CN105937395A - Fast and highly-efficient tunneling method for large section of hard-rock tunnel in coal mine by combination of fully-mechanized tunneling and blasting driving - Google Patents
Fast and highly-efficient tunneling method for large section of hard-rock tunnel in coal mine by combination of fully-mechanized tunneling and blasting driving Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013139 quantization Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010437 gem Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001751 gemstone Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102000016938 Catalase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010053835 Catalase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000233633 Phytophthora drechsleri Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fast and highly-efficient tunneling method for a large section of a hard-rock tunnel in a coal mine by combination of fully-mechanized tunneling and blasting driving. As shown in the figure 1, a cut hole with the borehole diameter of Phi 40.0 mm and a reliever hole with the charge diameter of Phi 35.0 mm are arranged in the section of the hard-rock tunnel with the protodyakonov coefficient f larger than 10.0 for digging out a groove cavity with s approximately equal to 14.0 m<2>. As shown in the figure 2, the cut hole adopts a three-stage oblique cut with stages deepening and angles of inclination increasing stage by stage. The consumption of charge in unit volume is determined based on the hard-rock protodyakonov coefficient and shot hole depth according to quantification of the figure 3. Three stages of oblique cuts respectively select I, III, IV-section millisecond delay detonators. A V-section millisecond delay detonator is selected by the reliever hole. The oblique cuts and the whole section of the reliever hole are detonated once with the total delay time no more than 130.0ms. After the groove cavity is formed in a blasting method. The reasonable tooth parameters are selected to rapidly expand the groove cavity to the design section and contour is finished under effect of a free surface of a fully-mechanized coal winning machine. Due to millisecond delay detonation of the oblique cut in three stages and larger borehole diameter, stemming is blocked to increase so that rocks do not affect the fully-mechanized coal winning machine after the working surface during the throwing process. The safe and efficient effect can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
Patent of the present invention relates to a kind of colliery big cross section hard-rock tunnel rapidly and efficiently driving method, is specifically related to a kind of comprehensive pick pick with big gun and combines for colliery big cross section hard-rock tunnel rapidly and efficiently driving method.
Background technology
Combine pick owing to driving speed is fast, drivage efficiency is high is widely used in tunnelling, but for the bigger rock of hardness, advantage is the most inconspicuous, significantly reduces for solid rock, driving speed and efficiency and even cannot normally tunnel.Engineering practice shows: combine pick effect during rock Protodyakonov coefficient f < 6.0 obvious;Combine pick speed as f=6.0~8.0 and efficiency has certain reduction;Combine pick effect to be decreased obviously as f=8.0~10.0;As f > 10.0, owing to cutter tooth cannot form notch in drift section, it is virtually impossible to combine pick, it is necessary to use big gun pick.When the hard rock big gun of f > 10.0 is dug, when drift section increases to a certain degree, owing to borehole number is more, by exploder once detonation detonator number quantitative limitation, it is necessary to detonating repeatedly, it is impossible to accomplish tunneling boring once detonation;As the hard-rock tunnel section s >=14.0m of f > 10.0 in engineering practice2Time, it is necessary to detonating repeatedly, there is potential safety hazard, drivage efficiency and speed substantially reduce simultaneously;For there being the tunnel of gas, always being delayed by short-delay blasting to be impermissible for being limited more than 130.0ms, short-delay blasting detonator hop count not can exceed that 5 sections, has a strong impact on hard rock big gun pick speed and efficiency.Engineering practice shows: the drill footage per month of big cross section hard rock big gun pick at present is less than 40.0m, digging numerous imbalances, it has also become the principal element that restriction coal high-yield and high-efficiency produces, and big cross section hard-rock tunnel speedy drivage becomes the problem that high yield and high efficiency mine must first have to solve.Comprehensive pick is used among big cross section hard-rock tunnel driving with big gun pick combination by patent of the present invention, in the middle part of drift section, certain limit vallecular cavity is formed initially with blasting procedure, then, use comprehensive pick method expansion vallecular cavity to designing drift section, reach high efficient driving effect safely and fast.
Summary of the invention
For reaching colliery big cross section hard-rock tunnel safe and efficient speedy drivage effect, patent of the present invention is a kind of method big gun pick in tunnel being combined with comprehensive pick and carrying out tunnelling.
The technical scheme that patent of the present invention is taked by realizing its purpose is: a kind of colliery big cross section hard-rock tunnel is combined pick and combined rapidly and efficiently driving method with big gun pick, mainly include blasting procedure driving vallecular cavity in the middle part of tunnel, combine pick method and expand vallecular cavity to the regular large section roadway of design forming.
Vallecular cavity is tunneled: according to current tunneling boring once detonation technology and optimum blasting effect requirements, blasting procedure excavation area s in the middle part of big cross section hard-rock tunnel in the middle part of described blasting procedure tunnel1≈14.0m2Vallecular cavity.
Described comprehensive pick method expands vallecular cavity to the regular large section roadway of design forming: after in the middle part of tunnel, vallecular cavity is formed, selecting reasonable fully-mechanized digging machine cutter tooth parameter, fully-mechanized digging machine is fly-cutting rock extension vallecular cavity scope extremely whole excavated section the large section roadway regular to tunnel-surrounding finishing formation under the vallecular cavity scope of freedom in a big way acts on.
The beneficial effect of patent of the present invention
Periphery hole spacing is little, normally only at about 400.0mm, owing to periphery hole is cancelled, decreases the borehole number of nearly 40.0%, and jewel hole workload and time significantly reduce;Snubber divides 3 sections to detonate, and adds snubber and delays the time, it is ensured that slotting effect, snubber blast hole utilization factor is up to 90.0%;Decreasing single detonating charge amount, Cut Blasting avalanche rock sprinkling is less than 10.0m, it is ensured that fully-mechanized digging machine safety;Detonate total extension time less than 130.0ms, it is ensured that gas roadway construction safety.Comparing with tunneling boring big gun pick by several times, cyclic advance adds about 100.0%.Although the application combining pick operation adds tunnel and combines the pick time, but eliminating periphery hole drilling time and decrease reliever drilling time, on the whole, tunnelling speed improves about 100.0% simultaneously, excavation efficiency increases about 120.0%, and direct cost declines 80.0%.
Attached FigureTable explanation
Below in conjunction withAccompanying drawingWith detailed description of the invention, patent of the present invention is further illustrated.
Figure 1Driving signal is combined with combining pick for the pick of big cross section hard-rock tunnel big gunFigure;
Figure 2Vallecular cavity explosion is tunneled for big cross section hard-rock tunnel blasting procedureFigureTable;
Figure 3Calculate for big cross section hard-rock tunnel vallecular cavity big gun pick snubber unit volume amount of consumption of drugs;
Figure 4Go up a hill for the transport of exploiting field, ore deposit 101, Yuan shop two and crossdrift big cross section hard-rock tunnel full-face blast sinking and blasting by several timesFigureTable;In figure: I, blasting procedure driving vallecular cavity, II, comprehensive pick method extension vallecular cavity.
Figure 1Driving signal is combined with combining pick for the pick of big cross section hard-rock tunnel big gunFigure: blasting procedure driving area s ≈ 14.0m2Vallecular cavity I, after using fully-mechanized digging machine muck mechanism to dig big gun, fractured rock ships, and after cleaning out vallecular cavity I, forms free space in a big way;Rational fully-mechanized digging machine cutter tooth parameter is selected owing to the scope of freedom exists, drift section II is cut with fully-mechanized digging machine, advance along vallecular cavity to drift section contour line, depth of cut takes 150.0-200.0mm according to hard rock Protodyakonov coefficient is unusual, with fully-mechanized digging machine, drift section is trimmed to the drift section of design, avoid big gun pick that roadway surrounding rock is damaged, reach more preferable effect than photoface exploision, save periphery hole and part reliever, significantly reduce big gun pick borehole number, accomplish that part full face blasting dug by vallecular cavity big gun;Meanwhile, vallecular cavity existence makes vallecular cavity outer II part combine pick speed and efficiency significantly improves.
Detailed description of the invention
Figure 2Explosion for blasting procedure driving vallecular cavity IFigureTable: borehole arranges point snubber and reliever two parts, snubber divides three grades of slottings, every grade of cut shot is deepened step by step, inclination angle is gradually increased, one-level slotting and two grades of slottings use 50.0ms to delay, i.e. one-level slotting selects I section millisecond detonator, two grades of slottings select ii I section millisecond detonator, three grades of slottings select iv section millisecond detonator, according to borehole depth and formation hardness i.e. Protodyakonov coefficient more Quantitatively Selecting snubber unit volume amount of consumption of drugs, according to unit volume amount of consumption of drugs, the shot rock volume of every big gun hole burden determines snubber single hole explosive payload, reliever selects the 5th section of detonator to detonate with section, snubber and 5 sections of millisecond extension once detonations of reliever, total extension about 100.0ms, less than 130.0ms.For abundant fractured rock and guarantee there are enough stemming stemming lengths, change Φ 32.0mm slim hole the most conventional in engineering and Φ 27.0mm small diameter medicine roll, select Φ 40.0mm diameter bores and Φ 35.0mm diameter powder stick;Changing the borehole depth that in engineering, the pick of big cross section hard rock big gun is conventional is about 1.5-1.8m short hole blasting mode, and according to section size and normal cyclic, selecting borehole depth is 2.2-2.5m medium-length hole blasting.Three grades of slotting application of snubber, the more quantitative estimation of snubber explosive payload, big-hole drilling diameter and longer stemming stemming length guarantee snubber shot rock to disperse not to damage fully-mechanized digging machine.
Figure 3Calculate for big cross section hard-rock tunnel vallecular cavity big gun pick snubber unit volume amount of consumption of drugs: snubber explosive payload is the most notable factor affecting Cut Blasting effect and shotfiring safety, explosive payload meeting on the high side makes rock throwing damage fully-mechanized digging machine too far, explosive payload is on the low side not to be reached expection slotting effect and affects P. drechsleri drilling depth, and the present invention determines snubber unit volume amount of consumption of drugs according to general hard rock Protodyakonov coefficient and snubber borehole depth.
As a example by exploiting field, Yuan Dianer ore deposit 101, Northern Huaihe River Anhui mining area transport bord-up driving.
(1) former tunnelling method
The transport of exploiting field, ore deposit 101, Yuan shop two is gone up a hill and crossdrift is mainly used in layer tunnel of wearing of Coal Transportation, and designs total length 979.0m, floor level between-532.0~-523.0m, buried depth about 530.0m.Roadway surrounding rock is the hard sandstone of hardness f ≈ 10.0, tunnel area s ≈ 36.0m2, owing to formation hardness is big, selecting blasting procedure driving, drift section and the pick rock burst of design are brokenFigureTableSuch as figure 4null,Aqueous gels conventional in engineering selected by explosive,The borehole number 96 of design,The capacity that detonates of exploder can not accomplish tunneling boring once detonation,Must not detonate regardless of 2 times,By detonating, TF is limited,Snubber detonates only with one section of detonator of same section simultaneously,25.0ms is differed only by with the neighbouring reliever detonated extension time difference of detonating,Slotting effect is poor,Snubber borehole diameter and charge diameter are respectively Φ 32.0mm and Φ 27.0mm,Owing to borehole diameter and charge diameter are little,The substantially requirement not of single hole explosive payload and stemming stemming length,The snubber of borehole depth 2.1m only has the cut depth of 1.2m,Slotting can not be effectively formed,Reliever cannot be effectively to catalase,Less than normal due to reliever single hole explosive payload and stemming stemming length again,Reliever can not effectively make slotting extend and extension,Do not have due effect,General cyclic advance only about 1.2m,Explosive energy rock can not be made effectively broken and for rock throwing.Drill footage per month about 40.0m, driving speed and inefficient, rock throwing there is also potential safety hazard too far.
(2) combine pick and dig associating speedy drivage method with big gun
The problem existed for former development blasting, uses comprehensive pick and big gun pick associating speedy drivage method that patent of the present invention uses instead.Such as figure 1, use blasting procedure driving vallecular cavity I, combine pick method driving rock mass II, owing to drift section is relatively big, for meeting normal cyclic, taking cyclic advance is about 2.0m.Such as figure 2, explosive still selects aqueous gels, point three grades of slottings, and cut shot diameter and charge diameter are respectively Φ 40.0mm and Φ 35.0mm, and cut depth is respectively 1.2m, 1.8m, 2.5m;Slotting inclination angle is respectively 82 °, 85 °, 88 °;According toFigure 3More quantitatively determine every grade of slotting single hole explosive payload and be respectively 0.2kg, 0.44kg, 1.04kg;Every grade of slotting stemming stemming length is respectively 1.1m, 1.4m, 1.0m;Reliever borehole diameter and charge diameter are also respectively Φ 40.0mm and Φ 35.0mm, and owing to Cut Blasting preferably produces a desired effect, after slotting is formed, reliever detonates, and broken rock condition is preferable, selectsSuch as figure 2Reliever blasting parameter preferably can reach safe and efficient purpose by avalanche rock.Snubber selects I section, ii I section, iv section detonator delay initiation in three times, and one-level slotting and two grades of slotting time delay 50.0ms, and detonating delay time is reasonable, and slotting is effective;Reliever selects V section to detonate simultaneously, the delay initiation while that total borehole dividing 5 sections, and total time delay is less than 130.0ms.
During full-face blast driving, for reaching the smooth effect of peripheral profile, periphery hole uses Smooth Blasting Prameter Design, and spacing is less, and borehole number is many, and end eye clamping action also uses greatly the cloth eye mode of little spacing;Selecting comprehensive pick and big gun to dig associating tunneling method, cancel periphery hole, reduce part reliever, borehole number minimizing 49, often circulation reduces jewel hole and about 6.0 hours powder charge time, and often pick time increase about 4.0 hours is combined in circulation, and total piercing technique time shortens.The most key is that cyclic advance significantly improves, and every cyclic advance is up to about 2.0m, and every day, 1.5 normal cyclic, monthly counted for 25 days, and drill footage per month significantly improves up to 80.0m, driving speed and efficiency.
Claims (4)
1. a colliery big cross section hard-rock tunnel is combined to dig and is combined rapidly and efficiently driving method with big gun pick, in being mainly included in the hard-rock tunnel section of rock Protodyakonov coefficient f > 10.0, blasting procedure tunnels a range of vallecular cavity, and fully-mechanized digging machine extension vallecular cavity to design section and repairs drift section to design section.
2.According to claimMethod described in 1, is characterized in that: in hard-rock tunnel section, blasting procedure driving vallecular cavity scope is typically at 14.0m2Left and right is to meet initiator once detonation Capability Requirement, divide snubber Cut Blasting and reliever break up blasting, borehole depth typically in 2.2-2.5m scope to meet normal cyclic and speedy drivage requirement, borehole diameter and charge diameter respectively Φ 40.0mm, Φ 35.0mm to meet hard rock single hole explosive payload and stemming stemming length requirement.Slotting divides three grades of angled cuts, and every grade of slotting is deepened successively, and inclination angle is strengthened successively;Snubber unit volume amount of consumption of drugs is pressed according to hard rock hardness and borehole depthFigure 3Quantization is chosen, and every grade of single hole explosive payload quantifies to determine according to fractured rock volume and unit volume amount of consumption of drugs;Three grades of slottings are respectively adopted I section, ii I section detonator, iv section detonator millisecond delay initiation, reliever V section detonator millisecond delay initiation, snubber, five sections of detonator millisecond extension once detonations of reliever.
3.According to claimMethod described in 1, is characterized in that: blasting procedure driving vallecular cavity blast hole utilization factor reaches about 80.0%, and cyclic advance meets normal cyclic speedy drivage requirement, and after explosion, rock sprinkling will not damage development end rear fully-mechanized digging machine.
4.According to claimMethod described in 1, it is characterized in that: the vallecular cavity formed after development blasting provides sufficiently large freedom in minor affairs face for fully-mechanized digging machine, selecting reasonable fully-mechanized digging machine cutter tooth parameter, under the vallecular cavity scope of freedom acts on, fully-mechanized digging machine can be with speedy drivage by vallecular cavity extension the drift section of deburring extremely design.
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CN107036495A (en) * | 2017-04-11 | 2017-08-11 | 北京国岩华北技术检测有限公司 | Hyperboloid of one sheet reaming chock blasting method from the bottom of one's heart |
CN108266190A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-07-10 | 中铁隆工程集团有限公司 | A kind of hard rock tunnel construction method |
CN108316932A (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2018-07-24 | 山西坤谷矿山装备科技有限公司 | The quick slotting device of stone drifting large pore keyhole |
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