CN115462443A - Microbial fermentation feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Microbial fermentation feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115462443A CN115462443A CN202211220906.5A CN202211220906A CN115462443A CN 115462443 A CN115462443 A CN 115462443A CN 202211220906 A CN202211220906 A CN 202211220906A CN 115462443 A CN115462443 A CN 115462443A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a microbial fermentation feed, which is prepared by fermenting a fermentation substrate; the fermentation substrate comprises the following components in parts by mass: 8-10 parts of soybean hull; 18-20 parts of bean dregs; 13-15 parts of corn sugar residues; 7-10 parts of bran; 0.5-1 part of microbial fermentation strain composition; the microbial fermentation strain composition comprises the following components in parts by mass: 12-15 parts of lactic acid bacteria; 20-25 parts of yeast; 4-10 parts of aspergillus oryzae; 15-20 parts of bacillus; 8-12 parts of aspergillus niger. The microbial fermented feed provided by the invention can increase the milk yield of dairy cows, reduce the somatic cell count of milk and ensure better feed digestibility.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of feeds, and in particular relates to a microbial fermentation feed and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In the traditional feed production, natural foods such as corn, bean pulp and bran are usually adopted as raw materials, the natural food raw materials have rich nutrient substances to meet the growth requirements of livestock, but the feed prepared from the natural food raw materials does not have the disease-resistant function, so that antibiotics are usually added in the current livestock breeding process to serve as a mode for preventing livestock diseases. However, the addition of antibiotics can remain in livestock bodies, and the use of meat products containing the antibiotics by human beings can threaten the health of the human beings.
The microbial fermentation feed can solve the above problems. The addition of the probiotics can ensure the stability of intestinal flora of the livestock, improve the gastrointestinal environment of the livestock, and the bacteriocins generated by the probiotics have the functions of sterilization and anti-inflammation, thereby reducing the risk of the livestock suffering from diseases. In addition, the microorganism fermentation can decompose macromolecular substances and anti-nutritional factors, so that the nutrient substances in the feed are easier to absorb, and the generated acid fragrant substances improve the palatability of the feed, reduce the feed conversion ratio in the culture process and improve the economic effect of the culture.
Although the microbial fermented feed can bring the advantages in theory, in practical production application, various raw materials are subjected to microbial fermentation to generate complex physicochemical reactions, and the microbial fermented feed which can solve various problems faces a greater challenge. For example, as the demand for dairy products continues to increase, the demand for milk sources also continues to increase, and it is therefore important to increase milk production and maintain health in dairy cows.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a microbial fermented feed and a preparation method thereof. The microbial fermented feed provided by the invention can increase the milk yield, reduce the number of somatic cells of milk and ensure better feed digestibility after being eaten by dairy cows.
The invention provides a microbial fermentation feed, which is prepared by fermenting a fermentation substrate;
the fermentation substrate comprises the following components in parts by mass:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the microbial fermentation strain composition comprises the following components in parts by mass:
preferably, the fermentation substrate comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10 parts of soybean hull, 20 parts of waste bean dregs, 14 parts of corn sugar dregs, 7 parts of bran and 1 part of microbial fermentation strain composition;
or
The fermentation substrate comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10 parts of soybean hull, 20 parts of waste bean dregs, 14 parts of corn sugar dregs, 7 parts of bran and 0.5 part of microbial fermentation strain composition;
or
The fermentation substrate comprises the following components in parts by mass: 8 parts of soybean hulls, 20 parts of waste bean dregs, 15 parts of corn sugar dregs, 8 parts of bran and 1 part of microbial fermentation strain composition;
or
The fermentation substrate comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10 parts of soybean hulls, 19 parts of waste bean dregs, 13 parts of corn sugar residues, 9 parts of bran and 1 part of microbial fermentation strain composition;
or
The fermentation substrate comprises the following components in parts by mass: 9 parts of soybean hull, 19 parts of waste bean dregs, 14 parts of corn sugar dregs, 9 parts of bran and 1 part of microbial fermentation strain composition;
or
The fermentation substrate comprises the following components in parts by mass: 8 parts of soybean hulls, 18 parts of waste bean dregs, 15 parts of corn sugar dregs, 10 parts of bran and 1 part of microbial fermentation strain composition; 0.025 parts of feeding yeast powder and 0.025 parts of lactobacillus powder;
or
The fermentation substrate comprises the following components in parts by mass: 9 parts of soybean hull, 18 parts of waste bean dregs, 14 parts of corn sugar dregs, 10 parts of bran and 1 part of microbial fermentation strain composition; 0.025 parts of feeding yeast powder and 0.025 parts of lactobacillus powder.
Preferably, the fermentation substrate further comprises: yeast powder and lactobacillus powder for feeding.
Preferably, the fermentation substrate further comprises:
0.024 to 0.026 portion of yeast powder for feeding;
0.024 to 0.026 portion of lactobacillus powder.
Preferably, the fermentation substrate further comprises:
0.025 parts of yeast powder for feeding;
0.025 parts of lactobacillus powder.
Preferably, the water content of the fermentation substrate is 45wt% -50 wt%.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the microbial fermentation feed in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
a) Aerobic fermentation:
stacking the fermentation base materials for aerobic fermentation, starting timing when the temperature of a material pile reaches 35-40 ℃, fully turning to the material pile after the temperature of the material pile reaches 45-50 ℃, and fermenting for 46-50 hours to obtain an aerobic fermentation material;
b) Anaerobic fermentation:
and carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the aerobic fermentation material for 46-50 h to obtain the microbial fermentation feed.
Preferably, step b) specifically comprises: and (3) filling the aerobic fermentation material into a package with a breather valve, placing the package in a shady and ventilated environment for anaerobic fermentation for 46-50 h to obtain the microbial fermentation feed.
Preferably, in step a), the fermentation is carried out for 48 hours.
Preferably, in step b), the fermentation is carried out for 48 hours.
The soybean hull, the bean dregs, the corn sugar dregs, the bran and the microbial fermentation strain composition are matched according to a certain proportion to serve as a fermentation substrate, wherein the microbial fermentation strain composition is formed by matching lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes, aspergillus oryzae, bacillus and aspergillus niger according to a certain proportion, the materials are fermented, the generation of harmful bacteria can be inhibited in the fermentation process, and after the milk cow eats the fermented soybean hull, the gastrointestinal environment can be improved, the absorption of feed can be promoted, the milk yield can be increased, and the economic effect of breeding can be improved.
Test results show that the fermented feed can increase the milk yield of dairy cows by more than 6.9 percent, reduce the number of somatic cells by more than 0.9 ten thousand/mL, has the feed conversion rate of more than 94 percent, can effectively improve the milk yield of the dairy cows, reduce the number of the somatic cells of the dairy cows, enhance the immunity of the dairy cows and keep higher feed conversion rate.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a microbial fermentation feed, which is prepared by fermenting a fermentation substrate;
the fermentation substrate comprises the following components in parts by mass:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the microbial fermentation strain composition comprises the following components in parts by mass:
in the invention, the fermentation substrate comprises fermentation materials and fermentation strains, wherein the first 4 types are fermentation materials, and the last 1 type is fermentation strains.
In the invention, the fermentation substrate comprises soybean hulls. The soybean hull is the leftovers of the peeling process in the soybean oil pressing process, and is obtained by crushing the soybean hull to 40-60 meshes by a crusher; the main components are cell wall and cellulose, the crude fiber content is 36 percent, the crude protein content is 9 percent, and the lignin content is less than or equal to 2 percent; in addition, soybean hulls contain a large amount of anti-nutritional factors, urease, trypsin inhibitors, soybean agglutinin, and the like. The soybean hull is directly used as the feed, the anti-nutritional factors contained in the soybean hull are not easy to be absorbed by animals, and the soybean hull is directly used as the ruminant feed, so that the economic value is low. The invention adopts soybean hull as the component of the fermentation substrate, and the soybean hull is matched with other components to obtain beneficial microbial fermentation feed through a fermentation process. In the present invention, the amount of the soybean hull is 8 to 10 parts, specifically 8 parts, 9 parts, 10 parts, and more preferably 10 parts.
In the invention, the fermentation substrate also comprises bean dregs, namely waste bean dregs. The soybean dregs are soybean fibers left after production of the separated protein and deproteinization through an alkali-dissolving acid-precipitating process after degreasing and peeling, the water content is rich, the yield of wet soybean dregs in China is higher than 2 million tons according to incomplete statistics, most of the soybean dregs are directly thrown away as wastes, the utilization rate is extremely low, the resource waste is caused, and the environmental pollution is also caused. The invention adopts the bean dregs as the fermentation substrate component, and the bean dregs are matched with other components to be fermented by a fermentation process, so that beneficial microbial fermentation feed can be obtained. The bean dregs have rich water content, and the invention adopts the bean dregs as the fermentation bottom material component, so that no additional water is needed in the process of feed fermentation production. In the invention, the amount of the bean dregs is 18-20 parts, specifically 18 parts, 19 parts and 20 parts, and more preferably 20 parts.
In the invention, the fermentation substrate also comprises corn sugar residues. The corn sugar residue is a product of absorbing protein and fat in sugar solution by using diatomite in the production process of high fructose corn syrup. The main component of the feed is diatomite which has high ash content and can be directly used as feed, and the diatomite can not be utilized and absorbed by animals, so that the utilization rate of the feed is reduced. The corn sugar residue is used as a fermentation substrate component, and is matched with other components to obtain the beneficial microbial fermentation feed through a fermentation process. In the invention, the using amount of the corn sugar residues is 13-15 parts, specifically 13 parts, 14 parts and 15 parts, and more preferably 14 parts.
In the invention, the fermentation substrate also comprises bran. In the invention, the amount of the bran is 7-10 parts, specifically 7 parts, 8 parts, 9 parts and 10 parts, and more preferably 7 parts.
In the invention, the fermentation substrate also comprises a microbial fermentation strain composition. In the present invention, the amount of the microbial fermentation strain composition is 0.5 to 1 part, specifically 0.5 part, 0.6 part, 0.7 part, 0.8 part, 0.9 part, 1 part, and more preferably 1 part.
In the invention, the microbial fermentation strain composition comprises the following components in parts by mass:
in the prior art, a plurality of strains are adopted, the 5 strains are matched in a certain proportion to serve as fermentation strains, the specific fermentation substrate is fermented, the obtained feed can increase the milk yield of the dairy cow, reduce the somatic cell number of the milk, and ensure better feed digestibility. Mold and Bacillus subtilis fermentations produce a poor taste, they hydrolyze large molecular proteins to produce hydrophobic small peptides with a bitter taste, and also produce Maillard reactions, and if the fermentation is over-fermented, ammonia odor. The yeast and the lactic acid bacteria are mycoprotein, and although the capability of producing protease is relatively weak, the yeast can provide rich B vitamins, carotene and enzymes and also produce fragrance, so that the palatability of the feed is improved. The lactobacillus can decompose and utilize stachyose, raffinose, etc., reduce activity of trypsin inhibitor, generate organic acid, and retain a certain sour flavor. The 5 strains are combined together according to a certain proportion, the specific fermentation substrate is fermented, and the obtained feed can promote the growth and development of the bred animals and is beneficial to the animals to eat.
Wherein, the sources of the lactobacillus, the yeast, the aspergillus oryzae, the bacillus and the aspergillus niger are not specially limited, and the lactobacillus, the yeast, the aspergillus oryzae, the bacillus and the aspergillus niger are conventional commercial products. Wherein the usage amount of the lactobacillus can be 12 parts, 13 parts, 14 parts and 15 parts. The amount of the yeast is 20 parts, 21 parts, 22 parts, 23 parts, 24 parts and 25 parts. The using amount of the aspergillus oryzae can be 4 parts, 5 parts, 6 parts, 7 parts, 8 parts, 9 parts and 10 parts. The using amount of the bacillus can be 15 parts, 16 parts, 17 parts, 18 parts, 19 parts and 20 parts. The amount of the aspergillus niger is 8 parts, 9 parts, 10 parts, 11 parts and 12 parts. In the present invention, most preferably, the microbial fermentation broth composition comprises: 15 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 20 parts of saccharomycetes, 5 parts of aspergillus oryzae, 15 parts of bacillus and 10 parts of aspergillus niger. In the present invention, the preparation method of the microbial fermentation strain composition is not particularly limited, and the above 5 strains are mixed uniformly and previously compounded to form a uniform strain composition.
In the present invention, the fermentation substrate preferably further comprises: yeast powder and lactobacillus powder for feeding. The feed yeast powder is preferably 0.024-0.026 parts, specifically 0.024 parts, 0.025 parts and 0.026 parts, more preferably 0.025 parts. The amount of the lactic acid bacteria powder is preferably 0.024-0.026 parts, specifically 0.024 parts, 0.025 parts, and 0.026 parts, more preferably 0.025 parts. The microbial fermentation strain is a product which is well compounded in advance, substances which can be utilized by microorganisms in soybean hulls, wheat bran, bean dregs and sugar residues are few, the microbial fermentation strain possibly has the risk that the colony count is difficult to increase in the early stage due to low nutrient elements, and the feed yeast powder and the lactic acid bacteria powder are additionally added, so that the feed fermentation effect is favorably ensured.
In the invention, the water content of the fermentation substrate is preferably 45wt% -50 wt%, and specifically can be 45wt%, 46wt%, 47wt%, 48wt%, 49wt%, 50wt%; control is favorable to promoting the microorganism to grow the fermentation under above-mentioned water content scope, if the water content is low excessively, then the microorganism does not have sufficient moisture utilization, can restrain the growth of microorganism, if the water content is too high, then the easy blocking of fodder, the space diminishes between the fodder, is unfavorable for the heat dissipation, causes the material temperature too high, can restrain the microorganism and grow. In the invention, the water content is introduced from the water content of the bean dregs, and the control is carried out by the matching proportion of the water content of the bean dregs and other fermentation base material components.
In one embodiment of the invention, the contents of the components in the fermentation substrate are as follows: 10 parts of soybean hull, 20 parts of waste bean dregs, 14 parts of corn sugar dregs, 7 parts of bran and 1 part of microbial fermentation strain composition. In another embodiment of the invention, the contents of the components in the fermentation substrate are as follows: 10 parts of soybean hull, 20 parts of waste bean dregs, 14 parts of corn sugar dregs, 7 parts of bran and 0.5 part of microbial fermentation strain composition. In another embodiment of the invention, the contents of the components in the fermentation substrate are as follows: 8 parts of soybean hulls, 20 parts of waste bean dregs, 15 parts of corn sugar dregs, 8 parts of bran and 1 part of microbial fermentation strain composition. In another embodiment of the invention, the contents of the components in the fermentation substrate are as follows: 10 parts of soybean hull, 19 parts of waste bean dregs, 13 parts of corn sugar dregs, 9 parts of bran and 1 part of microbial fermentation strain composition. In another embodiment of the invention, the contents of the components in the fermentation substrate are as follows: 9 parts of soybean hull, 19 parts of waste bean dregs, 14 parts of corn sugar dregs, 9 parts of bran and 1 part of microbial fermentation strain composition. In another embodiment of the invention, the contents of the components in the fermentation substrate are as follows: 8 parts of soybean hulls, 18 parts of waste bean dregs, 15 parts of corn sugar dregs, 10 parts of bran and 1 part of microbial fermentation strain composition; 0.025 parts of feeding yeast powder and 0.025 parts of lactobacillus powder. In another embodiment of the invention, the contents of the components in the fermentation substrate are as follows: 9 parts of soybean hull, 18 parts of waste bean dregs, 14 parts of corn sugar dregs, 10 parts of bran and 1 part of microbial fermentation strain composition; 0.025 parts of feeding yeast powder and 0.025 parts of lactobacillus powder.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the microbial fermentation feed in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
a) Aerobic fermentation:
stacking the fermentation substrate for aerobic fermentation, starting timing when the temperature of the material pile reaches 35-40 ℃, fully turning to the material pile after the temperature of the material pile reaches 45-50 ℃, and fermenting for 46-50 hours to obtain an aerobic fermentation material;
b) Anaerobic fermentation:
and carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the aerobic fermentation material for 46-50 h to obtain the microbial fermentation feed.
The composition of the fermentation substrate is the same as that in the above technical scheme, and is not described in detail herein.
In the step a), soybean hulls, waste bean dregs, corn sugar residues and bran are uniformly mixed to obtain a fermented material; uniformly mixing lactobacillus, yeast, aspergillus oryzae, bacillus and aspergillus niger to obtain a microbial fermentation strain composition; then the fermentation product and the microorganism zymocyte composition are mixed according to a certain proportion, the water content is ensured to be 45-50 percent, and then the mixture is piled up for fermentation. The stacking is preferably tapered. Measuring the temperature of the material pile in the aerobic fermentation process, starting timing when the temperature of the material pile reaches 35-40 ℃, continuously monitoring the temperature during the fermentation, fully turning over the material pile when the temperature of the material pile reaches 45-50 ℃, and fermenting for 46-50 hours. Wherein the timing temperature is 35 deg.C, 36 deg.C, 37 deg.C, 38 deg.C, 39 deg.C, and 40 deg.C. The temperature for starting turning the material pile can be 45 deg.C, 46 deg.C, 47 deg.C, 48 deg.C, 49 deg.C, and 50 deg.C. The fermentation time can be 46h, 47h, 48h, 49h, 50h, and 48h is more preferable. The fermentation time is calculated from the start timing. After fermentation, the aerobic fermentation material is obtained.
In the step b), anaerobic fermentation is carried out on the aerobic fermentation material obtained in the step a). Specifically, the aerobic fermentation material is filled into a package with a breather valve, and placed in a shady and ventilated environment for anaerobic fermentation for 46-50 h to obtain the microbial fermentation feed. The fermentation time may be 46h, 47h, 48h, 49h, 50h, and more preferably 48h. And fermenting to obtain the microbial fermented feed.
According to the invention, the soybean hull, the bean dregs, the corn sugar dregs, the bran and the microbial fermentation strain composition are matched according to a certain proportion to be used as a fermentation substrate, wherein the microbial fermentation strain composition is formed by matching lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes, aspergillus oryzae, bacillus and aspergillus niger according to a certain proportion, the materials are fermented, the generation of harmful bacteria can be inhibited in the fermentation process, and the gastrointestinal environment can be improved and the absorption of feed can be promoted after the dairy cow eats the microbial fermentation strain composition; the disease prevention and resistance of the dairy cows are improved; and the milk yield is increased, and the economic effect of cultivation is improved. In addition, the preparation method is simple, has low cost and is convenient for realizing large-scale industrial production.
Test results show that the fermented feed can increase the milk yield of dairy cows by more than 6.9 percent, reduce the number of somatic cells by more than 0.9 ten thousand/mL, has the feed conversion rate of more than 94 percent, can effectively improve the milk yield of the dairy cows, reduce the number of the somatic cells of the dairy cows, enhance the immunity of the dairy cows and keep higher feed conversion rate.
For a further understanding of the present invention, reference will now be made to the following preferred embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the examples, but it is to be understood that the description is intended to further illustrate the features and advantages of the invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the claims which follow.
In the following examples, lactic acid bacteria (in the form of powdered lactic acid bacteria) were purchased from Shandong Probiotics science and technology, inc., and supplemented with the same lactic acid bacteria powder as in the respective examples. Yeast (product form is yeast powder) was purchased from Xinjiang Probiotics, inc., as the same yeast powder as used in the respective examples. Aspergillus oryzae was purchased from Jinan Jin Yuyuan Biotechnology, inc. Bacillus was purchased from Jinan Jin Yuyuan Biotechnology, inc. Aspergillus niger was purchased from Shandong Changtai Biotech, inc.
Example 1
1. Raw materials:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the microbial zymophyte composition comprises the following components:
2. preparation:
s1, uniformly mixing the soybean hulls, the waste bean dregs, the corn sugar dregs and the bran to obtain a fermented material.
Mixing lactobacillus, yeast, aspergillus oryzae, bacillus and Aspergillus niger to obtain the microbial fermentation strain composition.
S2, adding the microbial fermentation strain composition into the fermentation material, uniformly stirring, ensuring that the water content is about 48%, stacking into a cone shape for aerobic fermentation, measuring the temperature of a material pile in the fermentation process, starting timing when the temperature reaches 40 ℃, observing the temperature in the fermentation period, fully turning over the material pile when the temperature reaches 50 ℃, and fermenting for 48 hours to obtain the aerobic fermentation material.
S3, the obtained aerobic fermentation material is filled into a packaging bag with a breather valve for anaerobic fermentation, and the wrapped feed is placed in a cool and ventilated environment for fermentation for 48 hours to obtain the microbial fermentation feed.
Example 2
1. Raw materials:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the microbial zymophyte composition comprises the following components:
2. preparation: the same as in example 1.
Example 3
1. Raw materials:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the microbial zymophyte composition comprises the following components:
2. preparation: the same as in example 1.
Example 4
1. Raw materials:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the microbial zymophyte composition comprises the following components:
2. preparation: the same as in example 1.
Example 5
1. Raw materials:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the microbial zymophyte composition comprises the following components:
2. preparation: the same as in example 1.
Example 6
1. Raw materials:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the microbial zymophyte composition comprises the following components:
2. preparation:
s1, uniformly mixing the soybean hulls, the waste bean dregs, the corn sugar dregs and the bran to obtain a fermented material.
Mixing lactobacillus, yeast, aspergillus oryzae, bacillus and Aspergillus niger to obtain the microbial fermentation strain composition.
S2, adding the microbial fermentation strain composition, the feeding yeast powder and the lactic acid bacteria powder into the fermentation material, uniformly stirring, ensuring that the water content is about 48%, stacking into a cone shape for aerobic fermentation, measuring the temperature of a material pile in the fermentation process, starting timing when the temperature reaches 40 ℃, observing the temperature in the fermentation period, fully turning over the material pile when the temperature reaches 50 ℃, and fermenting for 48 hours to obtain the aerobic fermentation material.
S3, filling the obtained aerobic fermentation material into a packaging bag with a breather valve for anaerobic fermentation, placing the packaged feed in a cool ventilating environment, and fermenting for 48 hours to obtain the microbial fermentation feed.
Example 7
1. Raw materials:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the microbial zymophyte composition comprises the following components:
2. preparation: the same as in example 6.
Example 8: feeding test
And (3) testing: the test method is characterized in that the test method is divided into 8 groups according to examples 1-7 and comparative example 1, each group comprises 3 repetitions, each repetition comprises 10 lactating cows, each group comprises 30 lactating cows, and the lactating cows used for the test are the same cows with the same birth day age, the weights of the cows are approximately the same, 620 +/-10 kg and the milk yield of 29.9 +/-0.1 kg, and the test time is 75 days.
The test method comprises the following steps: the whole feeding experiment was divided into three phases (as shown in table 3), a transition phase (16 days), a stabilization phase (29 days) and a fortification phase (30 days) for 75 days. During feeding, the fermented feed of the dairy cattle is used for replacing part of concentrate supplement, and the components of other raw materials are unchanged, so that the nutritional indexes of TMR of an experimental group and a control group are kept consistent, water is freely drunk, and automatic milking is realized.
The feed is a pasture ingredient, the TMR composition and the nutritional index of the feed are shown in table 1, the TMR composition and the nutritional index are raw material compositions and nutritional indexes of high-yield TMR in a Benxin pasture, and the standard nutritional requirement of each cattle is taken as an accounting standard in the pasture.
Table 1: high-yield TMR composition and nutritional index for pasture
In the above feeding, concentrate supplement was provided by Ili group, and specific nutritional indexes are shown in Table 2.
The nutritional indicators of the fermented cow feed obtained in example 1 are also shown in table 2.
Table 2: concentrate supplement nutritional indicator
Note: the index of the fermented feed part of the dairy cow is a theoretical calculated value.
See table 3 for experimental stage and protocol details:
table 3: detailed description of the Experimental phases and protocols
The transitional period is divided into three stages, wherein 0.5kg of cow fermented feed is used for replacing 0.4kg of concentrate supplement in the first stage, 0.9kg of concentrate supplement is replaced by 1kg of cow fermented feed in the second stage, and 1.3kg of concentrate supplement is replaced by 1.5kg of cow fermented feed in the third stage;
the stable period is the recommended dosage of the fermented feed product of the dairy cattle, and 2kg of fermented feed of the dairy cattle is used for replacing 1.7kg of concentrate supplement;
the reinforcement period is a reinforcement experiment performed for verifying the substitution degree of the fermented dairy cow feed for the concentrate supplement under the condition that the data in the stabilization period are not abnormal, and 3kg of the fermented dairy cow feed is used for substituting 2.7kg of the concentrate supplement;
the control TMR formulation remained unchanged.
See tables 4-5 for test results:
table 4: test results of milk yield of lactating cows
As can be seen from the test results in Table 4, the feed of examples 1 to 7 can significantly increase the milk yield of the lactating cows, and compared with the control group, the feed of examples 1 to 7 has a significant increase in the milk yield of the lactating cows, and the increase in the milk yield is beneficial to realizing a higher economic effect of feeding the cows.
Table 5: changes in performance during feeding of lactating cows
As can be seen from the test results in Table 5, the feeds of examples 1-7 significantly reduced the number of somatic cells in lactating cows and increased the digestibility of the feeds. The somatic cell number of milk is the total number of cells in per milliliter of milk, most of the cells are white blood cells, and generally comprise macrophages, lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear neutrophils, a small amount of mammary tissue epithelial cells and the like, the somatic cell number of the milk reflects the quality of the milk and the health condition of the milk, and generally, the somatic cell number of the milk is considered to cause obvious adverse effects on the breeding of the milk, the production of the milk, the diet health and the like when the somatic cell content in the milk exceeds 50 ten thousand/mL. The feed of examples 1-7 reduces the number of somatic cells of lactating cows, indicating that the addition of the biologically fermented feed can reduce the number of somatic cells of cows, enhance the immunity of cows, and have a positive effect on improving the quality of milk and the health of herds.
The feed digestibility is a simple index for estimating the digestibility through the change of the feed intake and the body weight, and as can be seen from table 5, the average feed conversion rates of the experimental group and the control group are all over 94 percent, and no obvious difference exists, which indicates that the feed conversion rate of the cattle group cannot be adversely affected by replacing concentrate supplement with biological feed.
The test results in tables 4-5 show that the fermented feed can increase the milk yield of the dairy cow by more than 6.9%, reduce the somatic cell number by more than 0.9 ten thousand/mL, improve the feed conversion rate by more than 94%, effectively improve the milk yield of the dairy cow, reduce the somatic cell number of the dairy cow, enhance the immunity of the dairy cow and keep the high feed conversion rate.
The foregoing examples are included merely to facilitate an understanding of the principles of the invention and their core concepts, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims and may include other embodiments that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other embodiments are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that approximate the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A microbial fermentation feed is characterized in that the microbial fermentation feed is prepared by fermenting a fermentation substrate;
the fermentation base material comprises the following components in parts by mass:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the microbial fermentation strain composition comprises the following components in parts by mass:
2. the microbial fermented feed according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation substrate comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10 parts of soybean hull, 20 parts of waste bean dregs, 14 parts of corn sugar dregs, 7 parts of bran and 1 part of microbial fermentation strain composition;
or
The fermentation substrate comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10 parts of soybean hull, 20 parts of waste bean dregs, 14 parts of corn sugar residues, 7 parts of bran and 0.5 part of microbial fermentation strain composition;
or
The fermentation substrate comprises the following components in parts by mass: 8 parts of soybean hulls, 20 parts of waste bean dregs, 15 parts of corn sugar dregs, 8 parts of bran and 1 part of microbial fermentation strain composition;
or
The fermentation substrate comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10 parts of soybean hull, 19 parts of waste bean dregs, 13 parts of corn sugar dregs, 9 parts of bran and 1 part of microbial fermentation strain composition;
or
The fermentation substrate comprises the following components in parts by mass: 9 parts of soybean hull, 19 parts of waste bean dregs, 14 parts of corn sugar dregs, 9 parts of bran and 1 part of microbial fermentation strain composition;
or
The fermentation substrate comprises the following components in parts by mass: 8 parts of soybean hulls, 18 parts of waste bean dregs, 15 parts of corn sugar dregs, 10 parts of bran and 1 part of microbial fermentation strain composition; 0.025 parts of feeding yeast powder and 0.025 parts of lactobacillus powder;
or
The fermentation base material comprises the following components in parts by mass: 9 parts of soybean hull, 18 parts of waste bean dregs, 14 parts of corn sugar dregs, 10 parts of bran and 1 part of microbial fermentation strain composition; 0.025 parts of feeding yeast powder and 0.025 parts of lactobacillus powder.
3. The microbial fermented feed according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fermentation substrate further comprises: yeast powder for feeding and lactobacillus powder.
4. The microbial fermented feed according to claim 3, wherein the fermentation substrate further comprises:
0.024 to 0.026 portion of yeast powder for feeding;
0.024-0.026 parts of lactobacillus powder.
5. The microbial fermented feed according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the fermentation substrate further comprises:
0.025 parts of yeast powder for feeding;
0.025 parts of lactobacillus powder.
6. The microbial fermented feed according to claim 1, wherein the water content of the fermentation substrate is 45wt% to 50wt%.
7. A method for producing a microbial fermented feed according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
a) Aerobic fermentation:
stacking the fermentation substrate for aerobic fermentation, starting timing when the temperature of the material pile reaches 35-40 ℃, fully turning to the material pile after the temperature of the material pile reaches 45-50 ℃, and fermenting for 46-50 hours to obtain an aerobic fermentation material;
b) Anaerobic fermentation:
and carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the aerobic fermentation material for 46-50 h to obtain the microbial fermentation feed.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein step b) comprises in particular: and (3) filling the aerobic fermentation material into a package with a breather valve, placing the package in a shady and ventilated environment for anaerobic fermentation for 46-50 h to obtain the microbial fermentation feed.
9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the fermentation is carried out for 48 hours in step a).
10. The method according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the fermentation is carried out for 48 hours in the step b).
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