CN104879128A - Steep-dip ultra-thick coalbed mining technique based on top-coal advancing pre-detonation weakening - Google Patents
Steep-dip ultra-thick coalbed mining technique based on top-coal advancing pre-detonation weakening Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 282
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 192
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 122
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 75
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 25
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- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 16
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- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a steep-dip ultra-thick coalbed mining technique based on top-coal advancing pre-detonation weakening. The steep-dip ultra-thick coalbed mining technique includes exploiting steep-dip ultra-thick coalbed from back to front along coalbed bearing in several exploiting periods. In one of the exploiting period, the steps include firstly, constructing a roadway; secondly, weakening top-coal advancing pre-detonation, to be specifically, 201, determining a coalbed to be detonated; 202, drilling blast holes from an intake airflow road by a drilling machine; 203, charging and sealing the blast holes; 204, detonating for the first time; 205, detonating for the second time; thirdly, exploiting the coalbed; fourthly starting the next exploiting period; repeating the fourth step for many times until the steep-dip ultra-thick coalbed is completely exploited. The steep-dip ultra-thick coalbed mining technique is simple in steps, reasonable in design, high in exploitation efficiency and working-face recovery ratio, and good in using effect, and the problem that an existing mining technique is complicated, low in working-face recovery ratio and low in exploitation efficiency and causes many potential safety hazards is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a coal mining process, in particular to a coal mining process of a steep-dip extra-thick coal seam based on top coal advanced pre-explosion weakening.
Background
The top coal caving mining method is that when thick coal seam is mined, a coal face with mining height of 2-3 m is arranged along the bottom plate of the coal seam or the bottom of the coal seam within a certain thickness range, mining is carried out in a comprehensive mechanical mode, top coal is broken into discrete bodies by using the action of mine pressure or assisting methods such as loose blasting and the like, and then the top coal is discharged from a coal discharging window behind or above a support and is conveyed out of the working face by a scraper conveyor. With reference to fig. 1-1 and fig. 1-2, currently, when mining a steeply inclined ultra-thick coal seam (a coal seam with a coal seam inclination angle of more than 45 ° and a coal seam thickness of more than 8 m), the adopted coal mining process is as follows: firstly, stopping production of a coal face 1-1, and drilling holes above an adopted face support 1 by using a rock electric drill; then, manually filling emulsion explosive by using a gun rod, and manually sealing holes by using the gun rod; then, detonating and blasting; finally, coal mining and coal caving of the working face are recovered after the blasting smoke is scattered, so that a coal mining working cycle is completed, the coal mining working face 1-1 is pushed forward, and the coal mining working face 1-1 is a machine mining working face mined by a coal mining machine 1-2; and then, completing the next coal mining working cycle according to the working procedures of drilling, charging, hole sealing, blasting, coal mining and coal caving. However, when the existing coal mining technology is adopted for top coal caving mining, two rows of blast holes are usually arranged on a coal face, each row of blast holes comprises a plurality of blast holes arranged from left to right, the two rows of blast holes are arranged in a staggered manner and respectively comprise a front row of blast holes 2-1 and a rear row of blast holes 2-2 positioned at the rear side of the front row of blast holes, wherein the rear row of blast holes 2-2 is positioned above a working face bracket 1, and the front row of blast holes 2-1 is positioned above the front side of the working face bracket 1; emulsion explosives are adopted in each blasting hole, the explosive charging structure adopts reverse explosive charging, six sections of big explosive are combined into a group and matched with one section of primer, each section of primer is provided with a detonator, and primer detonator wires are connected in parallel; the sealing hole adopts the loess roll with the same specification as the explosive roll; when actual detonation is carried out, every 3 blastholes from left to right are detonated in series, and the detonation mode is that after punching and charging, a cutter is pushed and then blasting is carried out. In the actual construction process, the coal mining process has the following problems: firstly, the recovery rate of a working face is low, the potential safety hazard is high, and the loss of coal resources is large; secondly, the production process is complicated, and the continuity and the propulsion speed of production cannot be guaranteed; thirdly, the production process does not completely realize mechanization, and the working efficiency is lower.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art, and provides a coal mining process for a steep extra-thick coal seam based on top coal advanced pre-explosion weakening, which has the advantages of simple process steps, reasonable design, high mining efficiency, high working face recovery rate and good use effect, and can solve the problems of complex process, low working face recovery rate, multiple potential safety hazards, low mining efficiency and the like in the conventional coal mining process.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the utility model provides a coal mining technology of steeply inclined super thick coal seam based on top coal advanced pre-explosion weakening, the coal seam that steeply inclined super thick coal seam that minees is more than 45 and more than 8m of coal seam inclination, its characterized in that: mining the steeply inclined extra-thick coal seam by dividing the steeply inclined extra-thick coal seam into a plurality of mining sections from back to front along the coal seam trend, wherein the mining methods of the plurality of mining sections are the same, and the lengths of the mining sections along the coal seam trend are all L, wherein L is 30-50 m; when a mining section of the steep extra-thick coal seam is mined, the process is as follows:
step one, roadway construction: constructing a ventilation tunnel on the left side and the right side of the lower part of the current mining section respectively, wherein the two ventilation tunnels are an air inlet tunnel and an air return tunnel respectively;
step two, top coal advanced pre-explosion weakening: and (3) carrying out top coal advanced pre-explosion weakening on the current mining section, wherein the process is as follows:
step 201, determining a coal seam to be blasted: respectively determining the top and bottom heights of the coal seam to be blasted of the current mining section according to the thickness of the reserved top-protecting coal seam and the working face mining height in the mining process of the current mining section which are designed in advance;
the top coal above the stope face of the current mining section is divided into three coal seams, namely a top protecting coal seam, a coal seam to be blasted and a working face protecting coal seam from bottom to top, wherein the coal seam to be blasted is positioned between the top protecting coal seam and the working face protecting coal seam; the stope face of the current mining section is the current stope face;
step 202, drilling a blast hole: firstly, selecting a plurality of blasting surfaces on a coal seam to be blasted in front of a current stope face along the advancing direction of the working face, wherein the plurality of blasting surfaces are arranged from front to back and are planes which are arranged in a manner of being vertical to the advancing direction of the working face, and the distance between every two adjacent blasting surfaces is 3-5 m; the plurality of blasting surfaces comprise a plurality of first blasting surfaces and a plurality of second blasting surfaces, and the first blasting surfaces and the second blasting surfaces are distributed in a staggered manner; secondly, drilling a plurality of first blast holes on each first blasting surface from back to front and a plurality of second blast holes on each second blasting surface from back to front by using a drilling machine from the air inlet lane constructed in the first step, wherein the first blast holes are distributed in a fan shape and are distributed from back to front along the anticlockwise direction, and the second blast holes are distributed in a fan shape and are distributed from back to front along the anticlockwise direction; the first blast hole and the second blast hole are both blast holes which gradually incline upwards from back to front; therefore, the first blast hole 7 and the second blast hole 8 are blast holes which are drilled into the coal seam 9 to be blasted from the back to the front from the air inlet tunnel 3;
step 203, charging and hole sealing: filling explosives to the upper parts of the inner sides of all the first blast holes and all the second blast holes in the step 202, wherein the sections filled with the explosives in the first blast holes and the second blast holes are explosive sections; after charging is finished, sealing the first blast holes and the second blast holes respectively;
the charge sections of the first blast hole and the second blast hole are positioned in the coal seam to be blasted;
step 204, first blasting: detonating a plurality of first blast holes on the first blasting surface from back to front along the advancing direction of the working face, and blasting the coal seam to be blasted of the current mining section for the first time;
step 205, second blasting: detonating a plurality of second blast holes on the second blasting surface from back to front along the advancing direction of the working surface, and blasting the coal seam to be blasted of the current mining section for the second time;
step three, coal seam mining: carrying out stoping on the current mining section from front to back along the coal seam trend according to a caving coal mining method until the mining process of the current mining section is completed;
step four, mining the next mining section: mining the next mining section according to the method described in steps one through three;
and fifthly, repeating the step four for multiple times until the whole mining process of the steeply inclined super-thick coal seam is completed.
The coal mining process of the steeply inclined extra-thick coal seam based on top coal advanced pre-explosion weakening is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in step 202, the aperture diameters of the first blast hole and the second blast hole are phi 100 mm-phi 120 mm.
The coal mining process of the steeply inclined extra-thick coal seam based on top coal advanced pre-explosion weakening is characterized by comprising the following steps of: when the blast hole is drilled in the step 202, drilling by adopting a ZDY-800 type drilling machine; and in the step 203, when charging and hole sealing are carried out, a BCJ-5 type charging machine is adopted for carrying out forward charging, and a BQF-100 hole sealing device is adopted for carrying out hole sealing.
The coal mining process of the steeply inclined extra-thick coal seam based on top coal advanced pre-explosion weakening is characterized by comprising the following steps of: before the position of the coal seam to be blasted is determined in the step 201, determining an advanced pre-blasting area of a current mining section;
when an advanced pre-explosion area of a current mining section is determined, determining the front end position and the rear end position of the advanced pre-explosion area according to the mining influence range of a current stope face;
the advanced pre-explosion area is positioned in front of the current stope face and has a length L0 (L-L) in the advancing direction of the stope face0The distances between the front end and the rear end of the advanced pre-explosion area and the current stope face are respectively L and L0(ii) a Wherein l0The length of the mining influence range of the current stope working face along the advancing direction of the working face;
in step 202, a plurality of the blast surfaces are all located in the advanced pre-detonation zone.
The coal mining process of the steeply inclined extra-thick coal seam based on top coal advanced pre-explosion weakening is characterized by comprising the following steps of: when the current mining section is mined from front to back in the third step, a roadway protection coal pillar is reserved on the inner sides of the air inlet roadway and the air return roadway, and the advanced pre-explosion area is located between the two roadway protection coal pillars;
when the advanced pre-explosion area of the current mining section is determined, determining the boundary lines at two sides of the advanced pre-explosion area according to the width of a roadway protection coal pillar reserved on the inner sides of a pre-designed air inlet roadway and a pre-designed air return roadway; boundary lines on two sides of the advanced pre-explosion area are a boundary line L1 and a boundary line L2 respectively, wherein the boundary line L1 is a boundary line close to one side of the air inlet lane, and the boundary line L2 is a boundary line close to one side of the air return lane.
The coal mining process of the steeply inclined extra-thick coal seam based on top coal advanced pre-explosion weakening is characterized by comprising the following steps of: when the mining influence range of the current stope face is determined, monitoring the supporting pressure of a coal body in front of the current stope face, and determining the mining influence range according to the monitoring result; the advanced pre-explosion area is a stress balance area with stable change of supporting pressure and the change amplitude of the supporting pressure less than 0.5MPa, and the mining influence range is an area with violent change of the supporting pressure and the change amplitude of the supporting pressure not less than 0.5 MPa;
when the supporting pressure of the coal body in front of the current stope face is monitored, a plurality of roof pressure monitors are arranged in the coal body in front of the current stope face to monitor.
The coal mining process of the steeply inclined extra-thick coal seam based on top coal advanced pre-explosion weakening is characterized by comprising the following steps of: l is0＝8m～12m。
The coal mining process of the steeply inclined extra-thick coal seam based on top coal advanced pre-explosion weakening is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in step 202, the number of first blast holes drilled in the first blasting surfaces and the arrangement positions and structures of the first blast holes are the same, the number of second blast holes drilled in the second blasting surfaces and the arrangement positions and structures of the second blast holes are the same, and the first blast holes drilled in the first blasting surfaces and the second blast holes drilled in the second blasting surfaces are arranged in a staggered manner;
the number of the first blast holes drilled in each first blasting surface is four, the four first blast holes are respectively a 1# blast hole, A3 # blast hole, a 5# blast hole and a 7# blast hole from back to front along the counterclockwise direction, and included angles between the 1# blast hole, the 3# blast hole, the 5# blast hole and the 7# blast hole and the horizontal plane are respectively A1, A3, A5 and A7;
the number of second blast holes drilled in each second blasting surface is four, the four second blast holes are respectively a No. 2 blast hole, a No. 4 blast hole, a No. 6 blast hole and a No. 8 blast hole from back to front along the counterclockwise direction, and included angles between the No. 2 blast hole, the No. 4 blast hole, the No. 6 blast hole and the No. 8 blast hole and the horizontal plane are respectively A2, A4, A6 and A8; wherein A1 & gtA 2 & gtA 3 & gtA 4 & gtA 5 & gtA 6 & gtA 7 & gtA 8.
The coal mining process of the steeply inclined extra-thick coal seam based on top coal advanced pre-explosion weakening is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the top ends of the No. 1 blast hole, the No. 2 blast hole, the No. 3 blast hole, the No. 4 blast hole, the No. 5 blast hole and the No. 6 blast hole are all level with the top of the coal seam to be blasted, the explosive charging sections of the No. 1 blast hole, the No. 2 blast hole, the No. 3 blast hole, the No. 4 blast hole, the No. 5 blast hole, the No. 6 blast hole and the No. 7 blast hole are all located between boundary lines on two sides of the advanced pre-explosion area, the top end of the explosive charging section of the No. 1 blast hole is located on the front side of the bottom end of the explosive charging section of the No. 2 blast hole, the top end of the explosive charging section of the No. 2 blast hole is located on the front side of the bottom end of the explosive charging section of the No. 3 blast hole, the top end of the explosive charging section of the No. 3 blast hole is located on the front side of the bottom end of the explosive charging section of the No. 4 blast hole, the top end of the explosive charging section of the No. 4 blast hole is located on the front side of the bottom end of the explosive charging section of the No. 5 blast hole; the bottom end of the charging section of the 1# blast hole is flush with the boundary line L1, the top end of the charging section of the 8# blast hole is flush with the boundary line L2, and the top end of the charging section of the 7# blast hole is located below the top of the coal seam to be blasted and is located in a roadway protection coal pillar reserved on the inner side of the return airway.
The coal mining process of the steeply inclined extra-thick coal seam based on top coal advanced pre-explosion weakening is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in step 202, the number of the first blast holes drilled on the plurality of first blasting surfaces and the arrangement positions and structures of the first blast holes are the same, the number of the second blast holes drilled on the plurality of second blasting surfaces and the arrangement positions and structures of the second blast holes are the same, and the first blast holes drilled on the first blasting surfaces and the second blast holes drilled on the second blasting surfaces are arranged in a staggered manner.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the method has the advantages of simple process steps, reasonable design, convenient realization and low input cost.
2. The mining efficiency is high, and the construction period can be effectively shortened.
3. The advanced pre-blasting net is reasonable in structural design, convenient to drill and good in using effect, an advanced pre-blasting area is divided into a plurality of blasting surfaces, the blasting surfaces are arranged from front to back and are all planes which are arranged vertically to the propelling direction of a working surface, the blasting surfaces are divided into a first blasting surface and a second blasting surface, and the first blasting surface and the second blasting surface are arranged in a staggered mode; a plurality of first blast holes are drilled in each first blasting face, a plurality of second blast holes are drilled in each second blasting face, the first drilling holes and the second drilling holes are formed by drilling inwards from an air inlet roadway after construction by a drilling machine, the first blast holes are arranged in a fan shape and are arranged in the front of the rear direction along the anticlockwise direction, the second blast holes are arranged in a fan shape and are arranged in the front of the rear direction along the anticlockwise direction, and the first blast holes and the second blast holes are blast holes which are gradually inclined upwards from the rear to the front. Therefore, the drilling construction is convenient, the blasting is successively carried out twice, the number of blast holes can be effectively reduced while the top coal pre-splitting effect is ensured, the time and the cost of manpower and material resources are saved, and the mining efficiency can be greatly accelerated. Meanwhile, due to the fact that the number of the blast holes is reduced, the distance between every two adjacent primary blast holes and the distance between every two adjacent secondary blast holes are correspondingly increased, and damage of the drilling blast holes to the air inlet lane can be effectively reduced.
4. The adopted top coal advanced pre-explosion weakening method has the advantages of simple steps, reasonable design, convenient realization, good use effect and reasonable design of all working procedures, and all working procedures of top coal advanced pre-explosion weakening are implemented in the air inlet roadway, so that the construction is convenient, the construction equipment is simple and convenient to shift, labor and time are saved, and the construction progress is fast. In addition, the construction equipment adopted in the advanced pre-explosion weakening process of the top coal is few, the operation is simple and convenient, and the mechanized continuous operation can be comprehensively realized.
5. Before the top coal advanced pre-explosion is weakened, determining the position of an advanced pre-explosion area, specifically determining the boundary line of the advanced pre-explosion area in the height direction (namely the direction vertical to the advancing direction of a working face), the advancing direction of the working face and the length direction of the working face respectively, wherein the boundary line in the height direction of the advanced pre-explosion area is consistent with the height of the top bottom of a coal seam to be blasted. And when the position of the advanced pre-explosion area is determined, the adopted method is reasonable and convenient to realize, and the using effect is good.
6. The mining process is safe and reliable, has less potential safety hazard, and meets the regulations of the Ministry of safety production supervision and administration in 2006 and the Ministry of coal mine safety supervision, article 68 of coal mine safety regulations for implementation and modification.
7. The whole mining process is simple and reasonable in design, the steeply inclined super-thick coal seam is mined from a plurality of mining sections behind to front along the advancing direction of the working face, and each mining section comprises three procedures of roadway construction, advanced pre-explosion weakening of top coal and coal seam mining, so that the existing steeply inclined super-thick coal seam mining process is integrally optimized, the existing steeply inclined super-thick coal seam mining process is substantially adjusted, the production continuity of the working face is improved, the advancing speed of the working face is accelerated, the comprehensive mechanical operation and uninterrupted implementation of each procedure are realized, and the problems that the existing coal mining process is low in working face recovery rate, high in potential safety hazard, large in coal resource loss, complicated in production procedures, incapable of guaranteeing the production continuity and advancing speed and the like can be effectively solved. Meanwhile, the recovery rate of the working face is high, the dust concentration of the working flour can be effectively reduced, the health of operators is guaranteed, the production yield is improved, and the production cost is greatly reduced.
8. The use effect is good, the practical value is high, the popularization and application prospect is wide, and the method is mainly embodied in the following aspects: firstly, the blasting cost is obviously reduced: because the number of blast holes is small and the positions of the blast holes and the charge amount are reasonably designed, the consumption of blasting materials is greatly reduced, and the cost consumption per ton of coal is reduced from the highest 4.469 yuan to 1.731 yuan. The consumption of blasting materials is reduced by 13.4 percent compared with that of blasting before a frame is adopted; secondly, the construction efficiency is greatly improved, and comprehensive mechanical operation is realized; thirdly, the production time and the progress of propulsion are improved: because the whole mining process is optimized, the production processes are not interfered with each other, the production time balance and the continuity are improved, the daily pushing rate is increased from 2.4 meters to 3.0 meters, and the pushing rate is increased by 25 percent. The production time is obviously improved by more than 20 percent; fourthly, the labor intensity of workers is also obviously reduced. Therefore, the invention has the advantages of low material consumption, reasonable process design, remarkably improved pushing progress and production persistence, remarkably improved main economic and technical indexes such as comprehensive cost, extraction rate and the like, remarkable economic and social benefits and great popularization and application values.
In conclusion, the method has the advantages of simple process steps, reasonable design, high mining efficiency, high working face recovery rate and good use effect, and can solve the problems of complex process, low working face recovery rate, more potential safety hazards, low mining efficiency and the like in the conventional coal mining process.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1-1 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement position of blastholes adopted by the existing caving coal mining process.
Fig. 1-2 is a cross-sectional view a-a of fig. 1-1.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the process flow of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement positions of the first blast hole and the second blast hole drilled by the invention in the direction vertical to the advancing direction of the working face.
Fig. 4 is a schematic plan view of the charge segments of the present invention drilled into a first borehole and a second borehole in the direction of face advancement.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the variation of the bearing pressure of the coal in front of the stope face monitored by the roof pressure monitor according to the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-a working face support; 1-coal face; 1-2-coal mining machine;
2-1-front row of blast holes; 2-back row blast holes; 3-air inlet lane;
4-return airway; 5, protecting a top coal seam; 6-roadway protecting coal pillars;
7-a first blast hole; 8-second blast hole; 9-coal layer to be blasted;
10-protecting the coal seam on the working face; 11-current stope face; 12-1-charge hole section;
12-2-hole sealing hole section.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 2, the mining process of the steeply inclined extra-thick coal seam based on top coal advanced pre-explosion weakening is that the steeply inclined extra-thick coal seam is a coal seam with a coal seam inclination angle of more than 45 degrees and a coal seam thickness of more than 8 m; when the steeply inclined super-thick coal seam is mined, the steeply inclined super-thick coal seam is mined by dividing a plurality of mining sections from back to front along the direction of the coal seam, the mining methods of the mining sections are the same, and the lengths of the mining sections along the direction of the coal seam are all L, wherein L is 30-50 m; when a mining section of the steep extra-thick coal seam is mined, the process is as follows:
step one, roadway construction: and constructing a ventilation tunnel on the left side and the right side of the lower part of the current mining section respectively, wherein the two ventilation tunnels are an air inlet tunnel 3 and an air return tunnel 4 respectively.
Step two, top coal advanced pre-explosion weakening: and (3) carrying out top coal advanced pre-explosion weakening on the current mining section, wherein the process is as follows:
step 201, determining a coal seam to be blasted: respectively determining the top and bottom heights of the coal seam 9 to be blasted of the current mining section according to the thickness of the reserved top-protecting coal seam 5 and the mining height of the working face in the mining process of the current mining section which are designed in advance;
top coal above a stope face of a current mining section is divided into three coal seams, namely a top protecting coal seam 5, a coal seam to be blasted 9 and a working face protecting coal seam 10 from bottom to top, wherein the coal seam to be blasted 9 is positioned between the top protecting coal seam 5 and the working face protecting coal seam 10; the stope face of the current mining section is a current stope face 11, and a face support 1 is arranged on the current stope face 11. The top coal above the stope of the current mining section refers to the coal seam located between the current stope 11 and the top plate in the current mining section and is the coal seam located above the current stope 11 in the current mining section.
In this embodiment, after the top and bottom heights of the coal seam 9 to be blasted are determined in step 201, a top boundary line L3 and a bottom boundary line L4 of the coal seam 9 to be blasted can be obtained. Here, the top boundary line L3 is also referred to as a roof guard coal line, the bottom boundary line L4 is also referred to as a face guard coal line, and both the top boundary line L3 and the bottom boundary line L4 are horizontal lines.
In this embodiment, the thickness of the working face protection coal seam 10 is 3m to 5m, and the thickness of the top protection coal seam 5 is 3m to 5 m.
Therefore, the distance between the bottom of the coal seam 9 to be blasted and the top of the current stope face 11 is 3-4 m.
Step 202, drilling a blast hole: firstly, selecting a plurality of blasting surfaces on a coal seam 9 to be blasted in front of a current stope working face 11 along the working face propelling direction, wherein the plurality of blasting surfaces are arranged from front to back and are planes which are arranged vertically to the working face propelling direction, and the distance between every two adjacent blasting surfaces is 3-5 m; the plurality of blasting surfaces comprise a plurality of first blasting surfaces and a plurality of second blasting surfaces, and the first blasting surfaces and the second blasting surfaces are distributed in a staggered manner; secondly, drilling a plurality of first blast holes 7 on each first blasting surface from back to front and drilling a plurality of second blast holes 8 on each second blasting surface from back to front by using a drilling machine from the air inlet lane 3 constructed in the first step, wherein the first blast holes 7 are distributed in a fan shape and are distributed from back to front along the anticlockwise direction, and the second blast holes 8 are distributed in a fan shape and are distributed from back to front along the anticlockwise direction; the first blast hole 7 and the second blast hole 8 are both blast holes which are gradually inclined upwards from back to front, and are shown in detail in fig. 3 and 4. In fig. 3 and 4, the black thickened section is a charging section.
In this embodiment, the distance between two adjacent blasting surfaces is 4m, and correspondingly, the distances between two adjacent first blasting surfaces and between two adjacent second blasting surfaces are both 8 m.
During actual construction, the distance between two adjacent blasting surfaces can be correspondingly adjusted according to specific requirements.
Step 203, charging and hole sealing: filling explosive into the upper parts of the inner sides of all the first blast holes 7 and all the second blast holes 8 in the step 202, wherein the sections filled with the explosive in the first blast holes 7 and the second blast holes 8 are all explosive sections; after charging is finished, sealing the first blast holes 7 and the second blast holes 8 respectively;
and the charge sections of the first blast hole 7 and the second blast hole 8 are positioned in the coal seam 9 to be blasted. That is, the top heights of the explosive sections of all the first blast holes 7 and all the second blast holes 8 are not higher than the top height of the coal seam 9 to be blasted, and the bottom heights of the explosive sections are higher than the bottom height of the coal seam 9 to be blasted.
In this embodiment, after charging the first blast hole 7 or the second blast hole 8, the processes of placing a detonator, a wire, and the like are performed, and then hole sealing is performed. And 4 detonators are arranged in each blast hole.
When hole sealing is actually carried out, the hole sealing material is yellow mud, and hole sections except the charge section in the first blast hole 7 and the second blast hole 8 are completely sealed. That is, the first blast hole 7 and the second blast hole 8 are divided into a charge hole section 12-1 and a hole sealing hole section 12-2.
Step 204, first blasting: and detonating a plurality of first blast holes 7 on the first blasting surface from back to front along the advancing direction of the working face, and blasting the coal seam 9 to be blasted of the current mining section for the first time.
Step 205, second blasting: and detonating a plurality of second blast holes 8 on the second blasting surface from back to front along the advancing direction of the working surface, and blasting the coal seam 9 to be blasted of the current mining section for the second time.
Step three, coal seam mining: and (4) carrying out stoping on the current mining section from front to back along the coal seam trend according to the caving coal mining method until the mining process of the current mining section is completed. When coal seam mining is actually carried out, mining is carried out from the current mining working face 11.
Step four, mining the next mining section: the next production section is produced according to the method described in steps one to three.
And fifthly, repeating the step four for multiple times until the whole mining process of the steeply inclined super-thick coal seam is completed.
In this embodiment, as the mining is performed on the current mining section, a stope face is adopted. As is well known, mining of mines is generally from front to back for safety, a roadway is firstly opened to enter a far place of a planned mining area, and a working face during formal mining is called a stope face. Therefore, during the recovery, the coal seam direction is opposite to the working face advancing direction of the recovery working face.
Before actual mining, according to the arrangement positions of the mining sections, mining the mining sections from back to front along the trend of the coal bed. When mining is carried out on each mining section, mining is carried out from the front to the back from the stope face of the mining section along the coal seam trend; the mining section is mined from the back to the front, starting from the stope face, in terms of face advance direction.
Therefore, the plurality of blasting surfaces selected in step 202 are located on the coal seam 9 to be blasted, which is located in front of the current stope working surface 11 in the working surface advancing direction; in terms of coal seam strike, the selected blasting surfaces are positioned at the rear side of the current stope face 11.
In this embodiment, in step 202, the apertures of the first blast hole 7 and the second blast hole 8 are both Φ 100mm to Φ 120 mm.
In step 203, the explosives filled in the first blast hole 7 and the second blast hole 8 are both emulsion matrixes.
During actual construction, the apertures of the first blast hole 7 and the second blast hole 8 can be adjusted correspondingly according to specific requirements. Moreover, the explosive charges filled in the first blast hole 7 and the second blast hole 8 can be other types of mine explosive charges.
In this embodiment, when the blast hole is drilled in step 202, a ZDY-800 type drilling machine is used to drill the hole; and in the step 203, when charging and hole sealing are carried out, a BCJ-5 type charging machine is adopted for carrying out forward charging, and a BQF-100 hole sealing device is adopted for carrying out hole sealing.
When the ZDY-800 type drilling machine is adopted for drilling, the average drilling time of each blast hole is about 1.13 minutes, compared with the existing general drilling machine, the drilling time is reduced by 50 percent, and the drilling speed is greatly improved; meanwhile, the rod unloading time (namely the disassembly time of the drill rod) in the drilling process is also reduced, and compared with the conventional universal drilling machine, the rod unloading time is reduced by about 14 percent. In addition, the deviation of the drilled hole of the existing general drilling machine is large, and a drill rod is easy to be inclined when the gangue is clamped; the drill rod of the ZDY-800 type drilling machine has no deformation, accurate positioning, straight hole forming and high precision, improves the drilling construction effect and is particularly suitable for advanced drilling construction of coal mines.
At present, when charging the blast hole, the blast hole is mainly manually charged by using a gun rod, the charging time after charging the blast hole by using a BCJ-5 type charging machine is greatly reduced, and the charging time is only 8.86 percent of the manual charging time. The contrast finds that compared with manual charging, the charging speed of the charging machine is high, safe and fast, and the blasting effect of the emulsion matrix is superior to that of the emulsion explosive.
In actual construction, other types of drilling machines, charging machines and hole packers can be adopted.
In this embodiment, before the position of the coal seam to be blasted is determined in step 201, the advanced pre-blasting area of the current mining section is determined.
When the advanced pre-explosion area of the current mining section is determined, the front end position and the rear end position of the advanced pre-explosion area are determined according to the mining influence range of the current stope face 11.
The advanced pre-explosion area is positioned in front of the current stope working face 11 and has a length L0 (L-L) in the advancing direction of the working face0The distances between the front end and the rear end of the advanced pre-explosion area and the current stope face 11 are L and L respectively0(ii) a Wherein,l0the length of the mining influence range of the current stope face 11 in the face advancing direction. Here, the advanced pre-explosion area is located in front of the current stope face 11, which means that the advanced pre-explosion area is located in front of the current stope face 11 along the working face advancing direction.
In step 202, a plurality of the blast surfaces are all located in the advanced pre-detonation zone.
In this embodiment, when the mining influence range of the current stope face 11 is determined, the support pressure of the coal body in front of the current stope face 11 is monitored, and the mining influence range is determined according to the monitoring result; the advanced pre-explosion area is a stress balance area with stable change of supporting pressure and the change amplitude of the supporting pressure less than 0.5MPa, and the mining influence range is an area with violent change of the supporting pressure and the change amplitude of the supporting pressure not less than 0.5 MPa.
When the supporting pressure of the coal body in front of the current stope face 11 is monitored, a plurality of roof pressure monitors arranged in the coal body in front of the current stope face 11 are used for monitoring. Here, the coal body in front of the current stope face 11 refers to a coal body in front of the current stope face 11 in the working face advancing direction.
And in order to lay conveniently, roof pressure monitor lays on the coal body of ventilation tunnel top.
According to the provisions of clause 68 of coal mine safety regulations, the blasting position should avoid the mining affected area. Therefore, mine pressure monitoring is firstly carried out on the current stope face 11, the change rule of the advanced support pressure is mastered, the mining influence range of the working face is analyzed and determined, and then the specific position of the advanced pre-explosion area is determined.
As shown in fig. 5, the monitoring result of the roof pressure monitor reflects the dynamic evolution law of the coal body support pressure on the ventilation roadway of the current stope face. As is obvious from fig. 5, the coal body supporting pressure changes violently within the range of 0-10.0 m from the coal wall of the current stope face, and the peak value reaches about 2.0 MPa; within the range of 10 m-50 m, the coal body supporting pressure is within the range of 0.2 MPa-0.5 MPa, and the coal body supporting pressure is basically kept stable, so that the length of the mining influence range of the current stope face 11 is determined to be 10m, and according to the regulation of coal mine safety regulations, the advanced pre-explosion area is at least at the position behind the coal wall of the current stope face 11 by 10 m.
In this embodiment, in the third step, when the current mining section is mined from front to back, one lane-protecting coal pillar 6 is reserved on each of the inner sides of the air intake lane 3 and the air return lane 4, and the advanced pre-explosion area is located between the two lane-protecting coal pillars 6;
when the advanced pre-explosion area of the current mining section is determined, determining the boundary lines at two sides of the advanced pre-explosion area according to the width of a protective roadway coal pillar 6 reserved on the inner sides of a pre-designed air inlet roadway 3 and a pre-designed air return roadway 4; boundary lines on two sides of the advanced pre-explosion area are a boundary line L1 and a boundary line L2 respectively, wherein the boundary line L1 is a boundary line close to the air inlet lane 3, and the boundary line L2 is a boundary line close to the air return lane 4.
In this embodiment, the width of the roadway-protecting coal pillar 6 is 3m to 6 m. The boundary line L1 is an inner boundary line of the coal pillar 6 retained inside the air intake lane 3, and the boundary line L2 is an inner boundary line of the coal pillar 6 retained inside the return air lane 4.
During actual construction, the method can be used0The thickness is set to 8m to 12 m. During the construction process, the concrete requirements can be met0The value size of the signal is correspondingly adjusted.
Wherein, L0 and L0The units of (A) are m. The mining influence range is in front of the current stope working face 11 and the length is l0The range of (1).
In this embodiment, in step 202, the number of the first blastholes 7 drilled in the plurality of first blasting surfaces and the arrangement position and structure of each first blasthole 7 are the same, the number of the second blastholes 8 drilled in the plurality of second blasting surfaces and the arrangement position and structure of each second blasthole 8 are the same, and the first blastholes 7 drilled in the first blasting surfaces and the second blastholes 8 drilled in the second blasting surfaces are arranged in a staggered manner.
The number of the first blast holes 7 drilled in each first blasting surface is four, the four first blast holes 7 are respectively a 1# blast hole, A3 # blast hole, a 5# blast hole and a 7# blast hole from back to front along the counterclockwise direction, and included angles between the 1# blast hole, the 3# blast hole, the 5# blast hole and the 7# blast hole and the horizontal plane are respectively A1, A3, A5 and A7.
The number of the second blast holes 8 drilled in each second blasting surface is four, the four second blast holes 8 are respectively a No. 2 blast hole, a No. 4 blast hole, a No. 6 blast hole and a No. 8 blast hole from back to front along the counterclockwise direction, and included angles between the No. 2 blast hole, the No. 4 blast hole, the No. 6 blast hole and the No. 8 blast hole and the horizontal plane are respectively A2, A4, A6 and A8; wherein A1 & gtA 2 & gtA 3 & gtA 4 & gtA 5 & gtA 6 & gtA 7 & gtA 8.
During actual construction, the number of the first blast holes 7 drilled on each first blasting surface and the arrangement positions of the first blast holes 7, and the number of the second blast holes 8 drilled on each second blasting surface and the arrangement positions of the second blast holes 8 can be correspondingly adjusted according to specific requirements.
In this embodiment, the central lines of the 1# blasthole, the 2# blasthole, the 3# blasthole, the 4# blasthole, the 5# blasthole, the 6# blasthole, the 7# blasthole and the 8# blasthole all intersect at the same point O, and the point O is located in the middle of the air intake lane 3.
In the embodiment, the blasting surface in front of the current stope face 11 is divided into a first blasting surface and a second blasting surface, and the first blast holes 7 and the second blast holes 8 are arranged in a staggered manner, so that blasting is performed successively twice, the number of the blast holes can be effectively reduced while the top coal presplitting effect is ensured, the coal seam 9 to be blasted is effectively blasted, the time and the cost of manpower and material resources are saved, and the mining efficiency can be greatly accelerated; meanwhile, due to the fact that the number of the blast holes is reduced, the distance between two adjacent primary blast holes 7 and the distance between two adjacent secondary blast holes 8 are correspondingly increased, and the damage of the drilling blast holes to the air inlet lane 3 can be effectively reduced.
In the embodiment, the top ends of the No. 1 blast hole, the No. 2 blast hole, the No. 3 blast hole, the No. 4 blast hole, the No. 5 blast hole and the No. 6 blast hole are all level with the top of the coal seam 9 to be blasted, the explosive charging sections of the No. 1 blast hole, the No. 2 blast hole, the No. 3 blast hole, the No. 4 blast hole, the No. 5 blast hole, the No. 6 blast hole and the No. 7 blast hole are all located between boundary lines on two sides of the advanced pre-explosion area, the top end of the explosive charging section of the No. 1 blast hole is located on the front side of the bottom end of the explosive charging section of the No. 2 blast hole, the top end of the explosive charging section of the No. 2 blast hole is located on the front side of the bottom end of the explosive charging section of the No. 3 blast hole, the top end of the explosive charging section of the No. 3 blast hole is located on the front side of the bottom end of the explosive charging section of the No. 4 blast hole, the top end of the explosive charging section of the No. 4 blast hole is located on the front side of the bottom end of the explosive charging section of the No. 5 blast hole; the bottom end of the charging section of the 1# blast hole is flush with the boundary line L1, the top end of the charging section of the 8# blast hole is flush with the boundary line L2, and the top end of the charging section of the 7# blast hole is positioned below the top of the coal seam 9 to be blasted and is positioned in a roadway protection coal pillar 6 reserved on the inner side of the return airway 4.
In conclusion, all the working procedures of top coal advanced pre-explosion weakening in the step two are implemented in the air inlet roadway 3, so that the construction is convenient, the construction equipment is simple and convenient to move, labor and time are saved, and the construction progress is fast. In addition, the construction equipment adopted in the advanced pre-explosion weakening process of the top coal is few, the operation is simple and convenient, and the mechanized continuous operation can be comprehensively realized.
In this embodiment, the number of the first blasting surfaces is the same as that of the second blasting surfaces, two adjacent blasting surfaces are divided into a group, each group of blasting surfaces includes one first blasting surface and one second blasting surface adjacent to the first blasting surface, all first blastholes 7 and all second blastholes 8 in each group of blasting surfaces form a blasthole group, and the blasthole group penetrates through the whole coal seam 9 to be blasted, so that advanced pre-blasting of a single blasthole group is realized.
In this embodiment, the arrangement parameters of the 4 first blast holes 7 and the 4 second blast holes 8 are detailed in table 1:
TABLE 1 blast hole arrangement parameter table
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and all simple modifications, changes and equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a coal mining technology of steeply inclined super thick coal seam based on top coal advanced pre-explosion weakening, the coal seam that steeply inclined super thick coal seam that minees is more than 45 and more than 8m of coal seam inclination, its characterized in that: mining the steeply inclined extra-thick coal seam by dividing the steeply inclined extra-thick coal seam into a plurality of mining sections from back to front along the coal seam trend, wherein the mining methods of the plurality of mining sections are the same, and the lengths of the mining sections along the coal seam trend are all L, wherein L is 30-50 m; when a mining section of the steep extra-thick coal seam is mined, the process is as follows:
step one, roadway construction: constructing a ventilation roadway on the left side and the right side of the lower part of the current mining section respectively, wherein the two ventilation roadways are an air inlet roadway (3) and an air return roadway (4) respectively;
step two, top coal advanced pre-explosion weakening: and (3) carrying out top coal advanced pre-explosion weakening on the current mining section, wherein the process is as follows:
step 201, determining a coal seam to be blasted: respectively determining the top and bottom heights of the coal seam (9) to be blasted of the current mining section according to the thickness of the reserved top-protecting coal seam (5) and the mining height of the working face in the mining process of the current mining section which are designed in advance;
top coal above a stope face of a current mining section is divided into three coal seams, namely a top protecting coal seam (5), a coal seam (9) to be blasted and a face protecting coal seam (10), from bottom to top, wherein the coal seam (9) to be blasted is positioned between the top protecting coal seam (5) and the face protecting coal seam (10); wherein the stope face of the current mining section is a current stope face (11);
step 202, drilling a blast hole: selecting a plurality of blasting surfaces on a coal seam (9) to be blasted in front of a current stope working face (11) along the working face propelling direction, wherein the plurality of blasting surfaces are arranged from front to back and are planes which are arranged vertically to the working face propelling direction, and the distance between every two adjacent blasting surfaces is 3-5 m; the plurality of blasting surfaces comprise a plurality of first blasting surfaces and a plurality of second blasting surfaces, and the first blasting surfaces and the second blasting surfaces are distributed in a staggered manner; drilling a plurality of first blast holes (7) on each first blasting surface from back to front and a plurality of second blast holes (8) on each second blasting surface from back to front by using a drilling machine from the air inlet lane (3) constructed in the first step, wherein the first blast holes (7) are distributed in a fan shape and are distributed from back to front along the anticlockwise direction, and the second blast holes (8) are distributed in a fan shape and are distributed from back to front along the anticlockwise direction; the first blast hole (7) and the second blast hole (8) are both blast holes which are gradually inclined upwards from back to front;
step 203, charging and hole sealing: filling explosive into the upper parts of the inner sides of all the first blast holes (7) and all the second blast holes (8) in the step 202, wherein the sections filled with the explosive in the first blast holes (7) and the second blast holes (8) are all explosive sections; after charging is finished, sealing the first blast holes (7) and the second blast holes (8) respectively;
the charging sections of the first blast hole (7) and the second blast hole (8) are positioned in a coal seam (9) to be blasted;
step 204, first blasting: detonating a plurality of first blast holes (7) on the first blasting surface from back to front along the advancing direction of the working surface, and blasting the coal seam (9) to be blasted of the current mining section for the first time;
step 205, second blasting: detonating a plurality of second blast holes (8) on the second blasting surface from back to front along the advancing direction of the working surface, and blasting the coal seam (9) to be blasted of the current mining section for the second time;
step three, coal seam mining: carrying out stoping on the current mining section from front to back along the coal seam trend according to a caving coal mining method until the mining process of the current mining section is completed;
step four, mining the next mining section: mining the next mining section according to the method described in steps one through three;
and fifthly, repeating the step four for multiple times until the whole mining process of the steeply inclined super-thick coal seam is completed.
2. The top coal advanced pre-explosion weakening based high-dipping extra-thick coal seam coal mining process according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: in the step 202, the aperture diameters of the first blast hole (7) and the second blast hole (8) are phi 100 mm-phi 120 mm.
3. The top coal advanced pre-explosion weakening based high-dipping extra-thick coal seam coal mining process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the process comprises the following steps: when the blast hole is drilled in the step 202, drilling by adopting a ZDY-800 type drilling machine; and in the step 203, when charging and hole sealing are carried out, a BCJ-5 type charging machine is adopted for carrying out forward charging, and a BQF-100 hole sealing device is adopted for carrying out hole sealing.
4. The top coal advanced pre-explosion weakening based high-dipping extra-thick coal seam coal mining process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the process comprises the following steps: before the position of the coal seam to be blasted is determined in the step 201, determining an advanced pre-blasting area of a current mining section;
when an advanced pre-explosion area of a current mining section is determined, determining the front end position and the rear end position of the advanced pre-explosion area according to the mining influence range of a current stope face (11);
the advanced pre-explosion area is positioned in front of the current stope working face (11) and has a length L0 (L-L) in the advancing direction of the working face0The distances between the front end and the rear end of the advanced pre-explosion area and the current stope face (11) are respectively L and L0(ii) a Wherein l0The length of the mining influence range of the current stope working face (11) along the advancing direction of the working face;
in step 202, a plurality of the blast surfaces are all located in the advanced pre-detonation zone.
5. The mining process of the steeply inclined super-thick coal seam based on top coal advanced pre-explosion weakening as claimed in claim 4, wherein: when the current mining section is mined from front to back in the third step, a roadway protection coal pillar (6) is reserved on the inner sides of the air inlet roadway (3) and the air return roadway (4), and the advanced pre-explosion area is located between the two roadway protection coal pillars (6);
when the advanced pre-explosion area of the current mining section is determined, determining the boundary lines at two sides of the advanced pre-explosion area according to the width of a protective roadway coal pillar (6) reserved on the inner sides of a pre-designed air inlet roadway (3) and a pre-designed air return roadway (4); boundary lines on two sides of the advanced pre-explosion area are a boundary line L1 and a boundary line L2 respectively, wherein the boundary line L1 is a boundary line close to one side of the air inlet lane (3), and the boundary line L2 is a boundary line close to one side of the air return lane (4).
6. The mining process of the steeply inclined super-thick coal seam based on top coal advanced pre-explosion weakening as claimed in claim 4, wherein: when the mining influence range of the current stope face (11) is determined, monitoring the supporting pressure of a coal body in front of the current stope face (11), and determining the mining influence range according to a monitoring result; the advanced pre-explosion area is a stress balance area with stable change of supporting pressure and the change amplitude of the supporting pressure less than 0.5MPa, and the mining influence range is an area with violent change of the supporting pressure and the change amplitude of the supporting pressure not less than 0.5 MPa;
when the supporting pressure of the coal body in front of the current stope face (11) is monitored, a plurality of roof pressure monitors arranged in the coal body in front of the current stope face (11) are used for monitoring.
7. The mining process of the steeply inclined super-thick coal seam based on top coal advanced pre-explosion weakening as claimed in claim 4, wherein: l is0＝8m～12m。
8. The top coal advanced pre-explosion weakening based high-dipping extra-thick coal seam coal mining process according to claim 5, wherein the process comprises the following steps: in step 202, the number of first blast holes (7) drilled in the plurality of first blasting surfaces and the arrangement positions and structures of the first blast holes (7) are the same, the number of second blast holes (8) drilled in the plurality of second blasting surfaces and the arrangement positions and structures of the second blast holes (8) are the same, and the first blast holes (7) drilled in the first blasting surfaces and the second blast holes (8) drilled in the second blasting surfaces are arranged in a staggered manner;
the number of the first blast holes (7) drilled in each first blasting surface is four, the four first blast holes (7) are respectively a No. 1 blast hole, a No. 3 blast hole, a No. 5 blast hole and a No. 7 blast hole from back to front along the counterclockwise direction, and included angles between the No. 1 blast hole, the No. 3 blast hole, the No. 5 blast hole and the No. 7 blast hole and the horizontal plane are respectively A1, A3, A5 and A7;
the number of second blast holes (8) drilled in each second blasting surface is four, the four second blast holes (8) are respectively a No. 2 blast hole, a No. 4 blast hole, a No. 6 blast hole and a No. 8 blast hole from back to front along the counterclockwise direction, and included angles between the No. 2 blast hole, the No. 4 blast hole, the No. 6 blast hole and the No. 8 blast hole and the horizontal plane are respectively A2, A4, A6 and A8; wherein A1 & gtA 2 & gtA 3 & gtA 4 & gtA 5 & gtA 6 & gtA 7 & gtA 8.
9. The mining process of the steeply inclined super-thick coal seam based on top coal advanced pre-explosion weakening as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the top ends of the No. 1 blast hole, the No. 2 blast hole, the No. 3 blast hole, the No. 4 blast hole, the No. 5 blast hole and the No. 6 blast hole are all level with the top of the coal seam (9) to be blasted, the explosive charging sections of the No. 1 blast hole, the No. 2 blast hole, the No. 3 blast hole, the No. 4 blast hole, the No. 5 blast hole, the No. 6 blast hole and the No. 7 blast hole are all located between boundary lines on two sides of the advanced pre-explosion area, the top end of the explosive charging section of the No. 1 blast hole is located on the front side of the bottom end of the explosive charging section of the No. 2 blast hole, the top end of the explosive charging section of the No. 2 blast hole is located on the front side of the bottom end of the explosive charging section of the No. 3 blast hole, the top end of the explosive charging section of the No. 3 blast hole is located on the front side of the bottom end of the explosive charging section of the No. 4 blast hole, the top end of the explosive charging section of the No. 4 blast hole is located on the front side of the bottom end of the explosive charging section of the No. 5 blast hole; the bottom end of the charging section of the 1# blast hole is flush with the boundary line L1, the top end of the charging section of the 8# blast hole is flush with the boundary line L2, and the top end of the charging section of the 7# blast hole is positioned below the top of the coal seam (9) to be blasted and is positioned in a roadway protection coal pillar (6) reserved on the inner side of the return airway (4).
10. The top coal advanced pre-explosion weakening based high-dipping extra-thick coal seam coal mining process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the process comprises the following steps: in step 202, the number of the first blast holes (7) drilled on the plurality of first blasting surfaces and the arrangement position and structure of each first blast hole (7) are the same, the number of the second blast holes (8) drilled on the plurality of second blasting surfaces and the arrangement position and structure of each second blast hole (8) are the same, and the first blast holes (7) drilled on the first blasting surfaces and the second blast holes (8) drilled on the second blasting surfaces are arranged in a staggered manner.
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| CN111550246A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-08-18 | 中国煤炭科工集团太原研究院有限公司 | Novel caving mining method for steeply-inclined crushed ultra-thick stone coal type vanadium ore |
| CN111550246B (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2021-10-01 | 中国煤炭科工集团太原研究院有限公司 | Novel caving mining method for steeply-inclined crushed ultra-thick stone coal type vanadium ore |
| CN112983422A (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2021-06-18 | 西安科技大学 | Ore drawing mining method for inclined layered solid deposit |
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| CN104879128B (en) | 2017-07-04 |
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