CN115433682B - 一种稗草生防菌b-48及其应用方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种稗草生防菌B‑48及其应用方法。所述生防菌菌株为稗草炭疽菌(Colletotrichumechinochloae)B‑48,其保藏编号为CCTCCNO:M2020689。上述稗草炭疽菌菌株的孢子对稗草生长有较强的抑制作用,可用于禾本科杂草稗草的防治。使用孢子液浓度106孢子/mL,孢子液:大豆油=9:1(V/V)体积比及0.1%吐温80喷施3‑4叶期的稗草,接种3天后能形成明显的叶部病斑,7天后对稗草地上部分的生长抑制率达到74.92%。该菌对玉米、小麦、水稻安全,专一性强,有进一步开发的潜力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及微生物农药技术领域,具体为一株稗属炭疽菌B-48及其在除草中的应用。
背景技术
稗草已成为世界上最严重的抗性杂草之一,并严重威胁农业生产。与化学除草剂相比,从微生物等生物资源中寻找具有除草活性的潜力菌株及其活性成分,具有环境兼容性且不易产生抗药性等优点,已经成为开发“环境友好”除草剂的重要来源。
根据文献调研,已商品化或即将商品化的微生物除草剂有近20种。其中,刺盘孢属(Colletotrichum)真菌作为生物除草剂已用于防除多种杂草,具有开发潜力。本发明涉及的稗属炭疽菌(Colletotrichum echinochloae)菌株B-48,其孢子悬浮液对稗草具有显著除草活性,具有开发为防除稗草的生物除草剂的潜力。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一株牛筋草炭疽菌B-48及其在除草中的应用。该菌株易于规模发酵,其孢子悬浮液对稗草具有显著除草活性,具有开发为防除稗草的生物除草剂的潜力。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:本发明的稗草炭疽菌菌株B-48已于2020年11月6日保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,保藏号:CCTCC NO.M2020689。
本发明所述的稗属炭疽菌菌株B-48的孢子液制备方法,该方法包括以下步骤:将B-48接种于PSB培养基,28℃、220rpm摇培7d,收集孢子并配制成1×106个孢子/mL浓度的孢子液,最终配制成孢子液:大豆油=9:1(V/V)体积比及含0.1%吐温的孢子悬浮液。
本发明所述的接种方法,该方法包括以下步骤:稗草炭疽菌侵染致病的最佳条件是接种浓度在106个孢子/mL数量级或更高,接种后保湿培养24 h,并在整个侵染期保持温度在25-28℃,湿度在80%以上。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:该稗草炭疽菌菌株的孢子对稗草生长有较强的抑制作用,可用于禾本科杂草稗草的防治。使用孢子液浓度106个孢子/mL,孢子液:大豆油=9:1(V/V)体积比及0.1%吐温80喷施3-4叶期的稗草,接种3天后能形成明显的叶部病斑,接种7d后对稗草地上部分的生长抑制率达到74.92%。该菌对玉米、小麦、水稻安全,专一性强,有进一步开发的潜力。
附图说明
图1为本发明提出的一种稗草生防菌及其应用的生防菌B-48的形态特征;
图2为本发明提出的一种稗草生防菌及其应用的基于ITS序列采用NJ法构建菌株B-48及其相关菌株的系统发育树;
图3为本发明提出的一种稗草生防菌及其应用的稗草炭疽菌B-48菌株在不同培养基上的生长速率表格;
图4为本发明提出的一种稗草生防菌及其应用的稗草炭疽菌B-48菌株不同孢子液浓度对稗草致病的影响表格;
图5为本发明提出的一种稗草生防菌及其应用的B-48菌株孢子液对不同叶龄的稗草的生长抑制率的比较表格。
实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1 除草真菌的分离纯化与鉴定
稗草病原菌分离、纯化:采集稗草病叶样品,采用常规组织分离法分离病原菌,用清水洗净病叶并剪取3 mm×3mm的病健交界处组织,用75%乙醇处理30 s,0.1%升汞消毒1-2min,无菌水冲洗3遍,接种在PDA培养基上,28℃下培养7d,将获得的菌株通过单孢纯化后保存在PDA斜面及滤纸片上,分别置于4℃及-20℃冰箱保存备用。
稗草病原菌的致病性鉴定:采用菌丝块离体接种进行:从三叶期健康稗草植株上选取大小一致的无病害叶片20片,70%酒精1 min进行表面消毒,打取直径为5 mm的菌丝块,接种至稗草健康叶片上;以接种PDA培养基作为对照,置于瓷盘内28℃保湿培养,接种2 d后移去菌丝块,观察发病情况;根据柯赫氏法则,对发病叶片进行再分离、培养,在显微镜下观察分离得到的菌株是否为原始接种菌株。
稗草病原菌分类地位鉴定:病原菌形态学鉴定:将病原菌接种到 PDA、PSA培养平板上,25℃黑暗培养,观察菌落形态、颜色、分生孢子及附着胞的特征等,对病原菌进行初步鉴定;病原菌的分子鉴定:采用CTAB法提取病原菌株的基因组DNA。采用通用引物ITS1(5'-TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG-3')/ITS4(5'-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3')扩增该病原菌的目的基因序列,所得到的核苷酸序列与GenBank中序列进行BLAST比对分析,使用MEGA 7.0软件将供试菌株的ITS序列与BLAST上同源性高的菌株序列进行比对,采用邻近法(neighbor-joining,NJ)进行聚类分析,构建系统发育树。
实施例2:菌株B-48接种液的制备
将菌株B-48接种于PSB培养基,28 ℃、220 r/min 摇培7 d,收集孢子,并配制成浓度为1×106 个/mL的孢子悬浮液,最终配制成孢子液:大豆油=9:1(V/V)体积比及含0.1%吐温的孢子悬浮液。
实施例3:除草活性测定
将浓度为1×106 个孢子/mL的孢子液,配制成孢子液:大豆油=9:1(V/V)体积比及含0.1%吐温80的孢子悬浮液,喷施3-4叶期稗草植株,28 ℃、黑暗保湿培养24h后,16 h/8 h光/暗培养。以喷施水:大豆油=9:1(V/V)体积比及含0.1%的吐温80的植株为对照。接种3天后,观察供试稗草植株的发病情况。7天后收集作物地上部分,统计鲜重抑制率。鲜重抑制率(fresh weight inhibition rate, FWIR)的计算公式:FWIR(%)=(对照平均鲜重-处理平均鲜重)/对照平均鲜重×100。
实施例4:不同孢子浓度对除草的影响
将孢子浓度为设置为0、104、105、106、107、108 个/mL,配制成孢子液:大豆油=9:1(V/V)体积比及含0.1%吐温80的孢子悬浮液,喷施3-4叶期稗草植株,28 ℃、黑暗保湿培养24h后,16 h/8 h光/暗培养。以喷施水:大豆油=9:1(V/V)体积比及含0.1%的吐温80的植株为对照。接种3天后,观察供试稗草植株的发病情况。7天后收集作物地上部分,统计鲜重抑制率。鲜重抑制率(fresh weight inhibition rate, FWIR)的计算公式:FWIR(%)=(对照平均鲜重-处理平均鲜重)/对照平均鲜重×100。
实施例5:不同叶龄对除草的影响
将孢子浓度为设置为106个/mL,配制成孢子液:大豆油=9:1(V/V)体积比及含0.1%吐温80的孢子悬浮液,喷施4、5、6、7、8、9叶期稗草植株,28 ℃、黑暗保湿培养24h后,16 h/8h光/暗培养。以喷施水:大豆油=9:1(V/V)体积比及含0.1%的吐温80的植株为对照。接种3天后,观察供试稗草植株的发病情况。7天后收集作物地上部分,统计鲜重抑制率。鲜重抑制率(fresh weight inhibition rate, FWIR)的计算公式:FWIR(%)=(对照平均鲜重-处理平均鲜重)/对照平均鲜重×100。
尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (3)
1.一种稗草炭疽菌(Colletotrichum echinochloae)菌株B-48,其特征在于,保藏编号为CCTCC NO.M2020689,于2020年11月6日保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种稗草炭疽菌菌株B-48接种方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:将稗草炭疽菌接种在稗草上致病,浓度在106个孢子/mL或更高,接种后保湿培养24 h,并在整个侵染期保持温度在25-28℃,湿度在80%以上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种稗属炭疽菌菌株B-48的孢子液制备方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:将B-48接种于PSB培养基,28℃、220rpm摇培7d,收集孢子并配制成1×106个/mL浓度的孢子液,最终配制成孢子液:大豆油=9:1(V/V)体积比及含0.1%吐温的孢子悬浮液。
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