CN115419022B - Optimized watershed type corrosion-resistant sand-control siltation ground dam system and construction method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an optimized watershed-type anti-corrosion and sedimentation dam system and its construction method, which includes a platform support, a sedimentation dam, a sediment amount monitoring system, a flow monitoring system, a video scanning monitoring system, and an on-site launch terminal. and an indoor terminal. The platform bracket is equipped with a power system and a self-feedback weather station system. The road check dam is installed at the bottom of the basin. The indoor terminal is equipped with a computer and a data storage controller. A video scanning monitoring system is built-in. The video storage module stores the data and transmits the stored data to the on-site transmitting terminal. The on-site transmitting terminal transmits the data to the indoor terminal in real time. The data storage controller stores and classifies the transmitted data and has computing functions. , and can realize remote control of the sediment volume monitoring system, flow monitoring system, and video scanning monitoring system according to the instructions sent by the computer.

Description

An optimized watershed-type erosion control and sand deposition dam system and its construction method

Technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of soil and water loss prevention and control, and specifically relates to an optimized watershed-type anti-corrosion and sand-siltation dam system and its construction method.

Background technique

Check dams are a common protective measure in areas with water and soil erosion. The construction of check dams can effectively reduce the occurrence of local water and soil erosion. In recent years, with the continuous advancement of national ecological management, the phenomenon of water and soil erosion in the Yellow River Basin has been greatly improved, which is inseparable from the important role played by check dams. As a kind of dam construction structure, the check dam is called a dam because of the land formed by retaining mud. Currently, the commonly used forms include management-free and integrated check dams, check dams for water conservancy and hydropower projects, hollow water storage dams, etc. At present, many engineers are mainly focused on continuously improving the overall structure of the check dam. For example, in order to improve the erosion resistance of the slope protection, a 1.0 to 3.0 meter thick mixed layer is installed on the surface of the upstream and downstream dam slopes of the homogeneous earth dam body. In order to discharge the seepage water in the dam body in a timely manner, multiple layers of blind drainage pipes are buried at intervals in the body of the homogeneous earth dam. The mouths of the blind drainage pipes extend out of the downstream dam slope; in the dam body of the homogeneous earth dam, The top filling is filled with a 2-meter-thick mixture layer, which is integrated with the mixture protective layer paved on the surface of the upper and lower dam slopes. There are also concrete columns installed in some check dams. The top of each concrete column supports a horizontal guide plate with one end inserted into the surface of the steep slope section; there are several guide columns embedded in the deadening section. There is a guide sleeve, and the bridge plate is horizontally supported on the guide column through the guide sleeve; several inflatable air bags are fixedly connected to the lower surface of the bridge plate, and several railings are provided on the upper surface of the bridge plate. In order to maintain the stability of the dam body, reinforcements and water storage tanks are used to reduce the impact of water flow on the dam body. There are also check dams that use stacked box mesh forms and check dams that are equipped with floating bodies to control flexible water release devices. Check dams in the form of water hole plugs can improve the stability of the dam body and can better prevent water and soil erosion. Then, in the process of preventing soil erosion by check dams, many engineers adopt measures that consider the dam body itself. However, for a river basin, although check dams are set up, the prevention and control effect is limited, and there is a lack of science in the setting up of check dams. For reasonable technical solutions, everyone focuses on the stability of the dam body itself. However, when setting up several check dams in a watershed, how to choose the dam type, how to distinguish check dams on tributaries and main roads, and the spacing between adjacent check dams. Issues such as the number of installations and the number of installations have not been resolved, resulting in limited erosion control and sand control effects of check dams in the basin. The present invention aims to provide an optimized river basin-type anti-corrosion and sand control dam system and its construction method, so that the entire check dam system can function in the watershed, exert a better anti-corrosion and sand control effect, and further improve the sedimentation rate. The utilization efficiency of dams will lay the foundation for environmental improvement in my country's fragile ecological zones.

In the existing technology, the dam body of the check dam is mainly reinforced to improve the stability of the dam body, so that the dam can play a better anti-scouring role and reduce water and soil loss;

In the existing technology, waterproof hole plugs, hollow water storage structures, anti-seepage reinforcement structures, etc. are installed in the check dam to reduce the destructive effect of water pressure on the check dam, and dissipate pore water pressure to reduce this impact.

In the prior art, drainage facilities are installed on the slopes on both sides of the river valley to fix the drainage paths and reduce the amount of sediment generated by rainwater erosion.

Its disadvantages are as follows:

1. In the existing technology, the dam body is reinforced, and the stability of the dam itself is significantly improved. However, when the sediment content in the upstream is large, a single dam body is not enough to withstand a large amount of sediment. After a large amount of sediment is deposited, it will overflow the dam. top, causing dam failure or even destruction;

2. In the existing technology, waterproof hole plugs, hollow water storage structures, anti-seepage reinforcement structures, etc. are used to reduce the destructive effect of water pressure on the check dam. When there is heavy rainfall in the basin, the surface water is often very abundant, and a large amount of rain will cause Floods overflow the dam, causing it to break and then fail;

3. The cost of drainage facilities installed on the slope is relatively high and the construction is difficult. The sediment washed away from the slope will accumulate in the ditch and cause its failure.

Contents of the invention

The present invention proposes an optimized watershed-type anti-corrosion sand sedimentation dam system and its construction method. It sets up stepped sedimentation dams in the watershed of fragile rock and soil areas, and combines on-site monitoring facilities to determine the dynamic change rules of sediment volume. On this basis, machine learning and artificial intelligence are used to determine the number of dams, and the river erosion monitoring system is used to optimize the design of the check dam type. The cascade dam is used to resist a large amount of sediment, dissipate energy step by step, and prevent dam instability. Destruction; a discharge spillway is set up on the dam body to prevent water erosion and damage to the dam body, and the inverse filter layer is used to dissipate pore water pressure to avoid excessive pore water pressure from damaging the dam, further improving the anti-corrosion and sand control effect of the check dam, and reducing soil erosion. .

In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an optimized watershed-type anti-corrosion and sand control dam system, which includes a platform support, a check dam, a sediment amount monitoring system, a flow monitoring system, and a video scanning monitoring system. , on-site transmitting terminal and indoor terminal, the platform bracket is equipped with a power system and a self-feedback weather station system, the check dam is set at the bottom of the basin, the indoor terminal is equipped with a computer and a data storage controller, video scanning The monitoring system has a built-in video storage module to store data and transmit the stored data to the on-site transmitting terminal. The on-site transmitting terminal transmits the data to the indoor terminal in real time. The data storage controller stores and classifies the transmitted data. It has computing functions and can remotely control the sediment volume monitoring system, flow monitoring system, and video scanning monitoring system according to the instructions sent by the computer.

The sediment amount monitoring system includes a laser signal amplifier, which is connected to the data acquisition control system, the laser signal amplifier is connected to the laser transmitter, the power supply system is connected to the electric power system, and a laser probe is provided at the front end of the sediment amount monitoring system. A fixed support is provided at the bottom of the sand quantity monitoring system, and a turntable system is provided above the fixed support. A steering drive is provided on the turntable system. The laser probe is opposite to the reflective surface system. The reflective surface system is connected to the data acquisition module. The reflective surface system is connected to the reflection surface system. The pole system is connected, a rotation system is set above the pile anchoring system, and the pile anchoring system is fixed on the ground. A sunlight collection system is installed on the sediment amount monitoring system. The sunlight collection system is connected to the power transmission station, and the power transmission station feeds the reflective surface System, data acquisition module and rotation system power supply;

The platform bracket has an automatic lifting function. The outside of the platform bracket is sprayed with anti-rust paint and the inside is a hollow structure.

The power system is composed of a wind power generation module, a solar power generation module, a battery and an intelligent controller. After the wind power generation module and the solar power generation module generate electricity, the electric energy is stored in the battery. The intelligent controller monitors the current operation of the entire system during power generation and discharge. status, it will automatically adjust when the current is abnormal, and perform the functions of voltage stabilization and self-detection.

The self-feedback weather station system monitors wind speed, rainfall, temperature, humidity, air pressure, and sunlight indicators in the basin in real time, and stores and transmits the data to the on-site transmitting terminal. The self-feedback weather station system has a built-in self-feedback module. , when there is a thunderstorm, the lightning alarm in the system is activated, and the built-in lightning protection antenna stretches out and contacts the earth.

A sedimentation surface is provided in front of the sedimentation dam, a percolation system is arranged at the bottom of the sedimentation surface, a water storage system is arranged at the bottom of the percolation system, and a water-isolating layer system is arranged at the bottom of the water storage system. The water storage system It includes a coarse sand layer, a medium sand layer and a fine sand layer arranged in sequence from top to bottom. There is a shaft on the sedimentation surface. The bottom of the shaft extends to the bottom of the water storage system. A pump room system is installed on the shaft. The pump room system It is equipped with power supply system, water pipe system and one-way membrane system.

A percolation layer is provided on the side of the check dam, a spillway is provided inside the top of the check dam, a flood blocking system is provided on the upper part of the check dam, an elevator is provided on the flood blocking system, and the elevator is connected to the information control module. A flood monitoring system and video surveillance system are installed on the dam.

An optimized construction method for a watershed-type corrosion prevention and sand control dam system, which consists of the following steps:

1. On-site monitoring system layout. Monitoring equipment is laid out at different locations in the basin according to the preliminary monitoring plan, including the layout of the self-feedback weather station system, the layout of the sediment volume monitoring system, the layout of the flow monitoring system facilities, and the debugging of the equipment at the same time. Able to interact with data terminals at indoor terminals;

2. Construction of a check dam system. Based on the monitoring data, the sand production in different channels is summarized and analyzed. Channels with low sand production are protected by single-stage check dams. For check dams with large sand production, Cascade dams are used for setting up. In this process, the overall plan of gradual energy dissipation is fully utilized to select the spacing of check dams, and the last level check dam can be used to block the sediment generated in the entire basin;

3. Dam type adjustment. After the main structure of the dam body is determined, the dam type structure should be adjusted appropriately according to the curve of the channel. Anti-scouring measures should be mainly installed at the backwater bay and other locations to improve the prevention and control effect of the entire check dam;

4. Joint test of the check dam system. Due to the large scale of the check dam system, the protective effect of the check dam is determined based on the on-site data obtained by the on-site monitoring system during the rainy season. If there is still a large amount of sediment produced at the end and behind the check dam It is necessary to further optimize and adjust the entire check dam protection system, optimize the entire protection system by adding check dams, and summarize a large amount of monitoring data deployed on site into the data terminal of the indoor terminal;

5. Customization of the intelligent solution for the check dam system. The indoor data terminal collects a large amount of data on the check dam protection system, inputs the terrain parameters in the basin into the system, and continuously trains the model, allowing the machine model to learn to obtain different terrain and rainfall. How to set up a check dam system under certain conditions? After finally inputting the basic parameters of the new watershed into the system, the system can provide a check dam protection system suitable for the watershed through artificial intelligence, including check dam type, number of installations, and check dam spacing. , parameters of dam height and width of dams of different levels;

6. Construction of ecological measures. The use of the check dam system has a certain period. When the sedimentation amount of the entire dam body reaches 80% of the dam body height, trees will be planted in the land behind the check dam body. The sedimentation amount reaches the height of the dam body. Shrubs will be installed after the height reaches 85%, and herbs will be installed when the sedimentation amount reaches more than 90% of the dam height. Finally, an ecological community will be built, and the underground water storage structure will be used for groundwater recharge. In the later stage, the plant community will begin to play an anti-corrosion role after the siltation dam fails. The purpose of sand control;

7. Comprehensive system operation and maintenance. After the ecological measures of the entire check dam system are constructed in the later stage, the water and soil loss in the basin will be greatly reduced, and crops can be planted in the later stage. The data obtained from various monitoring systems built in the early stage will be used to build a data platform.

The system and construction method provided by the present invention continuously accumulate data during the process of setting up check dams, and use the accumulated data to optimize the entire system. They are not inconsistent with the current check dam setting process, and are an upgrade and upgrade of existing technology. Improve and further improve the utilization efficiency of check dam technology. The entire system is built based on a self-feedback program and has a self-protection module, which can effectively prevent water and soil erosion. At the same time, it is connected with later utilization. The investment in the monitoring system is the result of long-term benefits, and serving the check dam system is only its phased mission. First, it serves rural revitalization construction in the later period, which not only expands the scope of application of the monitoring system, but also solves the problem of later operation and maintenance. The check dam optimization scheme system constructed in the present invention can serve the check dam construction projects in ecologically fragile areas across the country. The check dam system can also serve the purpose of conserving water sources. By setting up a scientifically optimized check dam system, the groundwater resources in the basin can be effectively protected and groundwater increased.

The present invention adopts technical methods of checking dams that combine engineering and ecology to protect the ecological environment, and uses engineering measures to build a vegetation environment to gradually achieve the radical cure of water and soil erosion.

The present invention proposes a technical method for preventing and controlling the check dam system based on a combination of on-site monitoring, machine learning and artificial intelligence. It adapts to local conditions and proposes a prevention and control system suitable for different watersheds to prevent erosion and control sand to the greatest extent.

The technical solution provided by the present invention can be promoted and applied in fragile rock and soil areas. During the construction process of the dam, a water storage layer is preset to be located in a certain range in front of the check dam. In the later stage, plants are planted in the check land based on the effect of the check dam. Stabilize the rock and soil at the root, use pre-set water storage layers to supply water to plants, improve plant survival rates, stabilize the rock and soil at the root, and reduce later water and soil loss, that is, implement engineering-ecological measures to reduce water and soil loss. For control, we should rely on engineering in the early stage and ecological measures in the later stage to establish a continuous soil erosion prevention and control system.

Compared with the existing technology, the beneficial effects brought by the technical solution of the present invention

1. In the technical solution provided by the present invention, cascade dams are set up to effectively prevent the check dam from being damaged by sediment or floods, and to fully extend the service life of the check dam.

2. Through the on-site monitoring system combined with the indoor machine learning model, the present invention can provide customized check dam design solutions for different watersheds that conform to the characteristics of the watershed, effectively reducing water and soil erosion.

3. By combining engineering and ecological measures, the present invention can effectively extend the service life of the check dam, and at the same time solve the root cause of soil and water loss in the basin.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is an overall schematic diagram of the present invention;

Figure 2 Schematic diagram of on-site sediment monitoring system;

Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the check dam water storage system;

Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the check dam.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Please refer to Figures 1-4. The present invention provides a technical solution: an optimized watershed type corrosion prevention and sand control dam system, which includes a platform support 2, a check dam 5, a sediment amount monitoring system 6, and a flow monitoring system. System 7, video scanning monitoring system 8, on-site transmitting terminal 9 and indoor terminal 10. The platform support 2 is provided with a power system 3 and a self-feedback weather station system 4. The check dam 5 is set at the bottom of the basin. The indoor terminal 10 is provided with a computer 11 and a data storage controller 12. The video scanning monitoring system 8 has a built-in video storage module to store data and transmit the stored data to the on-site transmitting terminal 9. The on-site transmitting terminal 9 transmits the data in real time. Transmitted to the indoor terminal 10, the data storage controller 12 stores and classifies the transmitted data, has both computing functions, and can control the sediment amount monitoring system 6, flow monitoring system 7, and video scanning monitoring system according to the instructions sent by the computer. 8Realize remote control.

The sediment amount monitoring system 6 includes a laser signal amplifier 13, which is connected to the data acquisition control system 14, the laser signal amplifier 13 is connected to the laser transmitter 16, the power supply system 15 is connected to the power system 3, and the sediment amount monitoring system A laser probe 18 is provided at the front end of the system 6, a fixed support 17 is provided at the bottom of the sediment amount monitoring system 6, a turntable system 27 is provided above the fixed support 17, a steering driver 19 is provided on the turntable system 27, the laser probe 18 and the reflective surface The system 20 is opposite, the reflective surface system 20 is connected to the data acquisition module 21, the reflective surface system 20 is connected to the reflective rod system 24, a rotating system 26 is provided above the pile anchoring system 25, the pile anchoring system 25 is fixed on the ground, and the sediment amount is monitored The system 6 is provided with a sunlight collection system 23. The sunlight collection system 23 is connected to the power transmission station 22. The power transmission station 22 supplies power to the reflective surface system 20, the data acquisition module 21 and the rotation system 26;

The platform bracket 2 has an automatic lifting function. The outside of the platform bracket 2 is sprayed with anti-rust paint and the inside is a hollow structure.

The power system 3 is composed of a wind power generation module, a solar power generation module, a battery and an intelligent controller. After the wind power generation module and the solar power generation module generate electricity, the electric energy is stored in the battery. The intelligent controller monitors the current of the entire system during power generation and discharge. In the running state, when the current is abnormal, it will automatically adjust and play the functions of voltage stabilization and self-detection.

The self-feedback weather station system 4 performs real-time monitoring of wind speed, rainfall, temperature, humidity, air pressure, and sunlight indicators in the basin, and stores and transmits the data to the on-site transmitting terminal 9. The self-feedback weather station system 4 has a built-in Self-feedback module, when there is a thunderstorm, the lightning alarm in the system is activated, and the built-in lightning protection antenna stretches out and contacts the earth.

A sedimentation surface 29 is provided in front of the sedimentation dam 5. A percolation system 30 is provided at the bottom of the sedimentation surface 29. A water storage system 31 is provided at the bottom of the percolation system 30. A partition is provided at the bottom of the water storage system 31. The water layer system 32 and the water storage system 31 include a coarse sand layer 33, a medium sand layer 34 and a fine sand layer 35 arranged in sequence from top to bottom. A vertical shaft 36 is provided on the sediment deposition surface 29, and the bottom of the vertical shaft 36 extends to the storage At the bottom of the water system 31, a pump room system 37 is provided on the shaft 36, and a power supply system 38, a water pipe system 39 and a one-way membrane system 40 are provided on the pump room system 37.

A percolation layer 41 is provided on the side of the check dam 5, a spillway 42 is provided inside the top of the check dam 5, a flood blocking system 43 is provided on the upper part of the check dam 5, and a lift 45 is provided on the flood blocking system 43. 45 is connected to the information control module 44, and the check dam 5 is provided with a flood monitoring system 46 and a video monitoring system 47.

An optimized construction method for a watershed-type corrosion prevention and sand control dam system, which consists of the following steps:

1. On-site monitoring system layout. Monitoring equipment is laid out at different locations in the basin according to the preliminary monitoring plan, including the layout of the self-feedback weather station system, the layout of the sediment volume monitoring system, the layout of the flow monitoring system facilities, and the debugging of the equipment at the same time. Able to interact with data terminals at indoor terminals;

2. Construction of a check dam system. Based on the monitoring data, the sand production in different channels is summarized and analyzed. Channels with low sand production are protected by single-stage check dams. For check dams with large sand production, Cascade dams are used for setting up. In this process, the overall plan of gradual energy dissipation is fully utilized to select the spacing of check dams, and the last level check dam can be used to block the sediment generated in the entire basin;

3. Dam type adjustment. After the main structure of the dam body is determined, the dam type structure should be adjusted appropriately according to the curve of the channel. Anti-scouring measures should be mainly installed at the backwater bay and other locations to improve the prevention and control effect of the entire check dam;

4. Joint test of the check dam system. Due to the large scale of the check dam system, the protective effect of the check dam is determined based on the on-site data obtained by the on-site monitoring system during the rainy season. If there is still a large amount of sediment produced at the end and behind the check dam It is necessary to further optimize and adjust the entire check dam protection system, optimize the entire protection system by adding check dams, and summarize a large amount of monitoring data deployed on site into the data terminal of the indoor terminal;

5. Customization of the intelligent solution for the check dam system. The indoor data terminal collects a large amount of data on the check dam protection system, inputs the terrain parameters in the basin into the system, and continuously trains the model, allowing the machine model to learn to obtain different terrain and rainfall. How to set up a check dam system under certain conditions? After finally inputting the basic parameters of the new watershed into the system, the system can provide a check dam protection system suitable for the watershed through artificial intelligence, including check dam type, number of installations, and check dam spacing. , parameters of dam height and width of dams of different levels;

6. Construction of ecological measures. The use of the check dam system has a certain period. When the sedimentation amount of the entire dam body reaches 80% of the dam body height, trees will be planted in the land behind the check dam body. The sedimentation amount reaches the height of the dam body. Shrubs will be installed after the height reaches 85%, and herbs will be installed when the sedimentation amount reaches more than 90% of the dam height. Finally, an ecological community will be built, and the underground water storage structure will be used for groundwater recharge. In the later stage, the plant community will begin to play an anti-corrosion role after the siltation dam fails. The purpose of sand control;

7. Comprehensive system operation and maintenance. After the ecological measures of the entire check dam system are constructed in the later stage, the water and soil loss in the basin will be greatly reduced, and crops can be planted in the later stage. The data obtained from various monitoring systems built in the early stage will be used to build a data platform.

Example 1

An optimized watershed-type anti-corrosion and sand-siltation dam system and its construction method, as shown in Figure 1, includes: a watershed, mainly composed of several typical valleys, which contains several hills and several branch ditches and a main ditch. There is a typical watershed between different watersheds, which is the monitoring and check dam layout area of the present invention; the main function of the platform bracket 2 is to support the upper power system and the weather station system, and the bracket system has an automatic lifting function. , the upper structure can be lowered during maintenance to facilitate maintenance. At the same time, the outside of the bracket barrel is sprayed with anti-rust paint, and the inside is a hollow structure to facilitate the passage of cables; Power system 3, the power system consists of wind power generation modules, solar power generation modules, and batteries It consists of an intelligent controller and a wind power generation module. The wind power generation module and the solar power generation module mainly generate electricity through their respective systems, and then store the electric energy in the battery. The main function of the intelligent controller is to monitor the current operating status of the entire system during the power generation and discharge process. When an abnormality occurs in the current, it can automatically adjust and exert the functions of voltage stabilization and self-detection. In the event of an emergency, it can instantly cut off the power to protect the entire system. The system can feed back monitoring information to the indoor terminal for maintenance personnel to make judgments. Intelligent power supply system It can adjust the discharge according to the power consumption. When the sensors and data transmitters are running at full load, the power supply increases instantly. When there is no rainfall and some sensors enter the dormant state, the discharge amount decreases, realizing intelligent control and saving electric energy; automatically Feedback weather station system 4. The main function of this system is to conduct real-time monitoring of wind speed, rainfall, temperature, humidity, air pressure, sunlight and other indicators in the basin, and to store and transmit the data to the data transmitter. In this system It has a built-in self-feedback module. When there is a thunderstorm, the lightning alarm in the system is activated, and the built-in lightning protection antenna is extended to contact the earth. At the same time, the internal insulation system of the system's protection box is activated. That is, after a lightning strike, the internal sensors of the weather station system will not It will be destroyed, and the current will gather outside the box and then be transmitted to the ground through the ground wire, reducing damage to the system. In particularly bad weather, the entire system can automatically power off. After the weather recovers, the electromagnetic relay switch can be used to energize the system and the system will return to normal operation. ; Check dam 5, a check dam system built in the valley, its main function is to prevent and control sediment in the river channel and reduce soil erosion; Sediment amount monitoring system 6, the main function of this system is to monitor the amount of sediment that is about to enter the river channel The sediment content in the system is monitored in real time. The system is in a dormant state during the non-rainy season. When rainfall occurs, the entire system operates normally and monitors the sediment amount in real time. The system is mainly based on the laser scanning cross-section method to accurately calculate and determine the sediment amount. And feed the data back to the transmission terminal; flow monitoring system 7. The monitoring area of the monitoring system must be calculated before the system is deployed. When rainfall occurs later, the flow of rainwater in a certain area is monitored, and the conversion is displayed as the flow after water collection, and then It provides a basis for calculating the water flow generated in the entire basin. Existing sensors intelligently monitor the flow at the layout location. The monitoring system can obtain the flow generated in a certain water catchment area. The monitoring accuracy and the application range of the data are expanded, which is also a significant feature of the present invention. One of the innovative points is the video scanning monitoring system 8. This system can monitor the operation of the entire monitoring system on site in real time, and also monitor the operation of the check dam in real time. The system has a built-in video storage module to store the data. , and transmit the stored data to the transmitting terminal; the main function of the on-site transmitting terminal 9 is to transmit the data obtained on site to the indoor transmission terminal in real time for analysis and use by the staff. The data transmission of this terminal adopts intermittent transmission, which can The transmission interval is manually set and connected to each monitoring system in the figure through wireless communication; the indoor terminal 10 includes a computer and a data storage controller; the computer 11 is used for data analysis and training of machine models to provide services for the later development of check dam protection plans for different watersheds. ; The data storage controller 12 stores and classifies the data transmitted back from the entire site, has both computing functions, and can implement remote control of various monitoring systems on site according to instructions sent by the computer.

As shown in Figure 2, the main function of the laser signal amplifier 13 is to adjust the laser system according to weather and other reasons, strengthen or appropriately weaken the laser, ensure the accuracy of the test results, and enable real-time measurement of sediment volume under complex climate conditions. Monitoring; data acquisition control system 14. The main function of this module is to store, transmit and simply analyze the test data obtained in the entire system, and to control and adjust the entire system according to the instructions of the indoor control terminal, mainly through the wireless transmission module Transmit the acquired data to the data collection terminal in Figure 1; the power supply system 15 uses the power supply system in Figure 1 to adjust the voltage and current after arriving at the system, and transmit the appropriate current to each sensor and controller to ensure The voltage is stable to protect the electricity safety of each structure; the laser transmitter 16 directly emits laser beams of different frequencies mainly according to the instructions issued by the laser signal amplifier 13. The bottom laser probe or the top laser probe can be activated by adjustment, or it can be The two laser probes are started at the same time; the fixed support 17, the fixed support of the entire test system, is generally fixed to the ground, which can effectively prevent the impact of running water and sediment on the entire monitoring device and ensure the safety of the entire system. In complex areas, a pile foundation is set at the bottom, and the entire support and pile foundation are connected through steel bar overlap to ensure the stability and safety of the entire system; the laser probe 18 scans the entire ground in real time, with two upper and lower Probe, the bottom is a normal scanning probe, and the top is a gain supplementary probe. After the two scanning probes are started at the same time, the changes in the entire formation in the laser overlap area can be monitored in real time, further improving the accuracy of the test results. The system can mainly automatically measure the lens. Adjustment, after cooperating with the laser transmitter 16, the laser beam is adjusted as a whole in order to achieve the best test effect. A built-in receiver is used to receive and collect the reflected laser; the steering driver 19 has the main function of controlling the turntable system 27 to rotate. The module is directly controlled by the data acquisition control system 14 and indirectly controlled by the indoor computer terminal. It can realize remote control of rotation at any angle. There is a steering motor in the module, which rotates in accordance with the instructions, and is realized through the turntable system 27; the reflective surface system 20 , the main function is to reflect and reinforce the emitted laser, and provide feedback for the emission system. This self-feeding laser emission adjustment system is also one of the significant innovations of the present invention; the main function of the data acquisition module 21 is to reflect the reflection The laser data acquired by the surface system is stored and transmitted, and the data is transmitted to the data acquisition control system 14 through the wireless terminal; the power transmission station 22 mainly supplies power to each module to ensure voltage stability during operation; the sunlight collection system 23 Sunlight is collected in real time, and the sunlight data is transmitted to the data collection control terminal 14 to adjust the laser beam under different lighting conditions so that the entire system can achieve the best test effect, especially during rainfall. The system passes comparison It can directly feedback the illumination situation to achieve the best performance of the laser system; the reflection rod system 24 protects various sensors in the launch system; the pile anchoring system 25 is mainly used to fix the entire reflection rod system to ensure its stability; rotation System 26 has the same function as the rotation system composed of steering driver 19 and turntable system 27, except that it drives the laser reflection system to rotate. The sediment monitoring system in the present invention is often arranged in a mesh, and different monitors can be connected on the computer Linkage monitoring is performed under control; the main function of the turntable system 27 is to rotate the entire system at any angle after cooperating with the steering driver 19.

As shown in Figure 3, the main function of the check dam 5 is to block the sediment impacted in the river; the main function of the sediment deposition surface 29 is to store the sediment washed in the river; the main function of the percolation system 30 is to drain the river. The excess water in the medium-siltation sediment is filtered. The upper part of this layer contains a one-way permeable membrane. This one-way membrane can allow water to seep downward. At the same time, it can effectively block the loss of water caused by evaporation. The entire filtration system allows siltation to be filtered out. Sediment and accumulated water generated in surface rainfall are filtered and infiltrated to improve water quality standards; water storage system 31, this system stores water by setting up different rock and soil layers instead of water tanks. The advantages of this arrangement are It can effectively prevent the water tank from collapsing and causing the water storage system to become ineffective. At the same time, it can keep the water in a clean state and not easily contaminated. It simulates the structure of the water storage layer in nature and is laid out in line with the laws of nature; the water isolation layer system 32, the main purpose of this layer The function is to prevent the water in the water storage system from further seepage and loss; the coarse sand layer 33 is used for water storage; the medium sand layer 34 is used for water storage; the fine sand layer 35 is used for water storage; the vertical shaft 36 is used for later vegetation. After planting, the water in the shaft pumping water storage system is used to irrigate the plants; the pump room system 37 mainly pumps groundwater to provide a power source. The irrigation in the present invention is mainly based on drip irrigation technology, which greatly improves the water utilization efficiency; power supply System 38, mainly supplies electricity to the pump room; water pipe system 39, on the one hand, supplies pumped groundwater to vegetation; on the other hand, it can also accept groundwater provided by other deep wells to irrigate the entire system; unidirectional membrane system 40, allows The water seeps down and is not allowed to escape upward. The stratigraphic structure set up in this system takes into account the needs of later vegetation growth. When the later vegetation grows well, the water supply system can be further utilized. After the water source is conserved, groundwater is provided to the surroundings. At the same time, the aquifer set at the bottom can always be effective. Blocking water waste caused by shallow groundwater loss, the unidirectional film on the surface can effectively reduce water loss through evaporation.

As shown in Figure 4, the main function of the check dam 5 is to block the sediment impacted in the river; the main function of the percolation layer 41 is to collect the water in the sediment and then transfer it into the water storage system; the spillway 42 , when a flood occurs, excess flood is discharged through the spillway; the flood retention system 43 mainly intercepts the flood according to the flood peak situation, and collects surface water to the greatest extent and flows it into the underground water storage system; the information control module 44 mainly controls the flood retention system Lifting height, and collects and transmits data on flood and sedimentation conditions; the elevator 45 directly lifts and lowers the flood interception system, controls the lifting and lowering of the porous plate, and intercepts floods. During the system work, the interception is mainly carried out through the interception system. By setting Rigid plates with different apertures intercept sediment particles of different sizes, drain excess surface water, and prevent dam collapse caused by large accumulation of surface water. At the same time, they can intercept excess sediment behind the check dam to reduce soil erosion. ; Flood monitoring system 46. The main function of this system is to monitor floods and sediment content and provide data for the entire self-feedback system. When the flow or sediment content reaches a certain threshold, the system starts a self-protection program and removes excess The flood is discharged directly through the spillway. When the flood peak is within the controllable range, the entire flood retention system is activated to intercept the flood. On the one hand, it can store surface water, on the other hand, it can prevent erosion and control sand, and reduce the damage caused by soil erosion; Video The monitoring system 47 mainly monitors the operation of the entire check dam system in real time.

The system and construction method provided by the present invention continuously accumulate data during the process of setting up check dams, and use the accumulated data to optimize the entire system. They are not inconsistent with the current check dam setting process, and are an upgrade and improvement of the existing technology. , to further improve the utilization efficiency of check dam technology. The entire system is built based on a self-feedback program and has a self-protection module, which can effectively prevent water and soil erosion. At the same time, it is connected with later utilization. The investment in the monitoring system is the result of long-term benefits, and serving the check dam system is only its phased mission. First, it serves rural revitalization construction in the later period, which not only expands the scope of application of the monitoring system, but also solves the problem of later operation and maintenance. The check dam optimization scheme system constructed in the present invention can serve the check dam construction projects in ecologically fragile areas across the country. The check dam system can also serve the purpose of conserving water sources. By setting up a scientifically optimized check dam system, the groundwater resources in the basin can be effectively protected and groundwater increased.

The embodiments of the present invention are explained by taking the demonstration study of the invention scheme in a river basin in Ordos, Inner Mongolia as an example:

1. On-site monitoring system layout. Monitoring equipment is deployed at different locations in the basin according to the preliminary monitoring plan, which mainly includes the deployment of meteorological collection systems, soil erosion monitoring systems, flow monitoring systems and other facilities. At the same time, the debugging equipment can interact with indoor data terminals. .

2. Construction of check dam system. Based on the monitoring data, we summarize and analyze the sand production in different channels. Channels with less sand production are protected by single-stage check dams. For check dams with large sand production, stepped dams are used. This process The overall plan of making full use of gradual energy dissipation is used to select the spacing of check dams, and the last level check dam can be used to block the sediment generated in the entire basin.

3. Dam type adjustment. After the main structure of the dam body is determined, the structure of the dam type should be appropriately adjusted according to the bends of the channel and other conditions, and anti-scouring measures should be mainly installed at the backwater bay and other locations to improve the prevention and control effect of the entire check dam.

4. Joint testing of check dam system. Due to the large scale of the check dam system, the protective effect of the check dam must be determined based on the on-site data obtained by the on-site monitoring system during the rainy season. If there is still a large amount of sediment generated at the end and behind the check dam, the entire check dam needs to be further optimized and adjusted. Protection system, optimize the entire protection system by adding check dams and other methods, and summarize a large amount of monitoring data deployed on site into the indoor data terminal.

5. Customization of intelligent solutions for check dam systems. The indoor data terminal collects a large amount of data on the check dam protection system, inputs the terrain parameters in the basin into the system, and continuously trains the model, allowing the machine model to learn how to set up the check dam system under different terrain and rainfall conditions. Finally, After the basic parameters of the new watershed are input into the system, the system can provide a check dam protection system suitable for the watershed through artificial intelligence, including check dam type, number of installations, check dam spacing, and dam height and width of different levels of dams. and other parameters.

6. Construction of ecological measures. The use of the check dam system has a certain period. When the sedimentation volume of the entire dam reaches 80% of the dam height, trees will be planted in the land behind the check dam. The installation will begin after the sedimentation volume reaches 85% of the dam height. Shrubs, herbaceous plants will be installed when the sedimentation amount reaches more than 90% of the dam height, and finally an ecological community will be built, and the underground water storage structure will be used for groundwater recharge. In the later stage, after the siltation dam fails, the plant community will begin to play the purpose of preventing erosion and controlling sand.

7. Integrated system operation and maintenance. After the later ecological measures of the entire check dam system are constructed, water and soil loss in the basin is greatly reduced, local groundwater resources are conserved, and crops can be planted in the later period, benefiting local farmers and herdsmen, effectively unifying ecological management and rural revitalization, and finally Serve local. The data obtained from the various monitoring systems built in the early stage can serve the local smart rural construction in the later stage and provide monitoring data. The built data platform serves the local economic construction, and the later operation and maintenance of the equipment has also been properly solved.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, and substitutions can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention. and modifications, the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (6)

1. An optimized construction method of a river basin type corrosion-resistant sand-control silt-land dam system is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) The on-site monitoring system is arranged, monitoring equipment is arranged at different positions in the river basin according to the early-stage monitoring scheme, the on-site monitoring system comprises self-feedback weather station system arrangement, sediment quantity monitoring system arrangement and flow monitoring system facility arrangement, and meanwhile, the debugging equipment can interact with the data terminal of the indoor terminal;

(2) Constructing a silt dam system, namely summarizing and analyzing the sand production amount in different channels according to monitoring data, protecting the channels with smaller sand production amount by adopting a single-stage silt dam, protecting the channels with larger sand production amount by adopting a step dam, selecting the spacing of the silt dams by fully utilizing the overall scheme of gradually dissipating energy in the process, and blocking the silt generated in the whole river basin by utilizing the silt dam of the last stage;

(3) After the main body structure of the dam body is determined, the structure of the dam body is properly adjusted according to the curve condition of the channel, and anti-scouring measures are mainly arranged at the position of a backwater bay, so that the prevention and control effect of the whole silt dam is improved;

(4) The method comprises the steps of performing combined test on a silt dam system, determining the protection effect of the silt dam according to field data acquired by a field monitoring system in rainy season because the scale of the silt dam system is large, further optimizing and adjusting the whole silt dam protection system if a large amount of silt is generated after the last silt dam, optimizing the whole protection system by adding the silt dam, and gathering a large amount of field-laid monitoring data into a data terminal of an indoor terminal;

(5) Customizing an intelligent scheme of a silty land dam system, acquiring a large amount of data in the aspect of a silty land dam protection system by a data terminal of an indoor terminal, inputting topographic parameters in a river basin into the system, continuously training a model, enabling a machine model to learn to acquire how to set the silty land dam system under different topography and rainfall conditions, and finally inputting basic parameters of a new river basin into the system, wherein the system can provide a silty land dam protection system suitable for the river basin through artificial intelligence, and the system comprises parameters of a silty land dam model, the set number, a silty land dam interval, dam heights and dam widths of different grades of dams;

(6) The ecological measures are constructed, the use of the silt dam system has a certain period, when the silt amount of the whole dam body reaches 80% of the height of the dam body, arbor is planted in the land behind the silt dam, shrubs are arranged after the silt amount reaches 85% of the height of the dam body, herbaceous plants are arranged when the silt amount reaches more than 90% of the height of the dam body, an ecological community is finally constructed, groundwater is supplemented by utilizing an underground water storage structure, and the plant community starts to play the roles of corrosion prevention and sand control after the later silt dam fails;

(7) The operation and maintenance of the comprehensive system are greatly reduced, and the water and soil loss in the river basin is greatly reduced after the later ecological measures of the whole silt dam system are constructed, so that the crop planting can be carried out in the later period; constructing a data platform by data acquired by various monitoring systems constructed in advance;

the optimized river basin type corrosion prevention and sand control silt land dam system comprises a platform support (2), a silt land dam (5), a silt amount monitoring system (6), a flow monitoring system (7), a video scanning monitoring system (8), a field emission terminal (9) and an indoor terminal (10), wherein a power system (3) and a self-feedback weather station system (4) are arranged on the platform support (2), the silt land dam (5) is arranged at the bottom of a river basin, a computer (11) and a data storage controller (12) are arranged in the indoor terminal (10), a video scanning monitoring system (8) is internally provided with a video storage module for storing data, the stored data are transmitted to the field emission terminal (9), the field emission terminal (9) transmits the data to the indoor terminal (10) in real time, the data storage controller (12) stores and sorts the transmitted data, and the remote control can be realized on the silt amount monitoring system (6), the flow monitoring system (7) and the video scanning system (8) according to instructions sent by the computer.

2. The construction method of the optimized basin type corrosion-resistant sand-control silt land dam system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the sediment quantity monitoring system (6) comprises a laser signal amplifier (13), the laser signal amplifier (13) is connected with a data acquisition control system (14), the laser signal amplifier (13) is connected with a laser emitter (16), a power supply system (15) is connected with a power system (3), a laser probe (18) is arranged at the front end of the sediment quantity monitoring system (6), a fixed support (17) is arranged at the bottom of the sediment quantity monitoring system (6), a turntable system (27) is arranged above the fixed support (17), a steering driver (19) is arranged on the turntable system (27), the laser probe (18) is opposite to a reflecting surface system (20), the reflecting surface system (20) is connected with a data acquisition module (21), the reflecting surface system (20) is connected with a reflecting rod system (24), a rotating system (26) is arranged above a pile anchoring system (25), the pile anchoring system (25) is fixed on the ground, a sunlight acquisition system (23) is connected with a power transmission station (22), and the power transmission station (22) supplies power to the reflecting surface system (20) and the data acquisition module (26);

The platform support (2) has an automatic lifting function, antirust paint is sprayed on the outer side of the platform support (2), and the inside of the platform support is of a hollow structure.

3. The construction method of the optimized basin type corrosion-resistant sand-control silt land dam system according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the electric power system (3) is composed of a wind power generation module, a solar power generation module, a storage battery and an intelligent controller, electric energy is stored in the storage battery after the wind power generation module and the solar power generation module generate electricity, the intelligent controller monitors the current running state of the whole system in the power generation and discharging process, and when the current is abnormal, the current is automatically adjusted, so that the functions of voltage stabilization and self detection are achieved.

4. The construction method of the optimized basin type corrosion-resistant sand-control silt land dam system according to claim 3, wherein the construction method comprises the following steps: the self-feedback weather station system (4) monitors wind speed, rainfall, temperature, humidity, air pressure and solar illumination indexes in a flow area in real time, stores and transmits data to the field emission terminal (9), the self-feedback weather station system (4) is internally provided with a self-feedback module, when thunder and rain weather occurs, a lightning alarm in the system is started, and a built-in lightning protection antenna stretches out and is contacted with the ground.

5. The construction method of the optimized basin type corrosion-resistant sand-control silt land dam system, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: silt land dam (5) the place ahead is provided with silt siltation face (29), silt siltation face (29) bottom is provided with filtration system (30), filtration system (30) bottom is provided with water storage system (31), water storage system (31) bottom is provided with water barrier system (32), water storage system (31) are including coarse sand layer (33), well sand layer (34) and fine sand layer (35) that from the top down arrange in proper order, be provided with shaft (36) on silt siltation face (29), shaft (36) bottom extends to water storage system (31) bottom, be provided with pump house system (37) on shaft (36), be provided with power supply system (38), water pipe system (39) and unidirectional membrane system (40) on pump house system (37).

6. The construction method of the optimized basin type corrosion-resistant sand-control silt land dam system, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: be provided with filtration layer (41) on silt dam (5) side, silt dam (5) top is inside to be provided with spillway (42), and silt dam (5) upper portion is provided with flood control system (43), is provided with lift (45) on flood control system (43), and lift (45) are connected with information control module (44), are provided with flood monitoring system (46) and video monitoring system (47) on silt dam (5).