CN115399819A - 腕部架构 - Google Patents

腕部架构 Download PDF

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CN115399819A
CN115399819A CN202210984113.4A CN202210984113A CN115399819A CN 115399819 A CN115399819 A CN 115399819A CN 202210984113 A CN202210984113 A CN 202210984113A CN 115399819 A CN115399819 A CN 115399819A
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N·拉格斯德
M·A·维克西
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Intuitive Surgical Operations Inc
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    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
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    • A61B2017/00292Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery mounted on or guided by flexible, e.g. catheter-like, means
    • A61B2017/00296Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery mounted on or guided by flexible, e.g. catheter-like, means mounted on an endoscope
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B2017/00292Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery mounted on or guided by flexible, e.g. catheter-like, means
    • A61B2017/003Steerable
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    • A61B2017/00323Cables or rods
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
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    • A61B2017/07214Stapler heads
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    • A61B2017/2901Details of shaft
    • A61B2017/2905Details of shaft flexible
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2926Details of heads or jaws
    • A61B2017/2927Details of heads or jaws the angular position of the head being adjustable with respect to the shaft
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/30Surgical robots
    • A61B2034/305Details of wrist mechanisms at distal ends of robotic arms

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Abstract

本发明的名称是腕部架构。一种手术装置包括细长轴、末端执行器和腕部组件。腕部组件包括第一外连杆、第一内连杆和第二外连杆。第一外连杆连接到所述轴并包括第一齿轮齿。第一内连杆与第一外连杆枢转地联接。第二外连杆与第一内连杆枢转地联接。第二外连杆包括第二齿轮齿,该第二齿轮齿与第一齿轮齿相接并且在腕部组件的整个取向范围内控制第一内连杆相对于第一外连杆和第二外连杆的取向。

Description

腕部架构
本申请为分案申请,原申请的申请日是2017年9月8日、申请号是201780054693.4、发明名称为“腕部架构”。
相关申请数据的交叉引用
本申请要求2016年9月9日提交的美国临时申请No.62/385,621的权益;其完整的公开内容以引用方式整体并入本文以用于所有目的。
背景技术
微创手术技术旨在减少在诊断或手术过程中受损的外来组织的量,从而减少患者康复时间、不适和有害的副作用。因此,使用微创手术技术可以显著缩短标准手术的平均住院时间。此外,还可以通过微创手术减少患者恢复时间、患者不适、手术副作用和旷工时间。
微创手术的常见形式是内窥镜检查,并且常见形式的内窥镜检查是腹腔镜检查,其是腹腔内的微创检查和/或手术。可重新装载的缝合装置可与这些手术结合使用。远程手术控制的缝合装置可包括伺服控制的腕接头,该腕接头以相对极端的角度(例如,高达和超过90度)偏航和俯仰。此类接头会在必须以此类角度平移穿过腕部的致动部件上施加大量应变。因此,当前的致动装置通常受到致动部件在极端角度下起作用的能力的限制。
发明内容
本文公开的实施例涉及具有能够以相对大的角度偏航和俯仰的腕部的手术装置。此类腕部可具有在空间上与俯仰轴线分开的偏航轴线(其中此类轴线二者彼此垂直)以及限定远程手术控制的装置的臂或轴的延伸部的纵向轴线。在一些情况下,偏航角和俯仰角可以高达45度、60度或90度。
此类俯仰角和偏航角需要非常灵活/柔性(flexible)的致动机构,用于打开和闭合手术装置的爪,并且可选地致动其他器具,诸如切割和/或缝合装置。在一些实施例中,致动机构可包括推动部件。推动部件能够适于在极端角度下高度可压缩,同时非常灵活。然而,推动部件可能不太适合于张力。因此,可以使用单独的拉动部件来施加张力,用于手术装置的近侧移动和致动。以类似的方式,拉动部件可能不太适合于压缩力。然而,将推动部件和拉动部件组合成一个集成装置可以有效地用于施加压缩力和张力二者(即,推动和拉动)以致动手术装置的末端执行器的部件。
推动部件和拉动部件可以沿着共用轴线集成,其中推动部件围绕拉动部件同心地布置。在一些实施例中,推动部件包括螺旋弹簧,并且拉动部件包括编织线缆。替代地,拉动部件可以围绕推动部件同心地布置。
为了实现高度的腕部柔性,腕部组件可以由限定腕部组件的偏航和俯仰几何形状的外连杆构成。外连杆可以容纳致动机构的柔性部分。然而,致动机构在腕部内的压缩会导致弯折并降低力传递的效率。为了帮助减轻这些问题,可以提供将外连杆彼此连接的内连杆。内连杆可以限定约束和限制致动机构的横向移动并从而减轻弯折的通道。
因此,在一个方面,一种设备包括细长轴、末端执行器和腕部组件。细长轴沿着第一轴线延伸。末端执行器包括上爪和下爪。腕部组件将末端执行器可移动地连接到细长轴。腕部组件包括第一外连杆、第一内连杆和第二外连杆。第一外连杆连接到细长轴并且通过第一内连杆可移动地联接到第二外连杆。第一外连杆、第一内连杆和第二外连杆限定近侧接头。第一外连杆的内侧表面(medial surface)和第二外连杆的内侧表面限定内腔,第一内连杆设置在该内腔中。第一外连杆的内侧表面限定至少第一凹部,并且第二外连杆的内侧表面限定至少第二凹部。第一内连杆的径向表面包括至少第一突起和第二突起。第一内连杆的第一突起接合第一凹部。内连杆的第二突起接合第二凹部。
在该设备的一些实施例中,腕部组件可操作以围绕垂直于第一轴线的轴线相对于细长轴重新取向到末端执行器。例如,在该设备的一些实施例中,近侧接头沿着垂直于第一轴线的第二轴线延伸。
在该设备的一些实施例中,腕部组件可操作以围绕垂直于第一轴线的两个轴线中的每一个相对于细长轴重新取向到末端执行器。例如,腕部组件可进一步包括第二内连杆和第三外连杆。第三外连杆连接到末端执行器,并通过第二内连杆可移动地联接到第二外连杆。第三外连杆、第二内连杆和第二外连杆限定远侧接头。腕部组件可以经配置以分别在近侧接头和远侧接头处偏航和俯仰。在该设备的一些实施例中,第一内连杆和第二内连杆中的每一个包括第一U形夹突出轴颈和第二U形夹突出轴颈。
在该设备的一些实施例中,腕部组件具有内部通道,致动部件延伸穿过该内部通道。例如,该设备的一些实施例包括细长驱动构件,该细长驱动构件与末端执行器驱动地联接并且延伸穿过由第一内连杆限定的内部通道。在该设备的一些实施例中,细长驱动构件可操作以向末端执行器施加向远侧指向的力。在一些实施例中,内部通道围绕细长驱动构件紧密地形成,以防止细长驱动构件在向末端执行器施加向远侧指向的力的同时弯折。在一些实施例中,腕部组件包括在内部通道内的内护套,细长驱动构件延伸穿过该内护套。
在该设备的一些实施例中,第一外连杆和第二外连杆相接(interface),以便在腕部组件的铰接/关节运动(articulation)期间控制第一外连杆、第一内连杆和第二外连杆之间的相对取向。例如,在一些实施例中,第一外连杆和第二外连杆包括相互啮合的齿轮齿,这些齿轮齿通过第二外连杆和第一外连杆之间的取向范围控制第一外连杆、第一内连杆和第二外连杆之间的相对取向。在一些实施例中,第一内连杆由第一外连杆和第二外连杆被动地约束。
在另一方面,一种设备包括细长臂、末端执行器、细长驱动构件和腕部组件。细长臂沿着第一轴线延伸。末端执行器包括上爪和下爪。细长驱动构件从细长臂延伸并与末端执行器驱动地联接,用于致动末端执行器。腕部组件将细长臂可移动地连接到末端执行器。腕部组件包括多个外连杆和多个内连杆。腕部组件可操作以使末端执行器相对于细长臂偏航和俯仰。内连杆限定在细长臂和末端执行器之间的内部通道,细长驱动构件延伸穿过该内部通道。
在该设备的一些实施例中,腕部组件可操作以围绕垂直于第一轴线的轴线相对于细长轴重新取向到末端执行器。例如,在该设备的一些实施例中,腕部组件包括沿着垂直于第一轴线的第二轴线延伸的近侧接头。
在该设备的一些实施例中,腕部组件可操作以围绕垂直于第一轴线的两个轴线中的每一个相对于细长轴重新取向到末端执行器。例如,腕部组件可以进一步包括沿着垂直于第一轴线和第二轴线的第三轴线延伸的远侧接头。在一些实施例中,腕部组件经配置以在近侧接头处偏航并且在远侧接头处俯仰。在一些实施例中,每个内连杆包括第一突出轴颈和第二突出轴颈。
在该设备的一些实施例中,腕部组件具有内部通道,致动部件延伸穿过该内部通道。例如,在该设备的一些实施例中,内部通道围绕细长驱动构件紧密地形成,以防止细长驱动构件在压缩下弯折。在一些实施例中,腕部组件包括在内部通道内的内护套,细长驱动构件延伸穿过该内护套。
在该设备的一些实施例中,外连杆相接以便控制外连杆和内连杆之间的相对取向。例如,在一些实施例中,外连杆包括相互啮合的齿轮齿,这些齿轮齿通过外连杆之间的取向范围来控制外连杆和内连杆之间的相对取向。在一些实施例中,内连杆由外连杆被动地约束。
在一些实施例中,腕部组件经由张紧构件致动。例如,在一些实施例中,该设备包括延伸穿过外连杆的一些部分并且被铰接以使腕部组件铰接的线缆部分。
在另一方面,一种手术装置包括细长轴、末端执行器和腕部组件。细长轴沿着第一轴线延伸。末端执行器包括上爪和下爪。腕部组件将末端执行器可移动地连接到细长轴。腕部组件包括第一外连杆、第一内连杆和第二外连杆。第一外连杆连接到细长轴并包括第一齿轮齿。第一内连杆与第一外连杆枢转地联接,以围绕垂直于第一轴线取向的第二轴线相对于第一外连杆旋转。第二外连杆与第一内连杆枢转地联接,以围绕平行于第二轴线并偏离于第二轴线的第三轴线相对于第一内连杆旋转。第二外连杆包括第二齿轮齿,该第二齿轮齿与第一齿轮齿相接并且在第二外连杆相对于第一外连杆的整个取向范围内控制第一内连杆相对于第一外连杆和第二外连杆的取向。
第一内连杆可使用任何合适的枢轴连接件与第一外连杆和第二外连杆枢转地联接。例如,在手术装置的一些实施例中:第一内连杆包括与第二轴线对齐的第一对突出轴颈和与第三轴线对齐的第二对突出轴颈,第一外连杆包括与第一对突出轴颈相接的一对第一外连杆轴颈轴承,并且第二外连杆包括与第二对突出轴颈相接的一对第二外连杆轴颈轴承。
第一内连杆、第一外连杆或第二外连杆可具有多件式构造,以便于腕部组件的组装。例如,在手术装置的一些实施例中,第一内连杆具有多件式构造,该多件式构造包括第一内连杆第一部分和第一内连杆第二部分。在手术装置的一些实施例中,第一内连杆第一部分和第一内连杆第二部分经配置以经由第一内连杆第一部分和第一内连杆第二部分中的每一个相对于第一外连杆和第二外连杆中的一个的旋转而与第一外连杆和第二外连杆中的一个相接。在手术装置的一些实施例中,第一外连杆和第二外连杆中的一个的另一个具有多件式构造,该多件式构造适于在第一内连杆与第二外连杆组装之后容纳到第一内连杆的组装。
在手术装置的一些实施例中,腕部组件形成孔,致动组件延伸穿过该孔。例如,在一些实施例中,第一内连杆形成孔,并且手术装置包括细长驱动构件,该细长驱动构件延伸穿过该孔并且与末端执行器驱动地联接以致动末端执行器的机构。
在手术装置的一些实施例中,腕部组件是线缆驱动的并且经配置以对施加到末端执行器的向近侧指向的载荷和向远侧指向的载荷作出反应,而不依赖于线缆张力来对向远侧指向的载荷作出反应以防止腕部组件部件分离。例如,在一些实施例中,手术装置包括与腕部组件驱动地联接并且被铰接以使腕部组件铰接的线缆部分,并且第一内连杆经配置以将通过驱动构件施加到末端执行器的张力载荷和压缩载荷两者反作用回第一外连杆,以便即使在没有任何线缆部分在张力下的情况下,也保持第二外连杆与第一外连杆相接。
在手术装置的一些实施例中,腕部组件可操作以围绕垂直于第一轴线的两个轴线中的每一个相对于细长轴重新取向到末端执行器。例如,腕部组件可进一步包括第二内连杆和第三外连杆。第二内连杆可以枢转地与第二外连杆联接,以围绕垂直于第一轴线和第三轴线取向的第四轴线相对于第二外连杆旋转。第三外连杆可以枢转地与第二内连杆联接,以围绕平行于第四轴线并偏离于第四轴线的第五轴线相对于第二内连杆旋转。第三外连杆可包括与第二外连杆的齿轮齿相接的齿轮齿,并且在第三外连杆相对于第二外连杆的整个取向范围内控制第二内连杆相对于第三外连杆和第二外连杆的取向。
第二内连杆可以使用任何合适的枢轴连接件与第二外连杆和第三外连杆枢转地联接。例如,在手术装置的一些实施例中:第二内连杆包括与第四轴线对齐的第一对突出轴颈和与第五轴线对齐的第二对突出轴颈,第二外连杆包括与第二内连杆的第一对突出轴颈相接的一对第二外连杆轴颈轴承;并且第三外连杆包括与第二内连杆的第二对突出轴颈相接的一对第三外连杆轴颈轴承。
第二内连杆、第二外连杆或第三外连杆可具有多件式构造,以便于腕部组件的组装。例如,在手术装置的一些实施例中,第二内连杆具有多件式构造,该多件式构造包括第二内连杆第一部分和第二内连杆第二部分。在一些实施例中,第二内连杆第一部分和第二内连杆第二部分经配置以经由第二内连杆第一部分和第二内连杆第二部分中的每一个相对于第二外连杆和第三外连杆中的一个的旋转而与第二外连杆和第三外连杆中的一个相接。在一些实施例中,第二外连杆和第三外连杆中的一个的另一个具有多件式构造,该多件式构造适于在第二内连杆与第三外连杆组装之后容纳到第二内连杆的组装。
在手术装置的一些实施例中,腕部组件形成孔,致动组件延伸穿过该孔。例如,在一些实施例中,第二内连杆形成第二内连杆孔。手术装置可包括细长驱动构件,该细长驱动构件延伸穿过第二内连杆孔并且与末端执行器驱动地联接以致动末端执行器的机构。
在手术装置的一些实施例中,腕部组件是线缆驱动的并且经配置以对施加到末端执行器的向近侧指向的载荷和向远侧指向的载荷作出反应,而不依赖于线缆张力来对向远侧指向的载荷作出反应,以防止腕部组件部件分离。例如,手术装置可以包括与腕部组件驱动地联接并且被铰接以使腕部组件铰接的线缆部分。第一内连杆和第二内连杆可以经配置以将通过驱动构件施加到末端执行器的张力载荷和压缩载荷两者反作用回第一外连杆,以便即使在没有任何线缆部分在张力下的情况下,也保持第三外连杆与第二外连杆相接且第二外连杆与第一外连杆相接。
附图说明
图1A至图1C示出了根据许多实施例的手术工具的视图。
图2A、图2B和图2C示出了根据许多实施例的手术工具的透视图、侧视图和仰视图。
图3A和图3B示出了根据许多实施例的手术工具的横截面视图。
图4A示出了根据许多实施例的致动机构的透视图。
图4B示出了根据许多实施例的致动机构的横截面视图。
图4C和图4D示出了根据许多实施例的推动构件的透视图。
图4E示出了根据许多实施例的致动机构的横截面视图。
图5A示出了根据许多实施例的腕部组件的透视图。
图5B示出了根据许多实施例的腕部组件的横截面视图。
图5C示出了根据许多实施例的外连杆组件的透视图。
图6A至图6C示出了根据许多实施例的组装腕部组件的方法。
具体实施方式
图1A至图1C示出了手术工具10,该手术工具10包括近侧底盘12、器械轴14和具有上爪18的远侧末端执行器16,该上爪18能够被铰接成夹紧患者组织。近侧底盘12包括输入联接器22,输入联接器22可以与远程手术系统(诸如通过引用并入本文的专利公布No.US2014/0183244A1内公开的系统)的相应输出联接器相接并由其驱动。输入联接器22与设置在器械轴14内的一个或多个输入构件驱动地联接。输入构件与末端执行器16驱动地联接。如图1B和图1C所示,近侧底盘12的输入联接器22可以适于与各种类型的马达组13配合,诸如在美国专利No.8,912,746中公开的缝合器专用马达组或美国专利No.8,529,582中公开的通用马达组,上述美国专利通过引用并入本文。
图2A至图2C示出了包括末端执行器16的手术工具10的远端的透视图、侧视图和俯视图。末端执行器16通过腕部组件24可移动地连接到器械轴14。腕部组件24具有至少两个自由度并且提供末端执行器16到细长器械轴14的附接,用于末端执行器16相对于器械轴14围绕两个正交轴线铰接。腕部组件24经配置以围绕轴线2-2偏航,轴线2-2垂直于器械轴14沿着其延伸的轴线1。腕部组件24还经配置以围绕轴线3俯仰,轴线3垂直于轴线1和轴线2。如图所示,偏航轴线2靠近(更远离于末端执行器16)俯仰轴线3,然而这不是必需的,并且在一些实施例中,偏航轴线2位于俯仰轴线3的远侧。
图3A和图3B是示出包括上爪18和下爪26的末端执行器16的细节的横截面视图。下爪26可经配置以容纳和支撑可移除或不可移除的缝合钉盒。上爪18与下爪26枢转地联接,以相对于下爪26铰接,从而夹紧组织。梁构件28从图3A所示的近侧状态被驱动到图3B所示的远侧状态,以致动上爪18。梁构件28的移动可以用于相对于下爪16强制地将上爪18固定在组织上。可选地,梁构件28还可以允许切割组织并将缝合钉从缝合钉盒部署到切割的组织中。
梁构件28包括上梁部分30,该上梁部分30经配置以在上爪18的轨道特征部32内滑动。轨道特征部32包括用于上梁部分30从最近侧车库区域36接合的斜面34。图3A所示的打开位置可以通过弹性装置(诸如弹簧)维持,或者通过次要机构(未示出)打开和闭合。上爪18的部分闭合可受到上梁部分30向远侧移动到斜面34上的影响。当上梁部分30向远侧移动经过斜面34并到达轨道特征部32上时,实现上爪18的完全闭合。上梁部分30离开斜面34的向近侧移动消除了由梁构件施加的闭合力。然后,弹性装置或次要机构可以使闭合或部分闭合的上爪18打开。因此,上梁部分30沿着斜面34的往复移动可以切换末端执行器16打开和闭合。
梁构件28还包括下梁部分38,该下梁部分38经配置以在下爪18的轨道特征部32内滑动。下梁部分38可致动经配置用于在梁构件28向远侧移动期间将缝合钉弹出下爪26的滑车(sled)(诸如在专利公布No.US2014/0183244A1中公开的)。替代地,下梁部分30能够与此类滑车集成在一起。
图4A示出了梁构件28的透视图。这里,上梁部分30包括经配置以切割组织的集成切割构件40。然而,在另一些实施例中,组织切割装置可以与梁构件28分离或者以不同的方式实施到梁构件28中。上梁部分30包括从集成切割构件40横向延伸的上凸缘42。滑动部分42经配置以与轨道特征部32和斜面34直接相接。以类似的方式设置下凸缘44以与下爪26的轨道特征部一起滑动。细长驱动构件46被附接到梁构件28,用于向驱动构件46提供向远侧移动和向近侧移动。
图4B示出了梁构件28和驱动构件46的横截面视图。驱动构件46包括推动构件48和拉动构件50。推动构件48被配置为闭式盘簧并且适于平移由驱动杆52施加的轴向力。推动构件48可以由护套54从外部约束,护套54可以由诸如PTFE的润滑聚合物材料构成。推动构件48的盘绕设计允许压缩力被有效地平移到梁构件28,以在远侧方向上推动梁构件28。推动构件48可以以常规方式由盘绕线构成或者由管螺旋切割。在一些情况下,推动构件的压缩元件(例如,线圈)将在张力下分离,并且因此在这种情况下,推动构件只能对压缩力的传递有效。
拉动构件50可以由编织线缆或其他柔性杆构成,并且通过压接部分56保持在梁构件28内。在一些情况下,拉动构件对于推力的传递可能相对无效,因为它本身可能易于折叠或弯折,并且因此在这种情况下,拉动构件只能对张力的传递有效。拉动构件50还适于平移由驱动杆52施加的轴向力。驱动杆52位于器械轴14内并且驱动地联接到图1中所示的输入联接器22中的一个或多个。拉动构件50允许张力被有效地从驱动杆52平移到梁构件28,以在近侧方向上拉动梁构件28。推动构件48和拉动构件50以互补的方式操作,以通过分离对拉动构件50的张力和对推动构件48的压缩力来向梁构件28提供向远侧运动和向近侧运动。这实现了驱动构件46的非常灵活和紧凑的设计,这些特性使得驱动构件46能够在腕部24内平移,该腕部24可以在操作期间以曲折的偏航角和俯仰角设置。
推动构件不限于如图4B所示的闭式盘簧设计。例如,如图4C所示的柔性推动构件58可以通过将图案(pattern)切入实心管中而由实心管形成,以增加腕部处的弯曲柔性,而不会实质上降低压缩刚度。这里,推动构件58通过将图案激光切入金属管中而形成。这里的图案允许在管中形成间隙的柔性以及材料留在适当位置的轴向刚度。柔性推动构件的另一个示例在图4D中示出,图4D示出了推动构件60具有以螺旋图案布置的多个周向狭缝。
图4E示出了驱动构件60的替代配置。这里的配置与图4B中所示的配置相反,其中推动构件48同心地围绕拉动构件50。这里,驱动构件60包括被配置为编织护套的拉动构件62,其封装推动构件64。推动构件64被配置为由柔性杆66连结的多个球形构件(例如,球轴承)。推动构件64和拉动构件62都由驱动杆52致动,驱动杆52驱动地联接到图1所示的输入联接器22中的一个或多个。
图5A和图5B示出了腕部组件24的透视图和横截面视图。腕部组件24包括近侧外连杆100、中间外连杆102和远侧外连杆104。这三个连杆确定腕部组件24的运动学俯仰和偏航运动。如图所示,近侧外连杆100和中间外连杆102之间的接口确定腕部组件24的偏航移动。外远侧连杆104和中间外连杆102之间的接口确定腕部组件24的俯仰移动。然而,在替代腕部配置中,这种关系可以颠倒,使得腕部组件24在近侧外连杆100和中间外连杆102之间俯仰并且在远侧外连杆100和中间外连杆102之间偏航(例如,通过将末端执行器16相对于腕部组件24旋转90度)。
线缆部分106与腕部组件24驱动地联接并且被致动以向腕部组件24施加运动。在一些实施例中,线缆部分106可以单独地固定到远侧外连杆104的一部分。在功能上等同替代实施例中,如图5A所示,线缆部分106环绕远侧外连杆104的一部分,如图所示。将线缆部分106环接到远侧外连杆104可用于将线缆部分106固定到远侧外连杆104。线缆部分106可以被铰接以使腕部组件24铰接。可以使用线缆部分106的差异移动致动腕部组件24以各种角度俯仰和偏航。线缆部分106可以驱动地联接到图1中所示的输入联接器22中的一个或多个。腕部组件还包括近侧内连杆108和远侧内连杆110,这将在下面详细论述。
注意图5C,示出了接头112的示例性实施例,接头112代表图5A和图5B中所示的外连杆之间的接口。接头112包括第一连杆114和第二连杆116。第一连杆114可包括齿轮齿118、120和轴承突起122。第二连杆116包括齿轮齿124、126、128和轴承突起130。根据示例性实施例,第一连杆114和第二连杆116的突起122、130可包括准许线缆部分106穿过的通道。因为轴承突起122、130相对于中心孔134、136位于外侧位置,所以延伸穿过邻近轴承突起122、130的通道的线缆部分106也位于外侧位置。这允许传送其他机构穿过中心孔134、136。连杆114、116之间的致动运动学由齿轮齿118、120、124、126、128的形状确定,所述齿轮齿在移动期间接合和脱离。轴承突起122、130包括弯曲表面,该弯曲表面能够在整个所有角运动中在适当点处接合,以帮助减小对齿轮齿118、120、124、126、128的压缩应变。
由于接头112提供的增强的运动范围,包括接头112的腕部可以用更少的部件以更有效的方式提供期望的运动量,诸如在俯仰或偏航方向上+/-90度。在先前的腕部结构中,其中每个接头被限制在约45度的最大滚动角,需要串联几个此类接头以实现整个腕部机构的相对大的滚动角。在所示实施例中,单个接头112能够提供高达90度的角度偏转。因此,可以减少包括一个或多个接头112的腕部的制造成本和复杂度,同时仍然实现期望的角度偏转。另外,包括在接头112的连杆114、116中的齿轮齿118、120、124、126、128能够提供增强的定时以辅助精确定位连杆114、116,包括例如将连杆114、116返回到中立位置(例如,零角度滚动对齐),并且增强连杆114、116之间的运动平滑度,例如当连杆114、116相对于彼此重新取向时。根据示例性实施例,腕部可包括多个接头112以实现更高的运动范围(高达滚动极限角度),诸如例如腕部在俯仰或偏航方向上具有高达+/-180度的运动范围。在通过引用并入本文的国际专利公布No.WO 2015/127250中公开了接头112以及可与本文公开的实施例一起使用的其他接头的附加细节。
如图5B所示,近侧内连杆108和远侧内连杆110沿着轴线1在空间上分开并且彼此偏离90度。因此,仅部分地示出了近侧内连杆108。近侧内连杆108和远侧内连杆110的径向表面包括突起(例如,被配置为突出轴颈140)。所述突起与外连杆的内侧表面处的凹部(例如,被配置为轴颈轴承142)相接。在一些实施例中,突出轴颈140和轴颈轴承142设定外连杆之间的距离,然而在别的方面却是被动的并且不改变由齿轮齿118、120、124、126、128的几何形状确定的外连杆的接头运动学。近侧内连杆108和远侧内连杆110的每一侧包括一对共同对齐的突出轴颈120,对于每个内连杆108、110的共四个突出轴颈140而言,突出轴颈120与轴颈轴承142相接。每对突出轴颈140被分开以向驱动构件46提供内部通道144。
可以使用附加的内护套146来进一步支撑驱动构件46。驱动构件46在内护套146内轴向滑动。内护套146被固定到腕部组件24的远端部分并且是柔性的以随着腕部组件24的移动而弯曲但不会轴向移动。由内连杆108、110提供的内护套146和内部通道144用于在轴向移动期间引导和约束驱动构件46。内护套146和内部通道144防止驱动构件在压缩载荷(即,在切割和缝合时的向远侧移动)下弯折。现有的腕部设计(诸如前面提到的国际专利No.WO 2015/127250中公开的)依赖张紧的线缆将外连杆维持在适当位置。这里,当驱动构件46在远侧方向上移动时,所产生的压缩力可以经由内连杆108、110反作用,从而防止潜在的拉伸和线缆106中产生的张力损失。当驱动构件46在远侧方向上移动时,内连杆108、110的突出轴颈140有利地将外连杆维持在适当位置,从而维持腕部组件24的结构。
每个内连杆108、110可以具有图6A至图6C所示的两件式构造,所述附图还描绘了用于将内连杆组装到外连杆的技术。在图6A,近侧内连杆108的第一连杆部分108a和第二连杆部分108b被定位成将突出轴颈140放入中间外连杆102的轴颈轴承142。第一连杆部分108a和第二连杆部分108b以一定角度插入,使得每个部分的齿轮齿148相互啮合,以使这些部分对齐成图6B所示的结构。齿轮齿148是组装辅助件,其不需要销或其他紧固件,并且不用于超出组装的移动。然而,在一些实施例中,可以使用紧固件代替齿轮齿。在连杆部分108a、108b组装成完整的内近侧连杆108之后,近侧外连杆100被组装到剩余的暴露的突出轴颈140上,形成图6C所示的结构。在一个实施例中,如图6C所示,近侧外连杆100也是两件式构造。
其他变化在本发明的精神内。所描述的实施例的各个方面、实施例、实施方式或特征可以单独使用或以任何组合使用。与远程手术工具的操作相关联的所述实施例的各个方面可以通过软件、硬件或硬件和软件的组合来实施。因此,尽管本发明易于进行各种修改和替换构造,但是其某些图示的实施例在附图中示出并且已在上面详细描述。然而,应当理解,无意将本发明限制于所公开的一种或多种特定形式,相反,目的是涵盖落入本发明的精神和范围内的所有修改、替代构造和等同物。
除非本文另有说明或与上下文明显矛盾,否则在描述本发明的上下文中(特别是在以下权利要求的上下文中)使用术语“一(a)”和“一(an)”和“该/所述(the)”以及类似指示物应被解释为涵盖单数和复数两者。除非另有说明,否则术语“包含(comprising)”、“具有(having)”、“包括(including)”和“含有(containing)”应被解释为开放式术语(即,意指“包括但不限于”)。术语“连接”应被解释为部分或全部包含在内、附接到或连结在一起,即使存在某些中间物。除非本文另有说明,否则本文中对数值范围的叙述仅旨在用作单独提及落入该范围内的每个单独值的简写方法,并且每个单独值并入本说明书中,如同其在本文中单独叙述一样。除非本文另有说明或上下文明显矛盾,否则本文所述的所有方法均可以任何合适的顺序进行。除非另有声明,否则本文提供的任何和所有示例或示例性语言(例如,“诸如”)的使用仅旨在更好地阐述本发明的实施例,并不对本发明的范围构成限制。说明书中的任何语言都不应被解释为指示任何未要求保护的要素对于本发明的实践是必不可少的。
本文描述了本发明的优选实施方案,包括已知的实施本发明的最佳方式。在阅读前面的描述后,那些优选实施例的变化对于本领域普通技术人员来说可以变得显而易见。熟练的技术人员适当地采用此类变化,并且本发明以不同于本文具体描述的方式实践。因此,本发明包括适用法律所允许的在所附权利要求中所述主题的所有修改和等同物。此外,除非本文另有说明或上下文明显矛盾,否则本发明涵盖上述元素在其所有可能的变型中的任何组合。

Claims (10)

1.一种设备,其包括:
细长轴,其沿第一轴线延伸;
末端执行器,其包括上爪和下爪;
腕部组件,其可移动地将所述末端执行器连接到所述细长轴,所述腕部组件包括:
第一外连杆、第一内连杆和第二外连杆;所述第一外连杆连接到所述细长轴并且通过所述第一内连杆可移动地联接到所述第二外连杆;所述第一外连杆、所述第一内连杆和所述第二外连杆限定近侧接头;
其中所述第一外连杆的内侧表面和所述第二外连杆的内侧表面限定内腔,所述第一内连杆设置在所述内腔中;
其中所述第一外连杆的所述内侧表面限定至少第一凹部,并且所述第二外连杆的所述内侧表面限定至少第二凹部;
其中所述第一内连杆的径向表面包括至少第一突起和第二突起;
其中所述第一内连杆的所述第一突起接合所述第一凹部,并且所述内连杆的所述第二突起接合所述第二凹部。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述近侧接头沿着垂直于所述第一轴线的第二轴线延伸。
3.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述腕部组件进一步包括第二内连杆和第三外连杆,所述第三外连杆连接到所述末端执行器并且通过所述第二内连杆可移动地联接到所述第二外连杆;所述第三外连杆、所述第二内连杆和所述第二外连杆限定远侧接头。
4.根据权利要求3所述的设备,其中所述腕部组件经配置以分别在所述近侧接头和所述远侧接头处偏航和俯仰。
5.根据权利要求3所述的设备,所述第一内连杆和所述第二内连杆中的每一个包括第一U形夹突出轴颈和第二U形夹突出轴颈。
6.根据权利要求1所述的设备,进一步包括与所述末端执行器驱动地联接的细长驱动构件,所述细长驱动构件延伸穿过由所述第一内连杆限定的内部通道。
7.根据权利要求6所述的设备,其中所述细长驱动构件可操作以向所述末端执行器施加向远侧指向的力。
8.根据权利要求7所述的设备,其中所述内部通道围绕所述细长驱动构件紧密地形成,以防止所述细长驱动构件在向所述末端执行器施加所述向远侧指向的力的同时弯折。
9.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述第一外连杆和所述第二外连杆包括相互啮合的齿轮齿,所述齿轮齿通过所述第二外连杆和所述第一外连杆之间的取向范围来控制所述第一外连杆、所述第一内连杆和所述第二外连杆之间的相对取向。
10.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述第一内连杆由所述第一外连杆和所述第二外连杆被动地约束。
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