CN114195489B - 一种高分断陶瓷保险管瓷体的制作方法 - Google Patents

一种高分断陶瓷保险管瓷体的制作方法 Download PDF

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CN114195489B
CN114195489B CN202111367077.9A CN202111367077A CN114195489B CN 114195489 B CN114195489 B CN 114195489B CN 202111367077 A CN202111367077 A CN 202111367077A CN 114195489 B CN114195489 B CN 114195489B
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康碧群
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Abstract

本发明涉及陶瓷材料领域,具体为一种高分断陶瓷保险管瓷体的制作方法,称取原料并干燥,将除氧化铝之外的原料加入球磨机中,再加入水和球磨介质,球后干燥,得到第一粉料,将氧化铝、第一粉料、油酸加入球磨机中,继续球磨18‑20h,得到第二粉料;将第二粉料与白蜡、蜂蜡混合造粒、压片得到坯体,将坯体先进行超临界CO2流体脱蜡后再进行短时热脱蜡,经清灰﹑修坯后,将坯体装入高温窑烧结,按本发明方法所制备的陶瓷保险管瓷体具有良好的力学性能,且导热系数较高,在保险管工作时瓷体内部热量能及时释放,提高了陶瓷保险管的分断能力。

Description

一种高分断陶瓷保险管瓷体的制作方法
技术领域
本发明涉及陶瓷材料领域,具体为一种高分断陶瓷保险管瓷体的制作方法。
背景技术
保险管是指一种安装在电路中,保证电路安全运行的电器元件,当电路发生故障或异常时,伴随着电流不断升高,并且升高的电流有可能损坏电路中的某些重要器件、烧毁电路甚至造成火灾时,那么保险管内部的熔丝就会在电流异常升高到一定的高度和热度的时候,熔断以切断电流,从而起到保护电路安全运行的作用。
现在市场上陶瓷保险管的构造一般是由两端引线含铁帽、瓷体、熔丝、环氧树脂组成,熔丝与铁帽之间需要用焊锡焊接,但是目前保险管瓷体的致密度偏高,散热性差,导致在工作时保险管瓷体内部热量不能及时释放,降低了分断能力。
发明内容
发明目的:针对上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种高分断陶瓷保险管瓷体的制作方法。
所采用的技术方案如下:
一种高分断陶瓷保险管瓷体的制作方法:
S1:按以下重量份数称取原料并干燥:
氧化铝80-100份、滑石粉1-3份、碳酸钙1-2份、高岭土1-2份、钒锆黄1-2份、二氧化钛1-2份、硅酸锆2-4份、碳粉6-10份、烧结助剂1-1.5份;
S2:将除氧化铝之外的原料加入球磨机中,再加入水和球磨介质,球磨15-18h后干燥,得到第一粉料;
S3:将氧化铝、第一粉料、油酸加入球磨机中,继续球磨18-20h,得到第二粉料;
S4:将第二粉料与白蜡、蜂蜡混合造粒、压片得到坯体,将坯体先进行超临界CO2流体脱蜡后再进行短时热脱蜡,经清灰﹑修坯后,将坯体装入高温窑烧结,初段烧结温度为1200-1300℃,通入氮气作为烧结气体,初段烧结时间为1-1.5h,终段烧结温度为1650-1700℃,通入氮气和氧气按体积比1-3:1-3组成的混合气体作为烧结气体,终段烧结时间为1-2h,烧结结束后降温出窑。
进一步地,所述烧结助剂为氟化钙、碳酸锂。
进一步地,所述氟化钙、碳酸锂的质量比为1:1-1.5。
进一步地,所述球磨介质为碳酸氢盐。
本发明所述碳酸氢盐是指碳酸形成的酸式盐,含有碳酸氢根离子,如碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、碳酸氢钙、碳酸氢铵等,碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、碳酸氢钙、碳酸氢铵只是作为举例,并不以此为限。
进一步地,所述球磨介质为碳酸氢铵。
进一步地,S2中除氧化铝之外的原料与水的质量比为1:3-4,所述球磨介质用量为水质量的0.2-0.5%。
进一步地,S3中所述油酸用量为350-400mL/100kg原料。
进一步地,S4中白蜡用量为第二粉料质量的10-12%,蜂蜡用量为第二粉料质量的1-2%。
进一步地,超临界CO2流体脱蜡时压力为20-40MPa,CO2流速为为1-1.5L/h,温度为45-65℃,时间为2-4h,短时热脱蜡的温度为900-950℃,时间为1-3h,超临界CO2流体脱蜡在超临界流体萃取系统中进行,脱蜡时将坯体置于萃取罐中。
进一步地,初段烧结时的升温速度为1-2℃/min,终段烧结时的升温速度为3-6℃/min。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明提供了一种高分断陶瓷保险管瓷体的制作方法,氧化铝是保险管瓷体常用的基体材料,但是虽然氧化铝价格低廉,力学性能良好,但是其热导率较低,所制备的保险管瓷体致密度偏高,散热性差,工作时瓷体内部热量不能及时释放,降低了分断能力,氮化铝具有优异的导热性能,是氧化铝良好的改性材料,但是发明人经过测试,氮化铝直接加入效果不理想,经过工艺改进,利用碳粉高温化还原再氮化的方式,使生成的氮化铝与氧化铝形成固溶体,提升了陶瓷保险管瓷体的力学性能和导热性能,氟化钙、碳酸锂的加入,可以调节瓷体的致密度,提高热导率,另外,发明人采取超临界CO2流体脱蜡后再进行短时热脱蜡的方法,可以缩短排蜡时间,避免长时间高温排蜡对晶粒生长的不利影响,按本发明方法所制备的陶瓷保险管瓷体具有良好的力学强度,且导热系数较高,在保险管工作时瓷体内部热量能及时释放,提高了陶瓷保险管的分断能力。
具体实施方式
实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
实施例1:
一种高分断陶瓷保险管瓷体的制作方法:
称取原料并干燥:氧化铝100份、滑石粉3份、碳酸钙2份、高岭土2份、钒锆黄1份、二氧化钛2份、硅酸锆4份、碳粉10份、氟化钙0.5份、碳酸锂0.5份,将除氧化铝之外的原料加入球磨机中,再加入4倍于其质量的水和碳酸氢铵,碳酸氢铵用量为水质量的0.5%,球磨15h后干燥,得到第一粉料,将氧化铝、第一粉料、油酸加入球磨机中,继续球磨20h,得到第二粉料,油酸用量为400mL/100kg原料,将第二粉料与白蜡、蜂蜡混合造粒,15MPa、120℃下热压10min得到坯体,白蜡用量为第二粉料质量的12%,蜂蜡用量为第二粉料质量的1%,将坯体先置于超临界流体萃取系统的萃取罐中进行超临界CO2流体脱蜡后再进行短时热脱蜡,超临界CO2流体脱蜡时压力为25MPa,CO2流速为为1.5L/h,温度为65℃,时间为4h,短时热脱蜡的温度为950℃,时间为2h,再经清灰﹑修坯后,将坯体装入高温窑烧结,先以1.5℃/min的速度升温至1250℃,进行初段烧结,初段烧结时氮气作为烧结气体,初段烧结时间为1.5h,再以5℃/min的速度升温至1700℃,进行终段烧结,终段烧结时氮气和氧气按体积比1:1组成的混合气体作为烧结气体,终段烧结时间为2h,烧结结束后降温出窑即可。
实施例2:
一种高分断陶瓷保险管瓷体的制作方法:
称取原料并干燥:氧化铝100份、滑石粉3份、碳酸钙2份、高岭土2份、钒锆黄2份、二氧化钛2份、硅酸锆4份、碳粉10份、氟化钙0.5份、碳酸锂0.5份,将除氧化铝之外的原料加入球磨机中,再加入4倍于其质量的水和碳酸氢铵,碳酸氢铵用量为水质量的0.5%,球磨18h后干燥,得到第一粉料,将氧化铝、第一粉料、油酸加入球磨机中,继续球磨20h,得到第二粉料,油酸用量为400mL/100kg原料,将第二粉料与白蜡、蜂蜡混合造粒,15MPa、120℃下热压10min得到坯体,白蜡用量为第二粉料质量的12%,蜂蜡用量为第二粉料质量的2%,将坯体先置于超临界流体萃取系统的萃取罐中进行超临界CO2流体脱蜡后再进行短时热脱蜡,超临界CO2流体脱蜡时压力为40MPa,CO2流速为为1.5L/h,温度为65℃,时间为4h,短时热脱蜡的温度为950℃,时间为3h,再经清灰﹑修坯后,将坯体装入高温窑烧结,先以2℃/min的速度升温至1300℃,进行初段烧结,初段烧结时氮气作为烧结气体,初段烧结时间为1.5h,再以6℃/min的速度升温至1700℃,进行终段烧结,终段烧结时氮气和氧气按体积比1:1组成的混合气体作为烧结气体,终段烧结时间为2h,烧结结束后降温出窑即可。
实施例3:
一种高分断陶瓷保险管瓷体的制作方法:
称取原料并干燥:氧化铝80份、滑石粉1份、碳酸钙1份、高岭土1份、钒锆黄1份、二氧化钛1份、硅酸锆2份、碳粉6份、氟化钙0.5份、碳酸锂0.5份,将除氧化铝之外的原料加入球磨机中,再加入3倍于其质量的水和碳酸氢铵,碳酸氢铵用量为水质量的0.2%,球磨15h后干燥,得到第一粉料,将氧化铝、第一粉料、油酸加入球磨机中,继续球磨18h,得到第二粉料,油酸用量为350mL/100kg原料,将第二粉料与白蜡、蜂蜡混合造粒,15MPa、120℃下热压10min得到坯体,白蜡用量为第二粉料质量的10%,蜂蜡用量为第二粉料质量的1%,将坯体先置于超临界流体萃取系统的萃取罐中进行超临界CO2流体脱蜡后再进行短时热脱蜡,超临界CO2流体脱蜡时压力为20MPa,CO2流速为为1L/h,温度为45℃,时间为2h,短时热脱蜡的温度为900℃,时间为1h,再经清灰﹑修坯后,将坯体装入高温窑烧结,先以1℃/min的速度升温至1200℃,进行初段烧结,初段烧结时氮气作为烧结气体,初段烧结时间为1h,再以3℃/min的速度升温至1650℃,进行终段烧结,终段烧结时氮气和氧气按体积比1:2组成的混合气体作为烧结气体,终段烧结时间为1h,烧结结束后降温出窑即可。
实施例4:
一种高分断陶瓷保险管瓷体的制作方法:
称取原料并干燥:氧化铝100份、滑石粉1份、碳酸钙2份、高岭土1份、钒锆黄2份、二氧化钛1份、硅酸锆4份、碳粉6份、氟化钙0.5份、碳酸锂0.5份,将除氧化铝之外的原料加入球磨机中,再加入4倍于其质量的水和碳酸氢铵,碳酸氢铵用量为水质量的0.2%,球磨18h后干燥,得到第一粉料,将氧化铝、第一粉料、油酸加入球磨机中,继续球磨18h,得到第二粉料,油酸用量为400mL/100kg原料,将第二粉料与白蜡、蜂蜡混合造粒,15MPa、120℃下热压10min得到坯体,白蜡用量为第二粉料质量的10%,蜂蜡用量为第二粉料质量的2%,将坯体先置于超临界流体萃取系统的萃取罐中进行超临界CO2流体脱蜡后再进行短时热脱蜡,超临界CO2流体脱蜡时压力为20MPa,CO2流速为为1.5L/h,温度为45℃,时间为4h,短时热脱蜡的温度为900℃,时间为3h,再经清灰﹑修坯后,将坯体装入高温窑烧结,先以1℃/min的速度升温至1300℃,进行初段烧结,初段烧结时氮气作为烧结气体,初段烧结时间为1h,再以6℃/min的速度升温至1650℃,进行终段烧结,终段烧结时氮气和氧气按体积比3:1组成的混合气体作为烧结气体,终段烧结时间为2h,烧结结束后降温出窑即可。
实施例5:
一种高分断陶瓷保险管瓷体的制作方法:
称取原料并干燥:氧化铝80份、滑石粉3份、碳酸钙1份、高岭土2份、钒锆黄1份、二氧化钛2份、硅酸锆2份、碳粉10份、氟化钙0.5份、碳酸锂0.5份,将除氧化铝之外的原料加入球磨机中,再加入3倍于其质量的水和碳酸氢铵,碳酸氢铵用量为水质量的0.5%,球磨15h后干燥,得到第一粉料,将氧化铝、第一粉料、油酸加入球磨机中,继续球磨20h,得到第二粉料,油酸用量为350mL/100kg原料,将第二粉料与白蜡、蜂蜡混合造粒,15MPa、120℃下热压10min得到坯体,白蜡用量为第二粉料质量的12%,蜂蜡用量为第二粉料质量的1%,将坯体先置于超临界流体萃取系统的萃取罐中进行超临界CO2流体脱蜡后再进行短时热脱蜡,超临界CO2流体脱蜡时压力为40MPa,CO2流速为为1L/h,温度为65℃,时间为2h,短时热脱蜡的温度为950℃,时间为1h,再经清灰﹑修坯后,将坯体装入高温窑烧结,先以2℃/min的速度升温至1200℃,进行初段烧结,初段烧结时氮气作为烧结气体,初段烧结时间为1.5h,再以3℃/min的速度升温至1700℃,进行终段烧结,终段烧结时氮气和氧气按体积比1:3组成的混合气体作为烧结气体,终段烧结时间为1h,烧结结束后降温出窑即可。
对比例1:
与实施例1基本相同,区别在于,不加入碳粉。
对比例2:
与实施例1基本相同,区别在于,不加入氟化钙和碳酸锂。
对比例3:
与实施例1基本相同,区别在于,不进行超临界CO2流体脱蜡。
性能测试:
按照本发明实施例1-5及对比例1-3方法制备试样,利用排水法测试烧成试样的体积密度,按照GB/T4741-1999陶瓷材料抗弯强度试验方法测试试样的抗弯强度σf,以压痕法试验测试试样的断裂韧度KIC,导热系数采用激光导热系数测试仪进行测试。
测试结果如下表1所示:
表1:
Figure GDA0003505352030000091
由上表1可知,按本发明方法所制备的陶瓷保险管瓷体具有良好的力学性能,且导热系数较高,在保险管工作时瓷体内部热量能及时释放,提高了陶瓷保险管的分断能力。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种高分断陶瓷保险管瓷体的制作方法,其特征在于,
S1:按以下重量份数称取原料并干燥:
氧化铝80-100份、滑石粉1-3份、碳酸钙1-2份、高岭土1-2份、钒锆黄1-2份、二氧化钛1-2份、硅酸锆2-4份、碳粉6-10份、烧结助剂1-1.5份;
S2:将除氧化铝之外的原料加入球磨机中,再加入水和球磨介质,球磨15-18h后干燥,得到第一粉料;
S3:将氧化铝、第一粉料、油酸加入球磨机中,继续球磨18-20h,得到第二粉料;
S4:将第二粉料与白蜡、蜂蜡混合造粒、压片得到坯体,将坯体先进行超临界CO2流体脱蜡后再进行短时热脱蜡,经清灰﹑修坯后,将坯体装入高温窑烧结,初段烧结温度为1200-1300℃,通入氮气作为烧结气体,初段烧结时间为1-1.5h,终段烧结温度为1650-1700℃,通入氮气和氧气按体积比1-3:1-3组成的混合气体作为烧结气体,终段烧结时间为1-2h,烧结结束后降温出窑;
所述烧结助剂为氟化钙、碳酸锂;
所述氟化钙、碳酸锂的质量比为1:1-1.5。
2.如权利要求1所述的高分断陶瓷保险管瓷体的制作方法,其特征在于,所述球磨介质为碳酸氢盐。
3.如权利要求2所述的高分断陶瓷保险管瓷体的制作方法,其特征在于,所述球磨介质为碳酸氢铵。
4.如权利要求1所述高分断陶瓷保险管瓷体的制作方法,其特征在于,S2中除氧化铝之外的原料与水的质量比为1:3-4,所述球磨介质用量为水质量的0.2-0.5%。
5.如权利要求1所述高分断陶瓷保险管瓷体的制作方法,其特征在于,S3中所述油酸用量为350-400mL/100kg原料。
6.如权利要求1所述高分断陶瓷保险管瓷体的制作方法,其特征在于,S4中白蜡用量为第二粉料质量的10-12%,蜂蜡用量为第二粉料质量的1-2%。
7.如权利要求1所述高分断陶瓷保险管瓷体的制作方法,其特征在于,超临界CO2流体脱蜡时压力为20-40MPa,CO2流速为为1-1.5L/h,温度为45-65℃,时间为2-4h,短时热脱蜡的温度为900-950℃,时间为1-3h。
8.如权利要求1所述高分断陶瓷保险管瓷体的制作方法,其特征在于,初段烧结时的升温速度为1-2℃/min,终段烧结时的升温速度为3-6℃/min。
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