CN115448463A - Method for in-situ treatment of river and lake pollution through intervention succession of submerged plants - Google Patents
Method for in-situ treatment of river and lake pollution through intervention succession of submerged plants Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for in-situ treatment of river and lake pollution by intervention succession of submerged plants, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: when the river and lake ecology is treated, the competitive exclusion characteristic among ecological niche overlapping species is applied, firstly, the stem grasses are used for reducing the influence salt in the water body, after the water quality of the water body reaches a certain standard, the abundance of the stem grasses is reduced in stages on the premise of improving the water quality, the abundance of species of the base grasses is improved, the structure of submerged plant communities is improved, finally, a clear water type steady-state water ecological system taking the base grasses as the construction species and the stem grasses as the associated species is formed, and the treatment of the natural water body is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a water body pollution treatment method, in particular to a method for carrying out intervention succession on submerged plants to carry out in-situ treatment on river and lake pollution, belonging to the field of water environment ecological restoration.
Background
During the growth process of the submerged plants, on one hand, the water quality can be directly purified through absorption to reduce the suspension of sediments in the water body, and on the other hand, the algae growth is directly inhibited through secreting allelochemicals; the reconstruction and restoration of the submerged plant are widely applied to ecological restoration of shallow river lakes. Submerged plants are divided into a crown type submerged plant and a lotus-seat type submerged plant according to different forms, the crown type submerged plant has a wide light adaptation range and often forms a compact crown layer on the water surface, the plants are generally undeveloped in root system or non-rooted plants, are tillering propagation, such as hydrilla verticillata, goldfish algae, spicate foxtail algae and the like, and belong to stem-growing grass; the lotus-base type submerged plants generally have developed root systems, can better inhibit sediments from releasing nutritive salts, have strong water quality purification capacity, and are very important for maintaining the stability of the community structure of a water body ecosystem, such as the bittersweet, the malus igniarius and the like, and the plants mainly breed by plants and are basal grasses.
Due to its strong growing power and wide adaptability to illumination intensity, the grass is generally used as a pioneer species in river and lake ecological restoration, but the plants tend to grow freely and form a dense canopy near the water surface, so that the water body is swamped.
How to scientifically utilize the water purification advantages of the stem grasses, and through manual regulation and control means, on the premise of improving water quality, the abundance of the stem grasses is gradually reduced, the variety abundance of the basal grasses is improved, the structure of submerged plant communities is improved, and the clear water type steady-state effect is enlarged, which is a technical problem to be solved by researchers in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: provides a method for intervening and carrying out in-situ treatment on river and lake pollution by submerged plants. The method utilizes the characteristics of high growth and propagation speed, strong water quality purification capacity, capability of absorbing a large amount of nutritive salt in the water body, wide illumination application range and the like of the stem growing grass, and utilizes the interspecific competition among the ecological niches of the basal growing grass to replace the stem growing grass in the water body, thereby achieving the final purposes of purifying the water body, simple and convenient management and maintenance and stable plant community structure.
The method for the submerged plant intervention succession in-situ treatment of river and lake pollution is characterized by comprising the following steps: when ecological management is carried out on rivers and lakes, competitive exclusion characteristics among ecological niche overlapping species are applied, firstly, the stem grasses are used for reducing influence salt in a water body, and after the water quality of the water body reaches a certain standard, the stem grasses of the same ecological niche are gradually replaced by the base grasses by utilizing the overlapping of water temperature and water depth level ecological niches; reducing the abundance of the stem grasses by stages, improving the abundance of the species of the basal grasses, improving the structure of the submerged plant community, finally forming a clear water type stable water ecosystem taking the basal grasses as the colonization species and the stem grasses as the associated species, and achieving the treatment of the natural water body.
Furthermore, the plant rotation replacement and planting technology for promoting the natural water bodies of rivers and lakes to use the basal grasses as the population seeds is characterized in that: planting and managing coronally growing stem grasses and basal grasses in a water body to be restored in three stages;
the first stage is as follows: planting coronally growing stem growing grass in a natural water body to be restored in a mode of combining seeding planting and cuttage;
(1) Planting and managing first-year stem growing grass
Planting stem growing grass: the density of the water to be restored is 0.010-0.015kg/m in a water depth area with the ratio Ts of the transparency of the water to be restored to the water depth of 0.6-0.8 within 2-3 months 2 Sowing winter buds of hydrilla verticillata, planting elodea nutans by cuttage at the beginning of 3 months, and planting stalked aquatic weeds such as hydrilla verticillata, lagochilus aquatica, goldfish algae, watermifoil, small arrowhead algae and the like by cuttage in the middle ten days of 5 months; and covering the underwater area with Ts more than 0.38 by a submerged plant full-spread planting mode during planting.
And (3) stem growing grass management: harvesting the elodea nuttallii in the middle and last ten days of the current 6 months, so that the harvested elodea nuttallii plants are not higher than 10cm; paying attention to the survival conditions of other submerged plants in 7-8 months and timely replanting;
and a second stage:
(1) After the population of the stem-growing plants is stable, maintaining the harvesting strength of 20 percent for 5-9 months every year, and harvesting the canopy of the stem-growing aquatic weeds in time to keep the aquatic weeds growing above 50cm below the water surface; meanwhile, the total nitrogen and the transparency of the water body in the range of the river and lake are tracked, monitored and repaired, and the monitoring frequency is once a month;
(2) After the water quality reaches the total nitrogen content of less than 2mg/L and Ts is more than 0.5 and the water quality is obviously purified, the harvesting strength of the stem growing grass is enhanced in the repaired water body, and then the basic growing grass is introduced for planting so as to gradually replace the stem growing grass in the water body;
(3) Catching wild trash fish and Procambarus clarkii: from 5 months, placing 200-300 land cages with the length of 8-10 meters and the specification of 5-6 fingers per 100 mu for catching wild trash fish and Procambarus clarkii, controlling the number of the aquatic animals, and harvesting the cages once every 48 hours and 2 times a month;
(4) And (3) cleaning the stem growing grass: and (3) cleaning various stem growing grass planted in the water body by connecting roots in 6 months: the cleaning intensity of the hydrilla verticillata, the small arrowhead algae and the golden fish algae communities is 60 percent;
(5) Planting and managing basal grasses: synchronously throwing the basic grass while cleaning the stem grass; the harvesting strength of the stem growing grass is enhanced, and the stem growing grass canopy layer is controlled to be 1m below the water surface all the time, so that sufficient illumination is provided for the growth and the propagation of the basal growing grass, developed competitive advantage is provided for the basal growing grass, and the growth of the stem growing grass is inhibited;
(6) And (4) continuing to perform water quality tracking monitoring: tracking and monitoring the water quality in the range of the restored rivers and lakes, and monitoring total nitrogen and transparency indexes once a month;
and a third stage:
after the water quality is further purified and kept stable, the total nitrogen is less than 1mg/L, the water transparency is more than 1.5m and kept stable, the stem grass is comprehensively cleaned, and a clear water type stable water ecological system taking the basal grass as a mass-producing species and the stem grass as an associated species is gradually formed;
(1) Cleaning the stem growing grass:
comprehensively cleaning all varieties of stem growing grass and including spike-shaped myriophyllum in water for 5-6 months, removing all varieties of stem growing grass by rooting, and shading the sun for 2 months by using sun shading balls in areas with high stem growing grass coverage;
(2) And (3) supplementing seeds with basal raw grass:
after 7-8 months, the sunshade balls are folded, the basic grass is appropriately replanted according to a determined mode, and the planting density is 5 grass throwing modules per square meter;
(3) Formation of steady-state submerged plant communities:
and (3) adopting certain recovery and optimization management measures to the submerged plant community, continuously reducing the abundance of the stem-growing submerged plant to improve the living environment of the basal submerged plant community, and finally forming the submerged plant community which is simple and convenient to maintain and stable in structure and takes the basal grass such as evergreen short tape grass, common sowthistle herb, malayan-like sowthistle herb and the like as the colony-building species and takes the goldfish algae, the watermifoil algae, the hydrilla verticillata, the arrowroot algae and the stonewort as the associated species.
Further, pressWhen stem-growing aquatic weeds such as hydrilla verticillata, peltate grass, gomphrena globosa, spiculate Foliumet spicatum and Costus paniculatus are planted according to a cuttage mode, the population ratio of the hydrilla verticillata, the peltate grass, the Gomphrena globosa, the Costus paniculatus is 2; the planting density of the plants is 120-150 plants/m 2 (ii) a The submerged plants are preferably covered on the water bottom area with Ts more than 0.38 in a full-spread planting mode.
Further, when basal growing grass is introduced to plant according to the second stage so as to gradually replace stem growing grass in the water body, the following technical measures should be taken:
1) Completely cleaning the elodea nuttallii in the last ten days of 4-5 months, namely, performing hance grass on roots, cleaning the elodea nuttallii as clean as possible, and timely cleaning broken branches of the elodea nuttallii on the water surface to prevent the broken branches from propagating;
2) Carrying out basal grass growing planting: namely planting evergreen basal grass inclusion bodies such as short bitter grass, common sowthistle herb and Chinese holly leaf weed in the area where the elodea nutgrass is pulled out in the middle ten days of 5 months in a mode of throwing seeds with mud;
3) The soil mixed with the wrapping basal grass in each basal grass inclusion is mixed with 80ppm of indolylacetic potassium acetate, 35ppm of sodium naphthaleneacetate and 10ppm of potassium fulvate.
Furthermore, each basic grass wrapping mud module is a cuboid with the length and width of 20cm and the thickness of 10cm, 20-30 basic grass are planted on each mud block, and 20 basic grass modules are thrown and planted per square meter; wherein: the evergreen short tape grass is thrown in an area with the water depth within 1m, the common tape grass is thrown in an area with the water depth of 1-1.5m, and the potamogeton malaianus is thrown in an area with the water depth of 1.5-2.5 m.
The technology for treating the pollution of rivers and lakes in situ by the intervention succession of the submerged plants provided by the technical scheme has the core originality that: the method comprises the steps of firstly using the stemmed grasses to reduce the influence salt in the water body by applying the competitive exclusion characteristic among the ecological niche overlapped species, gradually adopting the basal grasses to replace the stemmed grasses after the water quality of the water body reaches a certain standard, and gradually replacing the waterweeds by the evergreen eel grasses, the elo-grass and the small arrowroot algae (rotala) in the ecological niche with the water temperature and water depth level, and the evergreen eel grasses with the ecological niche advantage of the overwintering plant; the ecological niche of the water depth and water temperature levels of the common sowthistle herb and the malayan euglena is overlapped with the ecological niche of the hydrilla verticillata and the spicate foxtail algae, so that the hydrilla verticillata and the spicate foxtail algae are gradually replaced; meanwhile, the function of an artificial regulation and control means in plant succession is strengthened, the coverage of a stem grass community is gradually reduced through grass twisting, harvest strength strengthening, shading and the like, an ecological niche is provided for the growth of basal grass, and the method has the double purposes of purifying the water quality of rivers and lakes and constructing a stable water ecosystem.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a treatment method of a submerged plant intervention succession in-situ treatment method for river and lake pollution;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of a natural water body of the Anhui Hefei south lake treated by the technical scheme.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for carrying out in-situ control on river and lake pollution through intervention of submerged plants, which has the core originality that: during ecological management of rivers and lakes, competitive exclusion characteristics among ecological niche overlapping species are applied, firstly, the stem grasses are used for reducing influence salt in a water body, and after the water quality of the water body reaches a certain standard, the stem grasses of the same ecological niche are gradually replaced by the base grasses by utilizing the overlapping of water temperature and water depth level ecological niches; reducing the abundance of the stem-grown grass by stages, improving the variety abundance of the basal-grown grass, improving the structure of the submerged plant community, and finally forming a clear water type stable water ecological system taking the basal-grown grass as a colonial species and the stem-grown grass as an associated species to treat a natural water body.
The following combines that the applicant has an area of about 6.3 km for Fei south lake in Anhui province 2 The invention is further illustrated by the practice of treating water areas with water depths of 0.5-3 m.
The project implementation site is located in the province and fertilizer city of Anhui province, and the area of the water area to be treated is about 6.3 ten thousand meters 2 The depth of water is 0.5-3m, the water quality of the water system before project treatment is poor V type, the transparency is 0.5-0.6m, and the area within 1.5m of water depth occupies about 60% of the whole area. The water body detection conditions of the whole water area before treatment are shown in the following table:
TABLE 1 Water quality before treatment of the south lake
In 2016, 6 months, treatment engineering of water bodies in south lakes begins to be implemented, and hydrilla verticillata, goldfish algae and spike-shaped myriophyllum are planted in areas with water depth of less than 1.5 m.
In actual operation in the body of water to be remediated: firstly, according to three stages provided by the invention, in 2016 and 6 months, the treatment engineering of the water body in the south lake begins to be carried out, the stem-type submerged plants such as hydrilla verticillata, golden fish algae, waterhead armyworm and the like are firstly planted in the area with the water depth of 1.5m and the like, and the nutrient substances in the water body are purified by utilizing the mass growth and propagation of the stem-type submerged plants.
Planting and managing the crown-growing stem grass and the basal grass;
the first stage is as follows: planting coronarium type stem growing grass in the water body to be restored in a mode of combining seeding planting and cuttage;
(1) Planting and managing first-year stem growing grass
Planting the stem growing grass: the density of the water to be restored is 0.010-0.015kg/m in a water depth area with the ratio Ts of the transparency of the water to the water depth of 0.6-0.8 within 2-3 months 2 Sowing winter buds of hydrilla verticillata, planting elodea nutans by cuttage at the beginning of 3 months, and planting stalked aquatic weeds such as hydrilla verticillata, lagochilus aquatica, goldfish algae, watermifoil, small arrowhead algae and the like by cuttage in the middle ten days of 5 months; and covering the underwater area with Ts more than 0.38 by a submerged plant full-spread planting mode during planting.
And (3) stem growing grass management: harvesting the elodea nuttallii in the middle and last ten days of the current 6 months, so that the harvested elodea nuttallii plants are not higher than 10cm; focusing attention on the survival conditions of other submerged plants in 7-8 months, and timely reseeding;
and a second stage:
(1) After the population of the stem-growing plants is stable, maintaining the harvesting strength of 20 percent for 5-9 months every year, and harvesting the canopy of the stem-growing aquatic weeds in time to keep the aquatic weeds growing above 50cm below the water surface; meanwhile, tracking and monitoring the total nitrogen and transparency of the water body in the range of repairing the water body in the river and lake, wherein the monitoring frequency is once a month;
(2) After the water quality is obviously purified, the total nitrogen content is less than 2mg/L, ts is more than 0.5, the harvesting strength of the stem growing grass is enhanced in the repaired water body, and then the basic growing grass is introduced for planting so as to gradually replace the stem growing grass in the water body;
(3) Catching wild trash fish and procambarus clarkii:
from 5 months, placing 200-300 land cages with the length of 8-10 meters and the specification of 5-6 fingers for catching wild trash fish and procambarus clarkii per 100 mu, controlling the number of the aquatic animals, and harvesting the cages once every 48 hours and 2 times a month;
(4) Clearing the stem growing grass: cleaning various stem growing grass planted in the water body with roots after 6 months: the cleaning intensity of the hydrilla verticillata, the small arrowhead algae and the golden fish algae communities is 60 percent;
(5) Planting and managing basal grasses: synchronously throwing the basal growing grass while cleaning the stem growing grass; strengthening the harvesting strength of the stem growing grass, always keeping the canopy growth layer of the stem growing grass 1m below the water surface so as to provide sufficient illumination for the growth and the propagation of the basal growing grass, provide developed competitive advantage for the basal growing grass and inhibit the growth of the stem growing grass;
(6) And (4) continuing to perform water quality tracking monitoring: tracking and monitoring the water quality in the range of the restored rivers and lakes, and monitoring total nitrogen and transparency indexes once a month;
and a third stage:
after the water quality is further purified, the total nitrogen is less than 1mg/L, the water transparency is more than 1.5m and the water is kept stable, the stem grasses are comprehensively cleaned, and a clear water type stable water ecological system taking the basal grasses as the colony-building seeds and the stem grasses as the associated seeds is gradually formed.
(1) Cleaning the stem growing grass: comprehensively cleaning all varieties of stem growing grass in the water body, including the stem growing grass of spike-shaped myriophyllum vulgare, for 5-6 months, removing all varieties of stem growing grass by rooting, and shading the sun for 2 months by using sun shading balls in the areas with high coverage of the stem growing grass;
(2) And (3) supplementing seeds with basal raw grass: after 7-8 months, the sunshade balls are folded, and the basic grass is properly replanted, wherein the planting mode is 3 (2), and the planting density is 5 grass growing modules per square meter;
(3) Forming a steady-state submerged plant community: and (3) adopting certain recovery and optimization management measures for the submerged plant community, continuously reducing the abundance of the stem-growing submerged plant to improve the living environment of the basal submerged plant community, and finally forming the submerged plant community which is simple and convenient to maintain and stable in structure and takes the basal grass such as evergreen short tape grass, common sowthistle herb, mallow herb, malayan kokiana and the like as the colony-building species and takes the goldfish algae, the foxtail algae, the hydrilla verticillata, the arrowhead algae and the stonewort as the associated species.
When stem type aquatic weeds such as hydrilla verticillata, peltate grass, gomphrena globosa, spiculate foxtail algae and small sagittaria are planted according to a cuttage mode, the population ratio of hydrilla verticillata, peltate grass, gomphrena globosa, spiculate foxtail algae and small sagittaria is (2); the planting density of the plants is 120-150 plants/m 2 (ii) a The submerged plants are preferably covered on the water bottom area with Ts more than 0.38 in a full-spread planting mode.
When basal growing grass is introduced to plant according to the second stage to gradually replace stem growing grass in the water body, the following technical measures should be adopted:
1) Completely cleaning the elodea nuttallii in the last-5 th ten days of 4 months, namely, performing hank grass with roots, cleaning the elodea nuttallii as clean as possible, and timely cleaning broken branches of the elodea nuttallii on the water surface to prevent broken branch propagation;
2) Planting basal growing grass: namely planting evergreen basal grass inclusion bodies such as short bitter grass, common sowthistle herb and Chinese holly leaf weed in the area where the elodea nutgrass is pulled out in the middle ten days of 5 months in a mode of throwing seeds with mud;
3) The soil mixed with the wrapping basal grass in each basal grass inclusion is mixed with 80ppm of indolylacetic potassium acetate, 35ppm of sodium naphthaleneacetate and 10ppm of potassium fulvate.
Each basic grass wrapped mud module is a cuboid with the length and width of 20cm and the thickness of 10cm, 20-30 plants of basic grass are planted on each mud block, and 20 basic grass modules are thrown per square meter; wherein: the evergreen short tape grass is thrown in an area with the water depth within 1m, the common tape grass is thrown in an area with the water depth of 1-1.5m, and the potamogeton malaianus is thrown in an area with the water depth of 1.5-2.5 m.
About 6.3 km per area in the Hefei south lake of Anhui from 6 months of 2016 2 The water body is treated by adopting the method in a water area with the water depth of 0.5-3 m.
In 5 months in 2017, the water quality in the south lake is obviously improved, after the water reaches V-type water basically, 60% of stem growing grass is pulled out by root, basic growing grass such as eel grass with nutrient salt in mud is thrown, the harvesting strength of the stem growing grass such as hydrilla verticillata is enhanced in 6-8 months, and the length of the water grass is kept 1m below the water surface all the time.
And in 7 months in 2018, when the total nitrogen of the water body reaches 0.8mg/L and the transparency reaches 1.5m, intensively treating the stem growing grass in the water body, shading the area with high coverage of the stem growing grass, and in 8 months in 2018, throwing the sowthistle tasselflower herb and the dodder in the original growing area of the stem growing grass to form a submerged plant community which takes evergreen short sowthistle tasselflower herb, sowthistle tasselflower herb and dodder as the colony seeds.
In 2019, the ecological system of the south lake is kept stable all the time, the water quality is kept at a second class level, and the transparency is more than 1.5 m.
Practice shows that: the method for treating the pollution of the water bodies of the rivers and the lakes is effectively and feasible by adopting the method for treating the pollution of the rivers and the lakes in situ through the intervention of the submerged plants.
The above is only the basic embodiment of the present invention according to the technical solution given by the applicant, and any modifications without substantial originality made by referring to the technical solution by those of ordinary skill in the art should be considered to be within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for in-situ treatment of river and lake pollution by submerged plant intervention succession is characterized by comprising the following steps: during ecological management of rivers and lakes, by utilizing the competitive exclusion characteristic among ecological niche overlapping species, firstly, the stem grasses are used for reducing the influence salt in the water body, and after the water quality of the water body reaches a certain standard, the stem grasses of the same ecological niche are gradually replaced by the base grasses by utilizing the overlapping of water temperature and water depth level ecological niches; reducing the abundance of the stem grasses by stages, improving the abundance of the species of the basal grasses, improving the structure of the submerged plant community, finally forming a clear water type stable water ecosystem taking the basal grasses as the colonization species and the stem grasses as the associated species, and achieving the treatment of the natural water body.
2. The method for the in-situ remediation of the pollution of rivers and lakes through the intervention succession of submerged plants as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: planting and managing coronally growing stem grass and basal growing grass in the water body to be restored in three stages;
the first stage is as follows: planting crown-growing stem growing grass in a water body to be restored in a mode of combining seeding planting and cuttage;
(1) Planting and management of first year stem-grown grass
Planting stem growing grass:
the density of the water depth zone with the ratio Ts of the transparency of the water body to be repaired to the water depth of 0.6-0.8 is 0.010-0.015kg/m in 2-3 months 2 Sowing black algae winter buds, planting elodea nutans in a cuttage mode at the beginning of 3 months, and planting stem type aquatic weeds such as black algae, lagochadora, snapdragon, watercress, watermifoil and small arrowhead algae in a cuttage mode in the middle ten days of 5 months; covering the underwater area with Ts more than 0.38 with the selected submerged plant full-spread planting method during planting
And (3) stem growing management:
harvesting the waterweeds in the middle and late ten days of the current 6 months, so that the harvested waterweeds are not higher than 10cm; paying attention to the survival conditions of other submerged plants in 7-8 months and timely replanting;
and a second stage:
(1) After the population of the stem-growing plants is stable in the next year, maintaining the harvesting strength of 20% every 5-9 months, harvesting the canopy of the stem-growing aquatic weeds in time, and keeping the aquatic weeds growing above 50cm below the water surface; meanwhile, the total nitrogen and the transparency of the water body in the range of the river and lake are tracked, monitored and repaired, and the monitoring frequency is once a month;
(2) After the water quality reaches the total nitrogen content of less than 2mg/L and Ts is more than 0.5 and the water quality is obviously purified, the harvesting strength of the stem growing grass is enhanced in the repaired water body, and then the basic growing grass is introduced for planting so as to gradually replace the stem growing grass in the water body;
(3) Catching wild trash fish and Procambarus clarkii:
from 5 months, placing 200-300 land cages with the length of 8-10 meters and the specification of 5-6 fingers for catching wild trash fish and procambarus clarkii per 100 mu, controlling the number of the aquatic animals, and harvesting the cages once every 48 hours and 2 times a month;
(4) Clearing the stem growing grass:
and (3) cleaning various stem growing grass planted in the water body by connecting roots in 6 months: the cleaning intensity of the hydrilla verticillata, the small arrowhead algae and the golden fish algae communities is 60 percent;
(5) Planting and managing basal grass:
synchronously throwing the basic grass while cleaning the stem grass; strengthening the harvesting strength of the stem growing grass, always keeping the canopy growth layer of the stem growing grass 1m below the water surface so as to provide sufficient illumination for the growth and the propagation of the basal growing grass, provide developed competitive advantage for the basal growing grass and inhibit the growth of the stem growing grass;
(6) And (5) continuing to perform water quality tracking monitoring:
tracking and monitoring the water quality in the range of repairing rivers and lakes, and monitoring total nitrogen and transparency indexes once a month;
and a third stage: and when the water quality is further purified and the total nitrogen of the water body is kept stable to be less than 1mg/L and the transparency of the water body is more than 1.5m, comprehensively cleaning the stem grasses, and gradually forming a clear water type stable water ecological system taking the basal grasses as the mass-building seeds and the stem grasses as the associated seeds.
(1) Cleaning the stem growing grass:
comprehensively cleaning all varieties of stem growing grass in the water body for 5-6 months, removing all varieties of stem growing grass by rooting, and shading the sun for 2 months by using shading balls in the area with high stem growing grass coverage;
(2) And (3) supplementing seeds with basal raw grass:
after 7-8 months, the sunshade balls are folded, the basic grass is appropriately replanted according to the determined planting mode, and the planting density is 5 grass throwing modules per square meter;
(3) Formation of steady-state submerged plant communities:
and (3) adopting certain recovery and optimization management measures to the submerged plant community, continuously reducing the abundance of the stem-growing submerged plant to improve the habitat of the basal submerged plant community, and finally forming the submerged plant community which is simple and convenient to maintain and stable in structure and takes the basal grass such as evergreen short tape grass, common sowthistle tasselflower herb, malayan sowthistle herb and the like as the colony-building species and takes the goldfish algae, the watermifoil algae, the hydrilla verticillata, the arrowroot algae and the stonewort as the associated species.
3. The method for the in-situ remediation of river and lake pollution through the intervention succession of submerged plants as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that: when stem type aquatic weeds such as hydrilla verticillata, peltate grass, gomphrena globosa, spiculate foxtail algae and small sagittaria are planted according to a cuttage mode, the population ratio of hydrilla verticillata, peltate grass, gomphrena globosa, spiculate foxtail algae and small sagittaria is (2); the planting density of the plants is 120-150 plants/m 2 (ii) a The submerged plants are preferably covered on the water bottom area with Ts more than 0.38 in a full-spread planting mode.
4. The method for the in-situ remediation of the pollution of rivers and lakes through the intervention succession of submerged plants as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that: when basal growing grass is introduced to plant according to the second stage to gradually replace stem growing grass in the water body, the following technical measures should be adopted:
1) Completely cleaning the elodea nuttallii in the last ten days of 4-5 months, namely, performing hance grass on roots, cleaning the elodea nuttallii as clean as possible, and timely cleaning broken branches of the elodea nuttallii on the water surface to prevent the broken branches from propagating;
2) Planting basal growing grass: planting evergreen basal grass inclusion bodies such as short bitter grass, common sowthistle herb and malayan groundsel herb in the area where the elodea nutans has been pulled out in the middle ten days of 5 months in a mode of throwing seeds with mud in time;
3) The soil mixed with the basal grass in each basal grass inclusion is mixed with 80ppm of indolacetic potassium acetate, 35ppm of sodium naphthaleneacetate and 10ppm of potassium fulvate.
5. The method for the in-situ remediation of the pollution of rivers and lakes through the intervention succession of submerged plants as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that: each basic grass wrapped mud module is a cuboid with the length and width of 20cm and the thickness of 10cm, 20-30 plants of basic grass are planted on each mud block, and 20 basic grass modules are thrown per square meter; wherein: the evergreen short tape grass is thrown in an area with the water depth within 1m, the common sowthistle herb is thrown in an area with the water depth of 1-1.5m, and the potamogeton malaianus is thrown in an area with the water depth of 1.5m-2.5 m.
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