CN115490503B - 一种陶瓷复合材料及熔断器瓷管 - Google Patents

一种陶瓷复合材料及熔断器瓷管 Download PDF

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CN115490503B
CN115490503B CN202211306824.2A CN202211306824A CN115490503B CN 115490503 B CN115490503 B CN 115490503B CN 202211306824 A CN202211306824 A CN 202211306824A CN 115490503 B CN115490503 B CN 115490503B
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ceramic composite
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oxide
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CN115490503A (zh
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陈维
陈尚松
刘新民
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Loudi Haitian Special Ceramics Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及陶瓷材料领域，具体为一种陶瓷复合材料及熔断器瓷管，以质量份数计，由以下原料制成：α‑纳米氧化铝30‑40份、纳米二氧化硅3‑5份、堇青石10‑15份、莫来石10‑15份、锂辉石5‑10份、高熔点氧化物0.5‑2.5份、无机纤维5‑10份、二乙烯基苯1‑2份、聚碳硅烷3‑6份、氯铂酸微量、烧结助剂6‑9份、丙三醇1‑2份、硅溶胶2‑4份、溶剂30‑40份，本发明所制备的陶瓷复合材料具有优异的力学性能和较低的热导率以及较高体积电阻率，适合作为熔断器瓷管的原材料。

Description

一种陶瓷复合材料及熔断器瓷管
技术领域
本发明涉及陶瓷材料领域，具体涉及一种陶瓷复合材料及熔断器瓷管。
背景技术
“熔断器”的作用与保险丝一致，当电路电流异常并且超过其额定电流时熔断起到电路保护的作用，熔断器会以本身熔化熔体并将电路与其自身产生的热量断开，熔断器广泛应用于高低压配电系统和控制系统以及用电设备中，作为短路和过电流的保护器，是应用最普遍的保护器件之一。
管式熔断器作为熔断器的一种，它的熔体装在熔断体内，如RT14熔断器，熔断体两端套有金属帽的完全密封的绝缘管，目前熔断器的管体多为玻璃或陶瓷，由于陶瓷的力学强度远胜于玻璃，所以陶瓷熔断器逐渐成为主流，熔断器瓷管需要有良好的机械性能、低热导率、与内电极无界面反应和良好的高温灭弧性能，目前熔断器瓷管多由氧化铝陶瓷制成，氧化铝陶瓷脆性大、韧性差，热导率高，一定程度上影响熔断器的生产制造、运输和熔断特性，对其进行性能改进成为目前的研究重点。
发明内容
发明目的：针对现有技术的缺陷或改进需求，本发明提供了一种陶瓷复合材料及熔断器瓷管。
本发明所采用的技术方案如下：
一种陶瓷复合材料，以质量份数计，由以下原料制成：
α-纳米氧化铝30-40份、纳米二氧化硅3-5份、堇青石10-15份、莫来石10-15份、锂辉石5-10份、高熔点氧化物0.5-2.5份、无机纤维5-10份、二乙烯基苯1-2份、聚碳硅烷3-6份、氯铂酸微量、烧结助剂6-9份、丙三醇1-2份、硅溶胶2-4份、溶剂30-40份；
进一步地，以质量份数计，由以下原料制成：
α-纳米氧化铝35份、纳米二氧化硅3份、堇青石10份、莫来石10份、锂辉石6份、高熔点氧化物2份、无机纤维8份、二乙烯基苯2份、聚碳硅烷6份、氯铂酸微量、烧结助剂6份、丙三醇2份、硅溶胶2份、溶剂33份；
进一步地，所述高熔点氧化物为熔点高于2300℃的金属氧化物。
进一步地，所述高熔点氧化物为氧化铈、氧化锆、氧化锶、氧化铬、氧化钪中的一种或多种组合；
优选为氧化铈和氧化锆；
所述氧化铈和氧化锆的质量比为1-5：1-5。
进一步地，所述无机纤维为表面预处理后的碳纤维。
进一步地，所述碳纤维的表面预处理方法如下：
碳纤维先在氮气保护下经过450-500℃高温处理，再依次放入氢氧化钠溶液、浓硫酸和浓硝酸组成的混酸溶液中浸泡，水洗后干燥再放入乙二胺中浸泡，最后真空干燥即可。
进一步地，所述烧结助剂为BAS玻璃粉，所述BAS玻璃粉的成分如下：
BaO 34-37wt％、Al2O3 20-25wt％、SiO2 28-35wt％、其余为不可避免杂质。
进一步地，所述溶剂为乙醇、二甲苯、丙酮，所述乙醇、二甲苯、丙酮的质量比为4-8：1：4-8，优选为5：1：5。
本发明还提供了一种陶瓷复合材料的制备方法：
将α-纳米氧化铝、纳米二氧化硅、堇青石、莫来石、锂辉石、高熔点氧化物、无机纤维、烧结助剂混合球磨后得到混合粉料，将氯铂酸加入乙醇中混合均匀得到催化剂溶液，将二甲苯、丙酮混合后再将二乙烯基苯、聚碳硅烷加入，搅拌均匀后将混合粉料、丙三醇、硅溶胶、催化剂溶液加入，闷料24-48h，再次研磨过200目筛、30-40MPa下压制成型后100-120℃干燥5-8h得到坯体，将坯体以10-20℃/min的速度升温至500-550℃，再以4-6℃/min的速度升温至1050-1100℃，保温1-1.5h后最后以1-3℃/min的速度升温至1500-1550℃，保温烧结2-3h，最后随炉冷却至室温即可。
本发明还提供了一种熔断器瓷管，由上述陶瓷复合材料制备而成。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明提供了一种陶瓷复合材料，堇青石、莫来石、锂辉石的加入可以改善氧化铝的物理性能，高熔点氧化物的加入既可以促进烧结，消除中间相(石英、尖晶石)，又不形成大量玻璃相，提高了陶瓷材料的力学性能，碳纤维可以改善陶瓷材料的韧性，提高抗热震性，降低导热系数，经过表面预处理的碳纤维在陶瓷材料中分布更为均匀，而且质地变柔软，具有更好的锚固效应，二乙烯基苯、聚碳硅烷、氯铂酸经过交联、裂解生成弥散分布的碳化硅，在外力作用下，可以伴随着体积和形状的变化而吸收能量，降低裂纹尖端的应力集中，阻止或延缓裂纹扩展，从而提高陶瓷材料的韧性和强度，本发明所制备的陶瓷复合材料具有优异的力学性能和较低的热导率以及较高体积电阻率，适合作为熔断器瓷管的原材料。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1所制备陶瓷复合材料的断面微观形貌图。
具体实施方式
实施例中未注明具体条件者，按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
α-纳米氧化铝：南京保克特新材料有限公司；
纳米二氧化硅：南京保克特新材料有限公司；
堇青石：河南义翔新材料有限公司；
莫来石：河南义翔新材料有限公司；
锂辉石：河南义翔新材料有限公司；
氧化铈：北京十月新材科技有限公司；
氧化锆：北京十月新材科技有限公司；
碳纤维：盐城市翔盛碳纤维科技有限公司，长度1-5mm；
二乙烯基苯：济宁三石生物科技有限公司；
聚碳硅烷：常州华达纳米材料科技有限公司；
氯铂酸：济宁三石生物科技有限公司；
BAS玻璃粉：广州市新稀冶金化工有限公司；
丙三醇：济南三恩化工；
硅溶胶：济南硅港化工有限公司；
乙醇：济南三恩化工；
二甲苯：济南三恩化工；
丙酮：济南三恩化工。
实施例1：
一种陶瓷复合材料，以质量份数计，由以下原料制成：
α-纳米氧化铝35份、纳米二氧化硅3份、堇青石10份、莫来石10份、锂辉石6份、氧化铈1份、氧化锆1份、碳纤维8份、二乙烯基苯2份、聚碳硅烷6份、氯铂酸微量、BAS玻璃粉6份、丙三醇2份、硅溶胶2份、乙醇15份、二甲苯3份、丙酮15份；
碳纤维经过表面预处理，预处理方法如下：
氮气保护下，将碳纤维放入真空管式炉中，先升温至480℃高温处理40min，冷却取出后再放入10wt％氢氧化钠溶液中浸泡15min，浓硫酸和浓硝酸按体积比1:1组成的混酸溶液中浸泡15min，水洗至中性后干燥，再放入乙二胺中浸泡15min，最后50℃真空干燥即可。
BAS玻璃粉的成分如下：
BaO 37wt％、Al2O3 24wt％、SiO2 35wt％、其余为不可避免杂质。
上述陶瓷复合材料的制备方法：
将α-纳米氧化铝、纳米二氧化硅、堇青石、莫来石、锂辉石、氧化铈、氧化锆、碳纤维、BAS玻璃粉于行星式球磨机进行球磨混料2h，得到混合粉料，将氯铂酸加入乙醇中混合均匀得到催化剂溶液，将二甲苯、丙酮混合后再将二乙烯基苯、聚碳硅烷加入，搅拌均匀后将混合粉料、丙三醇、硅溶胶、催化剂溶液加入，闷料48h，再次球磨过200目筛、40MPa下压制成型后120℃干燥6h得到坯体，将坯体以20℃/min的速度升温至520℃，再以5℃/min的速度升温至1080℃，保温1h后最后以2℃/min的速度升温至1550℃，保温烧结2h，最后随炉冷却至室温即可。
实施例2：
一种陶瓷复合材料，以质量份数计，由以下原料制成：
α-纳米氧化铝40份、纳米二氧化硅5份、堇青石15份、莫来石15份、锂辉石10份、氧化铈1份、氧化锆1份、碳纤维10份、二乙烯基苯2份、聚碳硅烷6份、氯铂酸微量、BAS玻璃粉9份、丙三醇2份、硅溶胶4份、乙醇15份、二甲苯3份、丙酮15份；
碳纤维表面预处理方法和BAS玻璃粉的成分同实施例1；
上述陶瓷复合材料的制备方法：
将α-纳米氧化铝、纳米二氧化硅、堇青石、莫来石、锂辉石、氧化铈、氧化锆、碳纤维、BAS玻璃粉于行星式球磨机进行球磨混料2h，得到混合粉料，将氯铂酸加入乙醇中混合均匀得到催化剂溶液，将二甲苯、丙酮混合后再将二乙烯基苯、聚碳硅烷加入，搅拌均匀后将混合粉料、丙三醇、硅溶胶、催化剂溶液加入，闷料48h，再次球磨过200目筛、40MPa下压制成型后120℃干燥8h得到坯体，将坯体以20℃/min的速度升温至550℃，再以6℃/min的速度升温至1100℃，保温1.5h后最后以3℃/min的速度升温至1550℃，保温烧结3h，最后随炉冷却至室温即可。
实施例3：
一种陶瓷复合材料，以质量份数计，由以下原料制成：
α-纳米氧化铝30份、纳米二氧化硅5份、堇青石10份、莫来石15份、锂辉石5份、氧化铈1份、氧化锆1份、碳纤维10份、二乙烯基苯1份、聚碳硅烷6份、氯铂酸微量、BAS玻璃粉6份、丙三醇2份、硅溶胶2份、乙醇15份、二甲苯3份、丙酮15份；
碳纤维表面预处理方法和BAS玻璃粉的成分同实施例1；
上述陶瓷复合材料的制备方法：
将α-纳米氧化铝、纳米二氧化硅、堇青石、莫来石、锂辉石、氧化铈、氧化锆、碳纤维、BAS玻璃粉于行星式球磨机进行球磨混料2h，得到混合粉料，将氯铂酸加入乙醇中混合均匀得到催化剂溶液，将二甲苯、丙酮混合后再将二乙烯基苯、聚碳硅烷加入，搅拌均匀后将混合粉料、丙三醇、硅溶胶、催化剂溶液加入，闷料48h，再次球磨过200目筛、30MPa下压制成型后120℃干燥5h得到坯体，将坯体以20℃/min的速度升温至500℃，再以6℃/min的速度升温至1050℃，保温1.5h后最后以1℃/min的速度升温至1550℃，保温烧结2h，最后随炉冷却至室温即可。
实施例4：
一种陶瓷复合材料，以质量份数计，由以下原料制成：
α-纳米氧化铝30份、纳米二氧化硅3份、堇青石10份、莫来石10份、锂辉石5份、氧化铈1份、氧化锆1份、碳纤维5份、二乙烯基苯1份、聚碳硅烷3份、氯铂酸微量、BAS玻璃粉6份、丙三醇1份、硅溶胶2份、乙醇15份、二甲苯3份、丙酮15份；
碳纤维表面预处理方法和BAS玻璃粉的成分同实施例1；
上述陶瓷复合材料的制备方法：
将α-纳米氧化铝、纳米二氧化硅、堇青石、莫来石、锂辉石、氧化铈、氧化锆、碳纤维、BAS玻璃粉于行星式球磨机进行球磨混料2h，得到混合粉料，将氯铂酸加入乙醇中混合均匀得到催化剂溶液，将二甲苯、丙酮混合后再将二乙烯基苯、聚碳硅烷加入，搅拌均匀后将混合粉料、丙三醇、硅溶胶、催化剂溶液加入，闷料24h，再次球磨过200目筛、30MPa下压制成型后100℃干燥5h得到坯体，将坯体以10℃/min的速度升温至500℃，再以4℃/min的速度升温至1050℃，保温1h后最后以1℃/min的速度升温至1500℃，保温烧结2h，最后随炉冷却至室温即可。
实施例5：
一种陶瓷复合材料，以质量份数计，由以下原料制成：
α-纳米氧化铝40份、纳米二氧化硅3份、堇青石15份、莫来石10份、锂辉石10份、氧化铈1份、氧化锆1份、碳纤维5份、二乙烯基苯2份、聚碳硅烷3份、氯铂酸微量、BAS玻璃粉9份、丙三醇1份、硅溶胶4份、乙醇15份、二甲苯3份、丙酮15份；
碳纤维表面预处理方法和BAS玻璃粉的成分同实施例1；
上述陶瓷复合材料的制备方法：
将α-纳米氧化铝、纳米二氧化硅、堇青石、莫来石、锂辉石、氧化铈、氧化锆、碳纤维、BAS玻璃粉于行星式球磨机进行球磨混料2h，得到混合粉料，将氯铂酸加入乙醇中混合均匀得到催化剂溶液，将二甲苯、丙酮混合后再将二乙烯基苯、聚碳硅烷加入，搅拌均匀后将混合粉料、丙三醇、硅溶胶、催化剂溶液加入，闷料24h，再次球磨过200目筛、40MPa下压制成型后100℃干燥8h得到坯体，将坯体以10℃/min的速度升温至550℃，再以4℃/min的速度升温至1100℃，保温1h后最后以3℃/min的速度升温至1500℃，保温烧结3h，最后随炉冷却至室温即可。
对比例1
与实施例1基本相同，区别在于，不加入锂辉石。
对比例2
与实施例1基本相同，区别在于，不加入氧化铈。
对比例3
与实施例1基本相同，区别在于，不加入氧化锆。
对比例4
与实施例1基本相同，区别在于，碳纤维不经过表面预处理。
对比例5
与实施例1基本相同，区别在于，不加入二乙烯基苯、聚碳硅烷、氯铂酸。
对比例6
与实施例1基本相同，区别在于，不加入BAS玻璃粉。
性能测试：
将本发明实施例1-5及对比例1-6中所制备的陶瓷复合材料作为试样；
体积密度按照GB/T 5593-1999进行测定，单位g·cm-3；
弯曲强度按照GB/T 4741-1999进行测定，单位MPa；
断裂韧性按照GB/T 23806-2009进行测定，单位MPa·m-2；
耐压强度按照GB/T 4740-1999进行测定，单位MPa；
体积电阻率按照GB/T 5593-1999进行测定，100℃，单位×1015Ω；
热导率测试方法为：通过热分析仪测试经打磨抛光后的样品的热扩散系数，然后通过公式λ＝α·ρ·CP，其中λ为热导率，α为热扩散系数，ρ为样品密度，由阿基米德法测得，CP为比热，单位W·m-1·K-1。
测试结果如下表1所示：
表1
Figure BDA0003906167340000091
由上表1可知，本发明所制备的陶瓷复合材料具有优异的力学性能和较低的热导率以及较高体积电阻率，锂辉石、氧化铈、氧化锆、表面预处理碳纤维、BAS玻璃粉的加入对于提升陶瓷复合材料的力学性能起到了积极作用，二乙烯基苯、聚碳硅烷、氯铂酸经过交联、裂解生成的碳化硅可以改善陶瓷复合材料致密度，提高了韧性和强度。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (5)

1.一种陶瓷复合材料，其特征在于，以质量份数计，由以下原料制成：
α-纳米氧化铝30-40份、纳米二氧化硅3-5份、堇青石10-15份、莫来石10-15份、锂辉石5-10份、高熔点氧化物0.5-2.5份、无机纤维5-10份、二乙烯基苯1-2份、聚碳硅烷3-6份、氯铂酸微量、烧结助剂6-9份、丙三醇1-2份、硅溶胶2-4份、溶剂30-40份；
所述高熔点氧化物为氧化铈和氧化锆，所述氧化铈和氧化锆的质量比为1-5：1-5；
所述无机纤维为表面预处理后的碳纤维，所述碳纤维的表面预处理方法如下：
碳纤维先在氮气保护下经过450-500℃高温处理，再依次放入氢氧化钠溶液、浓硫酸和浓硝酸组成的混酸溶液中浸泡，水洗后干燥再放入乙二胺中浸泡，最后真空干燥即可；
所述烧结助剂为BAS玻璃粉，所述BAS玻璃粉的成分如下：
BaO 34-37wt％、Al2O3 20-25wt％、SiO2 28-35wt％、其余为不可避免杂质。
2.如权利要求1所述的陶瓷复合材料，其特征在于，以质量份数计，由以下原料制成：
α-纳米氧化铝35份、纳米二氧化硅3份、堇青石10份、莫来石10份、锂辉石6份、高熔点氧化物2份、无机纤维8份、二乙烯基苯2份、聚碳硅烷6份、氯铂酸微量、烧结助剂6份、丙三醇2份、硅溶胶2份、溶剂33份。
3.如权利要求1所述的陶瓷复合材料，其特征在于，所述溶剂为乙醇、二甲苯、丙酮，所述乙醇、二甲苯、丙酮的质量比为为5：1：5。
4.一种如权利要求3所述的陶瓷复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，将α-纳米氧化铝、纳米二氧化硅、堇青石、莫来石、锂辉石、高熔点氧化物、无机纤维、烧结助剂混合球磨后得到混合粉料，将氯铂酸加入乙醇中混合均匀得到催化剂溶液，将二甲苯、丙酮混合后再将二乙烯基苯、聚碳硅烷加入，搅拌均匀后将混合粉料、丙三醇、硅溶胶、催化剂溶液加入，闷料24-48h，再次研磨过200目筛、30-40MPa下压制成型后100-120℃干燥5-8h得到坯体，将坯体以10-20℃/min的速度升温至500-550℃，再以4-6℃/min的速度升温至1050-1100℃，保温1-1.5h后最后以1-3℃/min的速度升温至1500-1550℃，保温烧结2-3h，最后随炉冷却至室温即可。
5.一种熔断器瓷管，其特征在于，由权利要求1-3中任一项所述的陶瓷复合材料制备而成。
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