CN115368271A - 一种溴代芳烃与醇反应合成烷基芳基醚的方法 - Google Patents
一种溴代芳烃与醇反应合成烷基芳基醚的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 150000001346 alkyl aryl ethers Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 title abstract description 9
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC(C)(C)[O-] MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 74
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001499 aryl bromides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium ethoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC[O-] QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229960001701 chloroform Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- -1 alkylaryl ether compound Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 25
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 60
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 40
- HQSCPPCMBMFJJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromobenzonitrile Chemical compound BrC1=CC=C(C#N)C=C1 HQSCPPCMBMFJJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 22
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 20
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000002390 rotary evaporation Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 18
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 6
- XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CO1 XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OOCCDEMITAIZTP-QPJJXVBHSA-N (E)-cinnamyl alcohol Chemical compound OC\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 OOCCDEMITAIZTP-QPJJXVBHSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000005002 aryl methyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006266 etherification reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- ZDFBKZUDCQQKAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-4-nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 ZDFBKZUDCQQKAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFMPMSCZPVNPEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromobenzonitrile Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC=C1C#N AFMPMSCZPVNPEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VUIWJRYTWUGOOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenoxyethanol Chemical compound OCCOC=C VUIWJRYTWUGOOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MOOUWXDQAUXZRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1 MOOUWXDQAUXZRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MSHFRERJPWKJFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methoxybenzyl alcohol Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(CO)C=C1 MSHFRERJPWKJFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QHLLEZOPZRBCOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC(Br)=CC=N1 QHLLEZOPZRBCOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JFBMFWHEXBLFCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-2-methylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC(Br)=CC=N1 JFBMFWHEXBLFCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KMTDMTZBNYGUNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylbenzyl alcohol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(CO)C=C1 KMTDMTZBNYGUNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005489 Bromoxynil Substances 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BHUIUXNAPJIDOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperonol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=C2OCOC2=C1 BHUIUXNAPJIDOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OOCCDEMITAIZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N allylic benzylic alcohol Natural products OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 OOCCDEMITAIZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006880 cross-coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 2
- HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1 HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FVEINXLJOJPHLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-tert-Butylbenzyl alcohol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(CO)C=C1 FVEINXLJOJPHLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 2
- PBLNHHSDYFYZNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1-naphthyl)methanol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CO)=CC=CC2=C1 PBLNHHSDYFYZNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZTLLUYFWAOGGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dioxane dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1.C1COCCO1 FZTLLUYFWAOGGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006964 Chan-Lam coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PQUCIEFHOVEZAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diammonium sulfite Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S([O-])=O PQUCIEFHOVEZAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZKSXHQDXQKIQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N F[C](F)F Chemical compound F[C](F)F WZKSXHQDXQKIQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006751 Mitsunobu reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006959 Williamson synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001543 aryl boronic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002153 concerted effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012955 diaryliodonium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005520 diaryliodonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000013110 organic ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003504 photosensitizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012070 reactive reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- YVFUZHVOOMVGRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;methylsulfinylmethane;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+].CS(C)=O YVFUZHVOOMVGRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioxanthen-9-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C253/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles
- C07C253/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles by reactions not involving the formation of cyano groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C201/00—Preparation of esters of nitric or nitrous acid or of compounds containing nitro or nitroso groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C201/06—Preparation of nitro compounds
- C07C201/12—Preparation of nitro compounds by reactions not involving the formation of nitro groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/62—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
- C07D213/63—One oxygen atom
- C07D213/68—One oxygen atom attached in position 4
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
- C07D307/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D307/38—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D307/40—Radicals substituted by oxygen atoms
- C07D307/42—Singly bound oxygen atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D317/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D317/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3
- C07D317/44—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D317/46—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems condensed with one six-membered ring
- C07D317/48—Methylenedioxybenzenes or hydrogenated methylenedioxybenzenes, unsubstituted on the hetero ring
- C07D317/50—Methylenedioxybenzenes or hydrogenated methylenedioxybenzenes, unsubstituted on the hetero ring with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to atoms of the carbocyclic ring
- C07D317/54—Radicals substituted by oxygen atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
- C07C2601/12—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring
- C07C2601/14—The ring being saturated
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种全新的通过无过渡金属催化实现溴代芳烃与醇反应合成烷基芳基醚的应用,其包括如下步骤:在惰性气体保护下,仅以溴代芳烃、醇、叔丁醇钠与溶剂为反应物料,将上述反应物加入到配备搅拌装置的反应容器中,室温搅拌反应4小时,得到烷基芳基醚类化合物。另外,本发明整个过程绿色、高效且易于操作,是一种合成烷基芳基醚类化合物的好方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于催化化学技术领域,具体涉及无过渡金属催化实现溴代芳烃与醇反应合成烷基芳基醚的应用。
背景技术
烷基芳基醚是药物、天然产物和农用化学品的基本结构单元,该类化合物的合成一般是过渡金属催化醇与卤代芳烃的Ullmann交叉偶联反应[J. Am. Chem. Soc.2018,140, 5023]或醇与芳基硼酸的Chan-Lam交叉偶联反应[J. Org. Chem. 2019, 84, 9226]。近几年,MacMillan和其他研究小组分别利用光催化与镍协同催化体系实现了醇与溴代芳烃或碘代芳烃的醚化反应[Nature2015, 524, 330;Chem. Sci.2019, 10, 5073;Chem. Commun.2019, 55, 4853;Org. Lett.2019, 21, 5331;ACS Catal.2020, 10, 15178;Chem. Commun.2020, 56, 8273]。但是,以上这些方法需要过渡金属催化剂、有机配体或光敏剂的参与,这些弊端使得该方法在有机合成中的应用受到极大限制。因此,很多科研学者报道了无过渡金属催化的烷基芳基醚的合成,例如,在相对较高温度下实现Williamson反应[J. Chem. Soc.1852, 4, 229],在碱性和膦配体的辅助条件下实现酚与醇的Mitsunobu反应[Chem. Rev.2009, 109, 2551],以及醇分别与二芳基碘鎓三氟甲磺酸盐[Org. Lett.2016, 18, 4234]、芳基三甲基三氟甲磺酸铵[Angew. Chem., Int. Ed.2018, 57,3641]、芳基甲磺酸盐[Org. Lett.2012, 14, 3886]、芳基甲基醚[Org. Lett.2018, 20,4267]或芳基三氟甲磺酸[J. Am. Chem. Soc.2019, 141, 6755]的偶联反应。但是,这些反应通常需要高温或高反应性试剂。
发明内容
为了克服上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种全新的无过渡金属催化实现溴代芳烃与醇反应合成烷基芳基醚的应用。即以叔丁醇钠作为碱,在室温条件下搅拌4小时,可以实现一系列溴代芳烃与醇的醚化反应。此外,本发明以较高收率获得烷基芳基醚类化合物。本发明的整个催化过程绿色、高效且易于操作,是一种合成烷基芳基醚类化合物的好方法。
具体而言,本发明采用如下技术方案:
通过无过渡金属催化实现溴代芳烃与醇反应合成烷基芳基醚的方法,其包括如下步骤:在惰性气体保护下,按照溴代芳烃、醇、叔丁醇钠之间的摩尔比为1:2:1.5,将上述反应物加入到配备搅拌装置的反应容器中,再加入1 mL二甲基亚砜(DMSO),在惰性气体、室温下搅拌反应4小时,得到烷基芳基醚类化合物。
优选的,在上述烷基芳基醚类化合物的合成方法中,所述惰性气体选自氮气、氦气、氖气、氩气中的任意一种,优选氮气。
优选的,在上述烷基芳基醚化合物的合成方法中,所述溴代芳烃类化合物具有如式(A)~式(D)中的任意一种所示的结构通式:
其中:R1可以选自氰基、硝基;R2可以选自甲基、三氟甲基。
优选的,在上述烷基芳基醚化合物的合成方法中,所述醇类化合物具有如式(E)~式(L)中的任意一种所示的结构通式:
其中:R3可以选自甲基、乙基、正丁基、正癸基;R4可以选自甲基、甲氧基、叔丁基和三氟甲基。
优选的,在上述烷基芳基醚化合物的合成方法中,所述无机碱选自叔丁醇钠(NaO t Bu)、叔丁醇钾(KO t Bu)、甲醇钠(NaOMe)、乙醇钠(NaOEt)、氢氧化钾(KOH)、氢氧化钠(NaOH)。
优选的,在上述烷基芳基醚化合物的合成方法中,所述溶剂选自二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、乙腈(MeCN)、三氯甲烷(CHCl3)、甲苯(toluene)、1,4-二氧六环(1,4-dioxane)中的任意一种。
优选的,在上述烷基芳基醚化合物的合成方法中,所述溴代芳烃、醇、碱之间的摩尔比为1∶(1.5~2.5)∶(1~2),优选1∶2∶1.5。
优选的,在上述烷基芳基醚化合物的合成方法中,所述搅拌装置为磁力搅拌装置。
优选的,在上述烷基芳基醚化合物的合成方法中,所述反应容器为密封反应管。
优选的,在上述烷基芳基醚化合物的合成方法中,所述反应是在室温搅拌下进行。
优选的,在上述烷基芳基醚化合物的合成方法中,所述反应的反应时间为3~5小时,优选4小时。
与现有技术相比,采用上述技术方案的本发明具有下列优点:本发明首次以叔丁醇钠为碱,在室温搅拌下,实现了一系列烷基芳基醚化合物的合成。此外,本发明以较高收率获得烷基芳基醚化合物。整个过程绿色、高效且易于操作,是一种合成烷基芳基醚化合物的好方法。而且本发明产物可对含有氰基的醚化产物进行酸化得到苯甲酸化合物,再进一步与胺反应,得到现有药物小分子,比如butoxycaine。
具体实施方式
本发明无需金属(包括常规金属、过渡金属等)催化,实现溴代芳烃与醇反应合成烷基芳基醚,仅以溴代芳烃、醇、无机碱与溶剂为反应物料,室温搅拌反应4小时,得到烷基芳基醚类化合物。下面将结合具体的实施例对本发明做出进一步的描述。除非另有说明,下列实施例中所使用的试剂、材料、仪器等均可通过商业手段获得。实施例的收率为分离收率(有特殊说明除外)。
实施例1:以叔丁醇钠为碱实现对溴苯甲腈和正己醇反应。
将对溴苯甲腈(0.2 mmol),正己醇(0.4 mmol),NaO t Bu(0.3 mmol)以及DMSO(1mL)加入带有磁力搅拌子的干燥的反应管中,接着该反应管用N2置换3次,在室温下搅拌反应4小时。反应结束后,加入3 mL水,然后用3×3 mL乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相,有机相再用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液旋转蒸发浓缩后,经硅胶色谱柱层析分离,得到目标产物(收率83%)。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ = 7.57 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 6.93 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 3.99 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 1.86–1.73 (m, 2H), 1.52–1.40 (m,2H), 1.34 (d, J = 2.7 Hz, 4H), 0.90 (s, 3H)。13C-NMR (151 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ =162.6, 134.1, 119.5, 115.4, 103.8, 68.6, 31.7, 29.1, 25.8, 22.8, 14.2。
拓展实施例
Entry | Base | Solvent | Yield |
1<sup><i>b</i></sup> | NaO<sup><i>t</i></sup>Bu | DMSO | 32% |
2 | NaO<sup><i>t</i></sup>Bu | DMSO | 85% |
3 | KO<sup><i>t</i></sup>Bu | DMSO | 46% |
4 | NaOMe | DMSO | 32% |
5 | NaOEt | DMSO | 45% |
6 | KOH | DMSO | 24% |
7 | NaOH | DMSO | 33% |
8 | NaO<sup><i>t</i></sup>Bu | DMF | 31% |
9 | NaO<sup><i>t</i></sup>Bu | MeCN | 3% |
10 | NaO<sup><i>t</i></sup>Bu | CHCl<sub>3</sub> | 0 |
11 | NaO<sup><i>t</i></sup>Bu | Toluene | 2% |
12 | NaO<sup><i>t</i></sup>Bu | 1,4-dioxane | 0 |
13<sup>c</sup> | NaO<sup><i>t</i></sup>Bu | DMSO | 43% |
14<sup>d</sup> | NaO<sup><i>t</i></sup>Bu | DMSO | 41% |
15<sup>e</sup> | NaO<sup><i>t</i></sup>Bu | DMSO | 48% |
16<sup>f</sup> | NaO<sup><i>t</i></sup>Bu | DMSO | 42% |
17<sup>g</sup> | NaO<sup><i>t</i></sup>Bu | DMSO | 38% |
aA1 (0.2 mmol), B1 (0.4 mmol), NaO t Bu (0.3 mmol, 1.5 equiv), 1 mLDMSO, N2, 室温反应4 h. HPLC收率. bthioxanthen-9-one (20 mol %), NiBr2 (10 mol%), 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine (12 mol %), 在45 W 节能灯的照射下反应4小时,并通过风扇为其降温. c-g分别加入2 mol % 的FeCl3、CoCl2、Ni(OAc)2∙4H2O、Pd(OAc)2、CuCl2。
实施例2:以叔丁醇钠为碱实现对溴硝基苯和正己醇反应。
将对溴硝基苯(0.2 mmol),正己醇(0.4 mmol),NaO t Bu(0.3 mmol)以及DMSO(1mL)加入带有磁力搅拌子的干燥的反应管中,接着该反应管用N2置换3次,在室温下搅拌反应4小时。反应结束后,加入3 mL水,然后用3×3 mL乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相,有机相再用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液旋转蒸发浓缩后,经硅胶色谱柱层析分离,得到目标产物(收率83%)。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ = 8.18 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 6.93 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 4.04 (t, J = 5.8 Hz, 2H), 1.88–1.74 (m, 2H), 1.46 (s, 2H),1.34 (s, 4H), 0.90 (s, 3H)。13C-NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ = 164.5, 141.5,126.1, 114.6, 69.1, 31.7, 29.1, 25.8, 22.7, 14.2。
实施例3:以叔丁醇钠为碱实现2-三氟甲基-4-溴苯腈和正己醇反应。
将2-三氟甲基-4-溴苯腈(0.2 mmol),正己醇(0.4 mmol),NaO t Bu(0.3 mmol)以及DMSO(1 mL)加入带有磁力搅拌子的干燥的反应管中,接着该反应管用N2置换3次,在室温下搅拌反应4小时。反应结束后,加入3 mL水,然后用3×3 mL乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相,有机相再用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液旋转蒸发浓缩后,经硅胶色谱柱层析分离,得到目标产物(收率82%)。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ = 7.74 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 4.06 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H),1.89–1.76 (m, 2H), 1.47 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 1.41–1.29 (m, 4H), 0.91 (t, J =6.6 Hz, 3H)。13C-NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ = 162.5, 136.7, 134.7 (q, J = 32.6Hz), 122.4 (q, J = 274.0 Hz), 117.3, 116.1, 114.0 (q, J = 4.8 Hz), 101.0 (q,J = 2.0 Hz), 69.3, 31.6, 29.0, 25.7, 22.7, 14.1。
实施例4:以叔丁醇钠为碱实现邻溴苯甲腈和正己醇反应。
将邻溴苯甲腈(0.2 mmol),正己醇(0.4 mmol),NaO t Bu(0.3 mmol)以及DMSO(1mL)加入带有磁力搅拌子的干燥的反应管中,接着该反应管用N2置换3次,在室温下搅拌反应4小时。反应结束后,加入3 mL水,然后用3×3 mL乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相,有机相再用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液旋转蒸发浓缩后,经硅胶色谱柱层析分离,得到目标产物(收率80%)。
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ = 7.51 (dd, J = 16.4, 7.7 Hz, 2H), 6.96(dd, J = 14.0, 7.9 Hz, 2H), 4.05 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 1.91–1.76 (m, 2H),1.57–1.42 (m, 2H), 1.41–1.27 (m, 4H), 0.90 (t, J = 6.6 Hz, 3H)。13C NMR (101MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ = 161.0, 134.4, 133.9, 120.6, 116.7, 112.4, 102.2, 69.2,31.6, 29.0, 25.7, 22.7, 14.1。
实施例5:以叔丁醇钠为碱实现2-甲基-4-溴吡啶和正己醇反应。
将2-甲基-4-溴吡啶(0.2 mmol),正己醇(0.4 mmol),NaO t Bu(0.3 mmol)以及DMSO(1 mL)加入带有磁力搅拌子的干燥的反应管中,接着该反应管用N2置换3次,在室温下搅拌反应4小时。反应结束后,加入3 mL水,然后用3×3 mL乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相,有机相再用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液旋转蒸发浓缩后,经硅胶色谱柱层析分离,得到目标产物(收率70%)。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ = 8.25 (d, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H), 6.62 (s,1H), 6.59 (d, J = 5.5 Hz, 1H), 3.94 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.47 (s, 3H), 1.82–1.68 (m, 2H), 1.48–1.37 (m, 2H), 1.36–1.26 (m, 4H), 0.87 (t, J = 6.2 Hz, 3H)。13C-NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ = 165.7, 159.9, 150.2, 109.6, 107.8, 68.0, 31.6,29.0, 25.7, 24.6, 22.7, 14.1。
实施例6:以叔丁醇钠为碱实现2-三氟甲基-4-溴吡啶和正己醇反应。
将2-三氟甲基-4-溴吡啶(0.2 mmol),正己醇(0.4 mmol),NaO t Bu(0.3 mmol)以及DMSO(1 mL)加入带有磁力搅拌子的干燥的反应管中,接着该反应管用N2置换3次,在室温下搅拌反应4小时。反应结束后,加入3 mL水,然后用3×3 mL乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相,有机相再用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液旋转蒸发浓缩后,经硅胶色谱柱层析分离,得到目标产物(收率77%)。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ = 8.51 (d, J = 5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (dd, J = 5.3, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 4.05 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H),1.87–1.75 (m, 2H), 1.51–1.40 (m, 2H), 1.40–1.28 (m, 4H), 0.90 (t, J = 6.6 Hz,3H)。13C-NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ = 166.4, 151.5, 149.9 (q, J = 34.2 Hz),121.7 (d, J = 274.3 Hz), 112.4, 108.0 (q, J = 2.9 Hz), 68.9, 31.6, 28.9,25.7, 22.7, 14.2。
实施例7:以叔丁醇钠为碱实现对溴苯甲腈和甲醇反应。
将对溴苯甲腈(0.2 mmol),甲醇(0.4 mmol),NaO t Bu(0.3 mmol)以及DMSO(1 mL)加入带有磁力搅拌子的干燥的反应管中,接着该反应管用N2置换3次,在室温下搅拌反应4小时。反应结束后,加入3 mL水,然后用3×3 mL乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相,有机相再用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液旋转蒸发浓缩后,经硅胶色谱柱层析分离,得到目标产物(收率99%)。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ = 7.58 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 6.94 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 3.85 (s, 3H)。13C-NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ = 163.1, 134.1,119.4, 114.9, 104.2, 55.7。
实施例8:以叔丁醇钠为碱实现对溴苯甲腈和乙醇反应。
将对溴苯甲腈(0.2 mmol),乙醇(0.4 mmol),NaO t Bu(0.3 mmol)以及DMSO(1 mL)加入带有磁力搅拌子的干燥的反应管中,接着该反应管用N2置换3次,在室温下搅拌反应4小时。反应结束后,加入3 mL水,然后用3×3 mL乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相,有机相再用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液旋转蒸发浓缩后,经硅胶色谱柱层析分离,得到目标产物(收率99%)。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ = 7.56 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 6.92 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 4.07 (q, J = 7.0 Hz, 2H), 1.43 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 3H)。13C-NMR (101MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ = 162.5, 134.1, 119.4, 115.4, 103.9, 64.1, 14.7。
实施例9:以叔丁醇钠为碱实现对溴苯甲腈和正丁醇反应。
将对溴苯甲腈(0.2 mmol),正丁醇(0.4 mmol),NaO t Bu(0.3 mmol)以及DMSO(1mL)加入带有磁力搅拌子的干燥的反应管中,接着该反应管用N2置换3次,在室温下搅拌反应4小时。反应结束后,加入3 mL水,然后用3×3 mL乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相,有机相再用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液旋转蒸发浓缩后,经硅胶色谱柱层析分离,得到目标产物(收率87%)。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ = 7.57 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 6.93 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 4.00 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 1.85–1.71 (m, 2H), 1.56–1.42 (m,2H), 0.98 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H)。13C-NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ = 162.7, 134.1,119.5, 115.4, 103.9, 68.3, 31.2, 19.3, 13.9。
实施例10:以叔丁醇钠为碱实现对溴苯甲腈和正癸醇反应。
将对溴苯甲腈(0.2 mmol),正癸醇(0.4 mmol),NaO t Bu(0.3 mmol)以及DMSO(1mL)加入带有磁力搅拌子的干燥的反应管中,接着该反应管用N2置换3次,在室温下搅拌反应4小时。反应结束后,加入3 mL水,然后用3×3 mL乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相,有机相再用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液旋转蒸发浓缩后,经硅胶色谱柱层析分离,得到目标产物(收率80%)。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ = 7.56 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 6.92 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 3.99 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 1.85–1.74 (m, 2H), 1.43 (d, J = 7.6Hz, 2H), 1.29 (d, J = 17.1 Hz, 12H), 0.88 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, 3H)。13C-NMR (151MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ = 162.7, 134.1, 119.5, 115.4, 103.8, 68.6, 32.1, 29.9,29.7, 29.5, 29.5, 29.2, 26.1, 22.9, 14.3。
实施例11:以叔丁醇钠为碱实现对溴苯甲腈和乙二醇乙烯醚反应。
将对溴苯甲腈(0.2 mmol),乙二醇乙烯醚(0.4 mmol),NaO t Bu(0.3 mmol)以及DMSO(1 mL)加入带有磁力搅拌子的干燥的反应管中,接着该反应管用N2置换3次,在室温下搅拌反应4小时。反应结束后,加入3 mL水,然后用3×3 mL乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相,有机相再用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液旋转蒸发浓缩后,经硅胶色谱柱层析分离,得到目标产物(收率88%)。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ = 7.59 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 6.98 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 6.52 (dd, J = 14.3, 6.7 Hz, 1H), 4.34–4.18 (m, 3H), 4.15–3.98(m, 3H)。13C-NMR (151 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ = 162.1, 151.8, 134.2, 119.3, 115.5,104.6, 87.5, 66.9, 66.2。
实施例12:以叔丁醇钠为碱实现对溴苯甲腈和肉桂醇反应。
将对溴苯甲腈(0.2 mmol),肉桂醇(0.4 mmol),NaO t Bu(0.3 mmol)以及DMSO(1mL)加入带有磁力搅拌子的干燥的反应管中,接着该反应管用N2置换3次,在室温下搅拌反应4小时。反应结束后,加入3 mL水,然后用3×3 mL乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相,有机相再用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液旋转蒸发浓缩后,经硅胶色谱柱层析分离,得到目标产物(收率61%)。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ = 7.59 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.42 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 7.34 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 7.29 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.00 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 6.74 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H), 6.38 (dt, J = 15.9, 5.8 Hz, 1H),4.75 (d, J = 5.5 Hz, 2H)。13C-NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ = 162.1, 136.2,134.2, 134.1, 128.9, 128.4, 126.8, 123.2, 119.3, 115.7, 104.3, 69.1。
实施例13:以叔丁醇钠为碱实现对溴苯甲腈和对甲基苯甲醇反应。
将对溴苯甲腈(0.2 mmol),对甲基苯甲醇(0.4 mmol),NaO t Bu(0.3 mmol)以及DMSO(1 mL)加入带有磁力搅拌子的干燥的反应管中,接着该反应管用N2置换3次,在室温下搅拌反应4小时。反应结束后,加入3 mL水,然后用3×3 mL乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相,有机相再用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液旋转蒸发浓缩后,经硅胶色谱柱层析分离,得到目标产物(收率80%)。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ = 7.58 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.30 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H), 7.21 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.01 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 5.07 (s,2H), 2.37 (s, 3H)。13C-NMR (151 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ = 162.2, 138.5, 134.2,132.8, 129.6, 127.8, 119.4, 115.8, 104.3, 70.4, 21.4。
实施例14:以叔丁醇钠为碱实现对溴苯甲腈和对甲氧基苯甲醇反应。
将对溴苯甲腈(0.2 mmol),对甲氧基苯甲醇(0.4 mmol),NaO t Bu(0.3 mmol)以及DMSO(1 mL)加入带有磁力搅拌子的干燥的反应管中,接着该反应管用N2置换3次,在室温下搅拌反应4小时。反应结束后,加入3 mL水,然后用3×3 mL乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相,有机相再用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液旋转蒸发浓缩后,经硅胶色谱柱层析分离,得到目标产物(收率81%)。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ = 7.58 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.34 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.01 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 6.93 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 5.03 (s,2H), 3.82 (s, 3H)。13C-NMR (151 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ = 162.2, 159.9, 134.1,129.5, 127.8, 119.4, 115.7, 114.3, 104.2, 70.3, 55.5。
实施例15:以叔丁醇钠为碱实现对溴苯甲腈和对叔丁基苯甲醇反应。
将对溴苯甲腈(0.2 mmol),对叔丁基苯甲醇(0.4 mmol),NaO t Bu(0.3 mmol)以及DMSO(1 mL)加入带有磁力搅拌子的干燥的反应管中,接着该反应管用N2置换3次,在室温下搅拌反应4小时。反应结束后,加入3 mL水,然后用3×3 mL乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相,有机相再用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液旋转蒸发浓缩后,经硅胶色谱柱层析分离,得到目标产物(收率73%)。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ = 7.59 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.44 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.36 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.03 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 5.08 (s,2H), 1.34 (s, 9H)。13C-NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ = 162.3, 151.7, 134.2,132.8, 127.6, 125.9, 119.4, 115.7, 104.3, 70.4, 34.8, 31.5。
实施例16:以叔丁醇钠为碱实现对溴苯甲腈和对三氟甲基苯甲醇反应。
将对溴苯甲腈(0.2 mmol),对三氟甲基苯甲醇(0.4 mmol),NaO t Bu(0.3 mmol)以及DMSO(1 mL)加入带有磁力搅拌子的干燥的反应管中,接着该反应管用N2置换3次,在室温下搅拌反应4小时。反应结束后,加入3 mL水,然后用3×3 mL乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相,有机相再用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液旋转蒸发浓缩后,经硅胶色谱柱层析分离,得到目标产物(收率85%)。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ = 7.66 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.60 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.54 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 2H), 7.02 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 5.18 (s,2H)。13C-NMR (151 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ = 161.7, 139.9, 134.3, 130.8 (q, J = 32.5Hz), 127.6, 125.9 (q, J = 3.7 Hz), 124.1 (q, J = 272.1 Hz), 119.2, 115.7,104.9, 69.5。
实施例17:以叔丁醇钠为碱实现对溴苯甲腈和1-萘甲醇反应。
将对溴苯甲腈(0.2 mmol),1-萘甲醇(0.4 mmol),NaO t Bu(0.3 mmol)以及DMSO(1mL)加入带有磁力搅拌子的干燥的反应管中,接着该反应管用N2置换3次,在室温下搅拌反应4小时。反应结束后,加入3 mL水,然后用3×3 mL乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相,有机相再用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液旋转蒸发浓缩后,经硅胶色谱柱层析分离,得到目标产物(收率78%)。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ = 8.00 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.96 – 7.85(m, 2H), 7.66–7.52 (m, 5H), 7.48 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (d, J = 8.6 Hz,2H), 5.54 (s, 2H)。13C-NMR (151 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ = 162.2, 134.3, 134.0,131.6, 131.2, 129.7, 129.1, 127.0, 126.9, 126.3, 125.5, 123.6, 119.4, 115.8,104.6, 69.2。
实施例18:以叔丁醇钠为碱实现对溴苯甲腈和胡椒醇反应。
将对溴苯甲腈(0.2 mmol),胡椒醇(0.4 mmol),NaO t Bu(0.3 mmol)以及DMSO(1mL)加入带有磁力搅拌子的干燥的反应管中,接着该反应管用N2置换3次,在室温下搅拌反应4小时。反应结束后,加入3 mL水,然后用3×3 mL乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相,有机相再用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液旋转蒸发浓缩后,经硅胶色谱柱层析分离,得到目标产物(收率82%)。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ = 7.57 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.00 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 6.92–6.84 (m, 2H), 6.81 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 5.97 (s, 2H),5.00 (s, 2H)。13C-NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ = 162.0, 148.2, 147.9, 134.2,129.5, 121.6, 119.3, 115.7, 108.6, 108.4, 104.4, 101.4, 70.4。
实施例19:以叔丁醇钠为碱实现对溴苯甲腈和糠醇反应。
将对溴苯甲腈(0.2 mmol),糠醇(0.4 mmol),NaO t Bu(0.3 mmol)以及DMSO(1 mL)加入带有磁力搅拌子的干燥的反应管中,接着该反应管用N2置换3次,在室温下搅拌反应4小时。反应结束后,加入3 mL水,然后用3×3 mL乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相,有机相再用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液旋转蒸发浓缩后,经硅胶色谱柱层析分离,得到目标产物(收率80%)。
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ = 7.59 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.46 (s,1H), 7.03 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 6.47 (d, J = 2.7 Hz, 1H), 6.40 (s, 1H), 5.05(s, 2H)。13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ = 161.8, 149.3, 143.7, 134.2, 119.2,115.8, 110.8, 104.7, 62.7。
实施例20:以叔丁醇钠为碱实现对溴苯甲腈和环己醇反应。
将对溴苯甲腈(0.2 mmol),环己醇(0.4 mmol),NaO t Bu(0.3 mmol)以及DMSO(1mL)加入带有磁力搅拌子的干燥的反应管中,接着该反应管用N2置换3次,在室温下搅拌反应4小时。反应结束后,加入3 mL水,然后用3×3 mL乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相,有机相再用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液旋转蒸发浓缩后,经硅胶色谱柱层析分离,得到目标产物(收率72%)。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ = 7.55 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 6.92 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 4.39–4.24 (m, 1H), 2.03–1.91 (m, 2H), 1.86–1.75 (m, 2H), 1.54(dd, J = 19.5, 9.8 Hz, 3H), 1.44–1.30 (m, 3H)。13C-NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) δ= 161.5, 134.2, 119.6, 116.4, 103.5, 75.9, 31.7, 25.6, 23.8。
Claims (10)
1.无机碱作为添加物在溴代芳烃与醇反应合成烷基芳基醚中的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:所述反应在惰性气体保护下、溶剂中进行。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:所述反应无过渡金属。
4.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:所述无机碱选自叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾、甲醇钠、乙醇钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述反应是在室温下反应3~5小时。
6.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于:所述溶剂选自二甲基亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、乙腈、三氯甲烷、甲苯、1,4-二氧六环中的任意一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:所述溴代芳烃、醇、无机碱之间的摩尔比为1∶(1.5~2.5)∶(1~2)。
8.一种合成烷基芳基醚的方法,其特征在于:在无机碱存在下,溴代芳烃与醇反应合成烷基芳基醚。
9.根据权利要求8所述合成烷基芳基醚的方法,其特征在于:所述反应在惰性气体保护下、溶剂中进行。
10.根据权利要求8所述合成烷基芳基醚的方法制备的烷基芳基醚。
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T. M. RANGARAJAN, ET AL.: "Mild and efficient palladium/BrettPhos-catalyzed methoxylation and deuteriomethoxylation of activated aryl bromides", 《TETRAHEDRON LETTERS》, vol. 56, pages 2234 - 2237 * |
王霞,等: "杂芳基烷基醚、杂芳基卤化物与(氘代)醇的亲核醚化", 《有机化学》, vol. 41, pages 795 - 805 * |
郭芳杰,等: "室温下叔丁醇钾促进烷基芳基硫醚的合成与机理研究", 《有机化学》, vol. 37, pages 1556 - 1559 * |
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