CN113180835A - 用于机器人手术系统的控制臂 - Google Patents

用于机器人手术系统的控制臂 Download PDF

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CN113180835A
CN113180835A CN202110571363.0A CN202110571363A CN113180835A CN 113180835 A CN113180835 A CN 113180835A CN 202110571363 A CN202110571363 A CN 202110571363A CN 113180835 A CN113180835 A CN 113180835A
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rotation
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卡梅伦·塞西尔
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Covidien LP
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/70Manipulators specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/74Manipulators with manual electric input means
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/30Surgical robots
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/70Manipulators specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/71Manipulators operated by drive cable mechanisms
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/70Manipulators specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/76Manipulators having means for providing feel, e.g. force or tactile feedback
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/36Image-producing devices or illumination devices not otherwise provided for
    • A61B90/37Surgical systems with images on a monitor during operation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J13/00Controls for manipulators
    • B25J13/02Hand grip control means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J9/00Programme-controlled manipulators
    • B25J9/02Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by movement of the arms, e.g. cartesian coordinate type
    • B25J9/04Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by movement of the arms, e.g. cartesian coordinate type by rotating at least one arm, excluding the head movement itself, e.g. cylindrical coordinate type or polar coordinate type
    • B25J9/046Revolute coordinate type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J9/00Programme-controlled manipulators
    • B25J9/06Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by multi-articulated arms
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H7/00Gearings for conveying rotary motion by endless flexible members
    • F16H7/04Gearings for conveying rotary motion by endless flexible members with ropes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/30Surgical robots
    • A61B34/37Master-slave robots

Abstract

本发明涉及用于机器人手术系统的控制臂,并具体提供一种用于机器人手术系统的控制臂,控制臂包括:底座;旋轴构件,其围绕第一旋转轴线以可旋转方式支撑于底座上;竖直构件,其围绕第二旋转轴线以枢转方式支撑于旋轴构件上;水平构件,其围绕第三旋转轴线由竖直构件以枢转方式支撑;以及驱动机构,其安置于底座上,驱动机构包括:第一驱动马达;旋转轴,其围绕第一旋转轴线安置且以可旋转方式固定到旋轴构件;以及旋转凸缘,其包含围绕第一旋转轴线安置且以可旋转方式固定到旋转轴的圆柱形构件,圆柱形构件以可操作方式连接到第一驱动马达以影响旋轴构件围绕第一旋转轴线的旋转,其中旋转凸缘的旋转通过从底座的较低表面延伸的挡块来限制。

Description

用于机器人手术系统的控制臂
本申请是申请号为201780002009.8(国际申请号为PCT/US2017/035580)、申请日为2017年6月2日且发明名称为“用于机器人手术系统的控制臂”的中国专利申请的分案申请。
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请主张2016年6月3日提交的第62/345,537号美国临时申请案的益处和优先权,所述申请的全部内容以引用的方式并入本文中。
背景技术
机器人手术系统已用于微创医疗程序中。在此类医疗程序期间,机器人手术系统受到与用户接口相连接的外科医生控制。所述用户接口允许外科医生操控作用于患者的末端执行器。用户接口包含支撑手柄或平衡环的控制臂,外科医生可通过移动所述手柄或平衡环来控制机器人系统。
发明内容
本公开涉及操控机器人手术系统的控制臂的驱动机构。驱动机构可以包含第一、第二和第三马达,其分别与控制臂的第一、第二和第三旋转轴线可操作地相关联。将驱动机构配置成回应于临床医生的输入用控制臂支持的平衡环来操控控制臂以维持平衡环移动的自由度(DOF)且防止控制臂干扰机器人手术系统的其它控制臂。驱动机构还可以抵消控制臂的重力、摩擦和惯性力且向临床医生提供触觉反馈。
在本公开的一方面中,用于机器人手术系统的控制臂包含底座、旋轴构件、竖直构件、水平构件和驱动机构。所述旋轴构件围绕第一旋转轴线以可旋转方式支撑于所述底座上。所述竖直构件围绕第二旋转轴线以枢转方式支撑于所述旋轴构件上。所述水平构件围绕第三旋转轴线由所述竖直构件以枢转方式支撑。驱动机构安置于底座上以独立地使旋轴构件围绕第一旋转轴线枢转,使竖直构件围绕第二旋转轴线旋转且使水平构件围绕第三旋转轴线枢转。
在各方面中,驱动机构包含第一、第二和第三驱动马达。第一驱动马达可以影响旋轴构件围绕第一旋转轴线的旋转,第二驱动马达可以影响竖直构件围绕第二旋转轴线的枢转,且第三驱动马达可以影响水平构件围绕第三旋转轴线的枢转。
在一些方面中,驱动机构包含第一驱动马达、旋转轴和旋转凸缘。旋转轴可以围绕第一旋转轴线安置且以可旋转方式固定到旋轴构件。旋转凸缘可包含围绕第一旋转轴线安置且以可旋转方式固定到旋转轴的圆柱形构件。圆柱形构件可以可操作方式连接到第一驱动马达以便影响旋轴构件围绕第一旋转轴线的旋转。旋转凸缘可包含延伸到弧形壁的网状物。弧形壁围绕第一旋转轴线可以形成弧线。驱动机构可包含第一和第二旋转缆线,其以可操作方式使第一驱动马达连接到旋转凸缘。第一旋转缆线可以从第一驱动马达沿第一方向延伸到弧形壁的第一端部。第二旋转缆线可以从第一驱动马达沿第二方向延伸到弧形壁的第二端部。
在某些方面,驱动机构包含第二驱动马达、第一下部滑轮和第一上部滑轮。第一下部滑轮可以围绕第一旋转轴线安置且以可操作方式通过第一对驱动缆线连接到第二驱动马达。第一上部滑轮可以围绕第一旋转轴线安置且以可旋转方式固定到第一下部滑轮。第一上部滑轮可以可操作方式连接到竖直构件以使竖直构件围绕第二旋转轴线枢转。驱动机构可包含第一和第二导轮。竖直构件可以限定第一和第二竖直构件凹槽且包括第一和第二枢转缆线。第一枢转缆线可以围绕第一上部滑轮安置在第一导轮周围且在第一竖直构件凹槽内。第二枢转缆线可以围绕第一上部滑轮安置在第二导轮周围且在第二竖直构件凹槽内。第一和第二枢转缆线可以可操作方式将第一上部滑轮连接到竖直构件。驱动机构可包含第一滑轮轴,其以可旋转方式将第一下部滑轮固定到第一上部滑轮。驱动机构还可以包括第二上部和下部滑轮,其通过围绕第一滑轮轴安置的第二滑轮轴以可旋转方式固定到彼此。
在特定方面,控制臂包含支撑构件和支撑臂。支撑臂可以围绕第二旋转轴线由旋轴构件以枢转方式支撑。可替代地,支撑臂可以围绕平行于第二旋转轴线且偏离第二旋转轴线的轴线由旋轴构件以枢转方式支撑。支撑构件可以枢转方式连接到支撑臂和水平构件以使水平构件回应于支撑臂围绕第二旋转轴线枢转而围绕第三旋转轴线枢转。驱动机构可包含第三驱动马达、第二下部滑轮和第二上部滑轮。第二下部滑轮可以围绕第一旋转轴线安置且以可操作方式通过第二对驱动缆线连接到第三驱动马达。第二滑轮可以围绕第一旋转轴线安置且以可旋转方式固定到第二下部滑轮。第二上部滑轮可以可操作方式连接到支撑臂以使支撑臂围绕第二旋转轴线枢转。驱动机构包含第三导轮和第四导轮以及第三枢转缆线和第四枢转缆线。支撑臂可以分隔第一和第二支撑凹槽。第三枢转缆线可以围绕第二上部滑轮安置在第三导轮周围且在第一支撑凹槽内。第四枢转缆线可以围绕第二上部滑轮安置在第四导轮周围且在第二支撑凹槽内。第三和第四枢转缆线可以可操作方式将第二上部滑轮连接到支撑臂。
在本公开的另一方面中,操控控制臂的方法包含启动第一驱动马达使旋轴构件围绕第一旋转轴线旋转、启动第二驱动马达使竖直构件围绕第二旋转轴线枢转以及启动第三驱动马达使水平构件围绕第三旋转轴线枢转,所述控制臂包含底座、旋轴构件、竖直构件和水平构件。第一旋转轴线可以限定于旋轴构件与底座之间。第二旋转轴线可以限定于竖直构件与旋轴构件之间。第三旋转轴线可以限定于水平构件与竖直构件之间。
在各方面中,启动第一驱动马达以使旋轴构件围绕第一旋转轴线旋转包含使以可旋转方式安置于底座构件的下部侧面上的凸缘围绕第一旋转轴线旋转从而使旋轴构件旋转。使凸缘旋转可包含将第一驱动缆线缠绕于第一驱动马达的驱动轴周围以及将第二驱动缆线从第一驱动马达的驱动轴周围解缠。第一和第二驱动缆线可以围绕凸缘的弧形壁安置。
在一些方面中,启动第二驱动马达使竖直构件围绕第二旋转轴线枢转包含使第一下部滑轮围绕第一旋转轴线旋转,其影响第一上部滑轮围绕第一旋转轴线的旋转,所述旋转影响竖直构件围绕第二旋转轴线的旋转。第一下部滑轮围绕第一旋转轴线的旋转可包含使第一驱动缆线围绕第二驱动马达的驱动轴缠绕以及使第二驱动缆线围绕第二驱动马达的驱动轴解缠。
在某些方面中,启动第三驱动马达以使水平构件围绕第三旋转轴线枢转包含使第二下部滑轮围绕第一旋转轴线旋转,其影响第二上部滑轮围绕第一旋转轴线的旋转,所述旋转影响水平构件围绕第三旋转轴线的旋转。第二上部滑轮围绕第一旋转轴线的旋转影响支撑构件围绕第二旋转轴线或平行于第二旋转轴线且偏移第二旋转轴线的轴线的旋转,所述旋转影响水平构件围绕第三旋转轴线的旋转。使第二下部滑轮围绕第一旋转轴线旋转可包含使第一驱动缆线围绕第三驱动马达的驱动轴缠绕以及使第二驱动缆线围绕第三驱动马达的驱动轴解缠。
本公开的例示性实施例的其它细节和方面将参考随附图式在下文更详细地描述。
附图说明
下文参考图式描述本公开的各种方面,所述图式并入本说明书中且构成本说明书的一部分,其中:
图1为根据本公开的用户接口和机器人系统的示意性图解;
图2为根据本公开的图1的用户接口的控制臂的正面透视图;
图3为图2的控制臂的底座的后透视图;
图4为图3的控制臂的底座的下部透视图;
图5为沿图4的截面线5-5截取的横截面视图;
图6为沿图4的截面线6-6截取的横截面视图;
图7为图2的控制臂的底座的经放大后透视图;以及
图8为图2的控制臂的底座的经放大正面透视图。
具体实施方式
现在参考图式详细描述本公开的实施例,其中在若干视图中的每一个中,类似参考标号指定相同或对应元件。如本文中所使用,术语“临床医生”是指医生、护士或任何其它医护人员且可以包含辅助人员。
本公开大体上涉及包括第一、第二和第三马达的驱动机构,所述马达以可操作方式分别通过第一、第二和第三对驱动缆线与机器人手术系统的控制臂的第一、第二和第三旋转轴线相关联。
参考图1,机器人手术系统1通常展示为机器人系统10、处理单元30和用户接口40。机器人系统10大体上包含连接件12和机器人底座18。连接件12以可移动方式支撑配置成作用于组织的末端执行器或工具20。连接件12可以呈臂或连杆的形式,每个臂或连杆具有支撑配置成作用于组织的末端执行器或工具20的端部14。另外,连接件12的端部14可包含对手术部位“S”成像的成像装置16。用户接口40通过处理单元30与机器人底座18通信。
用户接口40包含配置成显示三维图像的显示装置44。显示装置44显示手术部位“S”的三维图像,所述三维图像可包含通过定位在连接件12的端部14上的成像装置16捕捉的数据,和/或包含通过定位在手术台周围的成像装置(例如,定位于手术部位“S”内的成像装置、邻接患者“P”而定位的成像装置、定位在成像连接件52的远端处的成像装置56)捕捉的数据。成像装置(例如,成像装置16、56)可以捕捉手术部位“S”的视觉影像、红外线影像、超声影像、X射线影像、热像和/或任何其它已知的实时影像。成像装置将所捕捉的成像数据传输到处理单元30,所述处理单元实时地根据成像数据创建手术部位“S”的三维图像,且将所述三维图像传输到显示装置44进行显示。
用户接口40也包含各自支撑平衡环70的控制臂60,所述平衡环具有附接的输入手柄以允许临床医生操控机器人系统10(例如,操控连接件12、连接件12的端部14和/或工具20)。平衡环70中的每一个与处理单元30连通,从而向所述处理单元传输控制信号以及自其接收反馈信号。另外或替代地,平衡环70中的每一个可包含控制接口或输入装置(未图示),所述控制接口或输入装置允许外科医生操控(例如,夹持、抓取、点火、打开、闭合、旋转、推进、切开等)和/或移动支撑在连接件12的端部14处的工具20。
平衡环70中的每一个为可移动的,以在手术部位“S”内移动连接件12的端部14。将显示装置44上的三维图像定向成使得平衡环70的移动来移动在显示装置44上观察到的连接件12的端部14。将了解,显示装置上的三维图像的定向可相对于患者“P”的俯视图成镜像或转动。另外,将了解,显示装置44上的三维图像的大小可以缩放成比手术部位“S”的实际结构更大或更小,从而允许外科医生更好地观看手术部位“S”内的结构。当移动平衡环70时,工具20在手术部位“S”内移动。工具20的移动还可以包含支撑工具20的连接件12的端部14的移动。
关于机器人手术系统1的构造和操作的具体论述,可以参考美国专利第8,828,023号,所述专利的全部内容以引入的方式并入本文中。
参考图2,根据本公开提供用户接口40(图1)的控制臂60。控制臂60包含底座61、旋轴构件62、竖直构件64、支撑臂65、支撑构件66和水平构件68。底座61以可旋转方式支撑围绕第一旋转轴线A1的旋轴构件62。旋轴构件62以枢转方式支撑围绕第二旋转轴线A2的竖直构件64和支撑臂65。设想支撑臂65可以围绕平行于第二旋转轴线A2且偏离第二旋转轴线的旋转轴线枢转。支撑臂65支撑支撑构件66的下部端66a,所述支撑构件66可以与竖直构件64处于基本上平行的关系。预计支撑构件66可以与竖直构件64歪斜。竖直构件64和支撑构件66以枢转方式支撑围绕第三旋转轴线A3的水平构件68。第三旋转轴线A3可以穿过竖直构件64和水平构件68;可替代地,第三旋转轴线A3可以定义在竖直构件64和水平构件68的远端。水平构件68围绕平衡环轴线G-G以可旋转方式支撑平衡环70(图1)。
底座61包含围绕第一旋转轴线A1、第二旋转轴线A2和第三旋转轴线A3中的每一个操作控制臂60的驱动机构80。驱动机构80可以操控控制臂60以向与控制臂60支撑的平衡环70(图1)相连接的临床医生提供力反馈。驱动机构80还可以操控控制臂60以在手术过程期间重新定位控制臂60的构件。驱动机构80可包含被动轴线系统,其在手术过程期间被动地重新定位控制臂60的构件以维持自由度(DOF)。关于例示性被动轴线系统的具体描述可以参考两个名称为《用于机器人手术系统的被动轴线系统(PASSIVE AXIS SYSTEM FORROBOTIC SURGICAL SYSTEMS)》的2016年6月3日提交的美国临时专利申请第62/345,090号和2016年6月3提交的美国临时专利申请第62/345,144号,所述申请的全部内容以引用的方式并入本文中。另外,驱动机构80可以操控控制臂60以防止控制臂60干扰用户接口40的另一控制臂。另外,驱动机构80可以操控控制臂60以抵消控制臂60的重力、摩擦和惯性力。另外,驱动机构可以提供触觉反馈。
另外参考图3到图5,驱动机构80包含第一驱动马达100、第二驱动马达200和第三驱动马达300。第一驱动马达100操控围绕第一旋转轴线A1的控制臂60且包含从底座61的上部或第一侧面61a延伸穿过底座61到达底座61的下部或第二侧面61b的第一驱动轴110。第一驱动轴110包含以可旋转方式连接到第一驱动轴110的第一转轴112。第一转轴112的外部表面限定第一螺旋状凹槽114和第二螺旋状凹槽116。如图所示,第一螺旋状凹槽114与第二螺旋状凹槽116连通以形成单个连续的螺旋状凹槽。旋轴构件62包含通过旋转凸缘120接合的旋转轴63。旋转凸缘120包含圆柱形构件122,所述圆柱形构件122围绕旋转轴63安置以使得旋转凸缘120与旋轴构件62一起旋转。旋转凸缘120和旋轴构件62围绕第一旋转轴线A1相对于底座61旋转。
旋转凸缘120包含从圆柱形构件122延伸到具有第一端部126和第二端部128的弧形或曲形壁124的网状物123。弧形壁124的每一端部126、128为圆形的且分别包含缆线锁扣127、129。设想曲形壁124能够形成圆形壁(未图示)。
驱动机构80包含操控或使旋转凸缘120围绕第一旋转轴线A1旋转的第一对缆线130。第一对缆线130包含第一缆线132和第二缆线134。第一缆线132的端部132a被固定到转轴112。第一缆线132从端部132a沿第一方向(即,如图3中所展示的逆时针)缠绕第一转轴112。第一转轴112限定当第一缆线132缠绕第一转轴112时第一螺旋状凹槽114接纳第一缆线132。第一缆线132围绕弧形壁124从第一转轴112延伸到弧形壁124的第一端部126,而所述第一缆线132的端部132b缠绕在第一端部126周围且固定在第一端部126处的缆线锁扣127内。
第二缆线134的端部134a被固定到第一转轴112。第二缆线134沿与第一方向相反的第二方向(即,如图3中所展示的顺时针)从端部134a缠绕第一转轴112。第一转轴112限定当第二缆线134缠绕第一转轴112时第二螺旋状凹槽116接纳第二缆线134。第二缆线134围绕弧形壁124从第一转轴112延伸到弧形壁124的第二端部128,而所述第二缆线134的端部134b缠绕在弧形壁128的第二端部128周围且固定在第二端部128处的缆线锁扣129内。
为使旋轴构件62相对于底座61旋转,启动第一驱动马达100以使第一转轴112沿第一方向(即,如图4中所展示的逆时针)旋转。当第一转轴112沿所述第一方向旋转时,拉紧第二缆线134的端部134b以将弧形壁124的第二端部128拉向第一转轴112以使旋转凸缘120沿第二方向(即,如图4中所展示的顺时针)旋转。当第一转轴112沿第一方向旋转时,从第一转轴112周围释放第一缆线132以使得第一缆线132的端部132b自由地离开转轴112。如上文所述,以可旋转方式将旋转凸缘120连接到旋轴构件62以使得当旋转凸缘120相对于底座61旋转时,旋轴构件62以与旋转凸缘120相同的方向相对于底座61旋转(例如,当旋转凸缘120如图4中所展示的顺时针旋转时,旋转底座61如图2中所展示的逆时针旋转)。
类似地,为使旋轴构件62相对于底座61沿其它方向旋转,第一转轴112沿第二方向旋转。当第一转轴112沿第二方向旋转时,拉紧第一缆线132的端部132b以将弧形壁124的第一端部126拉向第一转轴112以使旋转凸缘120沿第一方向旋转。当第一转轴112沿第二方向旋转时,从第一转轴112周围释放第二缆线134以使得第二缆线134的端部134b自由地离开转轴112。另外,将了解,通过拉紧一个缆线(例如,第二缆线134)同时释放其它缆线(例如,第一缆线132)可以准确地控制旋转凸缘120相对于底座61的角位。
旋转凸缘120的旋转可以通过从底座61的较低表面61b延伸的挡块146、148来限制。挡块146邻近于弧形壁124的第一端部126而定位且通过旋转凸缘120的网状物123接合以限制旋轴构件62沿第二方向的旋转。挡块148邻近于弧形壁124的第二端部128而定位且通过旋转凸缘120的网状物123接合以限制旋轴构件62沿第一方向的旋转。
参考图2到图8,第二驱动马达200操控围绕第二旋转轴线A2的控制臂43的竖直构件64。第二驱动马达200包含从底座61的上部或第一侧面61a延伸穿过底座61到达底座61的下部或第二侧面61b的第二驱动轴210。第二驱动轴210包含以可旋转方式连接到第二驱动轴210的第二转轴212。底座61包含围绕第一旋转轴线A1以可旋转方式安置的滑轮装配90。滑轮装配90包含下部内滑轮220、内滑轮轴222、上部内滑轮224、第一上部导轮226和第二上部导轮228。
控制臂43的驱动机构80包含操控或使竖直构件64围绕第二旋转轴线A2枢转的一对驱动缆线230和一对导轮缆线240。一对驱动缆线230包含具有固定到第二转轴212的第一端部232a的第一驱动缆线232。第一驱动缆线232从端部232a沿第二方向(即,如图3中所展示的顺时针)缠绕第二转轴212。第二转轴212限定当第一驱动缆线232缠绕第二转轴212时第一螺旋状凹槽214接纳第一驱动缆线232。第一驱动缆线232从第二转轴212延伸到下部内滑轮220。第一驱动缆线232沿第二方向缠绕下部内滑轮220,而第一驱动缆线232的第二端部固定到下部内滑轮220。下部内滑轮220限定围绕外部表面的接纳第一驱动缆线232的第一凹座221a。
一对驱动缆线230还包含具有固定到第二转轴212的第一端部234a的第二驱动缆线234。第二驱动缆线234从端部234a沿第一方向(即,如图3中所展示的逆时针)缠绕第二转轴212。第二转轴212限定当第二驱动缆线234缠绕第二转轴212时第二螺旋状凹槽216接纳第二驱动缆线234。第二驱动缆线234从第二转轴212延伸到下部内滑轮220。第二驱动缆线234沿第一方向缠绕下部内滑轮220,而第二驱动缆线234的第二端部固定到下部内滑轮220。下部内滑轮220限定围绕外部表面的接纳第二驱动缆线234的第二凹座221b。
下部内滑轮220通过内滑轮轴222以可旋转方式固定到上部内滑轮224。一对导轮缆线240包含具有固定到上部内滑轮224的第一端部242a的第一导轮缆线242。上部内滑轮224限定接纳沿第二方向(即,如图5中所展示的逆时针)缠绕上部内滑轮224的第一导轮缆线242的第一凹槽224a。第一导轮缆线242从上部内滑轮224延伸到以可旋转方式支撑于底座61的后方206上的第一上部导轮226。第一上部导轮226限定当第一导轮缆线242沿第二方向缠绕第一上部导轮226时接纳第一导轮缆线242的凹座227。第一导轮缆线242从第一上部导轮226延伸到竖直构件64。具体参考图7,竖直构件64限定接纳第一导轮缆线242的第一凹槽64a。第一导轮缆线242的第二端部242b固定在竖直构件64的第一凹槽64a中。一对导轮缆线240包含具有固定到上部内滑轮224的第一端部244da的第二导轮缆线244。上部内滑轮224限定接纳沿第一方向(即,如图7中所展示的顺时针)缠绕上部内滑轮224的第二导轮缆线244的第二凹座224b。第二导轮缆线244从上部内滑轮224延伸到以可旋转方式支撑于底座61的后方上的第二上部导轮228。第二上部导轮228限定当第二导轮缆线244沿第一方向缠绕第二上部导轮228时接纳第二导轮缆线244的凹座229。第二导轮缆线244从第二上部导轮228延伸到竖直构件64。具体参考图8,竖直构件64限定接纳第二导轮缆线244的第二凹槽64b。第二导轮缆线244的端部244b固定在竖直构件64的第二凹槽64b中。
为使竖直构件64围绕第二旋转轴线A2枢转,对第二驱动马达200供能以使第二转轴212沿第一方向(即,如图4中所展示的逆时针)旋转。当第二转轴212沿第一方向旋转时,拉紧第一驱动缆线232以影响下部内滑轮220沿第一方向的旋转。将了解,当使第二转轴212旋转以拉紧第一驱动缆线232时,释放第二驱动缆线234以允许下部内滑轮220沿第一方向的旋转。当下部内滑轮220沿第一方向旋转时,下部内滑轮220影响上部内滑轮224沿第一方向(即,如图7中所展示的顺时针)的旋转。当上部内滑轮224沿第一方向旋转时,上部内滑轮224拉紧围绕第二上部导轮228和竖直构件64的第二导轮缆线244以使竖直构件64围绕第二旋转轴线A2沿如图2中所展示的逆时针方向枢转。将了解,当上部内滑轮224沿第一方向旋转拉紧第二导轮缆线244时,释放第一导轮缆线242以允许竖直构件64围绕第二旋转轴线A2沿逆时针方向枢转。
类似地,为使竖直构件64围绕第二旋转轴线A2沿如图2中所展示的顺时针方向枢转,对第二驱动马达200供能以使第二转轴212沿第二方向(即,如图7中所展示的顺时针)旋转。当第二转轴212沿第二方向旋转时,拉紧第二驱动缆线234以影响下部内滑轮220沿第二方向的旋转。将了解,当使第二转轴212旋转以拉紧第二驱动缆线234时,释放第一驱动缆线232以允许下部内滑轮220沿第二方向的旋转。当下部内滑轮220沿第二方向旋转时,下部内滑轮220影响上部内滑轮224沿第二方向(即,如图7中所展示的逆时针)的旋转。当上部内滑轮224沿第二方向旋转时,上部内滑轮224拉紧围绕第一上部导轮226和竖直构件64的第一导轮缆线242以使竖直构件64围绕第二旋转轴线A2沿如图2中所展示的顺时针方向枢转。将了解,当上部内滑轮224沿第二方向旋转拉紧第一导轮缆线242时,释放第二导轮缆线244以允许竖直构件64围绕第二旋转轴线A2沿顺时针方向枢转。
继续参考图2到图8,第三驱动马达300操控支撑臂65以使水平构件68围绕第三旋转轴线A3枢转。第三驱动马达300包含从底座61的上部或第一侧面61a延伸穿过底座61到达所述底座61的下部或第二侧面61b的第三驱动轴310。第三驱动轴310包含以可旋转方式连接到第三驱动轴312的第二转轴312。以可旋转方式围绕第一旋转轴线A1安置的滑轮装配90还包含下部外滑轮320、外部滑轮轴322、上部外滑轮324、第一上部导轮326和第二上部导轮328。
驱动机构80包含操控或使支撑臂65围绕第二旋转轴线A2枢转的一对驱动缆线330和一对导轮缆线340。一对驱动缆线330包含具有固定到第三转轴312的第一端部332a的第一驱动缆线332。第一驱动缆线332从端部332a沿第一方向(即,如图3中所展示的逆时针)缠绕第二转轴312。第三转轴312限定当第一驱动缆线332缠绕第三转轴312时第一螺旋状凹槽314接收第一驱动缆线332。第一驱动缆线332从第三转轴312延伸到下部外滑轮320。第一驱动缆线332沿第一方向缠绕下部外滑轮320,而第一驱动缆线332的第二端部固定到下部内滑轮320。下部内滑轮320限定围绕外部表面的接纳第一驱动缆线332的第一凹座320a。一对驱动缆线330还包含具有固定到第二转轴312的第一端部的第二驱动缆线334。第二驱动缆线334从端部334a沿第二方向(即,如图3中所展示的顺时针)缠绕第二转轴312。第三转轴312限定当第二驱动缆线334缠绕第三转轴312时第二螺旋状凹槽316接纳第二驱动缆线334。第二驱动缆线334从第三转轴312延伸到下部外滑轮320。第二驱动缆线334沿第二方向缠绕下部外滑轮320,而第二驱动缆线334的第二端部固定到下部外滑轮320。下部外滑轮320限定围绕外部表面接纳第二驱动缆线334的第二凹座320b。
下部外滑轮320以可旋转方式通过外部滑轮轴322固定到上部外滑轮324。一对导轮缆线340包含具有固定到上部外滑轮324的第一端部342a的第一导轮缆线342。上部外滑轮324限定接纳沿第一方向(即,如图5中所展示的顺时针)缠绕上部内滑轮324的第一导轮缆线342的第一凹座324a。第一导轮缆线342从上部外滑轮324延伸到以可旋转方式支撑于底座61的后方308上的第一上部导轮326。第一上部导轮326限定当第一导轮缆线342沿第一方向缠绕第一上部导轮326时接纳第一导轮缆线342的凹座327。第一导轮缆线342从第一上部导轮326延伸到支撑臂65。具体参考图6,支撑臂65限定接纳第一导轮缆线342的第一凹槽65a。第一导轮缆线342的第二端部342b固定在支撑臂65的第一凹槽65a中。一对导轮缆线340包含具有固定到上部外滑轮324的第一端部344a的第二导轮缆线344。上部外滑轮324限定接纳沿第二方向(即,如图5中所展示的逆时针)缠绕上部内滑轮324的第二导轮缆线344的第二凹座324b。第二导轮缆线344从上部外滑轮324延伸到以可旋转方式支撑于底座61的后方309上的第二上部导轮328。第二上部导轮328限定当第二导轮缆线344沿第二方向缠绕第二上部导轮328时接纳第二导轮缆线344的凹座329。第二导轮缆线344从第二上部导轮328延伸到支撑臂65。具体参考图5,支撑臂65限定接纳第二导轮缆线344的第二凹槽65b。第二导轮缆线344的端部344b固定在支撑臂65的第二凹槽65b中。
为使水平构件68围绕第三旋转轴线A3枢转,对第三驱动马达300供能以使第三转轴312沿第二方向(即,如图4中所展示的顺时针)旋转。当第三转轴312沿第二方向旋转时,拉紧第一驱动缆线332以影响下部外滑轮220沿第二方向的旋转。将了解,当使第三转轴312旋转以拉紧第一驱动缆线332时,释放第二驱动缆线334以允许下部外滑轮320沿第二方向的旋转。当下部外滑轮320沿第二方向旋转时,下部外滑轮320影响上部外滑轮324沿第二方向(即,如图7中所展示的逆时针)的旋转。当上部外滑轮324沿第二方向旋转时,上部外滑轮324拉紧围绕第二上部导轮328和支撑臂65的第二导轮缆线344以使支撑臂65围绕第二旋转轴线A2沿如图2中所展示的逆时针方向枢转。将了解,当上部外滑轮324沿第二方向旋转拉紧第二导轮缆线344时,释放第一导轮缆线342以允许支撑臂65围绕第二旋转轴线A2沿逆时针方向枢转。当支撑臂65沿逆时针方向枢转时,支撑臂65向上移动使水平构件68围绕第三旋转轴线A3沿如图2中所展示的逆时针方向枢转的支撑构件66。将了解,支撑构件66的下部端66a偏移第二旋转轴线A2的距离实质上与支撑构件66的上部端66b偏移第二旋转轴线A3的距离相同,以使得当支撑臂65旋转时,支撑构件66与竖直构件64维持实质上平行的关系。预计支撑构件66可以与竖直构件64歪斜。
类似地,为使水平构件68围绕第三旋转轴线A3沿如图2中所展示的顺时针方向枢转,对第三驱动马达300供能以使第三转轴312沿第一方向(即,如图4中所展示的逆时针)旋转。当第三转轴312沿第一方向旋转时,拉紧第二驱动缆线334以影响下部外滑轮320沿第一方向的旋转。将了解,当使第三转轴312旋转以拉紧第二驱动缆线334时,释放第一驱动缆线332以允许下部外滑轮320沿第一方向的旋转。当下部外滑轮320沿第一方向旋转时,下部外滑轮320影响上部外滑轮324沿第一方向(即,如图7中所展示的顺时针)的旋转。当上部外滑轮324沿第一方向旋转时,上部外滑轮324拉紧围绕第一上部导轮326和支撑臂65的第一导轮缆线342以使支撑臂65围绕第二旋转轴线A2沿如图2中所展示的顺时针方向枢转。将了解,当上部外滑轮324沿第一方向旋转拉紧第一导轮缆线342时,释放第二导轮缆线344以允许支撑臂65围绕第二旋转轴线A2沿顺时针方向枢转。当支撑臂65沿顺时针方向枢转时,支撑臂65向下移动使水平构件68围绕第三旋转轴线A3沿如图2中所展示的顺时针方向枢转的支撑构件66。
设想控制臂60还可以包括用于被动轴线系统,所述被动轴线系统用于使旋轴构件62围绕第一旋转轴线A1相对于底座61的旋转与支撑于竖直构件68的端部上的平衡环围绕与竖直构件68正交的平衡环轴线G-G(图2)的旋转相关联。此类被动轴线系统的实例公开于名称为《用于机器人手术系统的被动轴线系统(PASSIVE AXIS SYSTEM FOR ROBOTICSURGICAL SYSTEMS)》的美国专利申请第62/345,090号和美国临时申请第62/345,144号中,所述申请的全部内容以引入的方式并入本文中。
如上文详述和图1中所展示,用户接口40处于以可操作方式与机器人系统10连通以在患者“P”上执行手术过程;然而,设想用户接口40可以可操作方式与手术模拟器(未图示)连通来在模拟环境下虚拟致动机器人系统和/或工具。举例来说,手术机器人系统1可具有连接用户接口40来致动机器人系统10的第一模式和将用户接口40连接到手术模拟器来虚拟致动机器人系统的第二模式。手术模拟器可以是独立单元或被整合到处理单元30中。手术模拟器通过将视觉、听觉、力和/或触觉反馈通过用户接口40提供给临床医生来实际地响应于与用户接口40配合的临床医生。举例来说,当临床医生与平衡环70配合时,手术模拟器将实际地作用于组织的代表性工具移动到模拟手术部位处。设想手术模拟器可允许临床医生在患者上执行手术过程之前练习手术过程。另外,手术模拟器可用于在手术过程上训练临床医生。另外,手术模拟器可以模拟所提议手术过程期间的“并发症”,从而允许临床医生计划手术过程。
虽然已在附图中展示本公开的若干实施例,但是并不意图将本公开限于这些实施例,因为希望本公开具有如本领域将允许的广泛的范围且对说明书的理解也是如此。还设想以上实施例的任何组合,且所述组合在所附权利要求书的范围内。因此,上文的描述不应解释为限制性的,而仅仅是作为特定实施例的例证。所属领域的技术人员将设想在本文随附的权利要求书的范围内的其它修改。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于机器人手术系统的控制臂,所述控制臂包括:
底座;
旋轴构件,其围绕第一旋转轴线以可旋转方式支撑于所述底座上;
竖直构件,其围绕第二旋转轴线以枢转方式支撑于所述旋轴构件上;
水平构件,其围绕第三旋转轴线由所述竖直构件以枢转方式支撑;以及
驱动机构,其安置于所述底座上,所述驱动机构包括:
第一驱动马达;
旋转轴,其围绕所述第一旋转轴线安置且以可旋转方式固定到所述旋轴构件;以及
旋转凸缘,其包含围绕所述第一旋转轴线安置且以可旋转方式固定到所述旋转轴的圆柱形构件,所述圆柱形构件以可操作方式连接到所述第一驱动马达以影响所述旋轴构件围绕所述第一旋转轴线的旋转,
其中所述旋转凸缘的旋转通过从底座的较低表面延伸的挡块来限制。
2.根据权利要求1所述的控制臂,其中所述旋转凸缘包含延伸到弧形壁的网状物,所述弧形壁围绕所述第一旋转轴线形成弧形。
3.根据权利要求2所述的控制臂,其中所述驱动机构包含将所述第一驱动马达以可操作方式连接到所述旋转凸缘的第一旋转缆线和第二旋转缆线。
4.根据权利要求3所述的控制臂,其中所述第一旋转缆线从所述第一驱动马达在第一方向上延伸到所述弧形壁的第一端部且所述第二旋转缆线从所述第一驱动马达在第二方向上延伸到所述弧形壁的第二端部。
5.根据权利要求1所述的控制臂,其中所述驱动机构包含:
第二驱动马达;
第一下部滑轮,围绕所述第一旋转轴线安置,由第一对驱动缆线以可操作方式连接到所述第二驱动马达;以及
第一上部滑轮,围绕所述第一旋转轴线安置且以可旋转方式固定到所述第一下部滑轮,所述第一上部滑轮以可操作方式连接到所述竖直构件以使所述竖直构件围绕所述第二旋转轴线枢转。
6.根据权利要求5所述的控制臂,其中所述竖直构件限定第一竖直构件凹槽和第二竖直构件凹槽,并且其中所述驱动机构包含:
第一惰轮;
第二惰轮;
第一枢转缆线,其围绕所述第一上部滑轮、环绕所述第一惰轮且在所述第一竖直构件凹槽内安置;以及
第二枢转缆线,其围绕所述第一上部滑轮、环绕所述第二惰轮且在所述第二竖直构件凹槽内安置,以将所述第一上部滑轮以可操作方式连接到所述竖直构件。
7.根据权利要求5所述的控制臂,其中所述驱动机构包含:
第一滑轮轴,其将所述第一下部滑轮以可旋转方式固定到所述第一上部滑轮;以及
第二下部滑轮和第二上部滑轮,其由围绕所述第一滑轮轴安置的第二滑轮轴以可旋转方式彼此固定。
8.根据权利要求1所述的控制臂,进一步包括:
支撑臂,其由所述旋轴构件围绕所述第二旋转轴线以枢转方式支撑;以及
支撑构件,其以枢转方式连接到所述支撑臂和所述水平构件以响应于所述支撑臂围绕所述第二旋转轴线的枢转而使所述水平构件围绕所述第三旋转轴线枢转。
9.根据权利要求1所述的控制臂,其中所述驱动机构包含:
第三驱动马达;
第二下部滑轮,其围绕所述第一旋转轴线安置,由第二对驱动缆线以可操作方式连接到所述第三驱动马达;以及
第二上部滑轮,其围绕所述第一旋转轴线安置且以可旋转方式固定到所述第二下部滑轮,所述第二上部滑轮以可操作方式连接到所述支撑臂以使所述支撑臂围绕所述第二旋转轴线枢转。
10.根据权利要求9所述的控制臂,其中所述支撑臂限定第一支撑凹槽和第二支撑凹槽,并且其中所述驱动机构包含:
第三惰轮;
第四惰轮;
第三枢转缆线,其围绕所述第二上部滑轮、环绕所述第三惰轮且在所述第一支撑凹槽内安置;以及
第四枢转缆线,其围绕所述第二上部滑轮、环绕所述第四惰轮且在所述第二支撑凹槽内安置以将所述第二上部滑轮以操作方式连接到所述支撑臂。
11.根据权利要求1所述的控制臂,其中所述支撑构件的下部端和上部端分别以枢转方式连接到所述支撑臂和所述水平构件,以响应于所述支撑臂围绕所述第二旋转轴线的枢转而使所述水平构件围绕所述第三旋转轴线枢转。
12.根据权利要求1所述的控制臂,其中所述驱动机构被构造成独立地使所述旋轴构件围绕所述第一旋转轴线旋转,使所述竖直构件围绕所述第二旋转轴线枢转,以及使所述水平构件围绕所述第三旋转轴线枢转。
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EP3463150B1 (en) 2023-09-27
CN107735040B (zh) 2021-06-18

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