CN115466589A - 一种改性环氧树脂灌封结构胶及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种改性环氧树脂灌封结构胶及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN115466589A
CN115466589A CN202211140824.XA CN202211140824A CN115466589A CN 115466589 A CN115466589 A CN 115466589A CN 202211140824 A CN202211140824 A CN 202211140824A CN 115466589 A CN115466589 A CN 115466589A
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毕曙光
黄亮
肖明
冉建华
唐加功
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Wuhan Textile University
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Abstract

本发明涉及环氧树脂改性技术领域,尤其涉及一种改性环氧树脂灌封结构胶及其制备方法。本发明提供了一种改性环氧树脂灌封结构胶,包含质量比为(7~10):2的A组分和B组分;所述A组分包含质量比为(90~110):(20~40)的改性环氧树脂和活性稀释剂;所述B组分包含质量比为(10~30):(1~10)的胺类固化剂和有机硅烷偶联剂。本发明通过化学接枝的方法将聚醚型或聚酯型聚氨酯接枝在环氧树脂上,达到增强增韧环氧树脂的效果。本发明提供的改性环氧树脂灌封结构胶具有黏度低、韧性好、强度高和室温固化的特点,并且工艺简单,能应用于地铁隧道钢环加固以及建筑工程中的裂缝修补等领域。

Description

一种改性环氧树脂灌封结构胶及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及环氧树脂改性技术领域,尤其涉及一种改性环氧树脂灌封结构胶及其制备方法。
背景技术
环氧树脂是一类重要的热固性树脂,其固化物具有良好的力学性能和粘结性能以及收缩率低、成本低等特点,但单纯的环氧树脂固化后,交联密度高,存在内应力大、质地硬脆、抗冲击性差等缺点,很大程度上限制了它的应用。尤其将环氧树脂作为地铁隧道钢环加固灌封结构材料时,需要低黏度、高强度、高韧性的室温固化灌封结构胶以满足地铁隧道的使用要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种可用于地铁隧道钢环加固施工的改性环氧树脂灌封结构胶及其制备方法。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明提供以下技术方案:
本发明提供了一种改性环氧树脂灌封结构胶,包含质量比为(7~10):2的A组分和B组分;
所述A组分包含质量比为(90~110):(20~40)的改性环氧树脂和活性稀释剂;
所述B组分包含质量比为(10~30):(1~10)的胺类固化剂和有机硅烷偶联剂。
优选的,所述改性环氧树脂的制备原料包含如下质量份数的组分:
Figure BDA0003853523380000011
优选的,所述环氧树脂包含双酚A型环氧树脂和/或双酚F型环氧树脂;
所述多元醇包含聚乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、聚四氢呋喃二醇和聚己内酯二醇中的一种或几种;
所述异氰酸酯包含甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、对苯二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和1,6-己二异氰酸酯的一种或几种。
优选的,所述聚乙二醇包含PEG-200、PEG-400、PEG-600、PEG-800、PEG-1000、PEG-1500和PEG-2000中的一种或几种。
优选的,所述改性环氧树脂的制备方法包含如下步骤:
在保护气氛围下,将异氰酸酯和丙酮的混合溶液滴加至多元醇中,待混合溶液滴加完全后再加入环氧树脂进行反应,得到改性环氧树脂。
优选的,所述反应的温度为65~75℃,时间为20~40min。
优选的,所述活性稀释剂包含苄基缩水甘油醚、丁基缩水甘油醚、1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油醚、1,6-己二醇二缩水甘油醚和4,5-环氧四氢邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯中的一种或几种;
所述胺类固化剂包含2,4,6-三(二甲胺4基甲基)苯酚、N-氨乙基哌嗪、异佛尔酮二胺和三乙基四胺中的一种或几种;
所述有机硅烷偶联剂包含3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、N-苯氨基甲基三乙氧基硅和γ-(2,3-环氧丙氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷中的一种或几种。
本发明还提供了所述改性环氧树脂灌封结构胶的制备方法,包含如下步骤:
将改性环氧树脂和活性稀释剂混合后抽真空至无气泡,得到A组分;
将胺类固化剂和有机硅烷偶联剂混合后抽真空至无气泡,得到B组分;
将A组分和B组分混合,得到改性环氧树脂灌封结构胶。
优选的,所述抽真空的真空度独立的为-0.095~-0.1MPa。
优选的,所述混合均在搅拌条件下进行,所述搅拌的转速独立的为500~3000rpm。
在本发明中,异氰酸酯与多元醇合成的两种类型聚氨酯(聚醚型或聚酯型聚氨酯)。其中,异氰酸酯与聚乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、聚四氢呋喃二醇反应合成的聚氨酯为聚醚型;异氰酸酯与聚己内酯二醇合成的聚氨酯为聚酯型。本发明通过化学接枝的方法将聚醚型或聚酯型聚氨酯接枝在环氧树脂上,通过改变软硬链段的比例,达到增强增韧环氧树脂的效果。本发明提供的改性环氧树脂灌封结构胶具有黏度低、韧性好、强度高和室温固化的特点,并且工艺简单,能应用于地铁隧道钢环加固以及建筑工程中的裂缝修补等领域。
附图说明
图1为实施例1~3制备的灌封结构胶的拉伸强度性能测试图;
图2为实施例1~3制备的灌封结构胶的剪切强度性能测试图;
图3为实施例1~3制备的灌封结构胶的压缩强度性能测试图;
图4为实施例1~3制备的灌封结构胶的冲击强度性能测试图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种改性环氧树脂灌封结构胶,包含质量比为(7~10):2的A组分和B组分;
所述A组分包含质量比为(90~110):(20~40)的改性环氧树脂和活性稀释剂;
所述B组分包含质量比为(10~30):(1~10)的胺类固化剂和有机硅烷偶联剂。
在本发明中,A组分和B组分的质量比为(7~10):2,优选为(8~9):2。
在本发明中,改性环氧树脂和活性稀释剂的质量比为(90~110):(20~40),优选为(93~98):(25~35),进一步优选为(95~96):(30~32)。
在本发明中,胺类固化剂和有机硅烷偶联剂的质量比为(10~30):(1~10),优选为(15~25):(2~7),进一步优选为(18~22):(4~5)。
在本发明中,所述改性环氧树脂的制备原料包含如下质量份数的组分:
Figure BDA0003853523380000031
在本发明中,环氧树脂为90~100份,优选为92~98份,进一步优选为94~96份;多元醇为3~7份,优选为4~6份,进一步优选为5份;异氰酸酯为4~11份,优选为6~10份,进一步优选为8~9份;丙酮为10~20份,优选为12~18份,进一步优选为14~16份。
在本发明中,所述改性环氧树脂的制备方法包含如下步骤:
在保护气氛围下,将异氰酸酯和丙酮的混合溶液滴加至多元醇中,待混合溶液滴加完全后再加入环氧树脂进行反应,得到改性环氧树脂。反应原理具体为:异氰酸酯与多元醇反应生成端异氰酸酯基聚氨酯,然后异氰酸酯基与环氧基开环后的羟基反应将聚氨酯接枝在环氧树脂上。
在本发明中,所述保护气氛优选为氮气;所述反应的温度为65~75℃,优选为68~73℃,进一步优选为70~71℃;时间为20~40min,优选为25~35min,进一步优选为28~30min。
本发明还提供了所述改性环氧树脂灌封结构胶的制备方法,包含如下步骤:
将改性环氧树脂和活性稀释剂混合后抽真空至无气泡,得到A组分;
将胺类固化剂和有机硅烷偶联剂混合后抽真空至无气泡,得到B组分;
将A组分和B组分混合,得到改性环氧树脂灌封结构胶。
在本发明中,所述抽真空的真空度独立的为-0.095~-0.1MPa,优选为-0.096~-0.098。
在本发明中,所述混合均在搅拌条件下进行,所述搅拌的转速独立的为500~3000rpm,优选为1000~2500rpm,进一步优选为1500~2000rpm。
下面结合实施例对本发明提供的技术方案进行详细的说明,但是不能把它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
实施例1
改性环氧树脂的制备:称取100份双酚F型环氧树脂(环氧当量160-165)、4.5份1,4-丁二醇、5.9份甲苯二异氰酸酯、10份丙酮。将丙酮和甲苯二异氰酸酯混合溶液在氮气氛围下缓慢滴入装有1,4-丁二醇的三颈烧瓶中,边滴加边搅拌,得到端异氰酸酯基聚醚型聚氨酯预聚体,然后将环氧树脂倒入三颈烧瓶中,70℃下反应30min,最后倒出改性环氧树脂放入真空干燥箱进行抽真空,压力在-0.1MPa,保持1min左右,多次抽真空直至无气泡,即制得改性环氧树脂。
A组分的制备:称取100份改性环氧树脂、30份活性稀释剂苄基缩水甘油醚倒入搅拌器中使其混合均匀。将混合均匀后的A组分放入真空干燥箱中,压力在-0.1MPa,保持1min左右,多次抽真空直至无气泡,即制得A组分。
B组分的制备:称取20份N-氨乙基哌嗪、5份有机硅偶联剂γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷倒入搅拌器中搅拌混合均匀。将混合均匀后的B组分放入真空干燥箱中,压力在-0.1MPa,保持1min左右,多次抽真空直至无气泡,即制得B组分。
将上述A组分和B组分按重量比5:1倒入搅拌器中混合均匀,制得改性环氧树脂灌封结构胶。通过黏度测试可知其在室温下黏度为95.4±5.0mPa·s,在室温下的凝胶时间为89.8±1.0min。力学性能数据见表1:根据ASTM D-638测得固化7天后的拉伸强度强度为51.4±1.0MPa,曲线如附图1所示;根据GB/T 7124-2008测试标准测得固化7天后的剪切强度为21.6±0.5MPa,曲线如附图2所示;根据GB/T 2567-2008测试标准测得固化7天后的压缩强度为89.7±5.0MPa,曲线如附图3所示;根据ASTM D256测试标准测得固化7天后的冲击强度为2638.7±50.0J/m2,曲线如附图4所示。
实施例2
改性环氧树脂的制备:称取100份双酚F型环氧树脂(环氧当量160-165)、4份聚乙二醇(PEG-200)、6.3份甲苯二异氰酸酯、10份丙酮。将丙酮和甲苯二异氰酸酯混合溶液在氮气氛围下缓慢滴入装有聚乙二醇的三颈烧瓶中,边滴加边搅拌,得到端异氰酸酯基聚醚型聚氨酯预聚体,然后将环氧树脂倒入三颈烧瓶中,70℃下反应30min,最后倒出改性环氧树脂放入真空干燥箱进行抽真空,压力在-0.1MPa,保持1min左右,多次抽真空直至无气泡,即制得改性环氧树脂。
A组分的制备:称取100份改性环氧树脂、30份活性稀释剂苄基缩水甘油醚倒入搅拌器中混合均匀。将混合均匀后的A组分放入真空干燥箱中,压力在-0.1MPa,保持1min左右,多次抽真空直至无气泡,即制得A组分。
B组分的制备:称取20份N-氨乙基哌嗪、5份有机硅偶联剂γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷倒入搅拌器中混合均匀。将混合均匀后的B组分放入真空干燥箱中,压力在-0.1MPa,保持1min左右,多次抽真空直至无气泡,即制得B组分。
将上述A组分和B组分按重量比5:1加入搅拌器中搅拌混合均匀,制得改性环氧树脂灌封结构胶。通过黏度测试可知其在室温下黏度为100.4±5.0mPa·s,在室温下的凝胶时间为82.1±1.0min。力学性能数据见表1:根据ASTM D-638测得固化7天后的拉伸强度强度为49.8±1.0MPa,曲线如附图1所示;根据GB/T 7124-2008测试标准测得固化7天后的剪切强度为20.7±0.5MPa,曲线如附图2所示;根据GB/T 2567-2008测试标准测得固化7天后的压缩强度为87.7±5.0MPa,曲线如附图3所示;根据ASTM D256测试标准测得固化7天后的冲击强度为2919.5±50.0J/m2,曲线如附图4所示。
实施例3
改性环氧树脂的制备:称取100份双酚F型环氧树脂(环氧当量160-165)、3.8份聚己内酯二醇、6.6份甲苯二异氰酸酯、10份丙酮。将丙酮和甲苯二异氰酸酯混合溶液在氮气氛围下缓慢滴入装有聚己内酯二醇的三颈烧瓶中,边滴加边搅拌,得到端异氰酸酯基聚酯型聚氨酯预聚体,然后将环氧树脂倒入三颈烧瓶中,70℃下反应30min,最后倒出改性环氧树脂放入真空干燥箱进行抽真空,压力在-0.1MPa,保持1min左右,多次抽真空直至无气泡,即制得改性环氧树脂。
A组分的制备:称取100份改性环氧树脂、30份活性稀释剂苄基缩水甘油醚倒入搅拌器中混合均匀。将混合均匀后的A组分放入真空干燥箱中,压力在-0.1MPa,保持1min左右,多次抽真空直至无气泡,即制得A组分。
B组分的制备:称取20份N-氨乙基哌嗪、5份有机硅偶联剂γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷至搅拌器中搅拌混合均匀。将混合均匀后的B组分放入真空干燥箱中,压力在-0.1MPa,保持1min左右,多次抽真空直至无气泡,即制得B组分。
将上述A组分和B组分按重量比5:1加入搅拌器中混合均匀,制得改性环氧树脂灌封结构胶。通过黏度测试可知其在室温下黏度为94.5±5.0mPa·s,在室温下的凝胶时间为86.3±1.0min。力学性能数据见表1:根据ASTM D-638测得固化7天后的拉伸强度强度为45.4±1.0MPa,曲线如附图1所示;根据GB/T 7124-2008测试标准测得固化7天后的剪切强度为15.1±0.5MPa,曲线如附图2所示;根据GB/T 2567-2008测试标准测得固化7天后的压缩强度为84.0±5.0MPa,曲线如附图3所示;根据ASTM D256测试标准测得固化7天后的冲击强度为2705.4±50.0J/m2,曲线如附图4所示。
对照例:
A组分的制备:称取100份双酚F型环氧树脂(环氧当量160-165)、30份活性稀释剂苄基缩水甘油醚倒入搅拌器中使其混合均匀。将混合均匀后的A组分放入真空干燥箱中,压力在-0.1MPa,保持1min左右,多次抽真空直至无气泡,即制得A组分。
B组分的制备:称取20份N-氨乙基哌嗪、5份有机硅偶联剂γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷倒入搅拌器中搅拌混合均匀。将混合均匀后的B组分放入真空干燥箱中,压力在-0.1MPa,保持1min左右,多次抽真空直至无气泡,即制得B组分。
将上述A组分和B组分按重量比5:1倒入搅拌器中混合均匀,制环氧树脂灌封结构胶。通过黏度测试可知其在室温下黏度为142.5±5.0mPa·s,在室温下的凝胶时间为93.57±1.0min。力学性能数据见表1:根据ASTM D-638测得固化7天后的拉伸强度强度为42.4±1.0MPa,曲线如附图1所示;根据GB/T 7124-2008测试标准测得固化7天后的剪切强度为18.0±0.5MPa,曲线如附图2所示;根据GB/T 2567-2008测试标准测得固化7天后的压缩强度为83.8±5.0MPa,曲线如附图3所示;根据ASTM D256测试标准测得固化7天后的冲击强度为2336.5±50.0J/m2,曲线如附图4所示。
表1实施例1~3和对照例所得产品的力学性能
Figure BDA0003853523380000071
由以上实施例可知,本发明提供的改性环氧树脂灌封结构胶具有黏度低、韧性好、强度高和室温固化的特点。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种改性环氧树脂灌封结构胶,其特征在于,包含质量比为(7~10):2的A组分和B组分;
所述A组分包含质量比为(90~110):(20~40)的改性环氧树脂和活性稀释剂;
所述B组分包含质量比为(10~30):(1~10)的胺类固化剂和有机硅烷偶联剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的改性环氧树脂灌封结构胶,其特征在于,所述改性环氧树脂的制备原料包含如下质量份数的组分:
Figure FDA0003853523370000011
3.根据权利要求2所述的改性环氧树脂灌封结构胶,其特征在于,所述环氧树脂包含双酚A型环氧树脂和/或双酚F型环氧树脂;
所述多元醇包含聚乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、聚四氢呋喃二醇和聚己内酯二醇中的一种或几种;
所述异氰酸酯包含甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、对苯二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和1,6-己二异氰酸酯的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求3所述的改性环氧树脂灌封结构胶,其特征在于,所述聚乙二醇包含PEG-200、PEG-400、PEG-600、PEG-800、PEG-1000、PEG-1500和PEG-2000中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求2~4任意一项所述的改性环氧树脂灌封结构胶,其特征在于,所述改性环氧树脂的制备方法包含如下步骤:
在保护气氛围下,将异氰酸酯和丙酮的混合溶液滴加至多元醇中,待混合溶液滴加完全后再加入环氧树脂进行反应,得到改性环氧树脂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的改性环氧树脂灌封结构胶,其特征在于,所述反应的温度为65~75℃,时间为20~40min。
7.根据权利要求1、2、3、4或6所述的改性环氧树脂灌封结构胶,其特征在于,所述活性稀释剂包含苄基缩水甘油醚、丁基缩水甘油醚、1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油醚、1,6-己二醇二缩水甘油醚和4,5-环氧四氢邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯中的一种或几种;
所述胺类固化剂包含2,4,6-三(二甲胺4基甲基)苯酚、N-氨乙基哌嗪、异佛尔酮二胺和三乙基四胺中的一种或几种;
所述有机硅烷偶联剂包含3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、N-苯氨基甲基三乙氧基硅和γ-(2,3-环氧丙氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷中的一种或几种。
8.权利要求1~7任意一项所述改性环氧树脂灌封结构胶的制备方法,其特征在于,包含如下步骤:
将改性环氧树脂和活性稀释剂混合后抽真空至无气泡,得到A组分;
将胺类固化剂和有机硅烷偶联剂混合后抽真空至无气泡,得到B组分;
将A组分和B组分混合,得到改性环氧树脂灌封结构胶。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述抽真空的真空度独立的为-0.095~-0.1MPa。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述混合均在搅拌条件下进行,所述搅拌的转速独立的为500~3000rpm。
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