CN115354009A - 一种具有菌毛的长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种及其应用 - Google Patents
一种具有菌毛的长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115354009A CN115354009A CN202211286087.4A CN202211286087A CN115354009A CN 115354009 A CN115354009 A CN 115354009A CN 202211286087 A CN202211286087 A CN 202211286087A CN 115354009 A CN115354009 A CN 115354009A
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- bifidobacterium longum
- infantis
- pili
- longum subspecies
- galacto
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- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供了一种具有菌毛的长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种BI_Y46。所述菌株具有特殊的菌毛结构,利用2'‑岩藻糖基乳糖、低聚半乳糖与短链低聚半乳糖能力强,且益生特性优良,胞外多糖含量与表面蛋白含量较高,具有较强的自聚集能力和胆盐耐受能力,且优于长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种M63(BI_M63)和长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种ATCC 15697(BI_15697)。此外,对胃酸的耐受能力和无细胞上清液对大肠杆菌ATCC 15922抑制能力均强于BI_15697。因此,长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种BI_Y46具有优异的益生潜力,可以用来开发益生菌、婴儿食品、合生元产品、功能性食品。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于微生物技术领域,具体涉及一种具有菌毛的长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种及其应用。
背景技术
大部分双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium)是从婴儿粪便中分离得到的,它是一种对人体肠道极其重要的肠道微生物,与肠道健康密切相关。双歧杆菌不仅可以促进机体生长发育、抑制肿瘤和衰老,还可以调节肠道动态平衡,促进肠道屏障的完整性,减轻结肠炎症状,增强机体免疫力。同时,双歧杆菌可以利用饮食来源和宿主肠道内的碳水化合物,促进宿主的新陈代谢。双歧杆菌作为重要的益生菌补充剂,具有巨大的市场潜力。然而,市场上应用较为广泛的双歧杆菌菌株为国外知名的长双歧杆菌(BB536和NCC2705)、长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种M-63、动物双歧杆菌乳亚种(BB-12、HN019和BI-017)等,而中国具有优良益生功能的“明星菌株”资源十分有限(胡陆军,江南大学,2017)。
双歧杆菌多呈直杆状,极少以分叉状、弯杆状的形态呈现,仅少数双歧杆菌含有菌毛结构。菌毛是一种毛状附属物,参与了人类微生物区系成员对宿主组织的附着与定殖,使菌株和宿主细胞表面之间更紧密的结合,同时也减少相关双歧杆菌物种之间对附着位点的竞争。一些菌株被膜的产生也需要菌毛结构的参与。然而目前具有菌毛结构双歧杆菌资源非常有限。
低聚半乳糖(Galacto-oligosaccharides,GOS)是人乳中含量较多的低聚糖,抵抗近端胃肠道消化的能力极强,能够促进双歧杆菌的定殖、促进脂质代谢、保护肝脏、预防结肠癌等。目前的商业低聚半乳糖含有大量的单糖和乳糖在内的其他双糖,不同供应商提供的低聚半乳糖在连接类型和聚合程度等方面存在较大差异。研究表明,不含有单糖和双糖的短链低聚半乳糖(Short chain Galacto-oligosaccharides, SC-GOS)具有优良的益生功能,可以调节肠道微生物组成,增加双歧杆菌的丰度,改善乳糖不耐受症等(Azcarate-Peril M Andrea et al.,Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of theUnited States of America, 2017,114(3): E367-E375)。
2'-岩藻糖基乳糖(2'-Fucosyllactose,2'-FL)是母乳低聚糖的重要组成部分,目前几家国外乳品企业在婴幼儿配方奶粉中添加2'-岩藻糖基乳糖来缩小与母乳间的差距。2'-岩藻糖基乳糖能够调节肠道菌群的平衡、维护肠道健康,促进免疫系统的发育,有助于预防过敏性疾病,抑制弯曲杆菌与人肠黏膜的结合,从而减少腹泻的发生,此外,在大脑发育、神经元传递和突触的形成中也起作用,能够促进大脑发育并且能够改善学习和记忆能力。
Taskwan等(Taksawan T, LHJ, Jomay C, et al. Journal of agriculturaland food chemistry, 2017, 65(20): 4184-4192.)分析双歧杆菌与乳酸菌利用的低聚半乳糖的情况,发现长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种M-63和长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种ATCC 15697能够很好地利用短链低聚半乳糖;而且可以通过改善肠道微生物群和肠道环境来维持肠道健康(Ishizeki S, Sugita M, Takata M, et al. Anaerobe,2013, 23: 38–44.)。
目前低聚半乳糖在我国的婴儿配方粉中广泛应用,并且母乳低聚糖在我国按照食品添加剂中的“营养强化剂”实施管理,国外含有母乳低聚糖的配方乳粉和益生菌产品均已进入国内市场,并被消费者喜爱。然而,我国关于利用2'-岩藻糖基乳糖和短链低聚半乳糖的双歧杆菌研究较少,菌株资源较为有限,且产品未能得到有效开发。
因此,本发明拟从婴儿粪便中分离筛选高效利用2'-岩藻糖基乳糖、低聚半乳糖和短链低聚半乳糖的双歧杆菌,结合基因测序技术确定其种属,评价胞外多糖含量、菌体表面蛋白含量、自聚集能力、模拟胃液耐受能力、胆盐耐受能力以及上清液抑菌能力,以期获得益生特性优良的双歧杆菌菌株,为产品研发提供菌株资源。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种具有菌毛的长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种BI_Y46(Bifidobacteriumlongum subsp. infantis Y46),保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,武汉,保藏编号为CCTCCNO: M 20221253,保藏日期2022年8月9日。
菌株特征:扫描电镜显示的BI_Y46菌体呈Y状,细胞表面有菌毛的存在。
利用细菌基因组DNA提取试剂盒Omega D4015-01(Omega Bio-Tek公司)提取细菌基因组。
所述菌株具有很好利用葡萄糖和乳糖的能力,在利用2'-岩藻糖基乳糖、低聚半乳糖和短链低聚半乳糖方面尤为突出。
所述菌株具有显著的抗胆盐胁迫能力,并且,其胞外多糖含量、菌体表面蛋白含量、自聚集能力、黏附肠道上皮细胞能力显著高于对照菌。
因此,所述菌株可以用于食品添加剂、益生菌产品、合生元制剂、酸奶、饮料等食品中。
所述的长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种BI_Y46还能够抑制有害细菌,抑制肠道腐败作用,净化肠道环境,分解致癌物质,刺激人体免疫系统,从而提高抗病能力,尤其是抑制肠道疾病。因此,可用于制备抑制肠道腐败作用、净化肠道环境、分解致癌物质、刺激人体免疫系统的药物,尤其是用于抑制肠道疾病相关的药物中。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明提供了一株具有菌毛的长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种BI_Y46,具有特殊的菌毛结构,利用2'-岩藻糖基乳糖与短链低聚半乳糖能力强,且益生特性优良,胞外多糖含量与表面蛋白含量较高,具有较强的自聚集能力和对0.2%猪胆盐耐受能力、黏附肠道上皮细胞能力,优于BI_M63和BI_15697。此外,对胃酸的耐受能力和无细胞上清液对大肠杆菌ATCC15922抑制能力均强于BI_15697。因此,长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种BI_Y46具有较好的益生潜力,为开发益生菌、婴儿食品、合生元产品提供一定的参考,也为后续研究提供菌株资源。
附图说明
图1 菌体形态图;
图2 长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种BI_Y46黏附HT-29细胞能力。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例和附图对本发明进行进一步的阐述。
长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种BI_M63(Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis M63,BI_M63)为实验室保藏菌种。长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种ATCC 15697(Bifidobacterium longumsubsp. infantis,BI_15697)及大肠杆菌ATCC 25922(Escherichia coli ATCC 25922,EC_25922)购自中国工业微生物菌种保藏管理中心(China Center of Industrial CultureCollection, CICC)。
还原液:10 g/L细菌蛋白胨,5 g/L氯化钠,0.5 g/L L-Cysteine HCl,1 mL/L吐温80。121 ℃灭菌15 min。RB琼脂培养基: 参照Hartemink[19]的方法配制。118 ℃灭菌15min。MRSC培养基: MRS肉汤培养基添加0.5 g/L L-Cysteine HCl;加入15 g/L琼脂制成MRSC固体培养基。118 ℃灭菌15 min。
无碳源MRSC培养基:10 g/L细菌蛋白胨、5 g/L酵母浸粉、0.5 g/L L-CysteineHCl、2 g/L磷酸氢二钾、5 g/L无水乙酸钠、2 g/L柠檬酸铵、0.2 g/L七水硫酸镁、0.05 g/L一水硫酸锰、1 mL/L吐温80。118 ℃灭菌15 min。
不同碳源培养基:在上述无碳源MRSC培养基中分别添加2'-岩藻糖基乳糖、短链低聚半乳糖、低聚半乳糖、葡萄糖、乳糖,使其最终浓度为10 g/L,获得2'-岩藻糖基乳糖、短链低聚半乳糖、低聚半乳糖、葡萄糖、乳糖培养基。118 ℃灭菌15 min。
实施例1长双歧杆菌的分离纯化
使用无菌粪便采集器对黑龙江省哈尔滨市母乳喂养的健康婴儿的粪便样品进行采集。要求被采集粪便的婴儿为足月分娩、顺产,月龄在6个月内且未喂食辅食,两周内未服用益生菌制品。将采集到的婴儿粪便样品置于冰盒内转移至实验室-80 ℃冰箱保存,并尽快进行双歧杆菌分离实验。
将1-2 g粪便样品用还原液进行十倍系列稀释,选择10-5、10-6、10-7的稀释液在RB琼脂平板上涂布,37 ℃恒温培养箱中厌氧培养24-72 h。
挑取单菌落至MRSC液体培养基,37 ℃厌氧培养24 h将革兰氏阳性、过氧化氢酶阴性,且呈杆状或分叉状的菌株分区划线培养,重复上述操作,直至镜检为纯菌株并编号,加入等体积无菌甘油(13%(v/v)),保存至-20 ℃冰箱中。
从菌株保藏管中挑取一环至MRSC液体培养基中,37 ℃厌氧培养24 h,以1%(v/v)接种量接种至MRSC液体培养基中厌氧培养18 h备用。
应用钨灯丝扫描电子显微镜(SEM)S-3400N观察菌体形态。
一般双歧杆菌扫描电镜观察的菌体形态多呈分叉状或杆状,排列无规则。对照菌株BI_15697和BI_M63菌体表面光滑,形态呈短杆状和弯曲杆状。BI_Y46较为特殊,扫描电镜显示的BI_Y46菌体呈Y状,细胞表面有菌毛的存在(参见图1)。
利用细菌基因组DNA提取试剂盒Omega D4015-01(Omega Bio-Tek公司)提取细菌基因组DNA。应用双歧杆菌特异引物(Bif164-F:5'-GGGTGGTAATGCCGGATG-3';Pbi R2:5'-GACCATGCACCACCTGTGAA-3')对菌株DNA进行扩增,1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳,送至上海生工生物科技有限公司测序。测序得到16S rDNA序列,将序列结果在BLAST网站比对,双歧杆菌BI_Y46为长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种(简写为BI_Y46),将其保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,武汉,保藏编号为CCTCC NO: M 20221253,保藏日期2022年8月9日。
实施例2 长双歧杆菌利用2'-岩藻糖基乳糖(2'-FL)和短链低聚半乳糖能力评价
取1 mL上述MRSC培养的BI_Y46、BI_15697和BI_M63菌液离心(10000×g,5 min,4℃),去上清,水洗,用1 mL无菌水重悬菌体。
分别取200 μL 2'-岩藻糖基乳糖-培养基、短链低聚半乳糖-培养基、低聚半乳糖-培养基、葡萄糖-培养基、乳糖-培养基加入到96孔板中,以1%(v/v)接种量接种上述重悬菌液,记录好每孔的编号,设置对照组、无碳源MRSC培养基组、2'-岩藻糖基乳糖-培养基组、短链低聚半乳糖-培养基组、低聚半乳糖-培养基组、葡萄糖-培养基组、乳糖-培养基组以及加菌的无碳源MRSC培养基组。37 ℃厌氧培养,测定0 h、24 h、48 h的595nm下吸光度值评价利用2'-岩藻糖基乳糖与短链低聚半乳糖能力。
结果表明,长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种BI_Y46与对照菌株BI_15697和BI_M63对2'-岩藻糖基乳糖,短链低聚半乳糖、低聚半乳糖、葡萄糖、乳糖代谢情况见表1,BI_15697与BI_Y46均具有良好利用葡萄糖和乳糖的能力。BI_Y46对低聚半乳糖的利用能力与BI_M63相当,强于BI_15697。BI_Y46对短链低聚半乳糖和2'-岩藻糖基乳糖的利用能力均远强于BI_15697和BI_M63。此结果表明,BI_Y46对低聚半乳糖的利用能力强于BI_15697。BI_Y46具有非常优异的利用母乳低聚糖2'-岩藻糖基乳糖和低聚半乳糖的能力。
表1 实验菌株利用2'-岩藻糖基乳糖、低聚半乳糖和短链低聚半乳糖生长48h最高吸光度值(OD595 nm)
注:不同小写字母为不同菌株差异显著。
实施例3双歧杆菌益生特性
胞外多糖(EPS)提取及测定:
取10 mL上述菌液离心(6000 ×g,10 min,4 ℃),将上清液与3倍体积乙醇混合,4 ℃沉淀16 h,离心(10000 ×g,10 min,4 ℃),将沉淀风干后加入5 mL水复溶,用3.5 KD透析袋透析48 h,每8 h换一次水。用Alcian Blue法测定胞外多糖EPS产量。
分别在1.5 mL的EP管中加入50 μL不同浓度黄原胶溶液,100 μL 7%(v/v)的冰醋酸,100 μL 0.5 mg/mL Alcian Blue。室温下反应30 min,离心(6800 ×g,5 min),取200 μL上清液加入到96孔板中,读取上清液的595nm下吸光度值。根据黄原胶浓度和吸光度值建立标准曲线和立方函数方程。
在1.5 mL的EP管中加入50 μL样品,100 μL 7%(v/v)的冰醋酸,100 μL 0.5 mg/mLAlcian Blue。室温下反应30 min后离心(10000 ×g,5 min),读取上清液的595nm下吸光度值。使用模拟分析-单变量求解功能将样品的595nm下吸光度值转换为每毫升黄原胶当量毫克。
发酵液中蛋白及菌体表面蛋白含量测定:
取10 mL上述菌液离心(6000 ×g,10 min,4 ℃),PBS洗两次,加入2 mL 5 mol/LLiCl,恒温振荡反应(200 r/min,1 h,37 ℃),离心(6000 ×g,10 min,4 ℃),将上清液与2倍体积冰丙酮混合,-20 ℃过夜放置。应用Bradford法测定菌体表面蛋白含量。
自聚集能力测定:
取5 mL上述菌液离心(4500 ×g,15 min,4 ℃),PBS缓冲液洗涤并重悬,测定0 h、2 h、4 h、6 h上部菌悬液在595 nm下的吸光度。凝集率(A%)计算公式:
式中:A 0 为0 h吸光度;A t 为不同时间吸光度。
生物膜形成能力测定:
取1 mL上述菌液离心(10000 ×g,5 min,4 ℃),去上清,加入1 mL无菌水水洗,充分振荡离心(10000 ×g,5 min,4 ℃),加入1 mL无菌水重悬。在96孔板中每孔加入200 µL培养基,37 ℃,厌氧培养96 h。去培养液,每孔加入200 µL无菌水水洗,加入200 µL 0.1%(w/v)结晶紫染色30 min,再水洗并风干30 min,利用200 µL乙醇-丙酮(80:20)溶液溶解细胞结晶紫10 min。每孔取135 µL至新的96孔板,测定595nm下吸光度值。
模拟胃液耐受能力分析
取上述菌液按体积比1:5接种至pH值为2.0的人工胃液(胃蛋白酶10 g/L,加入盐酸溶液调节pH)中,37 ℃静置培养,分别在0 h、0.5 h、3 h时将菌液梯度稀释后在MRSC固体平板上进行平板菌落计数。
胆盐耐受能力分析
取1 mL上述菌液离心(10000 × g,5 min,4 ℃),洗涤菌体2次,重悬于含0.2%猪胆盐的MRSC培养液中,37 ℃厌氧培养,分别在0 h和0.5 h时,将菌落计数。
无细胞上清液抑菌能力测定
取5 mL上述菌液离心(10000 ×g,5 min,4 ℃),将上清液通过0.22 μm的微孔滤膜。以EC_25922为指示菌,应用牛津杯法评估各菌株抑菌能力。
我们测定了BI_Y46和对照菌株BI_15697和BI_M63的胞外多糖、菌体表面蛋白含量、生物膜形成情况和胆盐耐受情况、无细胞上清液对EC_25922抑制能力(表2)、菌株自聚集能力(表3)、模拟胃液耐受情况(表4)。
结果发现,BI_Y46胞外多糖含量高于两个对照菌株,但差异不显著。BI_Y46菌体表面蛋白含量显著高于两个对照菌株。表1结果表明BI_Y46对0.2%猪胆盐耐受能力显著高于对照菌,表3表明BI_Y46对胃酸的耐受能力介于BI_M63和BI_15697之间。以无菌的MRSC培养基作为对照,BI_Y46无细胞上清液对EC_25922抑制能力与BI_M63相当,显著地高于BI_15697。BI_Y46自聚集能力显著高于对照菌。
注:不同小写字母为不同菌株差异显著。
注:大写字母为同一菌株不同时间生长情况差异显著性分析,小写字母为不同菌株同一时间差异显著性分析。
注:大写字母为同一菌株不同时间生长情况差异显著性分析,小写字母为不同菌株同一时间差异显著性分析。
实施例4 细胞黏附能力测定
本实验室保存的结肠癌细胞(HT-29)在完全RPMI培养基中常规培养,每2天更换一次培养基,直到形成融合的单层。为了进行粘附试验,将HT-29单分子膜用胰蛋白酶消化,转移到24孔组织板中(每孔105个细胞),在5% CO2的完全RPMI培养基中培养24小时。然后,去除培养基,粘附的HT29细胞用PBS洗涤两次,加入1 mL完全不含抗生素的RPMI。将培养过夜的双歧杆菌在RPMI完全培养基中稀释至107 CFU/mL,加入孔中,获得初始感染倍数为100:1,在37℃、5% CO2下培养0.5 h。PBS缓冲液洗涤细胞两次,去掉未黏附的细菌。加入胰蛋白酶消化10分钟,离心后入1毫升RPMI培养基,梯度稀释后进行平板计数。细胞黏附能力百分比被定义为黏附细菌的数量除以接种的细菌总数量再乘以100%。
与胃肠道的粘附性被认为是双歧杆菌在人类肠道定植并发挥其益生菌作用的重要前提。本实验以结肠癌细胞HT-29为模型,研究BI_Y46与对照菌株对上皮细胞的黏附能力。结果表明(见图2),对照菌BI_M63、BI_15697和BI_Y46均具有黏附HT-29的能力。BI_Y46的细胞黏附能力远远地高于两株对照菌株。BI_Y46表面蛋白质浓度和自聚集的能力均高于对照菌,并且它表面形成菌毛的结构。这些结果可以说明BI_Y46具有更多的黏附性蛋白,因而具有更好的黏附肠道细胞的能力。因此,BI_Y46可以与宿主上皮细胞紧密结合,能够与病原体竞争相同的受体,取代宿主细胞中的致病菌。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例,并非因此限制本发明的专利范围,凡是利用本发明说明书内容所作的等同变换,或直接或间接运用在相关的技术领域,均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (8)
1.一种具有菌毛的长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种BI_Y46(Bifidobacterium longum subsp.infantis Y46),其特征在于,所述长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种BI_Y46保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,武汉,保藏编号为CCTCC NO: M 20221253,保藏日期2022年8月9日。
2.权利要求1所述的具有菌毛的长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种BI_Y46在利用2'-岩藻糖基乳糖、低聚半乳糖和短链低聚半乳糖方面的应用。
3.权利要求1所述的具有菌毛的长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种BI_Y46在抗胆盐胁迫方面的应用。
4.权利要求2-3任一项所述的应用,其特征在于,用于食品添加剂。
5.权利要求1所述的具有菌毛的长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种BI_Y46在合生元制剂或酸奶、饮料制备中的应用。
6.权利要求1所述的具有菌毛的长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种BI_Y46在制备抑制有害细菌的药物中的应用。
7.权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于,有害细菌为肠道有害细菌。
8.权利要求1所述的具有菌毛的长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种BI_Y46在黏附肠道上皮细胞方面的应用。
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