CN1153619C - 高强度和高表面积催化剂、催化剂载体或吸附剂组合物 - Google Patents
高强度和高表面积催化剂、催化剂载体或吸附剂组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1153619C CN1153619C CNB008179271A CN00817927A CN1153619C CN 1153619 C CN1153619 C CN 1153619C CN B008179271 A CNB008179271 A CN B008179271A CN 00817927 A CN00817927 A CN 00817927A CN 1153619 C CN1153619 C CN 1153619C
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- Prior art keywords
- zeolite
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- squared per
- meters squared
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 31
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title description 33
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical group [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007850 degeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- IATRAKWUXMZMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Sr+2] IATRAKWUXMZMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Inorganic materials [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CSSYLTMKCUORDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Ba+2] CSSYLTMKCUORDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RPZANUYHRMRTTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4-trimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)-5-[3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane;1-[[3,4,5-tris(2-hydroxybutoxy)-6-[4,5,6-tris(2-hydroxybutoxy)-2-(2-hydroxybutoxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]butan-2-ol Chemical compound COC1C(OC)C(OC)C(COC)OC1OC1C(OC)C(OC)C(OC)OC1COC.CCC(O)COC1C(OCC(O)CC)C(OCC(O)CC)C(COCC(O)CC)OC1OC1C(OCC(O)CC)C(OCC(O)CC)C(OCC(O)CC)OC1COCC(O)CC RPZANUYHRMRTTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001479 Hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006184 cellulose methylcellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 101150107144 hemC gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 hydroxybutyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-4,5,6-trimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane Chemical compound CO[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)[C@@H](COC)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](OC)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)O[C@@H]2COC)OC)O[C@@H]1COC LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims 1
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 8
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920003108 Methocel™ A4M Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- QYMFNZIUDRQRSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butanedioate;dimethyl hexanedioate;dimethyl pentanedioate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCC(=O)OC.COC(=O)CCCC(=O)OC.COC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OC QYMFNZIUDRQRSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VJMAITQRABEEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [6-(phenylmethoxymethyl)-1,4-dioxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound O1C(COC(=O)C)COCC1COCC1=CC=CC=C1 VJMAITQRABEEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002730 additional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JEWHCPOELGJVCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;calcium;oxido-[oxido(oxo)silyl]oxy-oxosilane;potassium;sodium;tridecahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na].[Al].[K].[Ca].[O-][Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])=O JEWHCPOELGJVCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JYIBXUUINYLWLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;calcium;potassium;silicon;sodium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Na].[Al].[Si].[K].[Ca] JYIBXUUINYLWLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000680 avirulence Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012241 calcium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001603 clinoptilolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002026 crystalline silica Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052675 erionite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012013 faujasite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001657 ferrierite group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002829 nitrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001743 phillipsite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28042—Shaped bodies; Monolithic structures
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
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- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/88—Handling or mounting catalysts
- B01D53/885—Devices in general for catalytic purification of waste gases
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- B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
- B01J20/08—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04 comprising aluminium oxide or hydroxide; comprising bauxite
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J20/183—Physical conditioning without chemical treatment, e.g. drying, granulating, coating, irradiation
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- B01J20/16—Alumino-silicates
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- B01J20/186—Chemical treatments in view of modifying the properties of the sieve, e.g. increasing the stability or the activity, also decreasing the activity
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- B01J20/28011—Other properties, e.g. density, crush strength
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Abstract
基于沸石的材料和制备该沸石的方法,包括氧化硅/氧化铝比例至少300,表面积为250平方米/克,不多于20重量份的氧化硅粘合剂的沸石。该基于沸石的材料显示的性质组合包括下列:(1)至少1500psi的断裂强度;(2)至少100平方米/克的表面积;(3)小于约±10ppm/℃的热膨胀系数;和(4)至少850℃的抗温度急变性。该基于沸石的材料可包括第三种成分,特别是具有大于100平方米/克比表面积的γ氧化铝。
Description
本发明要求Wu等,美国临时申请号60/173,592,99/29/12提交,名为“高强度和高表面积催化剂,催化剂或吸附剂组合物”的权益。
背景技术
1.发明领域
本发明涉及一种改进的沸石/氧化硅/氧化铝材料和制备该材料的方法。特别是它涉及强度高和表面积高的沸石/氧化硅/氧化铝复合材料。
2.背景和相关领域的讨论
1970年的清洁空气法案要求在汽车上安装催化转化器,来纯化废气流。催化转化器能同时除去废气流中未燃烧的汽油、一氧化碳和氮氧化物等。常规的催化转化器由多通道陶瓷蜂窝构成,包括在陶瓷材料上涂敷的高表面积材料和实际的催化材料(例如三功能催化剂(TWC))。整体的陶瓷蜂窝体提供了催化剂的强力基材,除了符合机械和耐热要求外。然而,作为惰性结构,催化剂基材不参与除去未燃烧烃类、一氧化碳和氮氧化物的化学反应。
美国专利号Re.34,804公开了挤出沸石蜂窝体的形成,该蜂窝体含有永久性的聚硅氧烷树脂成分。制造沸石体的一种改进的方法公开于美国专利号5,492,883(Wu),其中沸石材料与聚硅氧烷树脂水相乳液以及一种临时粘合剂,例如甲基纤维素混合,将该混合物挤压形成蜂窝生坯体,然后干燥并烧结。另一种制备沸石体的方法公开于美国专利号5,633,217(Lynn),其中公开了用二价酸酯作为聚硅氧烷树脂的溶剂,并使用甲基纤维素临时粘合剂。最后,美国专利号5,565,394(Lachman等)公开了改进的沸石体,它包含热膨胀控制成分,例如硅酸钙,永久性粘合剂,例如氧化硅或氧化铝和一种临时粘合剂,例如甲基纤维素。虽然在Wu、Lynn和Lachman的参考文献中公开的沸石不是惰性的,能用作催化剂材料,但是都需要施加一种贵金属涂层,来起到将烃类、氮氧化物和一氧化碳转换成它们无毒性产物气体的三功能催化剂作用。
对于用作较高温度下(大于300℃)使用的整体蜂窝体的沸石基材料来说,该沸石材料应显示下列性质的组合,这些性质是常规沸石体不具有的,包括:高强度、高表面积、高热稳定性(即高冲击阻抗)和低热膨胀系数。因此,明显需要提供一种显示上述必需性质的沸石材料,而这正是本发明的目的。
发明简述
本发明的目的是解决现有技术的上述问题,提供显示高热稳定性和低热膨胀的高强度高表面积沸石材料。
具体是,本发明针对用作催化剂基材、吸附剂或催化剂载体的沸石基材料,该材料含有具有大于至少300的氧化硅/氧化铝比例、250平方米/克的表面积的沸石,和不多于20重量份氧化硅粘合剂。该沸石基材料显示的性质包括下列性质:(1)至少1500psi的断裂强度;(2)至少100平方米/克的表面积;(3)小于约±10ppm/℃的热膨胀系数;(4)至少850℃的抗温度急变性。
在一个独立的实施例中,该沸石基材料可包括第三种成分,特别是比表面积大于100平方米/克的γ氧化铝。
本发明还涉及一种生产具有上述高强度和高表面积性质的挤出整体蜂窝体的方法,包括均匀混合下列成分(1)具有至少300-1的氧化硅/氧化铝比例、至少250平方米/克的表面积的沸石;(2)不多于用具有2/1-4/1的比例的树脂/溶剂衍生出的20重量份氧化硅粘合剂;(3)一种临时粘合剂;(4)水。在混合原料后,该方法还对混合物进行挤压,形成蜂窝结构体生坯,然后对其干燥充分的时间,形成无裂纹的干结构体。一旦挤压体干燥好后,该方法接着是在氮气气氛中将干燥的蜂窝结构体加热到至少500℃的第一温度,冷却到环境温度,然后在空气中加热到至少850℃的第二温度,形成烧结的结构体。
发明详述
本发明的产品是一种用作吸附剂或催化剂的载体的沸石体,特别是沸石基材料,该沸石显示至少大于300的氧化硅/氧化铝比例和至少250平方米/克的表面积。用重量表示,本发明沸石基制品的特征,是含有约30-90重量份的沸石和不多于20重量份的氧化硅粘合剂。
通常沸石是几个微米数量级的大颗粒,显示规则排列的与表面连通的微孔,这两点结合起来提供了沸石的高表面积特征;在烧结后该特征仍然保留。一般这种催化剂载体和吸附剂的用途要求至少20平方米/克,优选大于100平方米/克,最优选大于150-200平方米/克的总表面积。本发明沸石基制品能挤压成高通道密度、薄通道壁的整体蜂窝,例如显示至少400通道/平方米,表面积至少200平方米/克的蜂窝结构体,其表面积超过250平方米/克是不难获得的。
如上所述,沸石组分优选是高氧化硅含量的沸石,其SiO2/Al2O3的摩尔比至少是300。具有所要求的高氧化硅/氧化铝比的沸石的存在,对沸石基材料同时提供了在废气环境中通常要经历的高温下的热稳定性,以及吸附和解吸烃类所要求的能力。换言之,沸石的高氧化硅含量对复合材料提供了在高温下维持其结构的能力。在另一方面,沸石中低氧化铝含量的存在能确保沸石不会发生通常与高氧化铝含量的沸石有关的潮气问题;高氧化铝沸石通常在高温时潮气存在条件下,会除铝酸根。另外,氧化铝含量低时在高温下沸石的结晶氧化硅相可以保持,能产生负的CTE(热膨胀系数)特征,结果能起到补偿作用,减少复合材料的总体热膨胀。总的说,本发明的材料提供了一种沸石吸附剂材料,它使得汽车废气系统设计者能在废气系统设计中具有一定的灵活性;得到的吸附剂材料具有提高的热稳定性。
合适的沸石包括具有所需非常高氧化硅/氧化铝比例的任何基于氧化硅的沸石。对本发明实施有用的含高氧化硅/氧化铝比例的沸石可在下列沸石中发现:丝光沸石、超稳定化的Y(USY)、ZSM-5、ZSM-8、ZSM-11、ZSM-12、Hyper Y、β-沸石、H-镁碱沸石、H-钾沸石、八面沸石、X沸石、L型沸石、针沸石、EMC-2和这些的组合,优选硅质岩,和任何天然沸石,包括毛沸石、斜发沸石、菱沸石(chanazite)和钙十字沸石。一种具有所需的高氧化硅性质的商业可得的沸石是PQ公司购得的CBV 3002。
除了高表面积外,使得该沸石体适合用作吸附剂材料的其它特征包括它较低的热膨胀:小于10ppm/℃,优选5ppm/℃,和高热稳定性:达到至少1000℃。另外,催化剂载体用途和滤器/吸附剂用途优选要求超过1500psi的断裂强度(MOR)。本发明的沸石体显示超过该值的断裂和破碎强度,数量级超过约1500psi,可获得MOR超过3500psi。
本发明的第二个实施例,沸石体含有第三种成分,一种表面积大于100平方米/克的γ氧化铝。具有高表面积的γ氧化铝成分还导致符合许多催化剂载体用途的表面积要求的整个沸石基制品。本发明的沸石/氧化硅/氧化铝体特征性的含有约30-90%重量的沸石和10-20%重量的氧化硅粘合剂,以及0-50%重量的氧化铝。
虽然由于已知氧化硅与PGM不相容,氧化硅的存在使得PGM催化剂无法加入到挤出的沸石基材中,但在该实施例中氧化铝的存在对沸石基复合材料结构体提供了非PGM催化剂支持材料的功能。具体是γ氧化铝提供了将过渡金属氧化物催化剂与结构结合的必需位点,使得该复合材料当用于一些一般与高温有关的严酷环境中(例如化学加工用途中所见的)具有比仅含沸石的结构体较高的催化活性和较长的使用期限。另外,通常有过渡金属氧化物在其位点中的氧化铝是足够多孔的,并显示足够高表面积的多孔结构,从而能抑制存在的金属氧化物烧结,使得过渡金属氧化物能与反应物气流接触。
适用于形成该复合材料的γ氧化铝包括在烧结后提供所需的γ氧化铝相,并显示足够高的表面积,适合起到催化剂载体材料作用的那些。合适的具有所需的高表面积特征的市售γ氧化铝是LaRoche Industries提供的GL-25。
在另一个实施例中,沸石体应包含稳定化的高表面积氧化铝。该稳定化的氧化铝必须包含一定量的稳定剂,选自氧化镧(La2O3)或起相同作用的物质,包括氧化钡、氧化锶和氧化钇。已知这些稳定剂能稳定氧化铝的比表面积,而纯形式的氧化铝在高温下通常是不稳定的。特别是,稳定剂能抑制高温下氧化铝的相转变,从而增加了氧化铝的高温稳定性。稳定剂通常作为预掺杂物在复合材料配制前包含在氧化铝中,更优选是在烧结后通过浸渍工艺加入复合材料中。
氧化铝的一种优选稳定剂是氧化镧(La2O3),它通过浸渍掺入复合材料的γ氧化铝成分中。用氧化镧浸渍应使得复合材料含有相对于氧化铝成分量的0.5-20重量份的氧化镧。如果加入低于该范围量的氧化镧,则观察不到由于加入氧化镧而活性增加的有益效果。
对于催化剂用途,沸石/氧化镧复合材料的孔隙度(按总孔隙度测量)应该充分,使得能通过壁能与过渡金属氧化物接触。对于吸附剂用途,用平均孔径测量的孔隙度必须充分,使得载体能够有效起到吸附剂作用。对于总孔隙度和平均孔径的选择范围必须改变,以适应要用的催化剂或吸附剂用途。孔隙度依赖于原料和烧结温度,温度越高得到的结构体越密。对于催化剂和/或催化剂载体用途,本发明的沸石结构可显示大约至少30%的总孔隙度,并且平均孔径在亚微米的范围。
本发明的高氧化硅/氧化铝沸石载体还可用作催化剂基材,特别是作为堇青石的代替物。另外,本发明的沸石可在一些用途中用作催化剂基材,在这些用途中它起到在冷-启动阶段(例如袋I和II的排放物)吸附烃类的额外作用。
在第一种催化剂基材实施例中,用常规三功能催化剂涂敷在沸石蜂窝基材上,催化剂系统与常规堇青石支持的三功能催化系统起相同作用。在高氧化硅/氧化铝沸石基材上支撑的合适催化物质包括铂、钯、铑和铱。沸石基材是在汽车废气条件下显示高热稳定性的沸石材料。合适的沸石包括选自下列材料的那些:丝光沸石、超稳定化的Y(USY)、ZSM-5、ZSM-8、ZSM-11、ZSM-12,所有都显示300以上的氧化硅/氧化铝比例。
在第二个实施例中,用氧化催化剂涂敷在沸石基材上;合适的氧化催化剂包括铂、钯、铑或铱。涂敷在沸石上的该催化剂起到在冷-起动阶段中减少烃类排放的烃类陷阱作用。对该基材选择的沸石材料包括下列:β-沸石、USY和ZSM-5和丝光沸石,都显示所需的300或以上的氧化硅/氧化铝比例。这些大孔沸石显示吸附烃类的高容量,同时能经受汽车废气系统中严酷环境所需的热稳定性。涂敷的氧化催化剂材料达到充分的数量后,它就能起到通过用存在于汽车废气系统中的氧气对有害的烃类分子进行氧化,使其变成对环境有益的分子,例如水和二氧化碳的作用。
本领域技术人员能理解的产生多孔烧结基材的一般方法,是通过混合批料,搅拌混合物,形成生坯,然后将生坯烧结形成硬的多孔结构体。在制造该制品的方法中,在混合步骤中在批料中加入各种润滑剂,例如硬脂酸锌和硬脂酸钠和有机粘合剂,从而在烧结前提供粘度控制和强度,并对烧结后的结构体提供多孔性。
产生本文描述的本发明的复合材料,即一种具有高表面积的挤压整体蜂窝体的特别优选的方法包括:将能形成上述复合物的一些原料混合成为基本均匀的混合物。特别是,能形成复合材料的原料包括一种沸石原料,其具有至少300-1的氧化硅/氧化铝比例和至少250平方米/克的表面积,其具有在2/1-4/1之间的树脂/溶剂比的氧化硅粘合剂,以及可任选的一种γ氧化铝,其具有大于100平方米/克的比表面积。作为制造陶瓷结构体的标准做法,批料混合物应包含临时有机粘合剂和水。优选的形成生坯的方法包括将批料挤压形成蜂窝结构体生坯。一旦形成蜂窝体生坯后,加热一段时间进行干燥,形成无裂纹的干燥结构体。
使用许多不同的方法实现干燥步骤。一个实施方案是将生坯置于温度在50-100℃范围内的烘箱中,优选在90-100℃范围内,放置达4天。在另一个稍有改变的实施例中,干燥步骤是将生坯置于控制相对湿度(例如90%相对湿度)的烘箱中,在上面对于标准烘干实施例中所述的类似的温度下放置类似的一段时间。在第三个实施例中,干燥步骤是将生坯置于介电烘箱中一段,足够使其形成无裂纹自支撑结构体的时间,优选时间不长于60分钟,更优选5-30分钟。
烧结经干燥的蜂窝结构体,是加热即烧结蜂窝体一段时间,足以形成具有高表面积的烧结结构体。特别是烧结包括在氮气中以10-25℃/小时加热蜂窝,达到至少500℃的第一温度,优选然后保温达10小时,更优选4小时。在该氮气预处理烧结后,冷却蜂窝体至环境温度。达到环境温度后,在空气中加热蜂窝体至第二温度,至少850℃,优选1100℃。该达到至少850℃的第二空气加热步骤可采取两个不同的加热步骤:(1)第一加热步骤,以10-25℃/小时的速率达500℃,保温一段时间,(2)第二加热步骤从500℃到至少850℃,速率约50℃/小时,再次保温一段时间。对于这两个空气加热步骤,保温优选达到10小时,更优选4小时。
认为预处理氮气加热步骤可以使烧结结构体比不经过该预处理步骤的烧结坯体提高的MOR。虽然不受理论所限,据信氮气预处理使得有机粘合剂逐渐缓慢燃尽,不破坏沸石生坯的显微结构,因此使得沸石体在随后更高的烧结温度下更容易密致化。
有机粘合剂的目的是提供成形过程中的可塑性和干燥后的一定生坯强度。本发明中的有机粘合剂是指纤维素醚型粘合剂和/或它们的衍生物,其中有些是可加热胶凝的。本发明的一些典型有机粘合剂是甲基纤维素、羟丁基纤维素、羟丁基甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟乙基甲基纤维素、羧酸钠纤维素及其混合物。甲基纤维素和/或甲基纤维素衍生物通常用于实施本发明。甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素及其组合是尤其优选的。纤维素醚和/或其衍生物的优选来源是来自Dow Chemical Co.的Methocel A4M、F4M和F240M。Methocel A4M是一种具有凝胶温度在50-55℃,凝胶强度在5000克/平方厘米的甲基纤维素粘合剂(65℃,2%溶液)。Mehtocel F4M和F240M是羟丙基甲基纤维素。
实施例
为了进一步说明本发明的原理,描述了一些本发明制成的沸石和沸石/氧化铝蜂窝体的例子,以及一种比较性蜂窝体。然而,应理解给出这些实施例仅是为了说明,本发明不受其限制,但可在本发明中进行各种修改和改变,而不违背本发明的精神。
实施例1和2
两个实施例都涉及在Littleford搅拌器中混合表I提供的批料混合物。沸石原料含有SiO2/Al2O3比为300的ZSM-5(CBV-3002,来自PQ Corporation)和含有一定量的聚硅氧烷树脂(6-2230树脂,来自Dow Corning)的氧化硅粘合剂,该树脂溶于二元酯成为浓溶液,其树脂/溶剂比报道在表中;在各实施例中,树脂的量产生烧结组合物中报道的氧化硅永久粘合剂量。将混合好的批料转移到一调和机中,在批料中加入一定量如表I报道的水,均匀塑化该批料;列出的水作为基于烧结组合物的额外添加物重量百分数。
挤压通过柱塞式挤压机形成壁厚约8密耳,具有400通道/平方英寸的蜂窝体和直径为0.3125英寸的适合测试MOR的棒。两个实施例挤出的蜂窝体和棒的生坯都以下列方式干燥:在湿度烘箱(95-100%相对湿度)中由室温至95℃4天。干燥后挤出的蜂窝体和杆都预先在N2气氛中以15-25℃/小时的速度预加热至500℃进行预烧结,保温4小时。将蜂窝体冷却到室温,然后在空气中以15-25℃/小时的速率加热到500℃,再次保温4小时。在此后,烧结是以25-50℃/小时之间的速度加热到最终温度1100℃,最后保温4小时。表I报道了烧结体的组成。
用得到的棒测定MOR、CTE和E-模量等机械性质。根据下列等式计算抗温度急变性:TSR=MOR/(E-模量×CTE)。测量蜂窝体的孔隙度和平均孔径数据,用常规压汞测量孔隙法测出数据。下文表I详细列出了棒和蜂窝体的所有这些物理性质。
实施例3-7
各个实施例是在Littleford搅拌器中充分混合表I提供的批料混合物。沸石原料包括SiO2/Al2O3比为300的ZSM-5(CBV-3002,来自PQ Corporation)、γ氧化铝(LaRoche Industries提供的GL-25,表面积为260平方米/克)和甲基纤维素临时粘合剂(Methocel A4M,来自Dow Chemical Co.)。一个变化包括在实施例7中利用La稳定的γ氧化铝;是用4%La2O3掺杂,具有110平方米/克的表面积。批料还含有一定量的聚硅氧烷树脂(6-2230树脂,来自Dow Corning)溶于二元酯的浓溶液中的氧化硅粘合剂,树脂/溶剂比报道在表中;在各实施例中,树脂量产生烧结组合物中报道的氧化硅永久粘合剂量。如表中报道的,用一定量的油酸和/或乙酸处理后,将混合好的批料转移到调和机中,在批料中加入一定量如表I报道的水,均匀塑化批料;注意表I中列出的水、油酸和乙酸的重量百分数是基于最终烧结组合物的添加物重量百分数。
挤压通过柱塞式挤压机,形成壁厚约8密耳,具有400通道/平方英寸的蜂窝体和直径为0.3125英寸的适合测试MOR的棒。实施例3-5和7挤出的蜂窝体和棒的生坯都以与实施例1和2相似的方式干燥。实施例6在介电烘箱中干燥20分钟。干燥后,挤压出的蜂窝体和棒的生坯以实施例1和2中所用的类似方法烧结,但在空气中第二次升温至500℃后不保温。
表I显示了挤压的沸石/氧化硅/氧化铝蜂窝体体的最终烧结组成、物理和机械性质。
表1
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7* | |
批料混合物(克) | |||||||
沸石 | 810 | 765 | 630 | 450 | 270 | 450 | 450 |
γ氧化铝 | -- | -- | 90 | 270 | 450 | 270 | 360 |
聚硅氧烷树脂 | 343.8 | 441.9 | 523.2 | 523.2 | 523.2 | 523.2 | 294.3 |
临时粘合剂 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 54 |
水(%) | 30.0 | 31.1 | 24.5 | 32.2 | 32.2 | 32.2 | 58.9 |
油酸(%) | -- | -- | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 2 |
乙酸(%) | -- | -- | -- | -- | 2 | -- | -- |
树脂/溶剂比 | 4∶3 | 2∶1 | 3∶1 | 3∶1 | 3∶1 | 3∶1 | 2∶1 |
烧结组成 | |||||||
沸石百分数 | 90 | 85 | 70 | 50 | 30 | 50 | 50 |
γ氧化铝百分数 | -- | -- | 10 | 30 | 50 | 30 | 40 |
氧化硅百分数 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 10 |
性质 | |||||||
表面积(平方米/克) | 380 | 235 | 255 | 235 | 170 | 205 | 225 |
孔隙度(%) | 33.0 | 35.4 | 31.7 | 31.9 | 35 | 32.4 | 43.6 |
平均孔径(μ) | 0.37 | 0.47 | 0.39 | 0.31 | 0.20 | 0.32 | 0.21 |
断裂强度(psi) | 1520 | 3410 | 3758 | 2960 | 2270 | 3036 | 483 |
破碎强度(psi) | 2670 | 3300 | 4609 | 2531 | 2270 | 3036 | 483 |
弹性模量(×10-6psi) | 1.90 | 1.75 | |||||
平均热膨胀系数(ppm/℃) | -1.38 | 1.12 | |||||
计算抗温度急变性 | 1301 | 1510 |
*比较实施例
对表I的检查揭示,本发明样品1和2沸石/氧化硅粘合剂烧结体都显示所需的性质组合。特别是本发明样品1和2显示下列性质的组合:(1)不小于235平方米/克的表面积;(2)至少1520psi的MOR;(3)小于2ppm/℃的负CTS;和(4)大于1300℃的计算的抗温度急变性。
对表I的检查揭示含有重量份为10-50份的γ氧化铝的本发明样品3-6显示所需的性质组合。特别是发明样品3-6显示下列性质组合:(1)不小于170平方米/克的表面积;(2)至少2270psi的MOR;(3)小于2ppm/℃的负CTS;和(4)大于1510℃的计算的抗温度急变性。
参考实施例7,它是含有10重量份氧化硅的沸石/氧化硅烧结体,表I揭示该实施例样品具有不合要求的483psi的MOR。该低强度似乎是由于氧化硅粘合剂存在的量少,特别是其量不够覆盖90重量份的混合沸石和γ氧化铝的大表面积的缘故。
应理解,虽然结合一些说明性和特定的实施例描述了本发明,但不应被视为受到这些的限制,因为可以在不违背本发明所附权利要求限定的广阔精神和范围的情况下作出许多改变。
Claims (21)
1.一种沸石体,其特征在于,该沸石体含有具有至少300的氧化硅/氧化铝比值且大于约250平方米/克表面积的30-90%重量的沸石和10-20%重量的氧化硅粘合剂,所述沸石体具有至少约1500psi的断裂强度、至少100平方米/克的表面积、小于约±10ppm/℃的热膨胀系数和至少约850℃的抗温度急变性。
2.如权利要求1所述的沸石体,其特征在于,所述复合材料还含有达50%重量以内的γ氧化铝,所述γ氧化铝具有大于100平方米/克的比表面积。
3.如权利要求1所述的沸石体,其特征在于,所述复合材料具有至少170平方米/克的表面积。
4.如权利要求2所述的沸石体,其特征在于,所述复合材料具有小于约5ppm/℃的热膨胀系数。
5.如权利要求1所述的沸石体,其特征在于,该沸石体具有小于5ppm/℃的负热膨胀系数。
6.如权利要求1所述的沸石体,其特征在于,该沸石体具有在达到至少1000℃温度的热稳定性。
7.如权利要求1所述的沸石体,其特征在于,该沸石体具有至少2000psi的断裂强度。
8.如权利要求1所述的沸石体,其特征在于,该沸石体是一种具有至少400通道/平方英寸的挤出蜂窝结构体。
9.如权利要求1所述的沸石体,其特征在于,氧化铝含有选自氧化镧、氧化钡、氧化锶和氧化钇的稳定剂。
10.一种沸石复合材料,其特征在于,该复合材料含有30-90%重量的沸石,该沸石具有至少300的氧化硅/氧化铝比例,大于约250平方米/克的表面积,还含有10-20%重量的氧化硅粘合剂和0-50%重量的γ氧化铝,所述γ氧化铝具有大于100平方米/克的比表面积,该沸石复合材料具有至少约1500psi的断裂强度、至少100平方米/克的表面积、小于约±10ppm/℃的热膨胀系数和至少约850℃的抗温度急变性。
11.如权利要求10所述的沸石复合材料,其特征在于,该复合材料具有至少200平方米/克的表面积。
12.如权利要求10所述的沸石复合材料,其特征在于,该复合材料具有小于约5ppm/℃的热膨胀系数。
13.如权利要求10所述的沸石复合材料,其特征在于,该复合材料具有在温度达到至少1000℃时的热稳定性。
14.如权利要求10所述的沸石复合材料,其特征在于,该沸石复合材料具有至少2000psi的断裂强度。
15.如权利要求10所述的沸石复合材料,其特征在于,其中的氧化铝含有选自氧化镧、氧化钡、氧化锶和氧化钇的稳定剂。
16.一种产生权利要求11所述的沸石复合材料的方法,其特征在于,该方法包括:
(a)将下列各原料混合成为批料
(i)具有至少300∶1的氧化硅/氧化铝比例,至少约250平方米/克表面积的氧化硅和树脂/溶剂比在2-4∶1之间的氧化硅粘合剂;
(ii)比表面积大于100平方米/克的γ氧化铝成分;
(iii)选自甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羟丁基纤维素、羟丁基甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟乙基甲基纤维素及其混合物的临时粘合剂;和
(iv)水;
(b)挤压该批料形成蜂窝结构体生坯;
(c)干燥该生坯一段足够的时间,形成无裂纹的干燥结构体;
(d)在氮气中加热即烧结干燥的蜂窝结构体至500℃的第一温度,然后冷却到环境温度,然后在空气中加热该结构体达到至少850℃的第二温度,以形成具有高表面积的烧结结构。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,加热至第一温度的加热速率是在10-25℃/小时之间。
18.如权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,空气加热步骤包括首先将结构体以10-25℃/小时的速率加热到中间温度500℃,然后以25-50℃/小时的速率加热到第二温度。
19.如权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,加热至第一、中间和第三温度后都保温不变一段时间。
20.如权利要求19所述的方法,其特征在于,所述各温度都保持1-10个小时的一段时间。
21.如权利要求19所述的方法,其特征在于,所述各温度都保持约4小时的一段时间。
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-
2000
- 2000-12-07 JP JP2001549767A patent/JP4771639B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-12-07 CN CNB008179271A patent/CN1153619C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-07 EP EP00982494A patent/EP1242182B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-07 DE DE60023743T patent/DE60023743T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-07 KR KR1020027008512A patent/KR20020080357A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-12-07 WO PCT/US2000/033157 patent/WO2001049409A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-12-12 US US09/735,225 patent/US6548439B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20020140138A1 (en) | 2002-10-03 |
KR20020080357A (ko) | 2002-10-23 |
CN1414881A (zh) | 2003-04-30 |
JP2003524521A (ja) | 2003-08-19 |
JP4771639B2 (ja) | 2011-09-14 |
EP1242182A4 (en) | 2003-04-23 |
EP1242182A1 (en) | 2002-09-25 |
US6548439B2 (en) | 2003-04-15 |
EP1242182B1 (en) | 2005-11-02 |
WO2001049409A1 (en) | 2001-07-12 |
DE60023743D1 (de) | 2005-12-08 |
DE60023743T2 (de) | 2006-07-27 |
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