilis powder, bacillus licheniformis powder and bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder.
3. The culture method for improving the early survival rate of the litopenaeus vannamei in the intensive culture shrimp pond according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the effective viable count of the bacillus subtilis powder is not less than 2.0 multiplied by 1010cfu/g, the effective viable count of the bacillus licheniformis powder is not less than 2.0 multiplied by 1010cfu/g, the effective viable count of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder is not less than 2.0 multiplied by 1010cfu/g。
4. The culture method for improving the early survival rate of the litopenaeus vannamei in the intensive culture shrimp pond according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the putting area of each kilogram of the bacillus subtilis powder to a pond with the water depth of 1 meter is 5-8 mu, and the putting frequency of the bacillus subtilis powder is once every other day until the highest dissolved oxygen is lower than 14.4 mg/L;
the feeding area of each kilogram of the bacillus licheniformis powder to a pond with the water depth of 1m is 5-8 mu, and the feeding frequency of the bacillus licheniformis powder is once every other day until the highest dissolved oxygen is lower than 14.4 mg/L;
the putting area of each kilogram of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder to a pond with the water depth of 1 meter is 5-8 mu, and the putting frequency of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder is once every other day until the highest dissolved oxygen is lower than 14.4 mg/L.
5. The culture method for improving the early survival rate of the litopenaeus vannamei in the intensive culture shrimp pond according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the bacillus subtilis in the bacillus subtilis powder is bacillus subtilis MES 810, is preserved in China general microbiological culture collection center, has the preservation date of 2017, 8 months and 10 days, and has the preservation number of: CGMCC No. 14514;
the bacillus licheniformis in the bacillus licheniformis powder is bacillus licheniformis MES 816 which is preserved in China general microbiological culture collection center with the preservation date of 2018, 5 and 8 days, and the preservation numbers are as follows: CGMCC No. 15744;
the bacillus amyloliquefaciens MES 812 in the bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder is preserved in the China general microbiological culture collection center with the preservation date of 2017, 8 months and 10 days, and the preservation numbers are as follows: CGMCC No. 14515.
6. The culture method for improving the early survival rate of the litopenaeus vannamei in the intensive culture shrimp pond according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: when the dissolved oxygen in the fine shrimp pond reaches more than 14.4mg/L, aerating for more than 40min and/or salting by using an aerator; wherein the salt spreading amount of the pond with the water depth of 1 meter per mu is 0.8-1.2 kg.
7. The culture method for improving the early survival rate of the litopenaeus vannamei in the intensive culture shrimp pond according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the time for putting the litopenaeus vannamei fries in the intensive culture shrimp pond is 2-3d after the rotifer peak period in the intensive culture shrimp pond, and the cladocera begins to appear.
8. The culture method for improving the early survival rate of the litopenaeus vannamei in the intensive culture shrimp pond according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: when the litopenaeus vannamei is a fast-growing shrimp variety, feeding shrimp feed starting on the 3 rd day of putting the litopenaeus vannamei seedlings, wherein the feeding amount of the shrimp feed is limited to 2 hours when all the shrimp feed can be eaten; when the number of the branches is large, the feeding amount is reduced, and when the algae starts to breed, the feeding amount is increased.
9. The culture method for improving the early survival rate of the litopenaeus vannamei in the intensive culture shrimp pond according to claim 8, which is characterized in that: the shrimp feed comprises small crushed feed and/or fish meal.
10. The culture method for improving the early survival rate of the litopenaeus vannamei in the intensive culture shrimp pond according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: when the litopenaeus vannamei is a shrimp variety with strong adverse environment resistance, the feeding time is determined according to the abundance of biological bait in the intensive culture shrimp pond 25-30 days after litopenaeus vannamei seedlings are put in; the fed shrimp feed comprises large crushed feed; when the branches are more, the feeding amount is reduced.
CN202110902763.5A 2021-08-06 2021-08-06 Breeding method for improving survival rate of Litopenaeus vannamei in early stage of intensive culture shrimp pond Pending CN113519424A (en)

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