CN115325894A - Three-order cut blasting structure and blasting method for ultra-hard rock tunnel - Google Patents
Three-order cut blasting structure and blasting method for ultra-hard rock tunnel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115325894A CN115325894A CN202211064137.4A CN202211064137A CN115325894A CN 115325894 A CN115325894 A CN 115325894A CN 202211064137 A CN202211064137 A CN 202211064137A CN 115325894 A CN115325894 A CN 115325894A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- hole
- order
- holes
- explosive
- blasting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a three-order cut blasting structure and a blasting method for an extra-hard rock tunnel, wherein the blasting structure comprises a cut hole vertical to a tunnel section; the cutting holes comprise first-order cutting holes, second-order cutting holes arranged on the periphery of the first-order cutting holes and third-order cutting holes arranged on the periphery of the second-order cutting holes; wherein, explosive is filled in the first-order undermining hole and the third-order undermining hole, and explosive is not filled in the second-order undermining hole. The blasting structure and the blasting method provided by the invention are used for blasting the ultra-hard rock tunnel, and three-order same-depth straight-hole horizontal column type undercutting is used, so that the undercutting blasting depth is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction blasting, in particular to a three-order undermining blasting structure and a blasting method for an extra-hard rock tunnel.
Background
The ultra-hard rock/hard rock is that the hardness coefficient f =15-20 of the rock, and the technical problems of poor cut effect, long residual blast hole and low footage exist during tunnel blasting of the ultra-hard rock.
At present, the construction method aiming at the II-level surrounding rock is as follows: a two-step wedge-shaped cutting mode is adopted, the depth of a first-step cutting hole is 1.5m, the depth of a second-step cutting hole is 3.0m, the depths of other blast holes are 2.8m, the number of full-section blast holes is 63, the explosive loading amount is 96Kg, the advancing rule of each blast is 1.8-2.0 m, the length of the residual blast hole is 0.7-0.8 m, and the utilization rate of the blast hole is 64.3-71.4%. The existing construction method has the following defects: although the depth of the undercut hole is 3.0m, the length of the remaining blast hole after blasting is 1.0-1.2 m, and the undercut effect is poor. Moreover, the wedge-shaped cut cannot be drilled due to the fact that the section is smaller and the field is narrow, only about 1.6m of depth can be drilled by a short drill rod, and then the long drill rod is replaced to drill continuously to the designed depth; the footage of each gun is only 1.8-2.0 m, the tasks of 60-70 m are completed every month, the construction progress is slow, and the construction period is delayed; because the footage is low, the residual blast holes are long, and the explosive consumption is naturally high; because of the poor light explosion effect, the initial support of the sprayed concrete is increased, the cost is wasted, and obvious loss occurs.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a three-order cut blasting structure for an extra-hard rock tunnel, which comprises a cut hole vertical to a tunnel section; the cutting holes comprise first-order cutting holes, second-order cutting holes arranged on the periphery of the first-order cutting holes and third-order cutting holes arranged on the periphery of the second-order cutting holes; wherein, explosive is filled in the first-order undermining hole and the third-order undermining hole, and explosive is not filled in the second-order undermining hole.
On the basis of the scheme, the depth of the first-order cutting hole, the depth of the second-order cutting hole and the depth of the third-order cutting hole are the same.
On the basis of the scheme, two ends of the explosive in the first-order cut hole are respectively fixed with a round cover, and the round covers are round metal plates with certain thickness.
On the basis of the scheme, the round covers are respectively fixed with fixing arms; the fixed arm is in the shape of
And the explosive comprises a transverse part and an extension part formed by extending two ends of the transverse part towards the explosive direction.
The invention also provides a three-order cut blasting method for the extra-hard rock tunnel, and particularly provides the blasting structure. The method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps:
s1 blast hole construction
Drilling blast holes on the cross section of the tunnel by using an air drill; wherein, the first-order cutting hole is positioned at the center, the second-order cutting hole is positioned at the periphery of the first-order cutting hole, and the third-order cutting hole is positioned at the periphery of the second-order cutting hole; the blast hole also comprises a plurality of reaming holes arranged at the periphery of the three-order undercut hole, a plurality of auxiliary holes arranged at the periphery of the reaming holes, a plurality of peripheral holes arranged at the periphery of the auxiliary holes and a plurality of bottom holes positioned at the bottom of the section of the tunnel; the depth of the first-order cutting hole, the second-order cutting hole and the third-order cutting hole is the same and is greater than that of other blast holes;
after the hole is drilled, removing residual broken slag and water in each blast hole;
s2 explosive installation
Explosive is filled in the first-order undercutting hole, the third-order undercutting hole, the slot expanding hole, the auxiliary hole, the peripheral hole and the bottom hole, and explosive is not filled in the second-order undercutting hole;
when the explosive in the first-order cut hole is installed, two ends of the explosive are respectively fixed with a round cover, and the round covers are round metal plates with certain thickness; fixed arms are respectively fixed on the round covers; the fixed arm is in the shape of
The explosive comprises a transverse part and an extension part formed by extending two ends of the transverse part towards the explosive direction; the extension part is fixedly connected with the explosive;
after the explosive is loaded, plugging the blast hole, wherein the specific plugging method comprises the following steps:
the plugging method of the first-order slotted holes and the third-order slotted holes is characterized in that the blast holes are all plugged by sequentially using 1 section of stemming, 1 section of stemming, 1 stemming and 1 section of stemming from inside to outside;
the slot expanding hole, the auxiliary hole and the bottom hole are plugged by using 1 section of stemming and 1 stemming;
the hole opening is sealed by 0.3m water stemming for the eye;
s3 blasting
The initiation sequence during blasting is as follows: first-order undercut-third-order undercut-reaming-auxiliary-peripheral-bottom-hole.
The blasting structure and the blasting method provided by the invention use three-order same-depth straight-hole horizontal column type undercutting aiming at the blasting of the extra-hard rock tunnel, are beneficial to simultaneously drilling holes by a plurality of drilling machines without interference, can use a long drill rod to punch holes at one time, and improve the working efficiency of drilling holes. The unique cut blasting mechanism of this patent: the barrel cover processed by round steel and steel plates and the unique cover barrel type charging structure of stemming and stemming plugging are utilized to ensure the accumulation of blasting energy at the lower part of a blast hole, and a plurality of free columns of second-order hollow holes are added, so that the crushing range of the lower part of the ultra-hard rock can be effectively expanded, slag throwing can be smoothly realized after third-order blasting, the whole undermining effect is ensured, barrel pulling is avoided, and the undermining blasting depth is ensured; the peripheral blast holes are only plugged by soft and wet stemming at the hole opening of 0.3m, so that the cracks between the adjacent peripheral blast holes are communicated, the rocks are smoothly peeled along the excavation contour line, and the good effect of smooth blasting is ensured. The blasting footage is improved to 3.2-3.4 m from the original 1.8-2.0 m, the utilization rate of blast holes is improved to 92% from the original 70%, and the construction progress is improved to 170-190 m and 220m at most from the original 60-70 m per month; the smooth blasting has good effect, reduces the overbreak and the underbreak, reduces the amount of the primary support sprayed concrete, shortens the primary support time and saves the construction cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of arrangement of blast holes on a tunnel section (the tunnel section is a straight wall-circular arch type);
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the positions and distances of blast holes on the cross section of the tunnel (the cross section of the tunnel is a straight wall-circular arch type);
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a first-order slotted intraocular explosive mounting configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a round cover and a fixing arm according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a first-order undercut intraocular drug loading and blocking structure of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a diagram of tunnel photo-explosion effect in an application example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples, which are intended to facilitate the understanding of the invention without limiting it in any way.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a three-step undermining blasting structure for an extra hard rock tunnel, specifically, the extra hard rock or hard rock in the present invention refers to rock with a hardness coefficient f = 15-20.
The blasting structure comprises a cut hole 1 vertical to the section of the tunnel; the cutting hole 1 adopts a three-order same-depth cylindrical (barrel) type cutting mode, and the cutting hole 1 comprises a first-order cutting hole 1-1, a second-order cutting hole 1-2 arranged at the periphery of the first-order cutting hole 1-1 and a third-order cutting hole 1-3 arranged at the periphery of the second-order cutting hole 1-2; wherein, explosive is filled in the first-order slotted hole 1-1 and the third-order slotted hole 1-3, and explosive is not filled in the second-order slotted hole 1-2.
The effect of undermining blasting is the heavy of whole excavation section (tunnel section) blasting construction, consequently, undermining blasting problem when this application first-selected extremely hard rock blasting construction of solving. During blasting, explosive is directly installed in the cut hole 1 in the traditional mode, the second-order cut hole 1-2 is only used as an empty slot, and the explosive is not placed in the first-order cut hole, so that the crushing range can be enlarged during blasting of the first-order cut hole 1-1, and the slag throwing and cutting effects can be realized during blasting of the third-order cut hole 1-3, and the problems of poor cutting effect, long residual blast holes and low footage of the tunnel made of the extra hard rock are solved.
As a specific embodiment, the depth of the first-order cutting hole 1-1, the second-order cutting hole 1-2 and the third-order cutting hole 1-3 is the same.
During blasting, the explosive is directly placed in the slotted hole 1 in the traditional mode, but when the explosive faces extremely hard rock/hard rock, the blasting effect is not ideal, therefore, the technical scheme for enhancing the blasting effect is provided, specifically, two circular covers 1-11 are respectively fixed at two ends of the explosive in the first-order slotted hole 1-1, and the circular covers 1-11 are specifically metal circular plates with certain thickness, such as steel plates with the thickness of 6 mm. Therefore, energy can be gathered in the first-order cutting hole 1-1 during blasting, and the blasting effect is enhanced.
To better secure the dome 1-11 to the explosive, as shown in figures 3 and 4Fixing arms 1-12 are respectively fixed on the round covers 1-11, and the fixing arms 1-12 extend towards the direction of the explosive; in order to increase the strength of the dome 1-11, it is possible to implement a solution in which the shape of the fixing arm 1-12 is such that
The explosive comprises a transverse part 1-121, and two ends of the transverse part 1-121 extend towards the explosive direction to form extension parts 1-122; wherein the transverse portions 1-121 are welded to the circular caps 1-11 (as shown in fig. 3), so that the transverse portions 1-121 of the fixing arms 1-12 effectively reinforce the circular caps 1-11 and the extensions 1-122 are fixed to the explosive charge. Specifically, the fixing arms 1 to 12 can be formed by bending round steel with the diameter of 8 mm. When the round cover 1-11 and the fixing arm 1-12 which are welded together are fixed with the explosive, the extending part 1-122 extending to the direction of the explosive can be wound and fixed with the explosive by using adhesive tapes, and the explosive roll and the round cover 1-11 which are fixed together realize the collection of energy when the explosive explodes, thereby enhancing the blasting effect.
As a specific application example, the diameter of the first-order slotted hole 1-1 is 45mm, the diameter of the conventional explosive cartridge is 35mm, and the diameter of the round cover 1-11 is 40mm, so that the energy gathering effect of the round cover 1-11 can be ensured, and the explosive added with the round cover 1-11 can be placed into the first-order slotted hole 1-1. Because the diameter difference between the round cover 1-11 and the first-order slotted hole 1-1 is only 5mm, and the first-order slotted hole 1-1 is horizontal, the explosive is not easy to be plugged into the bottom of the first-order slotted hole 1-1 during placement, in order to facilitate placement of the explosive, a handle 1-13 is fixed on the side, away from the explosive, of the round cover 1-11 close to the outer side in the first-order slotted hole 1-1, and round steel with the diameter of 8mm can also be used for the handle 1-13 (as shown in fig. 3).
After the explosive in the first-order slotted hole 1-1 is installed, the first-order slotted hole 1-1 is completely plugged by sequentially using 1 section of stemming, 1 section of stemming, 1 stemming and 1 section of stemming. As shown in fig. 5. The plugging mode increases the friction between the whole body of the stemming and the hole wall, so that explosive gas, explosive stress wave, shock wave and detonation wave generated during explosive explosion are not easy to push out, the acting time in the blast hole is prolonged, rocks are fully crushed, and the channeling effect is fully exerted. After the explosive in the third-order slotted hole 1-3 is installed, the blocking mode is the same as that of the first-order slotted hole 1-1.
As a specific embodiment, the number of the first-order slitting holes 1 to 1 is 1; the number of the second-order cutting holes 1-2 is 4, and the number of the third-order cutting holes 1-3 is 8. The positional relationship of the first-order undercut hole 1-1, the second-order undercut hole 1-2, and the third-order undercut hole 1-3 will be described below by taking fig. 1 as an example: the 4 second-order slotted holes 1-2 are positioned on a small circumference which takes the first-order slotted hole 1-1 as the center of a circle, and the 4 second-order slotted holes 1-2 are uniformly distributed on the small circumference; the 8 third-order slotted holes 1-3 are positioned on a large circumference which takes the first-order slotted holes 1-1 as the circle center, and the 8 third-order slotted holes 1-3 are uniformly distributed on the large circumference. The connection line of any three-order slotted hole 1-3 and the first-order slotted hole 1-1 does not pass through the second-order slotted hole 1-2. According to the structural design of the slotted hole, the second-order slotted hole is not filled with explosive and detonator and is a hollow hole, so that a free surface is provided for the first-order slotted hole, the first-order slotted hole is helped to fully break rocks, the clamping effect of the rocks at the bottom of the first-order slotted hole is reduced, the blasting effect of the hole is increased, and the third-order slotted hole is helped to continuously play a role in enlarging the slotted hole.
The patent is described in detail above for a special undermining hole structure and an explosive mounting manner during blasting of an extra-hard rock tunnel, and during actual blasting, blast holes are provided with other auxiliary blast holes on a blasting section besides the undermining hole 1, for example, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the blast holes further include a plurality of expanding holes 2 arranged at the periphery of three-order undermining holes 1-3, a plurality of auxiliary holes 3 arranged at the periphery of the expanding holes 2, a plurality of peripheral holes 4 arranged at the periphery of the auxiliary holes 3, and a plurality of bottom holes 5 located at the bottom of the tunnel section; the depth of the reaming holes 2, the auxiliary holes 3, the peripheral holes 4 and the bottom holes 5 in the direction perpendicular to the section of the tunnel is the same, and the depth is smaller than that of the cutting holes 1, for example, the depth of the cutting holes 1 is 3.8m, and the depth of the reaming holes 2, the auxiliary holes 3, the peripheral holes 4 and the bottom holes 5 is 3.6m.
The blast hole diameters of all the undercutting holes 1, the slot expanding holes 2, the auxiliary holes 3, the peripheral holes 4 and the bottom holes 5 are 45mm.
The slot expanding hole 2, the auxiliary hole 3 and the bottom hole 5 are plugged by 1 section of stemming and 1 stemming; the perimeter hole 4 was closed with a 0.3m water stemming. The peripheral holes 4 are only plugged by cement at the hole opening of 0.3m, so that the communication of cracks between adjacent peripheral blast holes is realized, the rock is smoothly peeled off along the excavation contour line, and the good effect of smooth blasting is ensured.
On the tunnel section, the cut hole 1 is arranged at the middle lower part of the tunnel section, and the tunnel section can be a straight wall-circular arch tunnel section, or a tunnel section with other structures such as a straight wall three-core arch type, an arc wall arc arch type, an inclined wall oval arch type and the like.
Example 2
The following provides a three-order cut blasting method for an extra-hard rock tunnel, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
s1 blast hole construction
Drilling blast holes (respectively: a cut hole 1, a slot expanding hole 2, an auxiliary hole 3, a peripheral hole 4 and a bottom hole 5) on the section of the tunnel by using an air drill; wherein, the first-order slotted hole 1-1 is positioned at the center, the second-order slotted hole 1-2 is positioned at the periphery of the first-order slotted hole 1-1, and the third-order slotted hole 1-3 is positioned at the periphery of the second-order slotted hole 1-2; the blast hole also comprises a plurality of reaming holes 2 arranged at the periphery of the three-order cutting holes 1-3, a plurality of auxiliary holes 3 arranged at the periphery of the reaming holes 2, a plurality of peripheral holes 4 arranged at the periphery of the auxiliary holes 3 and a plurality of bottom holes 5 positioned at the bottom of the section of the tunnel; the depths of the slot expanding holes 2, the auxiliary holes 3, the peripheral holes 4 and the bottom holes 5 in the direction vertical to the section of the tunnel are the same, and the depth is smaller than that of the slot cutting holes 1; preferably, the depth of the cutting hole 1 is 3.8m, and the depth of the reaming hole 2, the auxiliary hole 3, the peripheral hole 4 and the bottom hole 5 is 3.6m.
The number of the cutting holes 1 is specifically: the number of the first-order cutting holes 1-1 is 1, the number of the second-order cutting holes 1-2 is 4, and the number of the third-order cutting holes 1-3 is 8;
after the drilling is finished, removing residual broken slag and water in each blast hole;
s2 explosive installation
Explosive is filled in the first-order slotted hole 1-1, the third-order slotted hole 1-3, the slot expanding hole 2, the auxiliary hole 3, the peripheral hole 4 and the bottom hole 5, and explosive is not filled in the second-order slotted hole 1-2;
as a preferable scheme, the usage amount of the explosive in each blast hole is as follows:
1-12.4 Kg/eye of the first-order undermining hole, 1-32.1 Kg/eye of the third-order undermining hole, 21.8 Kg/eye of the reaming hole, 31.5 Kg/eye of the auxiliary hole, 41.2 Kg/eye of the periphery hole and 51.5 Kg/eye of the bottom hole;
the explosive in the first-order slotted hole 1-1 is arranged in the way of the embodiment 1, namely, round covers 1-11 are respectively arranged at two ends of the explosive for energy collection. And will not be described in detail herein.
After the explosive is loaded, plugging the blast hole, wherein the specific plugging method comprises the following steps:
the plugging method of the first-order slotted holes 1-1 and the third-order slotted holes 1-3 is that the blast holes are all plugged by sequentially using 1 section of stemming, 1 gun plug, 1 section of stemming, 1 gun plug and 1 section of stemming from inside to outside;
the slot expanding hole 2, the auxiliary hole 3 and the bottom hole 5 are plugged by 1 section of stemming and 1 stemming;
the perimeter holes 4 were closed with 0.3m water stemming.
S3 blasting
The initiation sequence during blasting is as follows: the first-order slotted hole 1-1-the third-order slotted hole 1-3-the slot-expanding hole 2-the auxiliary hole 3-the peripheral hole 4-the bottom hole 5, and the connection mode adopts a large parallel connection mode.
Application case
The lotus mountain tunnel is located at the intersection of the Huidong county and the deep Shang special cooperation area in the Guangdong Heizhou city, the length of the lotus mountain tunnel is 5200m, the clear section size of the tunnel is 4.5m multiplied by 4.5m (height multiplied by width), the tunnel is straight-wall-circular arch-shaped, a DN914 natural gas pipeline is laid in the tunnel, and the design pressure is 9.2MPa.
The grade of the lotus mountain tunnel surrounding rock is divided into II-VI grades. The horizontal length of the tunnel is 5200m, wherein the length of the II-grade surrounding rock is 1016.69m, the total length is 19.55%, and the length of the III-grade surrounding rock is 2296.11m, the total length is 44.15%; the length of the IV-grade surrounding rock is 1116.53m, and the IV-grade surrounding rock accounts for 21.47% of the total length; the length of the V-level surrounding rock is 713.92m, which accounts for 13.73 percent of the total length; the VI-level surrounding rock is 57.04m in length and accounts for 1.10 percent of the total length.
Wherein II level country rock be extra hard granite, current scheme is: a two-step wedge-shaped cutting mode is adopted, the depth of a first-step cutting hole is 1.5m, the depth of a second-step cutting hole is 3.0m, the depths of other blast holes are 2.8m, the number of full-section blast holes is 63, the explosive loading amount is 96Kg, the advancing length of each blast is 1.8-2.0 m, the length of the rest blast holes is 0.7-0.8 m, the utilization rate of the blast holes is 64.3-71.4%, the advancing length is too low, and the cost is high.
The construction was carried out by using the blasting structure of example 1 and the blasting method of example 2 of the present invention, and the following description will be made in detail.
S1 blast hole construction
The method is characterized in that a YT-30 type pneumatic drill, a phi 18mm multiplied by 4.5m hollow hexagonal steel drill rod and a phi 42mm cross-shaped alloy steel drill bit (or a diamond drill bit) are used for drilling holes on a tunnel section (respectively comprising an undercut hole 1, a slot expanding hole 2, an auxiliary hole 3, a peripheral hole 4 and a bottom hole 5), blast holes are distributed according to the requirements of a design drawing of a drawing 2 (area division and auxiliary lines refer to the drawing 1), and the left, right, upper and lower position relations in the following contents are explained on the basis of the drawing 2.
The tunnel section is integrally divided into an upper part and a lower part along a boundary M, wherein the upper part is an arch section A and the lower part is a straight section B; the whole body is divided into a left part and a right part along the central line N of the tunnel;
wherein, the cutting holes 1 are three circles and are all arranged on the straight section B, one cutting hole 1-1 (numbered T0) is arranged at one step, and the cutting hole 1-1 at one step passes through the central line N of the tunnel; four second-order slotted holes 1-2 (numbered as O1, O2, O3 and O4) are positioned at the periphery of the first-order slotted hole 1-1; eight three-order slotted holes 1-3 (numbered as T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7 and T8) are positioned at the periphery of the second-order slotted hole 1-2; as shown in fig. 2, four second-order slotted holes 1-2 are located on a small circumference with the first-order slotted hole 1-1 as a circle center, and the four second-order slotted holes 1-2 are uniformly distributed on the small circumference; the eight third-order undercut holes 1-3 are positioned on a large circumference which takes the first-order undercut holes 1-1 as the circle center, and the eight third-order undercut holes 1-3 are uniformly distributed on the large circumference.
The periphery of the three-order cutting holes 1-3 is provided with 12 expanding holes 2 (the number is K1-K12), wherein: 6 are positioned on the straight section B, three on the left side and the right side of each of three-order undercut holes 1-3, are vertically arranged according to a straight line, 2 are positioned at the junction of the arched section A and the straight section B, and 4 are positioned on the arched section A, wherein 11 of the expanded slotted holes 2 enclose an urban portal shape (two sides are vertical lines, and the top is a circular arch line) and are sleeved outside the undercut holes 1, and the rest of the expanded slotted holes 2 positioned on the arched section A are positioned between the circular arch line and the undercut holes 1;
2 circles of auxiliary holes 3 are arranged on the periphery of the slot expanding hole 2, and the number of the auxiliary holes is 32 (the number of the first circle is 15, and is numbered as F1-F15, and the number of the second circle is 17, and is numbered as F16-F32); wherein the 15 arrangement modes of the first circle are as follows: 6 auxiliary holes 3 are arranged on the straight section B, three on the left side and three on the right side of each of the three-step undercuts 1-3 and are vertically arranged according to a straight line, 2 auxiliary holes are arranged at the junction of the arched section A and the straight section B, 7 auxiliary holes are arranged on the arched section A, and the 15 auxiliary holes 3 are enclosed into an urban cave shape (the two sides are vertical lines, and the top is a circular arch line) and are sleeved on the periphery of the reaming hole 2; the second 17 auxiliary eyes 3 are arranged in the following manner: 6 are located straight section B, and the left and right sides of three-order undercut hole 1-3 respectively three, arrange according to the straight line is vertical, and 2 lie in arch section A and the juncture of straight section B, and 9 lie in arch section A, and 17 supplementary eyes 3 enclose into city door hole shape (both sides are vertical line, the top is the circle arch line) and overlap the periphery at supplementary eye 3 of first circle.
A circle of peripheral eyes 4 are further arranged on the periphery of the second circle of auxiliary eyes 3, the number of the peripheral eyes is 21 (the number is Z1-Z21), and the arrangement mode is as follows: 6 are located straight section B, and the left and right sides of three-order undercut hole 1-3 respectively three, arrange according to the straight line is vertical, 2 are located the juncture of arch section A and straight section B, 13 are located arch section A, 21 peripheral eyes 4 enclose to become city door hole shape (both sides are vertical line, the top is the circle arch line) and overlap the periphery at second circle auxiliary eye 3.
A row of transverse bottom holes 4 is arranged below the straight section B, and the number of the bottom holes is 9 (numbered as D1-D9).
Information on the position, distance, etc. between the respective blastholes is referred to the data in fig. 2, and the data in fig. 2 can be directly cited in the contents of the patent. The units of data in fig. 2, such as 325, 400, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 850, 1100, 2500, 2650, etc., are all mm.
Specific parameters of the surrounding rock, blasting parameters and expected blasting effect are shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 blasting parameter design of II-grade surrounding rock
TABLE 2 surrounding rock parameters and expected blasting Effect
S2 explosive installation
Installing explosives in each blast hole according to the table 1; plugging the blast hole according to the content in the table 1;
the specific plugging method comprises the following steps:
the plugging method of the first-order slotted holes 1-1 and the third-order slotted holes 1-3 is that the blast holes are all plugged by sequentially using 1 section of stemming, 1 gun plug, 1 section of stemming, 1 gun plug and 1 section of stemming from inside to outside;
the slot expanding hole 2, the auxiliary hole 3 and the bottom hole 5 are plugged by 1 section of stemming and 1 stemming;
the perimeter holes 4 were closed with 0.3m water stemming.
S3 blasting
Blasting was performed according to the initiation sequence of table 1, and the effect graph after blasting is shown in fig. 6.
According to the blasting structure and the blasting method, aiming at blasting of the extra-hard rock tunnel, three-order horizontal column type undercuts with the same depth are used, so that a plurality of drilling machines can be simultaneously drilled without interference, a long drill rod can be used for drilling holes at one time, and the drilling work efficiency is improved. The unique cover cylinder type charging structure ensures the accumulation of the blasting energy at the lower part of the blast hole, deepens the bottom, enlarges the crushing range of the hard rock at the lower part and ensures the cutting blasting depth; the blasting footage is improved to 3.2-3.4 m from the original 1.8-2.0 m, the utilization rate of blast holes is improved to 92% from the original 70%, and the construction progress is improved to 170-190 m and 220m at most from the original 60-70 m per month; the smooth blasting has good effect, reduces the over-excavation and under-excavation, reduces the amount of the primary support sprayed concrete, shortens the primary support time and saves the construction cost.
Aiming at the application case, the invention can be understood to provide a blasting structure and a blasting method aiming at the straight wall-circular arch type ultra-hard rock tunnel at the same time, and the specific blasting structure and the blasting method refer to the content of fig. 2 and the application case.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A three-order undercut blasting structure for an extra-hard rock tunnel is characterized by comprising undercut holes (1) perpendicular to a tunnel section; the cutting holes comprise a first-order cutting hole (1-1), a second-order cutting hole (1-2) arranged at the periphery of the first-order cutting hole (1-1) and a third-order cutting hole (1-3) arranged at the periphery of the second-order cutting hole (1-2); wherein, the first-order slotted hole (1-1) and the third-order slotted hole (1-3) are filled with explosive, and the second-order slotted hole (1-2) is not filled with explosive.
2. Blasting structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the first (1-1), second (1-2) and third (1-3) cutting holes have the same depth.
3. The blasting structure according to claim 1, wherein a round cap (1-11) is fixed at each end of the explosive in the first-order undercut hole (1-1), and the round caps (1-11) are round metal plates with certain thickness.
4. Blasting structure according to claim 3, characterized in that the domes (1-11) are fixed with fixing arms (1-12), respectively; the fixing arms (1-12) are shaped as
The explosive comprises a transverse part (1-121) and an extension part (1-122) formed by extending the two ends of the transverse part towards the explosive direction.
5. Blasting structure according to claim 4, characterized in that a handle (1-13) is fixed to the side of the dome (1-11) facing away from the cartridge, inside the first-order slitting eye (1-1) close to the outer side.
6. The blasting structure according to claim 1, wherein after the explosive cartridge in the first-order slitting hole (1-1) is installed, the first-order slitting hole (1-1) is completely blocked by using 1 section of stemming +1 section of stemming; the blocking mode of the third-order cut holes (1-3) is the same as that of the first-order cut holes (1-1).
7. Blasting structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of first-order slitting holes (1-1) is 1; the number of the second-order cutting holes (1-2) is 4, and the number of the third-order cutting holes (1-3) is 8; wherein, the distance between any one second-order cutting hole (1-2) and the first-order cutting hole (1-1) is the same; the distance between any three-order undercut hole (1-3) and the first-order undercut hole (1-1) is the same.
8. The blasting structure according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of reaming holes (2) disposed at the periphery of the three-step cut holes (1-3), a plurality of auxiliary holes (3) disposed at the periphery of the reaming holes (2), a plurality of peripheral holes (4) disposed at the periphery of the auxiliary holes (3), and a plurality of bottom holes (5) located at the bottom of the tunnel cross section; the depth of the slot expanding hole (2), the auxiliary hole (3), the peripheral hole (4) and the bottom hole (5) in the direction vertical to the section of the tunnel is the same, and the depth is smaller than that of the slot cutting hole (1).
9. A three-step cut blasting method for an extra hard rock tunnel, characterized in that the blasting structure of any one of claims 1 to 8 is used.
10. The three-step plunge blasting method for the extra hard rock tunnel according to claim 9, characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1 blast hole construction
Drilling blast holes on the cross section of the tunnel by using an air drill; wherein the first-order slotted hole (1-1) is positioned in the center, the second-order slotted hole (1-2) is positioned at the periphery of the first-order slotted hole (1-1), and the third-order slotted hole (1-3) is positioned at the periphery of the second-order slotted hole (1-2); the blast hole also comprises a plurality of slot expanding holes (2) arranged at the periphery of the three-order cut holes (1-3), a plurality of auxiliary holes (3) arranged at the periphery of the slot expanding holes (2), a plurality of peripheral holes (4) arranged at the periphery of the auxiliary holes (3) and a plurality of bottom holes (5) positioned at the bottom of the section of the tunnel; the depth of the first-order cutting hole (1-1), the second-order cutting hole (1-2) and the third-order cutting hole (1-3) is the same and is greater than that of other blast holes;
after the drilling is finished, removing residual broken slag and water in each blast hole;
s2 explosive installation
Explosive is filled in the first-order slotted hole (1-1), the third-order slotted hole (1-3), the slot expanding hole (2), the auxiliary hole (3), the peripheral hole (4) and the bottom hole (5), and explosive is not filled in the second-order slotted hole (1-2);
when the explosive in the first-order undercut hole (1-1) is installed, two ends of the explosive are respectively fixed with a round cover (1-11), and the round covers (1-11) are round metal plates with certain thickness; the round covers (1-11) are respectively fixed with fixed arms (1-12); the fixing arms (1-12) are shaped as
The explosive comprises a transverse part (1-121) and an extension part (1-122) formed by extending the two ends of the transverse part towards the explosive direction; the extension part (1-122) is fixedly connected with the explosive;
after the explosive is loaded, the blast hole is plugged, and the specific plugging method comprises the following steps:
the plugging method of the first-order cut hole (1-1) and the third-order cut hole (1-3) is that the blast holes are all plugged by sequentially using 1 section of stemming, 1 section of stemming, 1 stemming and 1 section of stemming from inside to outside;
the slot expanding hole (2), the auxiliary hole (3) and the bottom hole (5) are plugged by using 1 section of stemming and 1 stemming;
the peripheral holes (4) are sealed by the stemming with 0.3m water;
s3 blasting
The initiation sequence during blasting is as follows: first-order slotted hole (1-1) -third-order slotted hole (1-3) -slot expanding hole (2) -auxiliary hole (3) -peripheral hole (4) -bottom hole (5).
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211064137.4A CN115325894B (en) | 2022-08-31 | 2022-08-31 | Third-order cut blasting structure and blasting method for ultra-hard rock tunnel |
| GB2214010.7A GB2611425B (en) | 2022-08-31 | 2022-09-26 | Three-step cut blasting structure and method for ultra-hard rock tunnel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211064137.4A CN115325894B (en) | 2022-08-31 | 2022-08-31 | Third-order cut blasting structure and blasting method for ultra-hard rock tunnel |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115325894A true CN115325894A (en) | 2022-11-11 |
| CN115325894B CN115325894B (en) | 2023-08-29 |
Family
ID=83928680
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211064137.4A Active CN115325894B (en) | 2022-08-31 | 2022-08-31 | Third-order cut blasting structure and blasting method for ultra-hard rock tunnel |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115325894B (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2611425B (en) |
Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105222660A (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2016-01-06 | 成都理工大学 | A kind of High-geotemperature tunnel cooling presplit blasting method |
| CN107843156A (en) * | 2016-09-20 | 2018-03-27 | 南京梅山冶金发展有限公司 | Gallery（Tunnel）The method of driving enhancing Cut Blasting efficiency |
| CN108362182A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-08-03 | 安徽中金立华矿业工程有限公司 | A kind of photoface exploision Uncoincided charge auxiliary device |
| CN109870081A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-06-11 | 中交路桥建设有限公司 | A kind of narrow-bore tunnel cut shot method for adding guiding shock relieve vent |
| CN111043924A (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2020-04-21 | 中铁十八局集团有限公司 | Efficient blasting method for blocking stemming of tunnel soft rock full-section multistage ultra-deep hole double-end stemming |
| CN111551086A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-08-18 | 安徽理工大学 | Vertical hole progressive slotting method based on reinforced fracturing charge and single-face joint-cutting charge |
| CN113154974A (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2021-07-23 | 唐山开滦建设(集团)有限责任公司 | Tunnel roof pressing smooth blasting method |
| CN114001605A (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2022-02-01 | 昆明理工大学 | Smooth blasting method for tunneling |
| CN114485304A (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-05-13 | 安徽开发矿业有限公司 | Simple light explosion drilling and charging method for medium-hard rock |
| CN217110699U (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2022-08-02 | 绥棱县淼源井业科技有限公司 | Blasting big gun hole plugging device |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113776398A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-12-10 | 安徽金日晟矿业有限责任公司 | Directional control smooth blasting method |
-
2022
- 2022-08-31 CN CN202211064137.4A patent/CN115325894B/en active Active
- 2022-09-26 GB GB2214010.7A patent/GB2611425B/en active Active
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105222660A (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2016-01-06 | 成都理工大学 | A kind of High-geotemperature tunnel cooling presplit blasting method |
| CN107843156A (en) * | 2016-09-20 | 2018-03-27 | 南京梅山冶金发展有限公司 | Gallery（Tunnel）The method of driving enhancing Cut Blasting efficiency |
| CN108362182A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-08-03 | 安徽中金立华矿业工程有限公司 | A kind of photoface exploision Uncoincided charge auxiliary device |
| CN109870081A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-06-11 | 中交路桥建设有限公司 | A kind of narrow-bore tunnel cut shot method for adding guiding shock relieve vent |
| CN111043924A (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2020-04-21 | 中铁十八局集团有限公司 | Efficient blasting method for blocking stemming of tunnel soft rock full-section multistage ultra-deep hole double-end stemming |
| CN111551086A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-08-18 | 安徽理工大学 | Vertical hole progressive slotting method based on reinforced fracturing charge and single-face joint-cutting charge |
| CN113154974A (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2021-07-23 | 唐山开滦建设(集团)有限责任公司 | Tunnel roof pressing smooth blasting method |
| CN114001605A (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2022-02-01 | 昆明理工大学 | Smooth blasting method for tunneling |
| CN114485304A (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-05-13 | 安徽开发矿业有限公司 | Simple light explosion drilling and charging method for medium-hard rock |
| CN217110699U (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2022-08-02 | 绥棱县淼源井业科技有限公司 | Blasting big gun hole plugging device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN115325894B (en) | 2023-08-29 |
| GB2611425B (en) | 2023-10-18 |
| GB2611425A (en) | 2023-04-05 |
| GB202214010D0 (en) | 2022-11-09 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN113390308B (en) | Composite cut blasting structure and cut method thereof | |
| CN108007285B (en) | A kind of efficient Cut Blasting method of stone head deep hole sublevel segmentation | |
| CN105333778A (en) | Medium-deep hole large-section composite cut blasting structure and method | |
| CN205262309U (en) | Compound undercutting blasting structure of big section of medium -length hole | |
| CN102109304A (en) | Directional rock blasting crack propagation method and device | |
| CN101419040A (en) | Deep hole blasting method in large aperture composite undermine | |
| CN105937395A (en) | Fast and highly-efficient tunneling method for large section of hard-rock tunnel in coal mine by combination of fully-mechanized tunneling and blasting driving | |
| CN110879026B (en) | Excavation and cut blasting method suitable for high-plasticity low-strength rock tunnel | |
| CN112797848B (en) | Energy-gathering explosive package device and roadway blasting forming method | |
| CN105091682A (en) | Axial pre-casting blast hole of reinforced concrete column and demolition blasting method | |
| CN113804071A (en) | Underground mine medium-length hole blasting well forming technology | |
| CN108952726B (en) | Method for perforating upper and lower adjacent steps in deep hole blasting in surface mining in staggered mode | |
| CN115325894A (en) | Three-order cut blasting structure and blasting method for ultra-hard rock tunnel | |
| CN114485304A (en) | Simple light explosion drilling and charging method for medium-hard rock | |
| CN112432570B (en) | Controlled blasting construction method for vertical shaft wall beam nest | |
| CN105333779A (en) | Different-level millisecond underholing blasting technology for hard rock tunnel | |
| CN201687394U (en) | Secondary slotting drill | |
| CN111595214A (en) | Small-hole reinforced cracking explosive column and single-face annular joint-cutting explosive column combined cutting method | |
| CN102927863B (en) | A kind of new method of total rock tunnel blasting construction | |
| CN113202474B (en) | Blasting method for protecting eyebrow line by sectional caving method | |
| CN105486181A (en) | Vertical shaft deep-hole sectional blasting method | |
| CN110906818A (en) | Rock roadway tunneling major-diameter cut blasting process | |
| CN109900175A (en) | The low damage blasting method of underground mine tunnelling | |
| CN1556367A (en) | Medium deep hole explosion energy focusing flat bottom bullet and use method | |
| CN111637804A (en) | Undermining method for reinforcing cracking explosive column by filling small holes in segmented mode in central undermining hole |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |