CN115443926A - Artificial culture method for alosa sapidissima - Google Patents
Artificial culture method for alosa sapidissima Download PDFInfo
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- CN115443926A CN115443926A CN202211201693.1A CN202211201693A CN115443926A CN 115443926 A CN115443926 A CN 115443926A CN 202211201693 A CN202211201693 A CN 202211201693A CN 115443926 A CN115443926 A CN 115443926A
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- 241001482107 Alosa sapidissima Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005276 aerator Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000252067 Megalops atlanticus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012631 food intake Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000555825 Clupeidae Species 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001482106 Alosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000250967 Branchia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/006—Accessories for aquaria or terraria
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to an artificial culture method of alosa sapidissima. The method comprises fry stocking, temperature and illumination regulation, feeding regulation and the like. The artificial breeding method is directly carried out outdoors, and the temperature and the illumination are adjusted by setting the shading film and the plastic greenhouse, so that the problems of high indoor breeding cost and limited scale are solved; through reasonable regulation and control of temperature and illumination, the culture survival rate of alosa sapidissima is effectively improved, and the overall survival rate can reach 77.6%; the feed feeding mode is adjusted, the specification of finished fish is stably improved, and the average weight of the fish at 16-17 months can reach 680g; simple and convenient operation, no need of fine operation, and suitability for large-scale production and popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to an artificial culture method of alosa sapidissima.
Background
The Alosa sapidissima is an anadromous fish with high nutritive value and economic value living in rivers and oceans along the bank of northern America, belongs to the order of Clupeidae, subfamily of shad and the genus of Siurlin, and is very close to two species of one subfamily and different genera of the same genus of Chinese shad in classification status. Research indicates that when the continent is not separated from the continent of America, the alosa sapidissima and the alosa sapidissima live in fresh water of one continent, and after the continent of America is broken, the alosa sapidissima can be separated from the alosa sapidissima, and the alosa sapidissima actually live in Zong Tongzu. Since 2003, american shad fertilized eggs are introduced from the United states in succession to carry out seedling and culture tests in areas such as Guangdong, jiangzhe and the like, and a small amount of commercial fishes come into the market, but the scale cannot be formed all the time. The alosa sapidissima has high requirements on the culture environment, has acute temperament, generally moves in the upper layer of a water body, keeps the ambient environment quiet, is easy to frighten and crazy to swim, and has high requirements on water quality; meanwhile, the alosa sapidissima consumes large oxygen, has small branchia, and needs to supply oxygen continuously for 24 hours to assist the alosa sapidissima to move in a rotating circle continuously to obtain oxygen to survive, and the alosa sapidissima dies after leaving water; moreover, the reeves shads move around the pond like a perpetual motion machine in the culture process, once the reeves shads are frightened by the outside, stress reaction can be generated, the reeves shads are dismissed and cannot select a path, the reeves shads collide with each other, and once scales on the reeves shads are carelessly collided, the reeves shads die immediately. In addition, the existing culture methods also have the problems of low survival rate, generally low and unstable finished fish specifications, high cost and the like, so a new culture method is needed to improve the culture survival rate and the finished fish specifications.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides an artificial culture method of alosa sapidissima.
According to the technical scheme of the invention, the artificial culture method of alosa sapidissima comprises the following steps,
(1) Selecting healthy alosa sapidissima fries with the body length not less than 3cm, and stocking the alosa sapidissima fries in a cement pond, wherein an aerator is matched in the cement pond;
(2) When the sunshine intensity exceeds 1200lux, covering a shading film at the top of the cement pool to adjust the light and the temperature, and opening openings at two sides to ventilate; when the temperature (water temperature) is lower than 18 ℃, a plastic greenhouse is built outside the cement pool, and openings on two sides are kept to ventilate;
(3) After fry are put in the sea, feeding the expanded feed for the marine fishes twice a day; feeding the expanded feed for the marine fishes three times every day after the average weight of the fry reaches 30g, and adding river worms once; feeding the sea fish expanded feed four times a day after the average weight of the fry reaches 90g, and stocking shrimp fries in a cement pond; feeding the expanded feed for the marine fishes every two days during the overwintering period;
(4) After fry is put in the pond, the oxygen increasing machine is started for not less than 8h every day, water is changed for 1/3-2/3 every 3-10 days, and bait is fed once every 20-30 days.
The invention effectively improves the culture survival rate of alosa sapidissima by reasonably controlling the addition of the shading film and the plastic greenhouse, and stably improves the specification of finished fish by adjusting the feeding mode.
Further, in the step (1), the area of the cement pond is 3-5 mu, and the water depth is 1.5-1.8m.
Further, in the step (1), the cement pond is disinfected and solarized before fry stocking, river water is injected 3-5 days in advance, decomposed organic fertilizer is added, and stocking is carried out when plankton in the cement pond is massively propagated.
Further, the input amount of the decomposed organic fertilizer is 100-150 kg/mu.
Further, in the step (1), the stocking density is 1000-1200 tails/mu.
Further, the step (1) further comprises the operation of soaking the fry by using saline water before stocking, wherein the concentration of the saline water is 1-1.5wt%, and the soaking time is 3-5min.
Further, in the step (2), the shading rate of the shading film is 70% -90%, and the adjustment of the shading rate can be realized by a plurality of layers of shading films.
Further, in the step (3), the type and the diameter of the fed expanded feed for the marine fish increase along with the growth of the individual; when feeding is carried out twice every day, the feeding amount is based on 2 hours after feeding is finished; when feeding is carried out for three times every day, the feeding amount is based on that the food is eaten up 1 hour after feeding; when feeding is carried out twice every day, the feeding amount is based on feeding completion 0.5 hour after feeding; the feeding amount in the overwintering period is based on that the food is fed in 2 hours after the feeding.
Specifically, the feeding time is within the period from 8 to 00.
Further, in the step (3), the feeding amount is increased to 130-150% of the normal feeding amount 10-15 days before the overwintering period.
Further, in the step (3), the density of the shrimp fries bred in the stocking step is maintained to be 4000-5000 per mu.
Further, in the step (4), the starting time of the aerator is night, and the starting time of the aerator is prolonged in rainy days or when the temperature is higher than 27 ℃.
Further, in the step (4), when the temperature is higher than 30 ℃, the water changing time is prolonged and the water changing amount is reduced, specifically, the water changing time is prolonged to 1/3 of the water changing time every 10 days, and the water changing time is prolonged to once every 10 days in the winter period.
Specifically, the temperature difference between the water changing temperature and the raw water temperature is not more than 3 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages: the artificial breeding method is directly carried out outdoors, and the temperature and the illumination are adjusted by arranging the shading film and the plastic greenhouse, so that the problems of high indoor breeding cost and limited scale are avoided; through reasonable regulation and control of temperature and illumination, the culture survival rate of alosa sapidissima is effectively improved, and the overall survival rate can reach 77.6%; the feed feeding mode is adjusted, the specification of finished fish is stably improved, and the average weight of the fish at the age of 11-12 months can reach 680g; simple and convenient operation, no need of fine operation, and suitability for large-scale production and popularization.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific examples to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention and to practice it, but the examples are not intended to limit the present invention.
Example 1 Artificial culture of Alosa sapidissima
1. Selecting a cement pond with the area of 4.5 mu, the depth of 2m and good ventilation at the periphery as a culture pond, and arranging two impeller type oxygen increasing machines;
before the cement pond is used, sprinkling quicklime water into the whole pond for disinfection, wherein the total consumption of the quicklime is 800kg, and completely draining and solarizing for 3-5 days after disinfection; injecting river water 5 days before fry stocking, and covering a 60-mesh silk mesh bag at a water inlet for filtering to prevent harmful organisms from being brought in with water, wherein the water injection depth is 1.6m; 500kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is added, and after 5 days of cultivation, plankton in the cement pond is greatly propagated;
2. breeding 5000 healthy American shad seedlings with the average body length of 3.5cm in a cement pond, soaking in 1.0wt% saline water for 3min before breeding, and carrying out light-proof treatment in the breeding and transportation process;
3. temperature and illumination regulation: when the sunshine intensity exceeds 1200lux, the top of the cement pool is covered with a shading film to adjust the light and the temperature, openings on two sides are ventilated, the shading rate of the shading film is 70-90%, and when the sunshine intensity is increased, the shading rate is adjusted by covering a plurality of layers of shading films;
when the temperature is lower than 18 ℃, a plastic greenhouse is built outside the cement pond, and openings on two sides are kept to ventilate;
4. feeding regulation and control:
after fry stocking, feeding the expanded feed for the marine fish for one time at the following ratio of (8 am) per day;
after the average weight of the fry reaches 30g, feeding the expanded feed for the marine fish for three times in a period of 8-00 days to 00;
after the average weight of the fry reaches 90g, feeding the expanded feed for the marine fishes four times in a period of 8-19 per day in a period of 8-00, wherein the grain size of the feed is 2.6mm, the content of crude protein is not less than 40 percent, the feeding amount is based on that the feed is eaten up 0.5 hour after the feed is fed, stocking the fry in a cement pond, the stocking density of the fry is 5000 fries per mu, and checking the number of the supplemented fries every 3 days in the period to ensure that the number of the fries is not less than 4000 fries per mu;
in the 10 days before the overwintering period, the feeding amount is increased to 150% of the normal feeding amount, during the overwintering period, the expanded feed for the marine fishes is fed every two days, the feeding time is 8 in the morning;
5. and (3) other management:
the aerator is started every day at 9 ℃ in the evening, and is closed at 5 ℃ in the morning, wherein the starting time is about 8h, and the aerator is started in the morning or in the daytime after being pushed to the closing time in the morning when the temperature is higher than 27 ℃ in rainy days so as to prolong the whole starting time every day;
changing water 1/3-2/3 every 3-10 days, specifically changing water 1 time every 5-7 days in the initial stage of cultivation, and changing water 2/3 of each time; changing water 1 time every 7-10 days after the temperature is higher than 30 ℃, and changing 1/3 of water each time; after the temperature is reduced, adjusting the temperature to change the water for 1 time every 5 to 7 days, wherein 2/3 of the water is changed every time; changing water 1 time every 10 days in the overwintering period, changing 2/3 of water every time, wherein the temperature difference between the water inlet of the changed water and the water in the original pool cannot exceed 3 ℃;
feeding the bait once every 20 days in the initial culture period, and feeding the bait once every 30 days after the average weight of the fry reaches 90 g.
Comparative example 1
On the basis of example 1, the number of JiangChong is not increased.
Comparative example 2
On the basis of example 1, shrimp larvae were not stocked.
Analysis of results
The survival rate of the alosa sapidissima cultured in the example 1 and the comparative examples 2-3 is counted, 200 alosa sapidissima stems are taken respectively, and the weight test is carried out, and the results are shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1
| Average body weight/g | Maximum body weight/g | Minimum body weight/g | Survival rate/% | |
| Example 1 | 680 | 728 | 641 | 77.6％ |
| Comparative example 1 | 671 | 719 | 634 | 77.4％ |
| Comparative example 2 | 663 | 704 | 627 | 77.9％ |
As can be seen from Table 1, the average weight, the maximum weight and the minimum weight in the embodiment are all higher than those in the comparative example, and the survival rates of the average weight, the maximum weight and the minimum weight are equivalent to those in the common culture level, so that the survival rate of American shad culture can be effectively improved by the method, the specification of finished products of the alosa is ensured, the survival rate can reach 77.9%, the average weight is 680g, the maximum weight can reach 728g, and the weight distribution is relatively uniform.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Various other modifications and alterations will occur to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An artificial culture method of alosa sapidissima is characterized by comprising the following steps,
(1) Selecting healthy alosa sapidissima fries with the body length not less than 3cm, and stocking the alosa sapidissima fries in a cement pond, wherein an aerator is matched in the cement pond;
(2) When the sunshine intensity exceeds 1200lux, covering a shading film at the top of the cement pool to adjust the light and the temperature, and opening openings at two sides to ventilate; when the temperature is lower than 18 ℃, a plastic greenhouse is built outside the cement pond, and openings on two sides are kept to ventilate;
(3) After fry are put in the sea, feeding the expanded feed for the marine fishes twice a day; feeding the expanded feed for the marine fishes three times every day after the average weight of the fry reaches 30g, and adding river worms once; feeding the sea fish expanded feed four times a day after the average weight of the fry reaches 90g, and stocking shrimp fries in a cement pond; feeding expanded feed for the marine fishes every two days during the overwintering period;
(4) After the fry are put in a suitable place for breeding, the aerator is started for not less than 8h every day, water is changed for 1/3-2/3 every 3-10 days, and bait is fed once every 20-30 days.
2. The artificial cultivation method of alosa sapidissima as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the area of the cement pond is 3-5 mu, and the water depth is 1.5-1.8m.
3. The artificial cultivation method for alosa sapidissima as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step (1), the cement pond is disinfected and solarized before fry stocking, river water is injected 3-5 days in advance, decomposed organic fertilizer is added, and stocking is carried out when plankton in the cement pond is propagated in large quantity.
4. The artificial cultivation method for alosa sapidissima as claimed in claim 3, wherein the input amount of the organic fertilizer for the decomposition treatment is 100-150 kg/mu.
5. The artificial breeding method of alosa sapidissima as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the stocking density is 1000-1200 tails/mu.
6. The artificial breeding method of alosa sapidissima as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the model and diameter of the fed sea water fish puffed feed are increased along with the growth of the individual; when feeding is carried out twice every day, the feeding amount is based on that the food is taken 2 hours after feeding; when feeding is carried out for three times every day, the feeding amount is based on that the food is eaten up 1 hour after feeding; when feeding is carried out twice every day, the feeding amount is based on that the food is completely eaten 0.5 hour after feeding; the feeding amount in the overwintering period is based on that the food intake is finished 2 hours after the feeding.
7. The artificial breeding method for alosa sapidissima as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the step (3), the feeding amount is increased to 130% -150% of the normal feeding amount 10-15 days before the period of overwintering.
8. The artificial cultivation method of alosa sapidissima as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the density of stocking shrimp fries is maintained at 4000-5000 per mu.
9. The artificial reeves shad breeding method as recited in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the starting time of the aerator is night, and is prolonged in rainy days or when the temperature is higher than 27 ℃.
10. The artificial culture method of alosa sapidissima as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), when the temperature is higher than 30 ℃, the water changing time is prolonged and the water changing amount is reduced.
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| CN202211201693.1A CN115443926A (en) | 2022-09-29 | 2022-09-29 | Artificial culture method for alosa sapidissima |
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| CN103918578A (en) * | 2013-01-16 | 2014-07-16 | 陈伟 | Yangtze River reeves shad culture method |
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| CN108552090A (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2018-09-21 | 上海市水产研究所 | A kind of overwintering fattening method of imitative migration soil pond greenhouse of two age America hilsa herrings |
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| WO2022142018A1 (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2022-07-07 | 苏州鱼之源生物科技有限公司 | High-density breeding device of high-quality precious fry, and construction method therefor |
| CN114946717A (en) * | 2022-07-07 | 2022-08-30 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Three-dimensional comprehensive ecological breeding method for alosa sapidissima |
-
2022
- 2022-09-29 CN CN202211201693.1A patent/CN115443926A/en active Pending
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