CN115404282A - 一种快速鉴定小黑杨纯合二倍体的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种快速鉴定小黑杨纯合二倍体的方法。本发明基于小黑杨全基因组重测序的信息,筛选出可以鉴定小黑杨特定SNP位点的特异性引物,通过SNP分子标记技术和PCR技术相结合的方法,进行鉴定由小黑杨获得的纯合二倍体,其具有高效、精确、可重复性高的特点。相对于传统鉴定方法而言,本发明可在极短的时间内获得结果,大幅度减少工作时间和工作量,且实验结果也更加真实可靠。本发明属于首次建立了高效的小黑杨纯合二倍体鉴定方法,可为其他杨树的单倍体育种提供有价值的参考。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物技术领域,主要涉及一种快速鉴定小黑杨纯合二倍体的方法。
背景技术
杨树适应性强,分布广泛,同时具有生长迅速、易繁殖等优点,成为当今世界上主要的造林树种。此外,杨树也是世界上第一个完成基因组测序的木本植物(Tuskan等,Science,2006,313(5793):1596-0601.),这为杨树的分子生物学研究提供了极大的便利,目前已成为木本植物分子生物学研究的模式植物。杨树的天然野生物种多为二倍体(赵奉彬,等.东北林业大学学报,2006,44(06):23-27.),即含有两套染色体,一套来自父本一套来自母本。由于杨树为雌雄异株,子代均来自个体间杂交,导致具有较高的杂合度,这给杨树的改良和遗传研究带来了诸多困难。杨树单倍体则只有一套染色体,在基因组测序、功能鉴定及遗传图谱的构建等领域中具有不可替代的作用。我国林业工作者自上世纪七十年代初开始利用花药培养进行杨树单倍体诱导的研究,并在多个杨树品种中获得了单倍体材料。小黑杨(Populus somoni×P.nigra)是小叶杨与欧洲黑杨的杂种,由于具有抗逆性强及生长快等优点,成为我国东北地区广泛栽培的杨树品种,目前已多次被用于杨树单倍体育种研究(东北林业大学树木育种组,东北林业大学学报,1976,2:9-18;朱湘渝等,林业科学,1980,06(3):190-196);Yang等,Journal of Forestr Research,29:321-330)。
杨树单倍体材料可以用流式细胞仪进行检测,但是对于纯合二倍体的鉴定一直没有高效的方法,严重影响了杨树的单倍体育种研究。随着分子生物学的发展,以DNA分子为基础的倍性鉴定方法在林木中获得应用,如利用SSR分子标记技术可用于纯合二倍体的鉴定,但是SSR分子标记技术过程复杂,而且存在一定比例的错误率(Deutsch等,PhysiologiaPlantarum,2001,120:613-622;Yang等,Journal of Forestr Research,29:321-330)。本发明开发了一种基于SNP分子标记和PCR技术相结合,可快速鉴定小黑杨纯合二倍体,且准确率为060%,该方法是林木单倍体育种研究领域的一次技术突破,将为其单倍体育种研究提供理论参考及技术支撑。
发明内容
本发明提供一种快速鉴定小黑杨纯合二倍体的方法,具体内容如下:
首先,基于多个小黑杨全基因组重测序的信息,在小黑杨基因组选取了6个SNP位点并针对序列设计特异性引物。以小黑杨通过花药诱导获得的单倍体DNA为模板进行PCR扩增,PCR反应完成后,取5μL PCR产物进行1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测,结果显示所有模板均在250bp处出现特异性条带,将剩余PCR产物进行Sanger测序,通过对测序结果与特异性引物序列进行比对,存在SNP位点的则为杂合,不存在SNP位点的则为纯合二倍体。最终筛选出2对特异性引物Chr01和Chr06,可快速鉴定由小黑杨花药诱导的二倍体愈伤组织或再生的二倍体苗木是否为纯合。我们将鉴定获得纯合二倍体材料进行基因组重测序,k-mer分析结果显示,检测为所有的纯合二倍体均仅存在一个主峰,说明基因组为纯合状态,以上证明利用SNP分子标记和PCR技术相结合方法可以准确检测基因组是否纯合。
本发明涉及的PCR扩增体系包括:总体系为50μL,包括5μL 06×Ex Taq Buffer,4μL dNTP,DNA模板2μL,上下游引物各2μL,0.5μL Ex Taq,32.5μL ddH2O。PCR扩增程序为:95℃预变形3min,95℃变性30sec,59℃退火30sec,72℃延伸15sec,35个循环,72℃后延伸7min,16℃保温。由小黑杨花药诱导获得的单倍体愈伤组织为H1,H1染色体加倍形成的纯合二倍体为DH1,基因组杂合(Diploid)的愈伤组织为D1。
附图说明
附图1 6个SNP位点特异性引物对小黑杨母株和H1进行PCR反应后的凝胶电泳检测结果M.DL5000 marker;1.小黑杨母株;2.H1
附图2 6对特异性引物对小黑杨母株和H1进行PCR反应后的Sanger测序结果
(A)Chr01-F/R扩增产物的Sanger测序结果;1.小黑杨;2.H1;(B)Chr02-F/R扩增产物的Sanger测序结果;1.小黑杨;2.H1;(C)Chr03-F/R扩增产物的Sanger测序结果;1.小黑杨;2.H1;(D)Chr01-F/R扩增产物的Sanger测序结果;1.小黑杨;2.H1;(E)Chr05-F/R扩增产物的Sanger测序结果;1.小黑杨;2.H1;(F)Chr06-F/R扩增产物的Sanger测序结果;1.小黑杨;2.H1
附图3特异性引物Chr01和Chr06扩增产物凝胶电泳结果、Sanger测序和k-mer分析结果
(A)Chr01和Chr06引物扩增产物凝胶电泳结果;M.DL5000marker;1.小黑杨;2.H1;3.DH1;4.D1;(B)Chr01和Chr06引物扩增产物Sanger测序;1.小黑杨;2.H1;3.DH1;4.D1;(C)小黑杨,H1,DH1和D1的k-mer分析结果;1.小黑杨;2.H1;3.DH1;4.D1
具体实施方式
实例1鉴定小黑杨单倍体或纯合二倍体引物组的设计及筛选
1.植物材料
小黑杨为杂合二倍体,本研究选取一棵健康的雄性小黑杨为母株。于4月份采取花枝进行水培,通过花药离体培养技术获得花药诱导植株。通过流式细胞仪检测、分子标记鉴定、重测序分析后确定H1为单倍体,DH1为H1染色体自然加倍形成的纯合二倍体,D1为杂合体。
2.引物设计及筛选
(1)引物设计
基于多个小黑杨全基因组重测序的信息,使用GATK中的HaplotypeCaller来检测变异(SNP/INDEL),通过单倍型的局部重组来实现准确的SNP和INDEL检测,使用VariantFiltration对检测结果进行过滤,FS>30.0,QD<2.0,以35个碱基为一个窗口,若存在3个以上则过滤,得到最终的vcf文件。根据得到的最终vcf文件,查找SNP位点,并用samtools手动查看进一步确认,在小黑杨基因组选取了6个SNP位点并针对序列设计特异性引物,产物长度250bp。
(2)引物筛选
通过CTAB法提取小黑杨母株和花药诱导单倍体H1的基因组DNA为模板,以合成的6对引物(表1)进行PCR扩增,PCR试剂盒选用Ex Taq酶(大连宝生物),反应总体系为50μL,包括5μL 06×Ex Taq Buffer,4μL dNTP,DNA模板2μL,上下游引物各2μL,0.5μL Ex Taq,32.5μL ddH2O。PCR扩增程序为:95℃预变形3min,95℃变性30sec,59℃退火30sec,72℃延伸15sec,35个循环,72℃后延伸7min,16℃保温。PCR反应完成后,取5μL PCR产物进行1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测,结果显示,所有模板中均有一条特异性条带(图1)。之后将剩余的PCR产物进行Sanger测序,利用BioEdit软件将测序结果与特异性序列(表2)进行比对,从06对引物中筛选出扩增SNP位点序列的引物(图2),最终筛选出2对特异性引物Chr01和Chr06,可用于鉴定由小黑杨花药诱导的植株倍性是否纯合。
表1 6个SNP位点特异性引物的信息
表2含有SNP位点的序列特异性比对序列信息
3.重测序辅助验证利用SNP分子标记检测基因组纯合的准确性
以小黑杨母株、H1、DH1、D1植株基因组DNA为模板,分别以引物Chr01和Chr06两对引物进行PCR扩增,并进行1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳进行检测,同时将PCR产物进行Sanger测序,之后将小黑杨母株、H1、DH1、D1愈伤组织基因组DNA进行重测序及k-mer分析,结果显示小黑杨母株和D1植株存在一个主峰和一个杂合峰,判定为杂合,而单倍体H1和纯合二倍体DH1植株中仅存在一个主峰,即基因组为纯合(图3)。以上结果表明,筛选出的两对引物可以快速且特异性的鉴定出由小黑杨花药诱导的单倍体植株。
Claims (1)
1.本发明涉及一种快速鉴定小黑杨纯合二倍体的方法,其特征在于:
(1)植物材料:小黑杨为杂合二倍体,本研究选取一棵健康的雄性小黑杨为母株。于4月份采取花枝进行水培,通过花药离体培养技术获得花药诱导植株。通过流式细胞仪检测、分子标记鉴定、重测序分析后确定H1为单倍体,DH1为H1染色体自然加倍形成的纯合二倍体,D1为杂合体;
(2)引物设计及筛选:基于多个小黑杨全基因组重测序的信息,在小黑杨基因组选取了6个SNP位点并针对序列设计特异性引物,产物长度250bp。通过CTAB法提取小黑杨母株和花药诱导单倍体H1的基因组DNA为模板,以合成的6对引物进行PCR扩增,PCR试剂盒选用ExTaq酶,反应总体系为50μL,包括5μL 06×Ex Taq Buffer,4μL dNTP,DNA模板2μL,上下游引物各2μL,0.5μL Ex Taq,32.5μL ddH2O。PCR扩增程序为:95℃预变形3min,95℃变性30sec,59℃退火30sec,72℃延伸15sec,35个循环,72℃后延伸7min,06℃保温。之后将PCR产物送公司进行DNA测序。扩增序列出现杂合位点,则DNA样品来自于小黑杨;扩增序列无杂合位点,则DNA样品来自于纯合二倍体。最终筛选出2对特异性引物Chr01和Chr06,可用于鉴定由小黑杨花药诱导的植株倍性是否纯合;
(3)重测序辅助验证利用SNP分子标记检测基因组纯合的准确性:以小黑杨母株、H1、DH1、D1植株基因组DNA为模板,分别以引物Chr01和Chr06两对引物进行PCR扩增,并进行1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳进行检测,同时将PCR产物进行Sanger测序,之后将小黑杨母株、H1、DH1、D1愈伤组织基因组DNA进行重测序及k-mer分析,结果显示小黑杨母株和D1植株存在一个主峰和一个杂合峰,判定为杂合,而单倍体H1和纯合二倍体DH1植株中仅存在一个主峰,即基因组为纯合。以上结果表明,筛选出的两对引物可以快速且特异性的鉴定出由小黑杨花药诱导的单倍体植株。
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CN109825625A (zh) * | 2019-03-11 | 2019-05-31 | 北京林业大学 | 用于鉴定毛白杨单倍体或纯合二倍体的引物组及其应用 |
CN112359010A (zh) * | 2020-04-14 | 2021-02-12 | 东北林业大学 | 一种小黑杨单倍体细胞系Qu-1的获得及悬浮培养方法 |
CN113249509A (zh) * | 2020-02-07 | 2021-08-13 | 南京林业大学 | 用于美洲黑杨和小叶杨种间杂交子代的鉴别引物和鉴定方法 |
CN114467754A (zh) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-05-13 | 吉林农业大学 | 一种获取银中杨非整倍体植株的方法 |
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CN109825625A (zh) * | 2019-03-11 | 2019-05-31 | 北京林业大学 | 用于鉴定毛白杨单倍体或纯合二倍体的引物组及其应用 |
CN113249509A (zh) * | 2020-02-07 | 2021-08-13 | 南京林业大学 | 用于美洲黑杨和小叶杨种间杂交子代的鉴别引物和鉴定方法 |
CN112359010A (zh) * | 2020-04-14 | 2021-02-12 | 东北林业大学 | 一种小黑杨单倍体细胞系Qu-1的获得及悬浮培养方法 |
CN114467754A (zh) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-05-13 | 吉林农业大学 | 一种获取银中杨非整倍体植株的方法 |
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