CN115360459B - 一种电池外壳、电池及电池包 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种电池外壳、电池及电池包,既可以在低温时实现保温性能,也可在高温时对电池散热。本发明包括壳体,壳体的外侧面及内侧面均设置有涂层,其中,涂层包括以下物质:气凝胶、碳纳米管或石墨烯、多孔材料以及纤维组织。本实施例中,在电池处于高温环境下,碳纳米管或石墨烯受热进行膨胀,整个涂层被碳纳米管或石墨烯占据,涂层的导热系数增大,实现电池内部的热量快速传递到外界;在电池处于低温环境下,碳纳米管或石墨烯在低温下可以被多孔材料吸附,整个涂层被气凝胶占据,电池外壳在低温环境下的保温性能得以提升。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电池设计技术领域,尤其涉及一种电池外壳、电池及电池包。
背景技术
随着现代工业的发展,电动汽车越来越受到人们的重视。电池作为电动汽车的关键部件之一,对电池的要求也因电动汽车性能的发展而日益提出新的挑战。
由于冬季的温度较低,电池内活性物质性能较差,影响电池包的动力性能和续驶里程,严重影响乘员的驾驶体验,故提高电池包在低温环境下的性能至关重要;在夏季环境下,电池的散热性能也需要提升,从而使电池处于友好的环境温度下。目前各车企均在对电池包级别进行保温处理,如在箱体表面粘贴保温棉、模组端侧板安装隔热材料减少与电池外壳传热等,这种保温方案中均不能直接对电池保温,而是对电池包内其它零部件进行保温,从而对电池起到间接保温的目的,其实质对电池的保温效果也较弱。同时在电池单体级别,无较好的导热方案。
因此,寻找一种能够克服上述技术问题的技术方案成为本领域技术人员的重要研究课题。
发明内容
本发明实施例公开了一种电池外壳、电池及电池包,既可以在低温时实现保温性能,也可在高温时对电池散热。
本发明实施例提供了一种电池外壳,包括壳体,所述壳体的外侧面及内侧面均设置有涂层,其中,所述涂层包括以下物质:气凝胶、碳纳米管或石墨烯、多孔材料以及纤维组织。
可选地,按照重量百分比计,所述涂层包括气凝胶10%~25%、碳纳米管或石墨烯10%~30%、多孔材料20%~30%以及纤维组织20%~30%。
可选地,所述气凝胶包括氧化石墨、二氧化硅气凝胶、氧化铝气凝胶中的一种或多种。
可选地,所述多孔材料包括金属铝泡沫多孔材料、陶瓷、炭泡沫多孔材料中的一种或多种。
可选地,所述纤维组织包括玻璃纤维、棉麻纤维、涤纶纤维中的一种或多种。
可选地,所述涂层的厚度范围为0.05mm~0.4mm。
可选地,所述壳体为铝制壳体或钢制壳体。
可选地,所述壳体的壁厚为0.2mm~2mm。
本发明实施例提供了一种电池,包括上述电池外壳。
本发明实施例提供了一种电池包,包括箱体以及上述的电池,所述电池设置于所述箱体内。
从以上技术方案可以看出,本发明实施例具有以下优点:
本实施例中,在电池处于高温环境下,碳纳米管或石墨烯受热进行膨胀,整个涂层被碳纳米管或石墨烯占据,由于石墨烯和碳纳米管具有非常好的热传导性能,此时涂层的导热系数增大,实现电池内部的热量快速传递到外界,电池温度可以得到有效的控制;在电池处于低温环境下,碳纳米管或石墨烯在低温下收缩,碳纳米管或石墨烯可以被多孔材料吸附,整个涂层被气凝胶占据,由于气凝胶具有非常好的保温隔热性能,此时涂层的导热系数下降,电池外壳的保温性能提升,降低了电池在低温环境下的热量损失,另外由于直接在电池的壳体的内侧面及外侧面上进行保温处理,保温路径短,故相对于传统保温方案保温效率高、保温成本低。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
图1为本发明实施例中提供的一种电池的结构爆炸示意图;
图示说明:壳体1;涂层2;裸电芯3;顶盖4。
具体实施方式
本发明实施例公开了一种电池外壳、电池及电池包,既可以在低温时实现保温性能,也可在高温时对电池散热。
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案,下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明。显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例一
请参阅图1,本发明实施例中提供的一种电池外壳,包括壳体1,所述壳体1的外侧面及内侧面均设置有涂层2,其中,所述涂层2包括以下物质:气凝胶、碳纳米管或石墨烯、多孔材料以及纤维组织。
需要说明的是,上述的涂层2可通过喷涂或黏贴等方式设置在壳体1的内侧面和外侧面。
本实施例中,在电池处于高温环境下,碳纳米管或石墨烯受热进行膨胀,整个涂层2被碳纳米管或石墨烯占据,由于石墨烯和碳纳米管具有非常好的热传导性能,涂层2的导热系数增大,实现电池内部的热量快速传递到外界,电池温度可以得到有效的控制;在电池处于低温环境下,碳纳米管或石墨烯在低温下收缩,碳纳米管或石墨烯可以被多孔材料吸附,整个涂层2被气凝胶占据,由于气凝胶具有非常好的保温隔热性能,涂层2的导热系数下降,电池外壳的保温性能提升,降低了电池在低温环境下的热量损失,另外由于直接在电池的壳体1的内侧面及外侧面上进行保温处理,保温路径短,故相对于传统保温方案保温效率高、保温成本低。
另外,本实施例中的涂层2直接与电池壳体1集成化设计,不需要在额外安装相关导热及保温装置,简化工艺生产步骤,节省安装工时,且由于直接在电池外壳进行保温,由本实施例的电池外壳所制作的电池组装成电池模组后,电池模组端侧板对上述电池外壳中的涂层2具有一定的保护作用,使其不易磨损。
进一步地,按照重量百分比计,所述涂层2包括气凝胶10%~25%、碳纳米管或石墨烯10%~30%、多孔材料20%~30%以及纤维组织20%~30%。
需要说明的是,设计人员可根据实际情况选择上述各物质的用量,其中优选的具体实施方式中,上述各物质的最优的占比为:气凝胶:碳纳米管或石墨烯:多孔材料:纤维组织=2:2:3:3。
进一步地,本实施例中的气凝胶包括氧化石墨、二氧化硅气凝胶、氧化铝气凝胶中的一种或多种。
需要说明的是,气凝胶为现有技术中已知的隔热材料,在电池处于低温环境下,碳纳米管或石墨烯在低温下收缩,碳纳米管或石墨烯可以被多孔材料吸附,整个涂层2被气凝胶占据,涂层2的导热系数下降,从而使电池外壳的保温性能提升,降低了电池在低温环境下的热量损失,进而使得电池在低温环境下依然能够正常工作。另外,设计人员可根据实际需要选用合适类型的气凝胶,本实施例对气凝胶的具体类型并不作限制。
进一步地,本实施例中的多孔材料包括金属铝泡沫多孔材料、陶瓷、炭泡沫多孔材料中的一种或多种。
需要说明的是,在低温环境下,碳纳米管或石墨烯的粒径需要小于多孔材料的孔径,从而使得碳纳米管或石墨烯在低温下可以被多孔材料吸附。另外,设计人员可根据实际需要选用合适类型的多孔材料,本实施例对多孔材料的具体类型并不作限制。
进一步地,本实施例中的纤维组织包括玻璃纤维、棉麻纤维、涤纶纤维中的一种或多种。
需要说明的是,本实施例中的纤维组织为上述涂层2中的基材,其作用主要防止涂层2的其余材料在涂覆后出现开裂、脱落等现象。另外,设计人员可根据实际需要选用合适类型的纤维组织,本实施例对纤维组织的具体类型并不作限制。
进一步地,本实施例中的涂层2的厚度范围为0.05mm~0.4mm。
需要说明的是,本实施例中的涂层2厚度一般设置为0.05mm~0.4mm,其中最优厚度为0.2mm,低温收缩条件下可以避免电池内部的裸电芯与壳体1直接接触,从而进一步地减少电池内部裸电芯与壳体1之间的换热。
进一步地,本实施例中壳体1为铝制壳体1或钢制壳体1,另外,所述壳体1的壁厚为0.2mm~2mm。
需要说明的是,考虑到成本、换热效果、重量等因素,最优的壳体1的壁厚为0.3mm。
进一步地,本实施例中的低温指的是-30℃到0℃之间,高温指的是35℃到60℃之间。
实施例二
请参阅图1,本发明实施例中提供的一种电池,该电池具体包括实施例一中的电池外壳。
需要说明的是,通过上述设计,可使得该电池在处于低温环境下具有良好的保温性能,在高温环境下具有良好的散热性能。
实施例三
请参阅图1,本发明实施例中提供的一种电池包,包括箱体以及实施例二中的电池,具体地,所述电池设置于箱体内。
需要说明的是,在该电池包中,箱体内一般具有多个电池,并且位于箱体内的多个电池组合成电池模组,由于电池的壳体1的内侧面及外侧面设置有涂层2,并且上述的涂层2具有一定软性,可以减少电池与电池之间保温缓冲材料的使用,降低模组的生产成本,由于电池包组装完成后受电池模组外部端侧板的保护,处于壳体1外侧面的涂层2不会受到外部磨损,具有一定的优势。进一步地,由于直接在电池外壳上进行涂层2处理,低温环境下可以减少电池包中各个电池之间的热量传递,进一步地提升保温的效果,高温环境下可以增加电池包内中各个电池之间的热量传递,从而提升电池包内各个电池的温度均一性。
以上对本发明所提供的一种电池外壳、电池及电池包进行了详细介绍,对于本领域的一般技术人员,依据本发明实施例的思想,在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处,综上所述,本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。
Claims (9)
1.一种电池外壳,其特征在于,包括壳体,所述壳体的外侧面及内侧面均设置有涂层,其中,按照重量百分比计,所述涂层包括气凝胶10%~25%、碳纳米管或石墨烯10%~30%、多孔材料20%~30%以及纤维组织20%~30%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电池外壳,其特征在于,所述气凝胶包括氧化石墨、二氧化硅气凝胶、氧化铝气凝胶中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电池外壳,其特征在于,所述多孔材料包括金属铝泡沫多孔材料、陶瓷、炭泡沫多孔材料中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电池外壳,其特征在于,所述纤维组织包括玻璃纤维、棉麻纤维、涤纶纤维中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的电池外壳,其特征在于,所述涂层的厚度范围为0.05mm~0.4mm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的电池外壳,其特征在于,所述壳体为铝制壳体或钢制壳体。
7.根据权利要求1所述的电池外壳,其特征在于,所述壳体的壁厚为0.2mm~2mm。
8.一种电池,其特征在于,包括如权利要求1至7任一项所述的电池外壳。
9.一种电池包,其特征在于,包括箱体以及如权利要求8所述的电池,所述电池设置于所述箱体内。
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