CN115364080B - 桤木酮在制备糖代谢紊乱疾病预防及治疗药物中的应用 - Google Patents
桤木酮在制备糖代谢紊乱疾病预防及治疗药物中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于生物医药领域,提供了一种桤木酮的新应用:桤木酮在制备糖代谢紊乱疾病的预防及治疗药物和保健品中的应用;所述桤木酮可以为化学合成或生物提取获得;所述疾病包括但不限于2型糖尿病、妊娠糖尿病、多囊卵巢综合征、肥胖及代谢综合征。本发明通过实验验证了桤木酮在体外具有增加葡萄糖刺激的细胞内Ca2+浓度从而促进β细胞胰岛素分泌的作用,在体内可降低肥胖及2型糖尿病小鼠的血糖水平并改善糖耐量损伤的症状,并且靶点明确,无毒副反应,可用于制备2型糖尿病等糖代谢紊乱疾病的预防及治疗药物。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药领域,具体涉及一种桤木酮的新应用,具体涉及桤木酮在II型糖尿病等糖代谢紊乱疾病预防及治疗中的用途。
背景技术
随着人口老龄化及现代生活方式的变化,糖尿病、肥胖和代谢综合征等代谢性疾病的发生急剧增长,已成为全球性的公共健康问题。其中糖尿病是一种多病因引起的以血糖增高为主要特征的终身性代谢性疾病。2020年发表在BMJ杂志的最新流行病学调查显示,中国汉族成人糖尿病的患病率已高达12.8%。糖尿病的并发症极多,包括心脑血管疾病、糖尿病足及肾病等,且发生并发症后药物治疗难以逆转,使得糖尿病的死亡率居高不下。然而,中国糖尿病患者的血糖控制率仅为49.4%。面对如此严峻的防控形势,如何进行有效的降糖治疗是目前该领域的研究热点和亟待解决的问题。
胰岛素抵抗和胰岛素分泌不足是2型糖尿病的两大发病机制,其中胰岛β细胞分泌功能损伤在2型糖尿病的发生发展过程中居于核心地位,是该病的主要病理生理基础(Ashcroft and Rorsman,2012)。胰岛β细胞感知血液中的葡萄糖、脂肪酸及氨基酸三大营养素水平,并受到神经激素信号的调控,从而根据机体需求来分泌胰岛素,以满足机体的代谢需要。营养物质感知包括β细胞内的代谢激活,从而产生代谢偶联信号,促进胰岛素的生物合成和分泌。(Nolan and Prentki,2008)。葡萄糖进入β细胞后经过糖酵解和线粒体代谢产生ATP,引起细胞膜ATP敏感的K+通道关闭继发L型Ca2+通道开放,Ca2+进入胞浆从而触发胰岛素颗粒的出胞,这是经典的β细胞刺激-分泌偶联途径。因此,Ca2+信号对胰岛素分泌发挥关键作用,该信号通路紊乱会导致β细胞功能障碍,引起血糖调节紊乱。
研究表明,多囊卵巢综合征、肥胖以及代谢综合征与糖代谢紊乱之间的关系密切。多囊卵巢综合征、肥胖及代谢综合征患者常伴有胰岛素抵抗,这使得胰岛β细胞功能进行性损伤,长此以往引发糖耐量减低、2型糖尿病等糖代谢异常。
在目前针对2型糖尿病的治疗中,口服降糖药应用最为广泛。根据药物的靶向性,临床使用的抗糖尿病药物主要分为靶向β细胞的胰岛素促泌剂和靶向外周器官(肝脏、肌肉、肠道等)的胰岛素增敏剂,常用药物有二甲双胍、噻唑烷二酮类、α糖苷酶抑制剂等。这些药物虽具有良好的疗效,但长期使用会引发体重增加、心血管毒性、肝脏毒性和胃肠道反应等副作用。因此,迫切需要基于该病β细胞功能缺陷的病理机制,进一步寻找可用于2型糖尿病治疗的全新药物。
桤木酮是一种非酚类二芳基庚烷,是中药草豆蔻中的一种天然活性产物。据报道,二苯基庚烷类化合物具有广泛的药理活性,如抗炎、保肝、抗氧化和抗肿瘤作用(Song etal,2001)。对桤木酮的生物活性研究显示,其具有抗细菌和抗炎活性(Huang et al,2006)。另有研究发现,草豆蔻中提取的桤木酮在体外还具有显著的抗肿瘤活性(Li et al,2010)。然而,桤木酮在代谢性疾病中的作用目前未见报道。
发明内容
为了寻找可用于2型糖尿病等糖代谢紊乱疾病的药剂或药物先导化合物,本发明提供了一种桤木酮的新应用,可以改善胰岛β细胞功能损伤,用于2型糖尿病等糖代谢紊乱疾病的预防及治疗。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案。
一种桤木酮在制备治疗和预防糖代谢紊乱疾病的药物和保健品中的应用。
桤木酮的化学名称为:(4E,6E)-1,7-二苯基-4,6-庚二烯-3-酮,英文名称为:alnustone,结构式为:
。
优选地,所述桤木酮可以为化学合成或生物提取获得;在原料药中的含量不低于50%w/w。
所述疾病包括但不限于2型糖尿病、妊娠糖尿病、多囊卵巢综合征、肥胖及代谢综合征。
一种含有桤木酮的治疗糖代谢紊乱疾病的药物和辅助降糖作用的保健食品。
本发明具有以下优点:
本发明通过实验验证了桤木酮在体外具有增加葡萄糖刺激的细胞内Ca2+浓度从而促进β细胞胰岛素分泌的作用,在体内可降低2型糖尿病小鼠的血糖水平并改善糖耐量损伤的症状,并且靶点明确,无毒副反应,可用于制备2型糖尿病等糖代谢紊乱疾病的预防及治疗药物。
附图说明
图1为桤木酮处理后对β细胞葡萄糖刺激的细胞内Ca2+探针荧光强度的影响;
图2为桤木酮处理后上调β细胞葡萄糖刺激的细胞内Ca2+的浓度依赖效应;
图3为桤木酮在正常及高糖高脂诱导下对β细胞高糖刺激的胰岛素分泌的影响;
图4为HFD小鼠与正常饮食小鼠比较的葡萄糖耐量;
图5为HFD小鼠给予对照溶剂和桤木酮注射后的体重和随机血糖水平;
图6为HFD小鼠给予对照溶剂和桤木酮注射后的葡萄糖耐量水平;
图7为HFD小鼠给予对照溶剂和桤木酮注射后的体内胰岛素释放水平;
图8为HFD小鼠给予对照溶剂和桤木酮注射后的胰岛素耐量水平。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明做进一步说明,但本发明不受下述实施例的限制。
实施例1 桤木酮增强β细胞葡萄糖刺激的细胞内Ca2+及胰岛素分泌功能
(1)实验用胰岛β细胞系MIN6细胞的培养和加药处理:
MIN6细胞(22~30代)接种于培养瓶及不同类型的培养板中,用含25mmol/L的葡萄糖、10%胎牛血清、β-巯基乙醇(5μL/L)以及青/链霉素的DMEM培养基于37℃、5%CO2培养箱内培养。细胞每两天换一次培养液,细胞汇合度约90%时进行传代或铺板。待细胞铺板贴壁后换成无血清并加BSA的DMEM培液,同时加入对照DMSO溶剂或相应浓度的桤木酮,处理24小时后检测相应指标。
(2)细胞内钙成像:
细胞内Ca2+水平采用Ca2+探针Fluo-4(Invitrogen)进行检测。MIN6细胞铺入可成像用的96孔板(Perkin Elmer),进行对照DMSO溶剂或桤木酮加药处理,每组设三副孔。24小时后,每孔细胞加入2μM与Pluronic F-127(Invitrogen)预混的Fluo-4 AM指示剂,配制缓冲液为含2.8mM葡萄糖的KRB溶液,于37℃培养箱中孵育30分钟。孵育结束后用含2.8mM葡萄糖、不含指示剂的KRB溶液洗三遍,然后再孵育30分钟,以使细胞内AM酯完全去酯化,立即上机检测。
Fluo-4 Ca2+探针的荧光成像检测采用Opera Phenix高内涵成像系统(PerkinElmer)进行。选择20×物镜,每孔拍摄5个视野。细胞在2.8mM葡萄糖的KRB溶液下先检测基线荧光水平,再加入25mM的葡萄糖刺激并立即上机检测。荧光强度分析采用Harmony软件进行(Perkin Elmer),每孔荧光强度为5个视野的荧光强度均值,25mM葡萄糖刺激后的荧光强度比基线荧光强度即反映葡萄糖刺激的细胞内Ca2+水平。
(3)胰岛素分泌实验:
MIN6细胞铺板贴壁后,加入对照培养基或含高糖高脂肪酸的培养基(含33.3mM的葡萄糖和0.5mM的棕榈酸),再加入对照DMSO溶剂及10μM桤木酮加药处理。24小时后,每孔细胞先于含2.8mM葡萄糖的KRB缓冲液中预培养,30分钟后加入2.8mM葡萄糖的KRB溶液处理1小时,再加入25mM葡萄糖的KRB溶液刺激1小时。收集上清并用ELISA胰岛素试剂盒(Alpco)检测上清的胰岛素水平,同时收取细胞检测蛋白浓度,用每孔细胞上清的胰岛素水平比蛋白浓度代表胰岛素的分泌量。
检测结果如图1-3所示,10μM的桤木酮处理MIN6 β细胞后荧光显著增强,说明桤木酮可显著增加葡萄糖刺激的细胞内Ca2+水平(fluo-4荧光探针指示)。浓度剂量曲线显示,随着桤木酮处理浓度从0.1-50μM的逐渐增高,β细胞内葡萄糖刺激的细胞内Ca2+浓度也逐渐增加。与此相一致的是,10μM的桤木酮可显著促进β细胞葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素分泌。
2型糖尿病的主要病理生理特征是循环中葡萄糖和饱和脂肪酸水平的升高,而这种高糖高脂环境会诱发内质网应激、氧化应激及细胞凋亡等,从而损伤β细胞功能,造成胰岛素分泌不足的恶性循环。本试验中模拟2型糖尿病的病理环境给予β细胞高糖高棕榈酸处理,可显著抑制胰岛素的分泌水平。而高糖高脂刺激的同时加入10μM的桤木酮,能显著逆转胰岛素分泌水平的降低。上述实验结果说明桤木酮可有效保护β细胞并恢复β细胞功能损伤。
实施例2 桤木酮改善高脂饮食诱导的肥胖及2型糖尿病小鼠的糖代谢损伤
(1)实验用动物模型的构建及给药:
野生型C57BL/6J雄性小鼠(购自北京维通利华公司)于4周龄开始给予高脂饮食喂养(60%脂肪,Research Diet),持续喂养12周。该高脂饮食喂养小鼠可出现肥胖、胰岛素抵抗及血糖升高等代谢损伤表型,是常用的肥胖及2型糖尿病小鼠模型。选取体重增长一致的小鼠随机分为两组,实验组每天给予10mg/kg体重的桤木酮腹腔注射(10%药物+40%PEG300+5%Tween-80+45%生理盐水配制),对照组给予相应浓度的DMSO溶剂,持续给药7天后检测各代谢指标,小鼠给药期间维持高脂饮食喂养。
(2)主要检测代谢指标如下:
a)对照溶剂及桤木酮注射7天后小鼠的体重;
b)对照溶剂及桤木酮注射7天后小鼠的进食后随机血糖水平;
c)对照溶剂及桤木酮注射5天后小鼠的腹腔注射葡萄糖耐量试验(IPGTT)及曲线下面积(AUC),以评估小鼠对葡萄糖的耐受能力。糖耐量试验过程如下:小鼠禁食16小时后测空腹血糖,再经腹腔注射1.5g/kg体重的20%葡萄糖,分别在注射后的15、30、60和120分钟于鼠尾取血,用血糖仪(ACCU-CHEK,Roche)测定血糖水平,再计算各个时间点血糖值的曲线下面积;
d)对照溶剂及桤木酮注射5天后小鼠的胰岛素释放实验,以评估小鼠的在体胰岛β细胞功能,过程如下:小鼠禁食16小时后于尾静脉取空腹血,再经腹腔注射2g/kg体重的20%葡萄糖,在注射葡萄糖后的15分钟再次取尾静脉血,离心后收集血清,用小鼠超敏胰岛素ELISA试剂盒(Alpco)检测血清胰岛素水平;
e)对照溶剂及桤木酮注射5天后小鼠的胰岛素耐量试验(ITT)及基线下面积(AUB),以评估小鼠的胰岛素敏感性。胰岛素耐量试验过程如下:小鼠禁食6小时后测血糖,再经腹腔注射1U/kg体重的重组人胰岛素,分别在注射后的15、30、60和120分钟尾尖取血,用血糖仪(ACCU-CHEK,Roche)测定血糖水平,再计算各个时间点血糖值的基线下面积。
通过上述实验结果可以看到,长期高脂饮食喂养小鼠与正常饮食喂养小鼠相比,葡萄糖注射后的血糖水平显著增加,葡萄糖耐量明显受损(图4),证实该饮食诱导的2型糖尿病小鼠的造模成功。与对照溶剂注射小鼠相比,桤木酮注射后并不影响小鼠体重(图5A),说明小鼠对该药物耐受良好,无明显毒性作用。桤木酮注射7天后,高脂小鼠的进食后随机血糖水平与对照小鼠相比显著降低(图5B)。与此相一致,腹腔注射葡萄糖耐量试验显示,桤木酮注射小鼠在葡萄糖刺激后的30及60分钟的血糖水平显著降低(图6A),伴有曲线下面积的显著减少(图6B)。上述结果表明桤木酮可有效降低2型糖尿病小鼠的血糖水平并改善葡萄糖耐量。
鉴于胰岛在调节全身葡萄糖稳态中的核心作用,接下来检测了这一血糖的改善是否由胰岛素分泌水平升高所致。采用胰岛素释放实验检测小鼠的在体胰岛β细胞功能,结果显示:桤木酮注射小鼠在葡萄糖刺激后15分钟的血胰岛素水平比对照小鼠显著升高(图7),提示该小鼠的体内β细胞功能增强。而胰岛素耐量试验中两组小鼠无显著差异(图8),表明桤木酮的降血糖作用是由改善胰岛β细胞功能所致。
以上研究通过在体构建肥胖及2型糖尿病模型小鼠,以及体外模拟2型糖尿病的病理环境,揭示了桤木酮通过增加葡萄糖刺激的细胞内Ca2+水平来增强胰岛β细胞功能,从而改善机体糖代谢、治疗2型糖尿病的新功能,且无明显毒副作用,表明桤木酮可作为临床预防及治疗2型糖尿病等糖代谢紊乱疾病的全新有效药物。
Claims (2)
1.一种桤木酮在制备预防和治疗糖代谢紊乱疾病的药物中的应用,其特征在于,所述疾病为2型糖尿病、妊娠糖尿病、糖耐量减低。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述桤木酮为化学合成或生物提取获得;在原料药中的含量不低于50%w/w。
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CN110964027B (zh) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-12-18 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | 一种二苯基庚烷类化合物及其制备方法和应用、药物组合物及其应用 |
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