CN115486314B - Method for hardening seedlings of Chinese prickly ash tissue culture seedlings - Google Patents
Method for hardening seedlings of Chinese prickly ash tissue culture seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 241001079064 Zanthoxylum schinifolium Species 0.000 title 1
- 235000008184 Piper nigrum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 235000002566 Capsicum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000006002 Pepper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 235000016761 Piper aduncum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 235000017804 Piper guineense Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 244000089698 Zanthoxylum simulans Species 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 241000722363 Piper Species 0.000 claims abstract 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 241000949456 Zanthoxylum Species 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000007650 Aralia spinosa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000299452 Gouania lupuloides Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000000292 Gouania lupuloides Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005794 Hymexazol Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- KGVPNLBXJKTABS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hymexazol Chemical compound CC1=CC(O)=NO1 KGVPNLBXJKTABS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 244000203593 Piper nigrum Species 0.000 description 35
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 6
- 241000918585 Pythium aphanidermatum Species 0.000 description 5
- 241000488583 Panonychus ulmi Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000000895 acaricidal effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000642 acaricide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013614 black pepper Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001931 piper nigrum l. white Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 235000011194 food seasoning agent Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000147058 Derris elliptica Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004278 EU approved seasoning Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000758706 Piperaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001093501 Rutaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000010692 aromatic oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013599 spices Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for hardening off pepper tissue culture seedlings, which mainly comprises the steps of substrate preparation, an initial cultivation period, a middle cultivation period and an end cultivation period. The seedling hardening cultivation is carried out on the pepper tissue culture seedlings by adopting the substrate and the management method at the initial stage, the middle stage and the final stage of cultivation, so that the seedling growth time of the pepper tissue culture seedlings can be shortened, the survival rate of the pepper tissue culture seedlings is improved, the field survival rate of the pepper tissue culture seedlings after 6 months is up to more than 99.0%, the growth quantity of the pepper tissue culture seedlings is accelerated, and the seedling raising cost is reduced. The method for hardening off the tissue culture seedlings of the Chinese prickly ash not only can improve the efficiency of raising the seedlings of the Chinese prickly ash, but also can enhance the adaptability of the seedlings, shorten the forestation time and improve the survival rate of forestation, and can accelerate the progress of the Chinese prickly ash industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, in particular to a method for hardening seedlings of Chinese prickly ash tissue culture seedlings.
Background
The pepper is a small deciduous tree of the genus zanthoxylum in the family Rutaceae, is native in China, is a main spice oil tree species in China, has the characteristics of rich nutrition, unique taste, high medicinal value, strong adaptability and the like, is known as one of the eight-big seasonings, is a common household cooking seasoning, can be used as a seasoning for peel, can extract aromatic oil, can be used as a medicine, can be eaten as seeds, and can also be processed and manufactured into soap. The cultivation history is long, the distribution is very wide, the cultivation is mainly distributed in Jiangsu, sichuan, shaanxi, henan, hebei, shanxi, yunnan and other provinces, the quality of Sichuan yield is good, and the Hebei and Shanxi yields are high.
The Chinese prickly ash has the advantages of simple cultivation and management, strong adaptability, quick growth, abundant results, large benefits, wide application and the like. In recent years, with the development of the country-like industry and the requirement of consolidating and losing effect in rural areas, and the stable market price of the pepper, the cultivation area of the pepper is increased year by year. The pepper becomes a rural special economic tree species. However, due to the fact that the pepper seed hulls are hard, high in oil quality, waterproof and difficult to sprout, the conventional method has uneven seedling quality, and the problems of poor quality, low survival rate, long seedling period, high cost and the like of the pepper seedlings after seedling culture are caused. Along with the expansion of the cultivation area and the planting area of the pepper, a seedling hardening method with high survival rate, short seedling raising period and low cost is needed to be provided by the person in the field so as to provide excellent pepper seedlings and quickly propagate fine variety and strong seedlings.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for hardening seedlings of Chinese prickly ash tissue culture seedlings aiming at the problems. Solves the problems of low survival rate, long seedling period and high cost in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a method for hardening seedlings of Chinese prickly ash tissue culture seedlings, which specifically comprises the following steps:
S1: preparing a matrix, wherein the matrix comprises, by weight, 30% of peat soil, 30% of perlite, 30% of vermiculite and 10% of fresh river mud, sterilizing the matrix by using a disinfectant, fully mixing the matrix, filling the matrix into a 72-hole seedling tray after 24 hours, and watering the matrix by using a sprinkling pot until water seeps out from the bottom holes of the 72-hole seedling tray;
S2: taking the rooted pricklyash peel tissue culture seedling out of the culture flask in the initial stage of cultivation, cleaning the root culture medium of the rooted pricklyash peel tissue culture seedling with clear water, standing in carbendazim aqueous solution for 1 hour, then transplanting into 72-hole seedling culture trays filled with matrixes, and spraying water in an atomizing manner; moving 72-hole seedling raising plug trays full of pepper tissue culture seedlings into a plastic greenhouse, using double-arch sheds in winter to increase the temperature in the greenhouse, covering sunshade nets on the greenhouse, atomizing and spraying water 1 time every 3 hours in the daytime, culturing for 7-10 days, and observing that white pepper tissue culture seedling roots grow out in the bottom holes of the 72 Kong Yomiao plug trays;
S3: transplanting the pepper tissue culture seedling with the bottom of the 72 Kong Yomiao plug tray and the bottom of Kong Changchu percent of the root system in the middle cultivation period; filling the sterilized substrate into a 32-hole seedling raising plug, watering until water seeps out from the bottom holes of the 32-hole seedling raising plug, standing for 24 hours, transplanting the pepper tissue culture seedlings in the 72-hole seedling raising plug into the 32-hole seedling raising plug, and atomizing and spraying water; atomizing and spraying water for 1 time every 4-5 hours in the daytime, enhancing illumination, accelerating growth of tissue culture seedlings, spraying 1000 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for preventing damping-off once during cultivation, and cultivating for 10-15 days;
S4: at the end of cultivation, atomizing and spraying water 1 time every 4-5 hours in the daytime, wherein the atomizing and spraying water comprises water-soluble fertilizer, the illumination intensity is increased, and 1500 times of 30% hymexazol wettable powder is sprayed twice during the period to prevent damping-off at intervals of 7 days; spraying acaricide once when red spider appears, cultivating for 10-15 days to 32 holes, growing white root system in bottom hole of seedling tray, and transplanting cultivated pricklyash peel tissue culture seedling to nutrition pot or garden.
Further, the disinfectant in the step S1 is a potassium permanganate solution with the concentration of 0.3%.
Further, the concentration of the carbendazim aqueous solution in the step S2 is 0.1%.
Further, the sunshade rate of the sunshade net in the step S2 is 95%, the temperature in the greenhouse is 8-32 ℃, and the relative humidity is 75-95%.
Further, the middle cultivation period in the step S3 comprises a front period and a tail period, the sunshade net is uncovered after 30 minutes (18:30) in the early afternoon, the sunshade net is covered in 8 hours (8:00) in the morning, the sunshade net is covered when the sunlight is directly irradiated into the tissue culture seedling in the greenhouse in the tail period, and the sunshade net is uncovered in the rest time.
Further, in the step S3, the temperature in the greenhouse is 8-32 ℃, the relative humidity is 70-85%, and the atomized water spraying water contains urea.
Still further, the urea concentration is 0.1%.
Further, the final cultivation stage in the step S4 comprises a front stage and a rear stage, the front stage is the first 5 days of the final cultivation stage, the sunshade net is covered in 11 (11:00) to 15 (15:00) days of the front stage, and the sunshade net is uncovered in rainy days and the rear stage.
Further, in the step S4, the temperature in the greenhouse is 8-32 ℃, the relative humidity is kept the same as that of the outdoor environment, and the concentration of the water-soluble fertilizer is 0.1%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
The culture medium is added with fresh river mud, and the culture medium and the management method of the initial culture period, the middle culture period and the final culture period of the culture method are adopted to culture the Chinese prickly ash tissue culture seedlings, so that the seedling growth time of the Chinese prickly ash tissue culture seedlings can be shortened, the survival rate of the Chinese prickly ash tissue culture seedlings is improved, the field survival rate of the Chinese prickly ash tissue culture seedlings after 6 months is up to more than 99.0%, the growth quantity of the Chinese prickly ash tissue culture seedlings is accelerated, and the seedling raising cost is reduced. The method for hardening off the tissue culture seedlings of the Chinese prickly ash not only can improve the efficiency of raising the seedlings of the Chinese prickly ash, but also can enhance the adaptability of the seedlings, shorten the forestation time and improve the survival rate of forestation, and can accelerate the progress of the Chinese prickly ash industry.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples in order to make the objects and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The method for hardening off the pepper tissue culture seedlings in the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:
S1: preparing a matrix, namely sterilizing the matrix by using a potassium permanganate disinfectant with the concentration of 0.3% by weight, wherein the matrix comprises 30% of peat soil, 30% of perlite, 30% of vermiculite and 10% of fresh river mud, fully stirring and uniformly mixing the matrix, standing for 24 hours, filling the mixture into a 72-hole seedling tray, and watering the mixture until water seeps out from the bottom holes of the 72-hole seedling tray by using a sprinkling pot;
S2: taking the rooted pricklyash peel tissue culture seedling out of the culture flask in the initial stage of cultivation, cleaning the culture medium at the root of the rooted pricklyash peel tissue culture seedling with clear water, standing in 0.1% carbendazim water solution for 1 hour, then transplanting into 72-hole seedling culture tray with matrix, and spraying water in an atomizing manner; moving 72-hole seedling cultivating trays full of pepper tissue culture seedlings into a plastic greenhouse, and using double-arch sheds in winter to improve the temperature in the greenhouse, covering a sunshade net with a sunshade rate of 95% on the greenhouse, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 8 ℃ and the relative humidity to be 80%; atomizing and spraying water for 1 time every 3 hours in the daytime, culturing for 10 days, and observing that the white pepper tissue culture seedling grows out from the bottom hole of the 72 Kong Yomiao hole tray;
S3: transplanting the pepper tissue culture seedlings in the middle cultivation period when the root systems of the pepper tissue culture seedlings with the aperture disc bottoms of 72 Kong Yomiao and Kong Changchu% are found; placing the sterilized substrate into a 32-hole seedling raising plug tray, watering by a watering pot, standing for 24 hours after water seeps out from the bottom hole of the 32-hole seedling raising plug tray, transplanting the pepper tissue culture seedlings in the 72-hole seedling raising plug tray into the 32-hole seedling raising plug tray, and atomizing and spraying water; controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 32 ℃ and the relative humidity to be 85%, atomizing and spraying water 1 time every 4 hours to 5 hours in the daytime, wherein the concentration of urea in water is 0.1%, uncovering a sunshade net after 30 minutes (18:30) in the early afternoon, covering the sunshade net to strengthen illumination in 8 hours (8:00) in the morning, accelerating the growth of tissue culture seedlings, covering the sunshade net when sunlight in the tail phase directly irradiates the tissue culture seedlings in the greenhouse, uncovering the sunshade net in the rest time, and spraying 1000 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for preventing damping-off once during the cultivation period, and cultivating for 10 days;
S4: at the end of cultivation, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 8 ℃, keeping the relative humidity to be the same as that of the outdoor, spraying water for 1 time every 4-5 hours in the daytime, wherein the water for spraying water in an atomized mode contains water-soluble fertilizer, the concentration of the water-soluble fertilizer is 0.1%, the illumination intensity is increased, the end of cultivation is divided into two stages, namely a front stage and a rear stage, namely the front 5 days, a sunshade net is covered in 11 (11:00) to 15 (15:00) days in sunny days, and the sunshade net is uncovered after the rainy days and the rear stage, namely the 5 days, so that the growth of the Chinese prickly ash tissue culture seedlings is accelerated, and the two-time spraying of 30% hymexazol wettable powder 1500 times liquid is used for preventing damping disease; if red spider appears, spraying acaricide once, cultivating for 15 days to 32 holes, growing white root system in bottom hole of seedling-raising tray, transplanting cultivated pricklyash peel tissue culture seedling to nutrient bowl or garden.
Example 2
The method for hardening off the pepper tissue culture seedlings in the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:
S1: preparing a matrix, wherein the matrix comprises, by weight, 30% peat soil, 30% perlite, 30% vermiculite and 10% fresh river mud, sterilizing the matrix with a potassium permanganate disinfectant with a concentration of 0.3%, fully stirring and uniformly mixing the matrix, standing for 24 hours, loading into a 72-hole seedling culture plug,
Watering by using a watering pot until water seeps out from the bottom holes of the 72-hole seedling tray;
s2: taking the rooted pricklyash peel tissue culture seedling out of the culture flask in the initial stage of cultivation, cleaning the culture medium at the root of the rooted pricklyash peel tissue culture seedling with clear water, standing in 0.1% carbendazim water solution for 1 hour, then transplanting into 72-hole seedling culture tray with matrix, and spraying water in an atomizing manner; moving 72-hole seedling cultivating trays full of pepper tissue culture seedlings into a plastic greenhouse, and using double-arch sheds in winter to improve the temperature in the greenhouse, covering a sunshade net with a sunshade rate of 95% on the greenhouse, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 32 ℃ and the relative humidity to be 75%; atomizing and spraying water for 1 time every 3 hours in the daytime, culturing for 7 days, and observing that the white pepper tissue culture seedling grows out from the bottom hole of the 72 Kong Yomiao hole tray;
S3: transplanting the pepper tissue culture seedlings in the middle cultivation period when the root systems of the pepper tissue culture seedlings with the aperture disc bottoms of 72 Kong Yomiao and Kong Changchu% are found; placing the sterilized substrate into a 32-hole seedling raising plug tray, watering by a watering pot, standing for 24 hours after water seeps out from the bottom hole of the 32-hole seedling raising plug tray, transplanting the pepper tissue culture seedlings in the 72-hole seedling raising plug tray into the 32-hole seedling raising plug tray, and atomizing and spraying water; controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 20 ℃ and the relative humidity to be 75%, atomizing and spraying water 1 time every 4 hours to 5 hours in the daytime, wherein the concentration of urea in water is 0.1%, uncovering a sunshade net in the early afternoon at 30 minutes (18:30), covering the sunshade net in the early afternoon at 8:00 to strengthen illumination, accelerating the growth of tissue culture seedlings, covering the sunshade net when sunlight in the tail phase directly irradiates the tissue culture seedlings in the greenhouse, uncovering the sunshade net in the rest time, and spraying 1000 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for preventing damping disease once in the cultivation period, and cultivating for 13 days;
S4: at the end of cultivation, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 20 ℃, keeping the relative humidity to be the same as that of the outdoor, spraying water for 1 time every 4-5 hours in the daytime, wherein the water for spraying water in an atomized mode contains water-soluble fertilizer, the concentration of the water-soluble fertilizer is 0.1%, the illumination intensity is increased, the end of cultivation is divided into two stages, namely a front stage and a rear stage, namely the front 5 days, a sunshade net is covered in 11 (11:00) to 15 (15:00) days in sunny days, and the sunshade net is uncovered after the rainy days and the rear stage, namely the 5 days, so that the growth of the Chinese prickly ash tissue culture seedlings is accelerated, and the two-time spraying of 30% hymexazol wettable powder 1500 times liquid is used for preventing damping disease; if red spider appears, spraying acaricide once, cultivating for 13 days to 32 holes, growing white root system at bottom hole of seedling tray, transplanting cultivated pricklyash peel tissue culture seedling to nutrition pot or garden.
Example 3
The method for hardening off the pepper tissue culture seedlings in the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:
S1: preparing a matrix, namely sterilizing the matrix by using a potassium permanganate disinfectant with the concentration of 0.3% by weight, wherein the matrix comprises 30% of peat soil, 30% of perlite, 30% of vermiculite and 10% of fresh river mud, fully stirring and uniformly mixing the matrix, standing for 24 hours, filling the mixture into a 72-hole seedling tray, and watering the mixture until water seeps out from the bottom holes of the 72-hole seedling tray by using a sprinkling pot;
S2: taking the rooted pricklyash peel tissue culture seedlings out of a culture bottle at the initial stage of cultivation, washing the culture medium with clear water, standing in 0.1% carbendazim aqueous solution for 1 hour, then transplanting the seedling into a 72-hole seedling culture tray filled with a matrix, and spraying water in an atomizing manner; moving 72-hole seedling cultivating trays full of pepper tissue culture seedlings into a plastic greenhouse, and using double-arch sheds in winter to improve the temperature in the greenhouse, covering a sunshade net with a sunshade rate of 95% on the greenhouse, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 20 ℃ and the relative humidity to be 95%; atomizing and spraying water for 1 time every 3 hours in the daytime, culturing for 9 days, and observing that the white pepper tissue culture seedling grows out from the bottom hole of the 72 Kong Yomiao hole tray;
S3: transplanting the pepper tissue culture seedlings in the middle cultivation period when the root systems of the pepper tissue culture seedlings with the aperture disc bottoms of 72 Kong Yomiao and Kong Changchu% are found; placing the sterilized substrate into a 32-hole seedling raising plug tray, watering by a watering pot, standing for 24 hours after water seeps out from the bottom hole of the 32-hole seedling raising plug tray, transplanting the pepper tissue culture seedlings in the 72-hole seedling raising plug tray into the 32-hole seedling raising plug tray, and atomizing and spraying water; controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 8 ℃ and the relative humidity to be 70%, atomizing and spraying water 1 time every 4 hours to 5 hours in the daytime, wherein the concentration of urea in water is 0.1%, uncovering a sunshade net in the early afternoon at 30 minutes (18:30), covering the sunshade net in the early afternoon at 8:00 so as to enhance illumination, accelerating the growth of tissue culture seedlings, covering the sunshade net when sunlight in the tail phase directly irradiates the tissue culture seedlings in the greenhouse, uncovering the sunshade net in the rest time, and spraying 1000 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for preventing damping-off once in the cultivation period, and cultivating for 15 days;
S4: at the end of cultivation, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 32 ℃, keeping the relative humidity to be the same as that of the outdoor, spraying water for 1 time every 4-5 hours in the daytime, wherein the water for spraying water in an atomized mode contains water-soluble fertilizer, the concentration of the water-soluble fertilizer is 0.1%, the illumination intensity is increased, the end of cultivation comprises a front stage and a rear stage, the front stage is 5 days, the sun-shading net is covered at 11 (11:00) to 15 (15:00) of sunny days, the sun-shading net is uncovered after the front stage in rainy days and the rear stage is 5 days, so that the growth of the tissue culture seedlings of the peppers is accelerated, and 1500 times of liquid of 30% hymexazol wettable powder is sprayed twice in the process for preventing the damping-off, and the spraying time interval is 7 days; if red spider appears, spraying acaricide once, cultivating for 10 days to 32 holes, growing white root system in bottom hole of seedling-raising tray, transplanting cultivated pricklyash peel tissue culture seedling to nutrient bowl or garden.
The hardening-seedling time of the pepper tissue culture seedlings of examples 1-3 is 33-35 days, 9 nutrition bowls and garden fields with the same size and the same substrate soil and fertilizer are respectively selected, the pepper tissue culture seedlings cultivated in examples 1,2 and 3 are respectively divided into 6 groups, 3 groups of the pepper tissue culture seedlings in examples 1-3 are transplanted to the nutrition bowls, and the other 3 groups of the pepper tissue culture seedlings are transplanted to the garden fields for cultivation, and the average survival rate and the growth condition of the pepper tissue culture seedlings are recorded after 6 months, so that the results are shown in the following table.
As can be seen from the recorded data, after transplanting, the survival rate of the pricklyash peel tissue culture seedlings in the nutrition pot after 6 months is up to 97.5%, the seedling height is higher than 31.4cm, and the ground diameter is larger than 7.2mm; the survival rate of the pricklyash peel tissue culture seedlings in the garden is up to more than 99.0%, the seedling height is higher than 55.3cm, and the ground diameter is larger than 8.0mm.
In conclusion, the seedling hardening cultivation is carried out on the Chinese prickly ash tissue culture seedlings by adopting the method disclosed by the invention, so that the seedling stage growth time of the Chinese prickly ash tissue culture seedlings is shortened, the survival rate of the Chinese prickly ash tissue culture seedlings is improved, the field survival rate of the Chinese prickly ash tissue culture seedlings after 6 months is up to more than 99.0%, the growth amount of the Chinese prickly ash tissue culture seedlings is accelerated, and the seedling raising cost is reduced. The method for hardening off the tissue culture seedlings of the Chinese prickly ash not only can improve the efficiency of raising the seedlings of the Chinese prickly ash, but also can enhance the adaptability of the seedlings, shorten the forestation time and improve the survival rate of forestation, and can accelerate the progress of the Chinese prickly ash industry.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for hardening seedlings of Chinese prickly ash tissue culture seedlings is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
S1: preparing a matrix, wherein the matrix comprises, by weight, 30% of peat soil, 30% of perlite, 30% of vermiculite and 10% of fresh river mud, sterilizing the matrix by using a disinfectant, fully mixing the matrix, filling the matrix into a 72-hole seedling tray after 24 hours, and watering until water seeps out from the bottom holes of the 72-hole seedling tray;
s2: at the initial stage of cultivation, cleaning a rooting pricklyash peel tissue culture seedling root culture medium, placing the pricklyash peel tissue culture seedling root culture medium in a carbendazim aqueous solution, standing for 1 hour, then transplanting the pricklyash peel tissue culture seedling root culture medium into a 72-hole seedling tray filled with a matrix, and spraying water in an atomizing manner; moving the 72-hole seedling tray into a greenhouse, wherein the greenhouse is a double-arch greenhouse in winter, the greenhouse is covered with a sunshade net, atomizing and spraying water 1 time every 3 hours in the daytime, and culturing for 7-10 days; the sunshade rate of the sunshade net is 95%, the temperature in the greenhouse is 8-32 ℃, and the relative humidity is 75-95%;
S3: transplanting the pepper tissue culture seedling with the bottom of the 72 Kong Yomiao plug tray and the bottom of Kong Changchu percent of the root system in the middle cultivation period; filling the sterilized substrate into a 32-hole seedling raising plug, watering until water seeps out from the bottom holes of the 32-hole seedling raising plug, standing for 24 hours, transplanting the pepper tissue culture seedlings in the 72-hole seedling raising plug into the 32-hole seedling raising plug, and atomizing and spraying water; atomizing and spraying water 1 time every 4-5 hours in the daytime, enhancing illumination, spraying 1000 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder once during cultivation, and cultivating for 10-15 days; the medium period of cultivation comprises a front period and a tail period, the sunshade net is uncovered after 30 minutes in the afternoon in the front period, the sunshade net is covered in the morning 8 hours, the sunshade net is covered when the sunlight in the tail period is directly irradiated to the tissue culture seedlings in the greenhouse, and the sunshade net is uncovered in the rest time; the temperature in the greenhouse is 8-32 ℃, the relative humidity is 70-85%, and the atomized water spraying water contains urea;
S4: at the end of cultivation, atomizing and spraying water for 1 time every 4-5 hours in the daytime, wherein the atomizing and spraying water comprises water-soluble fertilizer, increasing illumination intensity, and spraying 1500 times of 30% hymexazol wettable powder twice in the middle of the period of 7 days; cultivating for 10-15 days to 32 holes, growing a white root system at the bottom hole of the seedling culture tray, and transplanting the cultivated pricklyash peel tissue culture seedlings to a garden; the final cultivation stage comprises a front stage and a rear stage, wherein the front stage is 5 days, a sunshade net is covered in 11-15 days of the front stage, and the sunshade net is uncovered in rainy days and the rear stage; the temperature in the greenhouse is 8-32 ℃, the relative humidity is kept the same as that of the outdoor greenhouse, and the concentration of the water-soluble fertilizer is 0.1%.
2. The method for hardening off the pepper tissue culture seedling as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the disinfectant in the step S1 is potassium permanganate with the concentration of 0.3 percent.
3. The method for hardening off the pepper tissue culture seedling as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the concentration of the carbendazim aqueous solution in the step S2 is 0.1%.
4. The method for hardening off the pepper tissue culture seedling as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S3, the concentration of urea is 0.1%.
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