CN115419022B - Optimized watershed type corrosion-resistant sand-control siltation ground dam system and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Optimized watershed type corrosion-resistant sand-control siltation ground dam system and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B7/00—Barrages or weirs; Layout, construction, methods of, or devices for, making same
- E02B7/02—Fixed barrages
- E02B7/04—Dams across valleys
- E02B7/08—Wall dams
- E02B7/10—Gravity dams, i.e. those in which the weight of the structure prevents overturning
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E02B7/00—Barrages or weirs; Layout, construction, methods of, or devices for, making same
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
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- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/06—Spillways; Devices for dissipation of energy, e.g. for reducing eddies also for lock or dry-dock gates
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optimized watershed type corrosion-prevention sand-control silt dam system and a construction method thereof, the system comprises a platform support, a silt dam, a silt amount monitoring system, a flow monitoring system, a video scanning monitoring system, a field emission terminal and an indoor terminal, wherein the platform support is provided with a power system and a self-feedback weather station system, the road-silt dam is arranged at the bottom of a watershed, a computer and a data storage controller are arranged in the indoor terminal, the video scanning monitoring system is internally provided with a video storage module for storing data and transmitting the stored data to the field emission terminal, the field emission terminal transmits the data to the indoor terminal in real time, the data storage controller stores and classifies the transmitted data and has a calculation function, and the silt amount monitoring system, the flow monitoring system and the video scanning monitoring system can be remotely controlled according to instructions sent by the computer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water and soil loss prevention and control, in particular to an optimized watershed type erosion and sand and silt prevention earth dam system and a construction method thereof.
Background
The silt dam is a common protective measure for water and soil loss areas, and the occurrence of local water and soil loss can be effectively reduced by constructing the silt dam. In recent years, with the continuous promotion of the ecological management of the country, the water and soil loss phenomenon of the yellow river basin is greatly improved, and the important function of leaving the silt-free earth dam is played. The silt dam is used as a dam construction, and the silt dam, the silt dam of the hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering, the hollow storage dam and the like are protected in the conventional mode because of the earth formed by silt blocking, so that a plurality of engineers are mainly concentrated on continuously improving and perfecting the integral structure of the silt dam, for example, the anti-scouring capability of slope protection is improved, the surfaces of the upstream dam slope and the downstream dam slope of the homogeneous earth dam are provided with a mixed material protective layer with the thickness of 1.0-3.0 m, and for timely discharging water seepage in the dam body, a plurality of layers of drainage blind pipes are buried in the homogeneous earth dam body at intervals, and the pipe orifice of the drainage blind pipe extends out of the downstream dam slope; and filling a 2-meter thick mixed material layer at the dam crest of the homogeneous earth dam body, wherein the mixed material layer is connected with mixed material protection layers paved on the surfaces of upstream and downstream dam slopes into a whole. The concrete columns are arranged in part of the silt land dam, and the top of each concrete column is supported with a horizontal guide plate with one end inserted on the surface of the steep slope section; a plurality of guide upright posts are arranged in the force dissipating section, guide sleeves are embedded in the guide upright posts, and the bridge plate is horizontally supported on the guide upright posts through the guide sleeves; the lower surface of the bridge plate is fixedly connected with a plurality of inflatable air bags, and the upper surface of the bridge plate is provided with a plurality of railings. In order to maintain the stability of the dam body, the mode of reinforcing agent and water storage tank is adopted to reduce the impact of water flow to the dam body, and the silt dam which is stacked by adopting a box-type net mould, the silt dam which is provided with a floating body to control a flexible water discharging device, a drain hole plug and other forms are also adopted to improve the stability of the dam body, so that the effect of preventing water and soil loss can be better exerted. Then, in the process of preventing soil erosion, the measures adopted by numerous engineers consider the dam body, however, for one river basin, although the soil erosion dam is arranged, the prevention and control effects are limited, the setting of the soil erosion dam is lack of scientific and reasonable technical scheme, the stability of the dam body is emphasized by the people, however, a river basin is provided with a plurality of soil erosion dams, how the dam types are selected, how the soil erosion dams are arranged on branches and main roads are distinguished, how many adjacent dam body intervals of the soil erosion dams are arranged, and the like are not solved, so that the erosion prevention and control effects of the soil erosion dam in the river basin are limited. The invention aims to provide an optimized river basin type erosion-control sand-silting dam system and a construction method thereof, so that the whole silting dam system can play a role in a river basin, a better erosion-control sand effect can be exerted, the utilization efficiency of the silting dam can be further improved, and a foundation is laid for improving the environment of a fragile ecological area of China.
In the prior art, reinforcement treatment is mainly carried out on the dam body of the silt dam, so that the stability of the dam body is improved, the dam plays a better anti-scouring role, and the water and soil loss is reduced;
in the prior art, a waterproof hole plug, a hollow water storage structure, an anti-seepage reinforcing structure and the like are arranged in the silt dam to reduce the damage effect of water pressure on the silt dam and dissipate the influence of the reduction of pore water pressure.
In the prior art, drainage facilities are arranged on sloping fields at two sides of a river valley, and a drainage path is fixed to reduce a large amount of sediment generated by rain wash.
The defects are as follows:
1. in the prior art, the dam body is reinforced, the stability of the dam body is obviously improved, but when the upstream sediment content is large, a single dam body is insufficient to resist a large amount of sediment, and after a large amount of sediment is deposited, the dam head is overflowed, so that the dam is invalid or even damaged;
2. in the prior art, the damage of water pressure to the silted dam is reduced by adopting a waterproof hole plug, a hollow water storage structure, an anti-seepage reinforcing structure and the like, when heavy rainfall occurs in a river basin, surface water is often very abundant, a large amount of rainwater can cause flood to overflow the dam to cause dam break, and then the dam breaks down;
3. the drainage facilities arranged on the slope are relatively high in cost and high in construction difficulty, and sediment flushing the slope can be accumulated in the channel to cause the sediment to fail.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the optimized watershed type corrosion-resistant sand-control silt-removing dam system and the construction method thereof, a step silt-removing dam is arranged in a watershed of a fragile rock-soil area, dynamic change rules of silt quantity are determined by combining field monitoring facilities, the setting quantity of the dam bodies is determined on the basis by utilizing machine learning and artificial intelligence, the river channel scouring monitoring system is combined to optimally design the silt-removing dam type, a large amount of silt is resisted by the step dams, and the destabilization damage of the dam bodies is prevented and treated by step-by-step energy dissipation; the spillway is arranged on the dam body to prevent the dam body from being damaged by water flow scouring, the reverse filter layer is utilized to dissipate pore water pressure, the dam is prevented from being damaged due to overhigh pore water pressure, the erosion prevention and sand control effects of the silt dam are further improved, and the water and soil loss is reduced.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the utility model provides an optimized basin formula anticorrosion accuse sand siltation dam system, its includes platform support, siltation dam, silt volume monitoring system, flow monitoring system, video scanning monitoring system, on-the-spot emission terminal and indoor terminal, be provided with electrical power system and self-feedback weather station system on the platform support, the siltation dam sets up in the basin bottom, be provided with computer and data storage controller in the indoor terminal, video scanning monitoring system embeds video storage module and stores the data to the on-the-spot emission terminal after will storing, on-the-spot emission terminal transmits the data to indoor terminal in real time, and data storage controller stores and sorts the data that is transmitted back, has the computational function concurrently to can realize remote control to silt volume monitoring system, flow monitoring system, video scanning monitoring system according to the instruction that the computer sent.
The sediment quantity monitoring system comprises a laser signal amplifier, the laser signal amplifier is connected with a data acquisition control system, the laser signal amplifier is connected with a laser transmitter, a power supply system is connected with a power system, a laser probe is arranged at the front end of the sediment quantity monitoring system, a fixed support is arranged at the bottom of the sediment quantity monitoring system, a turntable system is arranged above the fixed support, a steering driver is arranged on the turntable system, the laser probe is opposite to a reflecting surface system, the reflecting surface system is connected with a data acquisition module, the reflecting surface system is connected with a reflecting rod system, a rotating system is arranged above a pile anchoring system, the pile anchoring system is fixed on the ground, a sunlight acquisition system is arranged on the sediment quantity monitoring system, the sunlight acquisition system is connected with a power transmission station, and the power transmission station supplies power to the reflecting surface system, the data acquisition module and the rotating system;
the platform support has the automatic lifting function, and antirust paint is sprayed on the outer side of the platform support, and the interior of the platform support is of a hollow structure.
The power system consists of a wind power generation module, a solar power generation module, a storage battery and an intelligent controller, wherein electric energy is stored in the storage battery after the wind power generation module and the solar power generation module generate power, the intelligent controller monitors the current running state of the whole system in the power generation and discharging process, and when the current is abnormal, the current is automatically adjusted to play the functions of voltage stabilization and self detection.
The self-feedback weather station system monitors wind speed, rainfall, temperature, humidity, air pressure and solar illumination indexes in a flow area in real time, stores and transmits data to the field emission terminal, the self-feedback weather station system is internally provided with a self-feedback module, and when thunder and rain weather occurs, a lightning alarm in the system is started, and a built-in lightning antenna stretches out and contacts with the ground.
The silt land dam is characterized in that a silt deposition surface is arranged in front of the silt land dam, a percolation system is arranged at the bottom of the silt deposition surface, a water storage system is arranged at the bottom of the percolation system, a water-resisting layer system is arranged at the bottom of the water storage system, the water storage system comprises a coarse sand layer, a middle sand layer and a fine sand layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, a vertical shaft is arranged on the silt deposition surface, the bottom of the vertical shaft extends to the bottom of the water storage system, a pump room system is arranged on the vertical shaft, and a power supply system, a water pipe system and a unidirectional film system are arranged on the pump room system.
The flood control system is characterized in that a percolating layer is arranged on the side edge of the silt dam, a spillway is arranged in the top of the silt dam, a flood control system is arranged on the upper portion of the silt dam, an elevator is arranged on the flood control system and is connected with the information control module, and a flood monitoring system and a video monitoring system are arranged on the silt dam.
An optimized construction method of a river basin type corrosion-resistant sand-control silt-land dam system comprises the following steps:
1. the on-site monitoring system is arranged, monitoring equipment is arranged at different positions in the river basin according to the early-stage monitoring scheme, the on-site monitoring system comprises self-feedback weather station system arrangement, sediment quantity monitoring system arrangement and flow monitoring system facility arrangement, and meanwhile, the debugging equipment can interact with the data terminal of the indoor terminal;
2. the method comprises the steps of constructing a silt dam system, summarizing and analyzing the sand production amount in different channels according to monitoring data, protecting the channels with smaller sand production amount by adopting a single-stage silt dam, setting the silt dams with larger sand production amount by adopting a step dam, selecting the spacing of the silt dams by fully utilizing the overall scheme of gradually dissipating energy in the process, and blocking the silt generated in the whole river basin by utilizing the silt dam of the last stage;
3. after the main structure of the dam body is determined, the structure of the dam body is properly adjusted according to the curve condition of the channel, and anti-scouring measures are mainly arranged at the position of a backwater bay, so that the prevention and control effect of the whole silt dam is improved;
4. the method comprises the steps of performing combined test on a silt land dam system, determining the protection effect of the silt land dam according to field data acquired by a field monitoring system in a rainy season because the scale of the silt land dam system is large, further optimizing and adjusting the whole silt land dam protection system if a large amount of silt is generated finally and after the silt land dam, optimizing the whole protection system by adding the silt land dam, and gathering a large amount of field-laid monitoring data into a data terminal of an indoor terminal;
5. The intelligent scheme of the silty dam system is customized, an indoor data terminal collects a large amount of data in the aspect of a silty dam protection system, the model is continuously trained, a machine model is learned to acquire how to set the silty dam system under different terrains and rainfall conditions, and finally, after the basic parameters of a new river basin are input into the system, the system can provide a silty dam protection system suitable for the river basin through artificial intelligence, wherein the system comprises parameters of a silty dam model, the set number, a silty dam spacing, dam heights of different levels of dams and dam widths;
6. ecological measures are constructed, the use of a silt dam system has a certain period, when the silt amount of the whole dam body reaches 80% of the height of the dam body, arbor is planted in the land behind the silt dam, shrubs are arranged after the silt amount reaches 85% of the height of the dam body, herbaceous plants are arranged when the silt amount reaches more than 90% of the height of the dam body, an ecological community is finally constructed, groundwater is supplemented by utilizing an underground water storage structure, and after the silt dam is in failure in the later stage, the plant community starts to play the roles of corrosion prevention and sand control;
7. after the operation and maintenance of the comprehensive system and the construction of the later ecological measures of the whole silt dam system, the water and soil loss in the river basin is greatly reduced, and the later crop planting can be carried out; and constructing a data platform by data acquired by various monitoring systems constructed in advance.
The system and the construction method provided by the invention are used for continuously accumulating data in the process of setting the silt dam, optimizing the whole system by utilizing the accumulated data, are not contradictory with the existing silt dam setting process, are upgrading and perfecting the prior art, and further improve the utilization efficiency of the silt dam technology. The whole system is built based on a self-feedback program, a self-protection module is arranged, the function of preventing water and soil loss can be effectively exerted, meanwhile, the self-protection module is connected with the later-stage utilization construction, the investment of the monitoring system is the result of long-term income, the service of the silting dam system is only one of the stage missions, and the later-stage service of the country plain construction is realized, so that the application range of the monitoring system is widened, and the problem of later-stage operation and maintenance is solved. The silt dam optimization scheme system constructed in the invention can serve the silt dam construction engineering of the nationwide ecological fragile area. The silt dam system can also play the purpose of conserving water sources, and the ground water resources in the river basin can be effectively protected and the ground water is increased by arranging the silt dam system which is scientifically optimized.
The invention adopts a technical method of protecting ecological environment by a siltation dam combining engineering and ecology, and adopts engineering measures to construct a technical method of planting environment, thereby gradually realizing radical treatment of water and soil loss.
The invention provides a technical method for providing a siltation dam system control scheme based on the combination of on-site monitoring, machine learning and artificial intelligence, and provides a control system suitable for different watercourses according to local conditions, so that sand is prevented and controlled to the greatest extent.
The technical scheme provided by the invention can be popularized and applied in fragile rock and soil areas, a water storage layer is preset in the dam construction process and is positioned in a certain range in front of the silted dam, plants are planted in the silted soil in the later stage by combining the effect of the silted dam, the rock and soil mass is stabilized from the root, water is supplied to the plants by utilizing the preset water storage layer, the survival rate of the plants is improved, the rock and soil mass is stabilized from the root, the later stage water and soil loss is reduced, namely, the water and soil loss is controlled by combining engineering-ecology measures, the earlier stage is based on engineering, and the later stage is based on ecology measures, so that a continuous water and soil loss prevention and control system is established.
Compared with the prior art, the technical proposal of the invention has the beneficial effects that
1. According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the step dams are arranged to effectively prevent the silt dam from being damaged by silt or flood, so that the service cycle of the silt dam is fully prolonged.
2. According to the river basin characteristic-conforming silt dam design scheme, the on-site monitoring system is combined with the indoor machine learning model, so that customized river basin characteristic-conforming silt dam design schemes can be provided for different river basins, and water and soil loss is effectively reduced.
3. The invention combines engineering and ecological measures, can effectively prolong the service cycle of the silted dam, and can radically solve the problem of water and soil loss of the river basin.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic overall view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an in-situ silt monitoring system;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a siltation dam water storage system;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the whole structure of the silt dam.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-4, the present invention provides a technical solution: the optimized river basin type corrosion-resistant sand-control silt-land dam system comprises a platform support 2, a silt-land dam 5, a silt amount monitoring system 6, a flow monitoring system 7, a video scanning monitoring system 8, a field emission terminal 9 and an indoor terminal 10, wherein the platform support 2 is provided with a power system 3 and a self-feedback weather station system 4, the silt-land dam 5 is arranged at the bottom of a river basin, a computer 11 and a data storage controller 12 are arranged in the indoor terminal 10, the video scanning monitoring system 8 is internally provided with a video storage module for storing data and transmitting the stored data to the field emission terminal 9, the field emission terminal 9 transmits the data to the indoor terminal 10 in real time, the data storage controller 12 stores and classifies the transmitted data, has a calculation function, and can realize remote control on the silt amount monitoring system 6, the flow monitoring system 7 and the video scanning monitoring system 8 according to instructions sent by the computer.
The sediment quantity monitoring system 6 comprises a laser signal amplifier 13, the laser signal amplifier 13 is connected with a data acquisition control system 14, the laser signal amplifier 13 is connected with a laser emitter 16, a power supply system 15 is connected with a power system 3, a laser probe 18 is arranged at the front end of the sediment quantity monitoring system 6, a fixed support 17 is arranged at the bottom of the sediment quantity monitoring system 6, a turntable system 27 is arranged above the fixed support 17, a steering driver 19 is arranged on the turntable system 27, the laser probe 18 is opposite to a reflecting surface system 20, the reflecting surface system 20 is connected with a data acquisition module 21, the reflecting surface system 20 is connected with a reflecting rod system 24, a rotating system 26 is arranged above a pile anchoring system 25, the pile anchoring system 25 is fixed on the ground, a sunlight acquisition system 23 is arranged on the sediment quantity monitoring system 6, the sunlight acquisition system 23 is connected with a power transmission station 22, and the power transmission station 22 supplies power to the reflecting surface system 20, the data acquisition module 21 and the rotating system 26;
the platform support 2 has an automatic lifting function, antirust paint is sprayed on the outer side of the platform support 2, and the inside of the platform support is of a hollow structure.
The power system 3 is composed of a wind power generation module, a solar power generation module, a storage battery and an intelligent controller, electric energy is stored in the storage battery after the wind power generation module and the solar power generation module generate power, the intelligent controller monitors the current running state of the whole system in the power generation and discharging process, and when the current is abnormal, the current is automatically adjusted to play the functions of voltage stabilization and self detection.
The self-feedback weather station system 4 monitors the wind speed, rainfall, temperature, humidity, air pressure and solar illumination indexes in a current area in real time, stores and transmits data to the field emission terminal 9, the self-feedback weather station system 4 is internally provided with a self-feedback module, when thunder and rain weather occurs, a lightning alarm in the system is started, and a built-in lightning protection antenna stretches out and contacts with the ground.
The silt land dam 5 the place ahead is provided with silt siltation face 29, silt siltation face 29 bottom is provided with filtration system 30, filtration system 30 bottom is provided with water storage system 31, water storage system 31 bottom is provided with water barrier system 32, water storage system 31 is including coarse sand layer 33, well sand layer 34 and the fine sand layer 35 that from the top down arrange in proper order, be provided with shaft 36 on the silt siltation face 29, shaft 36 bottom extends to water storage system 31 bottom, be provided with pump house system 37 on the shaft 36, be provided with power supply system 38, water pipe system 39 and unidirectional film system 40 on the pump house system 37.
The side of the silt dam 5 is provided with a percolating layer 41, the inside of the top of the silt dam 5 is provided with a spillway 42, the upper part of the silt dam 5 is provided with a flood control system 43, the flood control system 43 is provided with an elevator 45, the elevator 45 is connected with an information control module 44, and the silt dam 5 is provided with a flood monitoring system 46 and a video monitoring system 47.
An optimized construction method of a river basin type corrosion-resistant sand-control silt-land dam system comprises the following steps:
1. the on-site monitoring system is arranged, monitoring equipment is arranged at different positions in the river basin according to the early-stage monitoring scheme, the on-site monitoring system comprises self-feedback weather station system arrangement, sediment quantity monitoring system arrangement and flow monitoring system facility arrangement, and meanwhile, the debugging equipment can interact with the data terminal of the indoor terminal;
2. the method comprises the steps of constructing a silt dam system, summarizing and analyzing the sand production amount in different channels according to monitoring data, protecting the channels with smaller sand production amount by adopting a single-stage silt dam, setting the silt dams with larger sand production amount by adopting a step dam, selecting the spacing of the silt dams by fully utilizing the overall scheme of gradually dissipating energy in the process, and blocking the silt generated in the whole river basin by utilizing the silt dam of the last stage;
3. after the main structure of the dam body is determined, the structure of the dam body is properly adjusted according to the curve condition of the channel, and anti-scouring measures are mainly arranged at the position of a backwater bay, so that the prevention and control effect of the whole silt dam is improved;
4. the method comprises the steps of performing combined test on a silt land dam system, determining the protection effect of the silt land dam according to field data acquired by a field monitoring system in a rainy season because the scale of the silt land dam system is large, further optimizing and adjusting the whole silt land dam protection system if a large amount of silt is generated finally and after the silt land dam, optimizing the whole protection system by adding the silt land dam, and gathering a large amount of field-laid monitoring data into a data terminal of an indoor terminal;
5. The intelligent scheme of the silty dam system is customized, an indoor data terminal collects a large amount of data in the aspect of a silty dam protection system, the model is continuously trained, a machine model is learned to acquire how to set the silty dam system under different terrains and rainfall conditions, and finally, after the basic parameters of a new river basin are input into the system, the system can provide a silty dam protection system suitable for the river basin through artificial intelligence, wherein the system comprises parameters of a silty dam model, the set number, a silty dam spacing, dam heights of different levels of dams and dam widths;
6. ecological measures are constructed, the use of a silt dam system has a certain period, when the silt amount of the whole dam body reaches 80% of the height of the dam body, arbor is planted in the land behind the silt dam, shrubs are arranged after the silt amount reaches 85% of the height of the dam body, herbaceous plants are arranged when the silt amount reaches more than 90% of the height of the dam body, an ecological community is finally constructed, groundwater is supplemented by utilizing an underground water storage structure, and after the silt dam is in failure in the later stage, the plant community starts to play the roles of corrosion prevention and sand control;
7. after the operation and maintenance of the comprehensive system and the construction of the later ecological measures of the whole silt dam system, the water and soil loss in the river basin is greatly reduced, and the later crop planting can be carried out; and constructing a data platform by data acquired by various monitoring systems constructed in advance.
Example 1
An optimized basin type erosion-control sand-silting ground dam system and a construction method thereof are shown in fig. 1, wherein the system comprises: the river basin mainly comprises a plurality of typical valleys, wherein the river basin comprises a plurality of hills, a plurality of branch furrows and a main furrow, and typical watershed exists between different river basins, so that the river basin is a monitoring and silt dam layout area; the platform bracket 2 has the main functions of supporting an upper electric power system and a weather station system, and meanwhile, the bracket system has an automatic lifting function, so that an upper structure can be lowered in maintenance, the maintenance is convenient, meanwhile, the outer side of a bracket barrel is sprayed with antirust paint, and the inside of the bracket barrel is of a hollow structure, so that a cable can conveniently pass through; the power system 3 is composed of a wind power generation module, a solar power generation module, a storage battery and an intelligent controller, wherein the wind power generation module and the solar power generation module mainly generate power through respective systems, then store electric energy in the storage battery, the intelligent controller has the main functions of monitoring the current running state of the whole system in the power generation and discharge processes, automatically adjusting the current after the current is abnormal, playing the functions of voltage stabilization and self detection, instantly breaking power to protect the whole system once emergency occurs, feeding back monitoring information to an indoor terminal for maintenance personnel to judge, and instantly improving the power supply quantity when the sensor and the data transmitter run at full load, and realizing intelligent control by reducing the power discharge quantity when no rainfall is generated and saving the electric energy when part of the sensor enters a dormant state; the self-feedback weather station system 4 has the main functions of monitoring indexes such as wind speed, rainfall, temperature, humidity, air pressure, solar illumination and the like in a flow area in real time, storing and transmitting data to a data transmitter, wherein a self-feedback module is arranged in the system; the silt dam system constructed in the gully has the main functions of preventing and controlling silt in the river channel and reducing water and soil loss; the sediment quantity monitoring system 6 has the main functions of monitoring the sediment content in a river channel in real time, enabling the system to be in a dormant state in a non-rainy season, enabling the whole system to normally operate when rainfall occurs, monitoring the sediment quantity in real time, accurately calculating and determining the sediment quantity mainly based on a laser scanning section method, and feeding data back to a transmission terminal; the flow monitoring system 7 is used for measuring and calculating the monitoring area of the monitoring system before the system is arranged, monitoring the flow of rainwater in a certain area when later rainfall occurs, converting and displaying the flow into the flow after catchment, further providing a basis for calculating the flow of water generated by the whole river basin, intelligently monitoring the flow at the arranging position by the existing sensor, and acquiring the flow generated on a certain catchment area by the monitoring system, wherein the application range of the monitoring precision and the data is expanded, and the flow monitoring system is one of the obvious innovation points of the invention; the video scanning monitoring system 8 can monitor the running condition of the whole monitoring system on site in real time, monitor the running condition of the silt dam in real time at the same time, store the data by the built-in video storage module and transmit the stored data to the transmitting terminal; the field transmitting terminal 9 has the main function of transmitting the data acquired on site to the indoor transmission terminal in real time for analysis by staff, wherein the data transmission of the terminal adopts intermittent transmission, and the transmission interval can be set manually and is connected with each monitoring system in the figure through wireless communication; an indoor terminal 10 including a computer and a data storage controller; the computer 11 analyzes data and trains a machine model to formulate services for the silt dam protection schemes of different watercourses in the later period; the data storage controller 12 stores and sorts the data transmitted back to the whole site, has a calculation function, and can realize remote control on each monitoring system on the site according to instructions sent by a computer.
As shown in fig. 2, the laser signal amplifier 13 mainly has the function of adjusting the laser system according to weather and other reasons, enhancing or properly weakening the laser, ensuring the accuracy of the test result and being capable of monitoring the sediment amount in real time under complex weather conditions; the data acquisition control system 14 has the main functions of storing, transmitting and simply analyzing the test data acquired in the whole system, controlling and adjusting the whole system according to the instruction of the indoor control terminal, and transmitting the acquired data to the data acquisition terminal in fig. 1 mainly through the wireless transmission module; the power supply system 15 regulates voltage and current after reaching the system by using the power supply system in fig. 1, and transmits proper current to each sensor and controller, so as to ensure voltage stability and protect each constructed power safety; the laser transmitter 16 mainly directly transmits laser beams with different frequencies according to the instruction transmitted by the laser signal amplifier 13, and can start the bottom laser probe or the top laser probe through adjustment, or can start the two laser probes simultaneously; the fixed support 17 of the whole test system is generally fixed in a form of anchoring with the ground, so that the impact of flowing water and sediment on the whole monitoring device can be effectively prevented, the safety of the whole system is ensured, a pile foundation is arranged at the bottom of a complex area, the whole support is connected with the pile foundation through a reinforcing steel bar lap joint mode, and the stability and the safety of the whole system are ensured; the laser probe 18 scans the whole ground in real time, the upper and lower two probes are normal scanning probes at the bottom and gain supplementing probes at the top, after the two scanning probes are started at the same time, the whole stratum change of the laser overlapping area can be monitored in real time, the accuracy of the test result is further improved, the system mainly can automatically adjust the lens, integrally adjust the laser beam after being matched with the laser transmitter 16, so as to achieve the best test effect, and a built-in receiver is used for receiving and collecting the reflected laser; the steering driver 19 mainly controls the turntable system 27 to rotate, the module is directly controlled by the data acquisition control system 14 and indirectly controlled by an indoor computer terminal, and can realize remote control of any angle rotation, and the module is internally provided with a steering motor and rotates in coordination with instructions, and is realized through the turntable system 27; the reflecting surface system 20 has the main functions of reflecting and reinforcing the emitted laser and providing feedback for the emitting system, and the self-feeding type laser emission regulating system is also one of the remarkable innovation points of the invention; the data acquisition module 21 has the main functions of storing and transmitting laser data acquired by the reflecting surface system, and transmitting the data to the data acquisition control system 14 through a wireless terminal; the power transmission station 22 mainly supplies power to each module to ensure the voltage stability in operation; the sunlight collecting system 23 is used for collecting sunlight in real time, transmitting sunlight data to the data collecting control terminal 14 so as to adjust laser beams under different illumination conditions, so that the whole system achieves an optimal test effect, and particularly in the rainfall process, the system can directly feed back the illumination condition through comparison, so that the performance of the laser system achieves an optimal state; a reflective spindle system 24 to protect the various sensors in the emission system; the pile anchoring system 25, the main function of which is to fix the whole reflective rod system, ensuring its stability; the rotating system 26 has the same function as the rotating system formed by the steering driver 19 and the turntable system 27, and only drives the laser reflection system to rotate, so that the sediment monitoring system is often arranged in a net shape, and different monitors can be in linkage monitoring under the control of a computer; the main function of the turntable system 27 is to rotate the entire system at any angle after cooperating with the steering drive 19.
As shown in fig. 3, the silt dam 5 has the main function of blocking silt impacted in the river; a sediment accumulation surface 29, the main function of which is to store sediment flushed in the river; the infiltration system 30 has the main functions of filtering redundant water in the deposited sediment in the river channel, the upper part of the layer comprises a layer of unidirectional permeable membrane which can allow the water to flow downwards and can effectively prevent the water generated by evaporation from being scattered, and the whole filtering system filters and infiltrates the deposited sediment and accumulated water generated in surface rainfall, so that the water quality standard is improved; the water storage system 31 stores water by arranging different rock soil layers instead of the water tank, so that the water storage system can be effectively prevented from being effective due to collapse of the water tank, meanwhile, the water can be always in a clean state, the water is not easy to be polluted, the water storage layer structure in the nature is simulated to be laid, and the natural law is met; a water barrier system 32, the primary function of which is to block further seepage and loss of water from the water storage system; a coarse sand layer 33 for storing water; a middle sand layer 34 for storing water; a fine sand layer 35 for storing water; a vertical shaft 36 for irrigating the plants by water in the vertical shaft swabbing water storage system after the later vegetation is planted; the pump house system 37 mainly pumps underground water to provide a power source, and the irrigation in the invention is mainly based on the drip irrigation technology, so that the water utilization efficiency is greatly improved; a power supply system 38 for supplying electric power mainly to the pump house; a water pipe system 39 for supplying pumped groundwater to vegetation on one hand and receiving groundwater supplied from other deep wells to irrigate the whole system on the other hand; the unidirectional film system 40 allows moisture to permeate down and does not allow moisture to escape up. The stratum structure that sets up in this system sets up the needs of considering later stage vegetation growth, and later stage vegetation growth is better, and water supply system can still further utilize, and the water source is by providing groundwater around after the conservation, and the water barrier that the bottommost set up simultaneously can effectively separate shallow groundwater loss all the time and cause the moisture extravagant, and the unidirectional film on top can effectively reduce the evaporative moisture loss.
As shown in fig. 4, the silt dam 5 has the main function of blocking silt impacted in the river; the percolating layer 41 has the main function of collecting the water in the deposited silt and then collecting the water into a water storage system; spillway 42 through which excess flood is drained when the flood occurs; flood control system 43, which intercepts flood according to flood peak condition and collects surface water to the greatest extent to be collected into underground water storage system; the information control module 44 is used for mainly controlling the lifting height of the flood control system and collecting and transmitting flood and sediment accumulation condition data; the lifter 45 directly lifts the flood control system, controls the porous plate to lift and intercepts flood, intercepts the flood mainly through the interception system in the system work, intercepts silt particles with different particle diameters through the rigid plates with different apertures, discharges excessive surface water, prevents the occurrence of dam break events caused by mass accumulation of the surface water, and can intercept excessive silt behind a siltation dam so as to reduce water and soil loss; the flood monitoring system 46 has the main functions of monitoring flood and sediment content, providing data for the whole self-feedback system, starting a self-protection program when the flow or sediment content reaches a certain threshold value, directly draining excessive flood through a spillway, and starting the whole flood blocking system when a flood peak is in a controllable range, so as to intercept the flood, on one hand, the surface water can be stored, on the other hand, the erosion and the sand control can be prevented, and the damage caused by water and soil loss can be reduced; the video monitoring system 47 mainly monitors the running condition of the whole silt dam system in real time.
The system and the construction method provided by the invention are used for continuously accumulating data in the process of setting the silt dam, optimizing the whole system by utilizing the accumulated data, are not contradictory with the existing silt dam setting process, are used for upgrading and perfecting the prior art, and further improve the utilization efficiency of the silt dam technology. The whole system is built based on a self-feedback program, a self-protection module is arranged, the function of preventing water and soil loss can be effectively exerted, meanwhile, the self-protection module is connected with the later-stage utilization construction, the investment of the monitoring system is the result of long-term income, the service of the silting dam system is only one of the stage missions, and the later-stage service of the country plain construction is realized, so that the application range of the monitoring system is widened, and the problem of later-stage operation and maintenance is solved. The silt dam optimization scheme system constructed in the invention can serve the silt dam construction engineering of the nationwide ecological fragile area. The silt dam system can also play the purpose of conserving water sources, and the ground water resources in the river basin can be effectively protected and the ground water is increased by arranging the silt dam system which is scientifically optimized.
The embodiments of the present invention are described by taking an exemplary study made in a certain drainage basin of inner mongolia, as an example:
1. And (5) laying out an on-site monitoring system. The method comprises the steps of carrying out arrangement of monitoring equipment at different positions in a river basin according to a pre-monitoring scheme, mainly comprising arrangement of a weather acquisition system, arrangement of a water and soil loss monitoring system, arrangement of facilities such as a flow monitoring system and the like, and simultaneously enabling debugging equipment to interact with an indoor data terminal.
2. And (5) constructing a silt dam system. According to the sand production amount in the different channels of monitoring data summarizing analysis, the channels with smaller sand production amount are protected by adopting a single-stage silt dam, the silt dams with larger sand production amount are arranged by adopting a step dam, the interval of the silt dams is selected by fully utilizing the overall scheme of gradually dissipating energy in the process, and the silt produced in the whole river basin can be blocked by utilizing the silt dams of the last stage.
3. And (5) dam type adjustment. After the main structure of the dam body is determined, the structure of the dam body is properly adjusted according to the conditions of a curve and the like of a channel, and anti-scouring measures and the like are mainly arranged at the position of a backwater bay, so that the prevention and control effect of the whole silt dam is improved.
4. And (5) testing the silt dam system. Because the scale of the silt dam system is large, the protection effect of the silt dam is determined according to the field data acquired by the field monitoring system in rainy season, if a large amount of silt is generated finally and after the silt dam, the whole silt dam protection system needs to be further optimized and regulated, the whole protection system is optimized by adding the silt dam and other modes, and a large amount of field-laid monitoring data are summarized into an indoor data terminal.
5. And customizing an intelligent scheme of the silt dam system. The indoor data terminal collects a large amount of data in the aspect of a siltation dam protection system, the terrain parameters in the river basin are input into the system, the model is continuously trained, a machine model is made to learn to acquire the basic parameters of a new river basin after the basic parameters of the river basin are input into the system, and the system can provide the siltation dam protection system suitable for the river basin through artificial intelligence, wherein the parameters comprise the siltation dam types, the set number, the siltation dam spacing, the dam heights and the dam widths of dams of different levels and the like.
6. And (5) constructing ecological measures. The use of the silt dam system has a certain period, when the silt amount of the whole dam body reaches 80% of the height of the dam body, arbor is planted in the land behind the silt dam, shrubs are arranged after the silt amount reaches 85% of the height of the dam body, herbaceous plants are arranged when the silt amount reaches more than 90% of the height of the dam body, an ecological community is finally constructed, underground water is supplemented by utilizing an underground water storage structure, and the plant community starts to play the roles of corrosion prevention and sand control after the later silt dam fails.
7. And (5) integrating system operation and maintenance. After the later ecological measures of the whole silt dam system are constructed, the water and soil loss in the river basin is greatly reduced, the local underground water resource is reserved, the later crop planting can be carried out, the ecological management and the village vibration are effectively unified for benefiting the local farmers, and the local service is finally realized. The data acquired by various monitoring systems constructed in the early stage can be used for providing monitoring data for the local late-stage intelligent rural construction service, the constructed data platform is used for the local economic construction, and the later operation and maintenance of the equipment are properly solved.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. An optimized construction method of a river basin type corrosion-resistant sand-control silt-land dam system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) The on-site monitoring system is arranged, monitoring equipment is arranged at different positions in the river basin according to the early-stage monitoring scheme, the on-site monitoring system comprises self-feedback weather station system arrangement, sediment quantity monitoring system arrangement and flow monitoring system facility arrangement, and meanwhile, the debugging equipment can interact with the data terminal of the indoor terminal;
(2) Constructing a silt dam system, namely summarizing and analyzing the sand production amount in different channels according to monitoring data, protecting the channels with smaller sand production amount by adopting a single-stage silt dam, protecting the channels with larger sand production amount by adopting a step dam, selecting the spacing of the silt dams by fully utilizing the overall scheme of gradually dissipating energy in the process, and blocking the silt generated in the whole river basin by utilizing the silt dam of the last stage;
(3) After the main body structure of the dam body is determined, the structure of the dam body is properly adjusted according to the curve condition of the channel, and anti-scouring measures are mainly arranged at the position of a backwater bay, so that the prevention and control effect of the whole silt dam is improved;
(4) The method comprises the steps of performing combined test on a silt dam system, determining the protection effect of the silt dam according to field data acquired by a field monitoring system in rainy season because the scale of the silt dam system is large, further optimizing and adjusting the whole silt dam protection system if a large amount of silt is generated after the last silt dam, optimizing the whole protection system by adding the silt dam, and gathering a large amount of field-laid monitoring data into a data terminal of an indoor terminal;
(5) Customizing an intelligent scheme of a silty land dam system, acquiring a large amount of data in the aspect of a silty land dam protection system by a data terminal of an indoor terminal, inputting topographic parameters in a river basin into the system, continuously training a model, enabling a machine model to learn to acquire how to set the silty land dam system under different topography and rainfall conditions, and finally inputting basic parameters of a new river basin into the system, wherein the system can provide a silty land dam protection system suitable for the river basin through artificial intelligence, and the system comprises parameters of a silty land dam model, the set number, a silty land dam interval, dam heights and dam widths of different grades of dams;
(6) The ecological measures are constructed, the use of the silt dam system has a certain period, when the silt amount of the whole dam body reaches 80% of the height of the dam body, arbor is planted in the land behind the silt dam, shrubs are arranged after the silt amount reaches 85% of the height of the dam body, herbaceous plants are arranged when the silt amount reaches more than 90% of the height of the dam body, an ecological community is finally constructed, groundwater is supplemented by utilizing an underground water storage structure, and the plant community starts to play the roles of corrosion prevention and sand control after the later silt dam fails;
(7) The operation and maintenance of the comprehensive system are greatly reduced, and the water and soil loss in the river basin is greatly reduced after the later ecological measures of the whole silt dam system are constructed, so that the crop planting can be carried out in the later period; constructing a data platform by data acquired by various monitoring systems constructed in advance;
the optimized river basin type corrosion prevention and sand control silt land dam system comprises a platform support (2), a silt land dam (5), a silt amount monitoring system (6), a flow monitoring system (7), a video scanning monitoring system (8), a field emission terminal (9) and an indoor terminal (10), wherein a power system (3) and a self-feedback weather station system (4) are arranged on the platform support (2), the silt land dam (5) is arranged at the bottom of a river basin, a computer (11) and a data storage controller (12) are arranged in the indoor terminal (10), a video scanning monitoring system (8) is internally provided with a video storage module for storing data, the stored data are transmitted to the field emission terminal (9), the field emission terminal (9) transmits the data to the indoor terminal (10) in real time, the data storage controller (12) stores and sorts the transmitted data, and the remote control can be realized on the silt amount monitoring system (6), the flow monitoring system (7) and the video scanning system (8) according to instructions sent by the computer.
2. The construction method of the optimized basin type corrosion-resistant sand-control silt land dam system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the sediment quantity monitoring system (6) comprises a laser signal amplifier (13), the laser signal amplifier (13) is connected with a data acquisition control system (14), the laser signal amplifier (13) is connected with a laser emitter (16), a power supply system (15) is connected with a power system (3), a laser probe (18) is arranged at the front end of the sediment quantity monitoring system (6), a fixed support (17) is arranged at the bottom of the sediment quantity monitoring system (6), a turntable system (27) is arranged above the fixed support (17), a steering driver (19) is arranged on the turntable system (27), the laser probe (18) is opposite to a reflecting surface system (20), the reflecting surface system (20) is connected with a data acquisition module (21), the reflecting surface system (20) is connected with a reflecting rod system (24), a rotating system (26) is arranged above a pile anchoring system (25), the pile anchoring system (25) is fixed on the ground, a sunlight acquisition system (23) is connected with a power transmission station (22), and the power transmission station (22) supplies power to the reflecting surface system (20) and the data acquisition module (26);
The platform support (2) has an automatic lifting function, antirust paint is sprayed on the outer side of the platform support (2), and the inside of the platform support is of a hollow structure.
3. The construction method of the optimized basin type corrosion-resistant sand-control silt land dam system according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the electric power system (3) is composed of a wind power generation module, a solar power generation module, a storage battery and an intelligent controller, electric energy is stored in the storage battery after the wind power generation module and the solar power generation module generate electricity, the intelligent controller monitors the current running state of the whole system in the power generation and discharging process, and when the current is abnormal, the current is automatically adjusted, so that the functions of voltage stabilization and self detection are achieved.
4. The construction method of the optimized basin type corrosion-resistant sand-control silt land dam system according to claim 3, wherein the construction method comprises the following steps: the self-feedback weather station system (4) monitors wind speed, rainfall, temperature, humidity, air pressure and solar illumination indexes in a flow area in real time, stores and transmits data to the field emission terminal (9), the self-feedback weather station system (4) is internally provided with a self-feedback module, when thunder and rain weather occurs, a lightning alarm in the system is started, and a built-in lightning protection antenna stretches out and is contacted with the ground.
5. The construction method of the optimized basin type corrosion-resistant sand-control silt land dam system, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: silt land dam (5) the place ahead is provided with silt siltation face (29), silt siltation face (29) bottom is provided with filtration system (30), filtration system (30) bottom is provided with water storage system (31), water storage system (31) bottom is provided with water barrier system (32), water storage system (31) are including coarse sand layer (33), well sand layer (34) and fine sand layer (35) that from the top down arrange in proper order, be provided with shaft (36) on silt siltation face (29), shaft (36) bottom extends to water storage system (31) bottom, be provided with pump house system (37) on shaft (36), be provided with power supply system (38), water pipe system (39) and unidirectional membrane system (40) on pump house system (37).
6. The construction method of the optimized basin type corrosion-resistant sand-control silt land dam system, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: be provided with filtration layer (41) on silt dam (5) side, silt dam (5) top is inside to be provided with spillway (42), and silt dam (5) upper portion is provided with flood control system (43), is provided with lift (45) on flood control system (43), and lift (45) are connected with information control module (44), are provided with flood monitoring system (46) and video monitoring system (47) on silt dam (5).
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103278115A (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2013-09-04 | 北京地拓科技发展有限公司 | Method and system for calculating deposition volume of check dam based on DEM (digital elevation model) |
| CN108681848A (en) * | 2018-08-25 | 2018-10-19 | 黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院 | One kind " Trinity " small reservoir or silt arrester flood season method for early warning |
| CN113313358A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-08-27 | 西安理工大学 | River basin water and soil conservation measure configuration method adaptive to river sediment transport amount |
| CN216445895U (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-05-06 | 甘肃农业大学 | Slow release device for retaining water in check dam |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20110176870A1 (en) * | 2010-01-19 | 2011-07-21 | Francis Robert T | Reusable Silt Dam |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103278115A (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2013-09-04 | 北京地拓科技发展有限公司 | Method and system for calculating deposition volume of check dam based on DEM (digital elevation model) |
| CN108681848A (en) * | 2018-08-25 | 2018-10-19 | 黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院 | One kind " Trinity " small reservoir or silt arrester flood season method for early warning |
| CN113313358A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-08-27 | 西安理工大学 | River basin water and soil conservation measure configuration method adaptive to river sediment transport amount |
| CN216445895U (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-05-06 | 甘肃农业大学 | Slow release device for retaining water in check dam |
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