CN107387085A - A kind of tight roof and the porous controlled blasting softening method in coal seam - Google Patents
A kind of tight roof and the porous controlled blasting softening method in coal seam Download PDFInfo
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- CN107387085A CN107387085A CN201710882777.9A CN201710882777A CN107387085A CN 107387085 A CN107387085 A CN 107387085A CN 201710882777 A CN201710882777 A CN 201710882777A CN 107387085 A CN107387085 A CN 107387085A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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Abstract
A kind of tight roof and the porous controlled blasting softening method in coal seam, comprise the following steps：（1）, layout scheme of boreholes determined according to the tight roof and coal seam at underground place to be blasted, three groups of boreholes are arranged along working face total length, three groups of boreholes equi-spaced apart side by side up and down is set, wherein one group of borehole of the top and one group of borehole of bottom are row's control hole group, one group of middle borehole is an explosive holes group, and control hole group includes some along the working face total length control hole that equi-spaced apart is set side by side；In summary, the present invention is good for top plate, the global blowup bating effect of coal body, pass through the hard coal and rock of overlying in front of advanced explosion sofening treatment working face, reduce the limit caving angle of working face rear top plate, the accidents such as roof fall, wall caving occur to prevent from adopting face, this technology has the advantageous features such as drilling utilization rate is high, quantities is small, burst safety factor is high, can be applied in the softening caving control of all kinds of underground coal mine tight roofs and coal body.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of tight roof and the porous controlled blasting softening method in coal seam.
Background technology
In coal mining, implement hard coal rock roof plate and force safe and efficient life of the softening caving measure to safeguard work face
Produce most important.In getting working face is constantly pushed ahead, the reserved part coal body of part spoil and digging directly on top
Can constantly it be caving, but the larger coal of hardness, rock mass are difficult to be caving automatically, thus have gradually formed and be to adopt face coal body, support etc.
The big long cantilever coal and rock of fulcrum.It is simple by increase working face branch when these hard coal rock roof plates vacantly arrive certain step pitch
Shield intensity be uncontrollable hard coal rock roof plate unstability, it is necessary to artificial overhead caving, with prevent and treat working face occur roof fall,
The accident that wall caving etc. endangers working face safety in production occurs.At present, widely used side is controlled for hard coal rock roof plate
Method includes：The pre- blasting procedure of first advance deep hole, hysteresis working face explosion caving method, the pre- hydraulic fracturing of first advance high pressure
Method.
The pre- explosion of first advance deep hole is to be applied in the both sides tunnel of first advance certain distance to overlying coal and rock
The pre- ceasma of work explosion, early excise explosion treatment to be split, soften top plate, make its internal a large amount of crack of generation complete so as to destroy its
Property, reduction carrys out pressure-pad and falls area and inbreak intensity, it is ensured that can be timely caving with the top plate of pushing ahead of working face, avoids heavily fortified point
Hard coal rock roof plate occurs disposably being caving the harm for bringing the face of adopting.But the main of the technology is disadvantageous in that explosion should
Power can not uniformly act on coal and rock, stress raisers phenomenon easily occur, cause local disintegrating area more and crack
Area is few, so as to reduce the effective rate of utilization of blasting energy；Hysteresis working face explosion caving method is along working face rear to top
Plate coal and rock construction blasting hole, its mechanism of action and the pre- explosion of first advance deep hole are basically identical, but due to working face rear
Coal rock roof plate have part and be caving automatically, thus generate the more uncertain scope of freedom, thus the explosion of part explosion is most
Island operation is smaller so that roof blasting softening process is filled with uncertainty, in some instances it may even be possible to triggers accident.In summary may be used
Know using the method for the Blasting Control top plate to be split of drilling, there is that explosion bating effect is uneven, and volume causes stress locally to collect
In, local broken the shortcomings that seriously blasting energy utilization rate is low, and drilling utilization rate is low.
First advance coal and rock hydraulic fracturing softening technology, i.e., to the heavily fortified point above coal body in the tunnel of working face both sides
Hard coal rock mass injects water under high pressure, when pressure break hydraulic pressure is more than the tensile strength and cohesive strength of coal and rock, starts to produce in coal and rock
Crack simultaneously extends with the increase of hydraulic pressure, penetrated, so as to realize the softening process to coal and rock.But on the one hand, it is limited to coal petrography
Heterogeneous and its internal joint of body, stratification, the uneven distribution of defect influence, the extension extension in crack in fracturing process
Uncertainty is prominent, it is easy to stress raisers area occurs, causes the destruction softening of coal and rock not uniform enough.On the other hand,
The fissure zone more developed often is there are in coal and rock, these fissure zones or different pressure break holes are conducted, or along
Extend away from the direction of coal rock roof plate, in hydraulic fracturing process, because press water can be preferentially along the maximum side of pressure drop gradient
To flowing, i.e., extend along the crack propagation more developed, this will cause pressure break hydraulic pressure heavy losses, and can not form fracture network
Network, even result in pressure break failure.Thus, these uncertain factors greatly limit people to pressing and being caving step
Away from accurate judgement, so as to increase security management and control difficulty of the people to working face.
The content of the invention
The present invention is in order to solve weak point of the prior art, there is provided a kind of blasting energy utilization rate is high, top plate coal petrography
Body destroys uniformly, and softening control range is big, a kind of high tight roof of drilling utilization rate and the porous controlled blasting softening side in coal seam
Method.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：A kind of tight roof and the porous control in coal seam
Explosion softening method, comprises the following steps：
（1）, layout scheme of boreholes determined according to the tight roof and coal seam at underground place to be blasted, i.e., arrange three along working face total length
Group borehole, three groups of boreholes equi-spaced apart side by side up and down are set, and one group of borehole of wherein the one of the top group borehole and bottom is equal
For row's control hole group, middle one group of borehole is an explosive holes group, control hole group include it is some along working face total length side by side
Equi-spaced apart set control hole, blast hole group include it is some along working face total length side by side equi-spaced apart set blast hole, its
Between two adjacent control holes of the control hole group that the blast hole of borehole blasting hole group is positioned above on the center line of line；Often arrange
The centerline direction all same of the control hole of control hole group, the centerline direction all same of the blast hole per explosive holes group, institute
Some control holes are obliquely installed with blast hole from working towards tight roof direction, the center line of all control holes and blast hole
It is less than 45 ° with the angle of working face, wherein control hole and blast hole are drilling, determine the spacing of adjacent drilling；
（2）, determine layout scheme of boreholes after, build mobile hoistable platform at working face rear, rig be installed to movement
On formula hoistable platform, workmen station operates drilling machine construction blast hole and control hole on mobile hoistable platform, wherein drilling
Aperture between 75mm~90mm；
（3）, in blast hole powder charge and pass through stemming sealing of hole, implement explosion；
（4）, after explosion, the presplit blasting top coal at working face rear is loosened, and coal-winning machine is mined along the direction of propulsion of working face
Operation, the part spoil and presplit blasting top coal of the long-armed hanging tight roof at working face rear are caving automatically, pass through transport
Machine transports away the part spoil and coal body that are caving, removes hydraulic support and pushing ahead and hydraulic support stand exists again
Below roof, start coal-winning machine and working face is exploited, after working face pushes ahead certain step pitch, on working face rear
Can be reserved with overlying strata body one circulation the control hole for most descending row, these control holes as this circulation explosion control hole or
It is blast hole；
（5）, repeat step（2）-（4）, carry out the circulation explosion softening in tight roof and coal seam.
Step（1）In the spacing of adjacent drilling determined according to following principle：
1. determining the distance between two neighboring drilling, ensure in the generation crack in the radial direction along blast hole, formed broken
Circle or relaxation zone, ensure the uniformly softening of explosion influence area with this；
2. the determination of pitch of holes is obtained using numerically modeling by the way of engineering practice is combined, wherein numerically modeling refers to gas
Take out cycle and coal, two indexs of solid coefficient f of rock mass in advance.
Step（3）The middle method using foot of hole powder charge, the length of stemming sealing of hole are more than or equal to 1.5m and used
Big gun bar consolidates stemming；When carrying out explosion explosion, wherein direct initiation medicine are carried out by the way of direct initiation and packet detonation
The sockets for collecting energy of volume is towards foot of hole；Explosive payload in drilling determines how much is dose according to loaded length, while to regard top coal
Integrality and revise, its calculation formula：K-- rock coefficients in formula, take 0.3~0.6；db-- blasthole is straight
Footpath,l--Blast hole depth, l 1 -- non-loaded length, wherein the d-- spacings of wells, db、l、 l 1 Unit with d is m.
Step（2）Middle mobile hoistable platform includes supporting plate, top plate and the bottom plate being rectangle, the bottom four of bottom plate
All places are evenly equipped with universal wheel, and balancing weight is equipped with rear side of bottom plate, and supporting plate is connected to bottom by four group of first lifting hydraulic cylinder
Plate upper surface, four group of first lifting hydraulic cylinder are distributed on the bottom of supporting plate, the cylinder ends hinge of every group of first lifting hydraulic cylinder
Plate upper surface is connected on, and the piston rod of every group of first lifting hydraulic cylinder is hinged on the bottom of supporting plate；Top plate passes through four group
Two lifting hydraulic cylinders are connected to support plate upper surface, and four group of second lifting hydraulic cylinder is distributed on the bottom of top plate, every group second liter
The cylinder ends of descending liquid cylinder pressure are hinged on support plate upper surface, and the piston rod of every group of second lifting hydraulic cylinder is hinged on top plate
Bottom；Cover top surface outer edge is provided with guardrail；Two groups of hydraulic pressure diagonal brace mechanisms, two groups of hydraulic pressure diagonal brace mechanism edges are provided with rear side of top plate
Left and right directions is arranged side by side；Rig is assemblied on top plate；
Hydraulic pressure diagonal brace mechanism includes the first supporting cylinder, the second supporting cylinder and grabs domain, the cylinder of the first supporting cylinder
Body end portion is hinged on the rear side of top plate, and the piston rod of the first supporting cylinder is hinged on the rear side for grabbing domain upper surface, second
The cylinder ends of support hydraulic cylinder are hinged on the rear side of bottom plate, and the piston rod of the second supporting cylinder, which is hinged on, grabs domain upper surface
Front side, the lower surface for grabbing domain are provided with grasping teeth；
Pedal component is respectively connected with front side of the front side of top plate and supporting plate, being connected to the pedal component on front side of supporting plate includes connecting
Fishplate bar, pedal and two blocks of side plates, connecting plate are vertically fixed on the front side edge of supporting plate and the upper side edge edge of connecting plate and supporting plate
Upper surface flush, pedal horizontal set and the back side edge of pedal be fixedly connected with the lower side of connecting plate, two pieces of side plate profiles
It is set square, one of side plate is connected between pedal right edge and connecting plate right edge, and one block of side plate is connected in addition
Between pedal left side and connecting plate left side；Reinforcement is fixedly connected between the trailing flank of connecting plate and the bottom of supporting plate
Plate；
It is provided with bottom plate for manipulating the first supporting cylinder, the second supporting cylinder, the first lifting hydraulic cylinder and second
The hydraulic station of lifting hydraulic cylinder.
Step（2）Middle rigging up and the process of operation drilling machine construction drilling are：Mobile hoistable platform is pushed into work
On front side of face, workmen climbs up supporting plate by pedal component, is then climbing up top plate by pedal component from supporting plate, will
Rig is installed on top plate, and operation hydraulic station starts the first lifting hydraulic cylinder and the second lifting hydraulic cylinder, according to the height of drilling,
The length that the piston rod of the piston rod and the second lifting hydraulic cylinder that adjust the first lifting hydraulic cylinder stretches out is until top plate reaches and set
Determine construction height, then operate hydraulic station and start the first supporting cylinder and the second supporting cylinder, the first supporting cylinder drives
Dynamic to grab domain and move down, the driving of the second supporting cylinder is grabbed domain and is moved rearwards, final make it that grabbing domain drops down onto ground, and
The lower surface grasping teeth for now grabbing domain is firmly grasped on ground, finally starts to start rig progress bore operation；One drilling
After construction, above step is repeated and according to step（1）The layout scheme of boreholes of middle determination is constructed, and remaining drills.
Above-mentioned technical proposal is used, the invention has the advantages that：
（1）, the present invention in the spacing of control hole and blast hole be ensure top covering rockmass uniformly destroy one of important parameter of softening,
Its whether reasonable circulation way and demolition effect that will directly influence explosion after-explosion stress wave set；Pitch of holes mistake
Small, Explosive stress wave will pass through control hole moment, cause the local failure of coal and rock in command range excessively serious, Fractured zone
Less than normal, explosion energy utilization rate is low；Pitch of holes is excessive, then with Explosive stress wave intercouple influence it is too small, controlling role is not
Substantially, it is poor to the overall control effect of tight roof so that the top covering rockmass destruction softened zone after explosion is uneven；This hair
The spacing of bright middle control hole and explosive hole determines to follow：1. pitch-row should not be excessively near, avoid only producing on the line direction of drilling
Raw unidirectional crack, it should as far as possible ensure radially producing crack on direction as much as possible along blast hole, form broken circle or pine
Moving-coil, ensure the uniformly softening in blasting crack region；2. the determination of pitch of holes uses numerically modeling（It is typically referenced to gas pre-drainage week
Phase and coal, two indexs of solid coefficient f of rock mass）Obtained with the mode that engineering practice is combined;It is 3. 1. and 2. full in guarantee
Under conditions of foot, reduce aperture and drilling hole amount as far as possible；
（2）, control hole presence, change the distribution of stress in blast stress field；Blast wave is first near blast hole
Broken circle is formed, with the further reach of stress wave, when meeting the scope of freedom that control hole is formed, stress wave is deflected, concentrated,
Coal body is caused further to crush, crack is continuously increased, and compared to pitch of holes, the diameter of drilling is much smaller, therefore, blast pressure
The elastic mechanics model in Infinite medium under effect can be converted into action model of the blast compression to control hole；Due to control
The presence of drilling, be advantageous to the uniform propagation of Explosive stress wave, circle is crushed so as to reduce, expand the formation of broken circle, promote
Effective utilization of explosion energy is entered, it is ensured that hard coal rock roof plate uniformly crushes, so as to improve for the whole of hard coal rock roof plate
Body controlling；
（3）, the present invention blast hole and control hole arrangement be also this technology application effect important parameter, based on above-mentioned
Described, the arrangement of drilling uses arranged crosswise, and this pattern is different from parallel cloth hole, is characterized in that diagonal cross is moulded
Property area it is larger, crack caused by blast wave is easily linked up, and crushes that circle is also bigger, and just to include increase broken for the final purpose of the present invention
The length of broken circle, reduce the length for crushing circle, so as to improve blasting energy utilization rate；
（4）, in conventional hard coal rock roof plate softening and breaking processing, drilling bearing of trend is located at the rib rear after open-off cut,
With the propulsion of working face, the bottom of rear top plate is increasingly becoming the scope of freedom, meanwhile, part spoil, the coal body of top plate can be automatic
It is caving, produces the oblique scope of freedom of more out-of-flatness, these all diminishes the minimum burden for causing blast hole, or exist more
More uncertainties, implement the generation that explosion is easy to initiation accident in this case；In the present invention, boring direction and work
Face direction of propulsion is consistent, and drilling top coal and rock is not also unminded by stress disturbance, lower section coal body, and blast hole is located at entity coal petrography
In layer, unqualified in the absence of minimum burden, explosion is ignited or actuation gas problem, can avoid triggering thing because burst stress disturbs
Therefore generation；After the advance of the face certain step pitch, i.e., more than previous time of its top spacing of explosion plasticity softened zone one formed
From when, when carrying out the pre- explosion sofening treatment of orientation in advance of subsequent cycle, lower row's control hole of preceding circulation, this circulation can be used as
Control hole or blast hole in blasting measures and be used again, so not only promote the effect of explosion softening, and improve
The utilization rate of drilling.
In summary, the present invention is good for top plate, the global blowup bating effect of coal body, passes through advanced explosion sofening treatment
The hard coal and rock of overlying in front of working face, the limit caving angle of working face rear top plate is reduced, to prevent the face of adopting from emitting
The accidents such as top, wall caving, this technology have the advantageous features such as drilling utilization rate is high, quantities is small, burst safety factor is high, can applied
In the softening caving control of all kinds of underground coal mine tight roofs and coal body.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the stress enlarged diagram of control hole in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the front view of bore arrangement mode；
Fig. 4 is that drilling recycles side view in the present invention；
Fig. 5 is hysteresis working face blasting method schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of mobile hoistable platform in the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in figure 1, this technology be directed to run into because ature of coal is harder in exploitation process top coal it is bad put situation when, it is necessary to
The mode of presplit blasting is taken to carry out loosening top coal.
First, three rows are arranged along working face total length, is divided into multigroup borehole（1#~5#Drilling）, for ease of borehole pore-forming powder charge
With avoid the influence to production, be typically chosen in rib backward（Old empty side）0.5~2m（Support front-axle beam position）Between frame, top plate is complete
Whole, crack is with respect to perforating between the frame of agensis.Spaced upper and lower two groups of drilling is as Blasting Control hole（1#~4#For control
Hole）, middle one group is 5#Drilling is used as blast hole, and specific deployment scenarios are with reference to figure 1.
During construction drill, it is necessary to rationally control each blasting parameter, mainly include：Drilling depth, drilling
Spacing, the horizontal angle and elevation angle of drilling, bottom hole and coal seam are hung down away from, face length etc., determine the Main Basiss of these parameters：
Coal seam thickness, the thickness and intensity for directly pushing up and pushing up always, it typically should ensure that charge explosion area is carried out in Tension Stress Zone, now explosion
Effect is best.
Borehole arrangement parameter：Spacing including shot density, depth, the gradient, aperture, control hole and explosive hole etc..Borehole
Density is can effectively soften top coal top plate, and it is principle that and can, which makes blasting engineering amount less, typically according to each actual condition of mines
It is determined that.Borehole depth is together decided on by presplit blasting top coal thickness and the blast hole gradient, it is contemplated that suitably punches coal body to rock stratum
In；The orientation of borehole typically by face direction of propulsion arrangement is adopted, depending on coal seam and top plate angle foundation coal seam thickness, inclination angle, needs
Consider drilling depth and explosive payload, the control hole gradient should be approximately equal to.
The spacing of control hole and explosive hole determines according to following principle：1. pitch-row should not be excessively near, avoid the occurrence of and only drilling
Line direction on produce the situation in unidirectional crack, ensure to split radially producing along direction as much as possible along blast hole as far as possible
Gap, broken circle or relaxation zone are formed, ensure the uniformly softening in blasting crack region；2. the determination of pitch of holes uses numerically modeling
（It is typically referenced to gas pre-drainage cycle and coal, two indexs of solid coefficient f of rock mass）Obtained with the mode that engineering practice is combined
.When top coal than it is more complete when, can suitably reduce the spacing of borehole or appropriate increase blashole charge amount；It is 3. 1. and 2. full in guarantee
Under conditions of foot, reduce aperture and drilling hole amount as far as possible.The angle of control hole and face roof is generally higher than 45 °.
After the bearing of trend and the pitch of holes that determine drilling, the determination in bore arrangement mode and aperture is carried out：In the present invention
The arrangement of drilling uses arranged crosswise, and this pattern is different from parallel cloth hole, is characterized in diagonal cross plastic zone
Larger, crack is easily linked up caused by blast wave, and broken circle is also bigger, is met the broken length enclosed of present invention increase, is reduced powder
The length of broken circle, improve the purpose of blasting energy utilization rate.The arrangement of drilling is shown in Fig. 3.
The aperture of control hole and blast hole needs reasonable control, it is contemplated that by powder charge, sealing of hole, the property of medicine, equipment of drilling, technique
Deng limitation, the diameter of drilling is not the bigger the better.Present invention determine that blast hole aperture be arranged between 75mm~90mm, control
The aperture b in hole is controlled between 75mm~90mm.The wherein presence of control hole, change the distribution shape of stress in blast stress field
State.Blast wave is formed about broken circle in blast hole first, with the further reach of stress wave, meets the freedom that control hole is formed
During face, stress wave is deflected, concentrated, and causes coal body further to crush, and crack is continuously increased.Compared to pitch of holes, drilling
Diameter is much smaller, and therefore, the elastic mechanics model in Infinite medium under blast pressure effect can be converted into blast pressure should
Power is shown in Fig. 2 to the action model of control hole, the stress model of control hole.
When the certain step pitch of the propulsion of working face, i.e., more than previous time of its top plasticity softened zone certain distance formed
When, then need to carry out the pre- explosion sofening treatment of orientation in advance of subsequent cycle.Now, lower row's advance borehole of a upper circulation, i.e.,
Control hole 3#~4# can be then used again as the control hole in this blasting measures, so that this explosion is soft
Hua Qu connects with upper one circulation, avoids and presplitting loosening clear area occurs, expands explosion softened zone, and improve drilling
Utilization rate, reduce quantities.Side view is recycled referring in particular to Fig. 4 present invention drillings.
Rational aperture of the explosive payload not only with blast hole will be adapted, while also requirement can not destroy Seam Roof And Floor
Stability.On the one hand the reasonability of explosive payload can ensure that crack fully extends extension in hard coal and rock, on the other hand, avoid
Occur coal petrography in a big way around blast hole and crush circle.Explosive payload determines dose size according to loaded length in the present invention, together
When to be revised depending on the integrality of top coal, its calculating can be by formula：K-- rock coefficients in formula, typically take 0.3~0.6；db-- big gun
Bore dia, m；l--Blast hole depth, m；l 1 -- non-loaded length, m；The d-- spacings of wells, m.
In conventional hard coal rock roof plate softening and breaking processing, drilling bearing of trend is located at the rib rear after open-off cut
（Specific visible Fig. 5, with the propulsion of working face, the bottom of rear top plate is increasingly becoming the scope of freedom.Meanwhile the part cash of top plate
Stone, coal body can be caving automatically, produce the oblique scope of freedom of more out-of-flatness.These all become the minimum burden for causing blast hole
It is small, or more uncertainties be present, implement the generation that explosion is easy to initiation accident in this case.In the present invention,
Boring direction is consistent with advance of the face direction, and drilling top coal and rock is not also unminded by stress disturbance, lower section coal body, explosion
Hole position is unqualified in the absence of minimum burden in entity coal rock layer, and explosion is ignited or actuation gas problem, can avoid because of explosion
Stress disturbance triggers the generation of accident.After the advance of the face certain step pitch, i.e., more than the previous explosion modeling formed in its top
Property softened zone certain distance when, when carrying out the pre- explosion sofening treatment of orientation in advance of subsequent cycle, the lower row control of preceding circulation
It hole, can be used again as the control hole in this circulation blasting measures or blast hole, so not only promote explosion softening
Effect, and improve the utilization rate of drilling.
There is 2m or so to can be achieved to crush in the presence of support supports repeatedly in view of top coal, and explosion sealed borehole length will
Ask, take the mode of hole base charge, direct initiation.According to process step design, the explosion by the way of packet is detonated.This is in Shanxi
During northern certain colliery experiment, using every 20 boreholes as one group, using millisecond delay cap serial ignition；Stemming sealed borehole length is not less than
1.5m, and consolidated with big gun bar；The sockets for collecting energy of direct initiation powder stick is both facing to eyeground.Whole process should ensure that the accurate nothing of parameters
By mistake, to ensure the security implementation of measure.
As shown in fig. 6, mobile hoistable platform includes supporting plate 1, top plate 2 and the bottom plate 3 being rectangle, bottom plate 3
The universal wheel 4 with auto-lock function is evenly equipped with the surrounding of bottom, supporting plate 1 is connected to bottom by four group of first lifting hydraulic cylinder 5
The upper surface of plate 3, four group of first lifting hydraulic cylinder 5 are distributed on the bottom of supporting plate 1, the cylinder body end of every group of first lifting hydraulic cylinder 5
Portion is hinged on the upper surface of bottom plate 3, and the piston rod of every group of first lifting hydraulic cylinder 5 is hinged on the bottom of supporting plate 1；Top plate 2 is logical
Cross four group of second lifting hydraulic cylinder 6 and be connected to the upper surface of supporting plate 1, four group of second lifting hydraulic cylinder 6 is distributed on the bottom of top plate 2
Portion, the cylinder ends of every group of second lifting hydraulic cylinder 6 are hinged on the upper surface of supporting plate 1, and the work of every group of second lifting hydraulic cylinder 6
Stopper rod is hinged on the bottom of top plate 2；The upper surface outer edge of top plate 2 is provided with guardrail 7；The rear side of top plate 2 is provided with two groups of hydraulic pressure diagonal brace machines
Structure, two groups of hydraulic pressure diagonal brace mechanisms are arranged side by side along rear front direction.Hydraulic pressure diagonal brace mechanism includes the first supporting cylinder 8, second
Support hydraulic cylinder 18 and grab domain 9, the cylinder ends of the first supporting cylinder 8 are hinged on the rear side of top plate 2, the first supporting cylinder
8 piston rod is hinged on the rear side for grabbing the upper surface of domain 9, after the cylinder ends of the second supporting cylinder 18 are hinged on bottom plate 3
Side, the piston rod of the second supporting cylinder 18 are hinged on the front side for grabbing the upper surface of domain 9, grab domain 9 and are hinged on the first support liquid
On the piston rod of cylinder pressure 8, the lower surface for grabbing domain 9 is provided with grasping teeth 17.The front side of top plate 2 and the front side of supporting plate 1 are respectively connected with
Pedal component 10, being connected to the pedal component of the front side of supporting plate 1 includes connecting plate 13, pedal 14 and two blocks of side plates 15, connecting plate
13 are vertically fixed on the upper side edge edge of the front side edge of supporting plate 1 and connecting plate 13 and the upper surface flush of supporting plate 1, the water of pedal 14
The back side edge of flat setting and pedal 14 is fixedly connected with the lower side of connecting plate 13, and two pieces of profiles of side plate 15 are set square, its
In one block of side plate 15 be connected between the right edge of pedal 14 and the right edge of connecting plate 13, one block of side plate 15 is connected to pedal 14 in addition
Between left side and the left side of connecting plate 13；Reinforcement is fixedly connected between the trailing flank of connecting plate 13 and the bottom of supporting plate 1
Gusset 16.The rear side of bottom plate 3 is equipped with balancing weight 12.It is provided with bottom plate 3 for manipulating the first supporting cylinder 8, second
Support the hydraulic station 19 of hydraulic cylinder 18, the first lifting hydraulic cylinder 5 and the second lifting hydraulic cylinder 6.
It is in the process for carrying out rigging up using mobile hoistable platform and operate drilling machine construction drilling：Movable type is risen
Drop platform is pushed on front side of working face, and workmen climbs up supporting plate 1 by pedal component 10, then passed through from supporting plate 1
Pedal component 10 climbs up top plate 2, and rig is installed on top plate 2, and operation hydraulic station 19 starts the first lifting hydraulic cylinder 5 and second
Lifting hydraulic cylinder 6, according to the height of drilling, adjust the work of the piston rod and the second lifting hydraulic cylinder 6 of the first lifting hydraulic cylinder 5
The length that stopper rod stretches out is until top plate 2 reaches setting construction height, and then operation hydraulic station 19 starts the He of the first supporting cylinder 8
Second supporting cylinder 18, the driving of the first supporting cylinder 8 are grabbed domain 9 and moved down, and the driving of the second supporting cylinder 18 grabs ground
Disk 9 is moved rearwards, final make it that grabbing domain 9 drops down onto ground, and the lower surface grasping teeth 17 for now grabbing domain 9 firmly grasps
Ground, finally start to start rig progress bore operation；After one drilling construction, above step is repeated and according to determination
Layout scheme of boreholes construct remaining drilling.
The present embodiment is not that the shape to the present invention, material, structure etc. make any formal limitation, every according to this hair
Any simple modification, equivalent change and modification that bright technical spirit is made to above example, belongs to the technology of the present invention side
The protection domain of case.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of tight roof and the porous controlled blasting softening method in coal seam, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
（1）, layout scheme of boreholes determined according to the tight roof and coal seam at underground place to be blasted, i.e., arrange three along working face total length
Group borehole, three groups of boreholes equi-spaced apart side by side up and down are set, and one group of borehole of wherein the one of the top group borehole and bottom is equal
For row's control hole group, middle one group of borehole is an explosive holes group, control hole group include it is some along working face total length side by side
Equi-spaced apart set control hole, blast hole group include it is some along working face total length side by side equi-spaced apart set blast hole, its
Between two adjacent control holes of the control hole group that the blast hole of borehole blasting hole group is positioned above on the center line of line；Often arrange
The centerline direction all same of the control hole of control hole group, the centerline direction all same of the blast hole per explosive holes group, institute
Some control holes are obliquely installed with blast hole from working towards tight roof direction, the center line of all control holes and blast hole
It is less than 45 ° with the angle of working face, wherein control hole and blast hole are drilling, determine the spacing of adjacent drilling；
（2）, determine layout scheme of boreholes after, build mobile hoistable platform at working face rear, rig be installed to movement
On formula hoistable platform, workmen station operates drilling machine construction blast hole and control hole on mobile hoistable platform, wherein drilling
Aperture between 75mm~90mm；
（3）, in blast hole powder charge and pass through stemming sealing of hole, implement explosion；
（4）, after explosion, the presplit blasting top coal at working face rear is loosened, and coal-winning machine is mined along the direction of propulsion of working face
Operation, the part spoil and presplit blasting top coal of the long-armed hanging tight roof at working face rear are caving automatically, pass through transport
Machine transports away the part spoil and coal body that are caving, removes hydraulic support and pushing ahead and hydraulic support stand exists again
Below roof, start coal-winning machine and working face is exploited, after working face pushes ahead certain step pitch, on working face rear
Can be reserved with overlying strata body one circulation the control hole for most descending row, these control holes as this circulation explosion control hole or
It is blast hole；
（5）, repeat step（2）-（4）, carry out the circulation explosion softening in tight roof and coal seam.
2. a kind of tight roof according to claim 1 and the porous controlled blasting softening method in coal seam, it is characterised in that：Step
Suddenly（1）In the spacing of adjacent drilling determined according to following principle：
1. determining the distance between two neighboring drilling, ensure in the generation crack in the radial direction along blast hole, formed broken
Circle or relaxation zone, ensure the uniformly softening of explosion influence area with this；
2. the determination of pitch of holes is obtained using numerically modeling by the way of engineering practice is combined, wherein numerically modeling refers to gas
Take out cycle and coal, two indexs of solid coefficient f of rock mass in advance.
3. a kind of tight roof according to claim 1 and the porous controlled blasting softening method in coal seam, it is characterised in that：Step
Suddenly（3）The middle method using foot of hole powder charge, the length of stemming sealing of hole are more than or equal to 1.5m and using big gun bar tamping big gun
Mud；The sockets for collecting energy of explosion, wherein direct initiation powder stick is carried out when carrying out explosion by the way of direct initiation and packet detonation
Towards foot of hole；Explosive payload in drilling determines how much is dose according to loaded length, while to be repaiied depending on the integrality of top coal
It is fixed, its calculation formula：K-- rock coefficients in formula, take 0.3~0.6；db-- blasthole diameter,l--Blasthole
Depth, l 1 -- non-loaded length, wherein the d-- spacings of wells, db、l、 l 1 Unit with d is m.
4. a kind of tight roof according to claim 1 and the porous controlled blasting softening method in coal seam, it is characterised in that：Step
Suddenly（2）Middle mobile hoistable platform includes supporting plate, top plate and the bottom plate being rectangle, and is evenly equipped with the bottom surrounding of bottom plate
Universal wheel, is equipped with balancing weight on rear side of bottom plate, and supporting plate is connected to plate upper surface by four group of first lifting hydraulic cylinder, and four
The first lifting hydraulic cylinder of group is distributed on the bottom of supporting plate, and the cylinder ends of every group of first lifting hydraulic cylinder are hinged on bottom plate upper table
Face, and the piston rod of every group of first lifting hydraulic cylinder is hinged on the bottom of supporting plate；Top plate passes through four group of second lifting hydraulic cylinder
Support plate upper surface is connected to, four group of second lifting hydraulic cylinder is distributed on the bottom of top plate, the cylinder of every group of second lifting hydraulic cylinder
Body end portion is hinged on support plate upper surface, and the piston rod of every group of second lifting hydraulic cylinder is hinged on the bottom of top plate；On top plate
Surface outer edge is provided with guardrail；It is provided with two groups of hydraulic pressure diagonal brace mechanisms on rear side of top plate, two groups of hydraulic pressure diagonal brace mechanisms are in left-right direction simultaneously
Row is set；Rig is assemblied on top plate；
Hydraulic pressure diagonal brace mechanism includes the first supporting cylinder, the second supporting cylinder and grabs domain, the cylinder of the first supporting cylinder
Body end portion is hinged on the rear side of top plate, and the piston rod of the first supporting cylinder is hinged on the rear side for grabbing domain upper surface, second
The cylinder ends of support hydraulic cylinder are hinged on the rear side of bottom plate, and the piston rod of the second supporting cylinder, which is hinged on, grabs domain upper surface
Front side, the lower surface for grabbing domain are provided with grasping teeth；
Pedal component is respectively connected with front side of the front side of top plate and supporting plate, being connected to the pedal component on front side of supporting plate includes connecting
Fishplate bar, pedal and two blocks of side plates, connecting plate are vertically fixed on the front side edge of supporting plate and the upper side edge edge of connecting plate and supporting plate
Upper surface flush, pedal horizontal set and the back side edge of pedal be fixedly connected with the lower side of connecting plate, two pieces of side plate profiles
It is set square, one of side plate is connected between pedal right edge and connecting plate right edge, and one block of side plate is connected in addition
Between pedal left side and connecting plate left side；Reinforcement is fixedly connected between the trailing flank of connecting plate and the bottom of supporting plate
Plate；
It is provided with bottom plate for manipulating the first supporting cylinder, the second supporting cylinder, the first lifting hydraulic cylinder and second
The hydraulic station of lifting hydraulic cylinder.
5. a kind of tight roof according to claim 4 and the porous controlled blasting softening method in coal seam, it is characterised in that：Step
Suddenly（2）Middle rigging up and the process of operation drilling machine construction drilling are：Mobile hoistable platform is pushed on front side of working face, construction
Personnel climb up supporting plate by pedal component, are then climbing up top plate by pedal component from supporting plate, rig is installed to
On top plate, operation hydraulic station starts the first lifting hydraulic cylinder and the second lifting hydraulic cylinder, according to the height of drilling, adjusts first liter
The length that the piston rod of the piston rod of descending liquid cylinder pressure and the second lifting hydraulic cylinder stretches out reaches setting construction height up to top plate,
Then operate hydraulic station and start the first supporting cylinder and the second supporting cylinder, it is downward that domain is grabbed in the driving of the first supporting cylinder
Mobile, the driving of the second supporting cylinder is grabbed domain and is moved rearwards, final make it that grabbing domain drops down onto ground, and now grabs domain
Lower surface grasping teeth is firmly grasped on ground, finally starts to start rig progress bore operation；After one drilling construction, weight
Answer above step and according to step（1）The layout scheme of boreholes of middle determination is constructed, and remaining drills.
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| CN108361011A (en) * | 2018-03-08 | 2018-08-03 | 河南理工大学 | The method for controlling Affected areas by mining from underworkings orientation hydraulic fracturing |
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| CN110671109A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2020-01-10 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Method for breaking roof of goaf behind corner of longwall working face |
| CN111520183A (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2020-08-11 | 安徽理工大学 | Method for treating gas generated by mining, blasting, roof cutting, pressure relief and permeability improvement of coal seam group under thick-layer sandstone |
| CN113090264A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-07-09 | 河南理工大学 | Horizontal deep borehole CO for hard coal seam and hard rock stratum2Fracturing safety roof control method |
| CN114458276A (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2022-05-10 | 淮北矿业股份有限公司 | High-gas mine thick-layer roof primary mining and top-discharging hydraulic fracturing method |
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| CN108361011A (en) * | 2018-03-08 | 2018-08-03 | 河南理工大学 | The method for controlling Affected areas by mining from underworkings orientation hydraulic fracturing |
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| CN110671109A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2020-01-10 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Method for breaking roof of goaf behind corner of longwall working face |
| CN111520183A (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2020-08-11 | 安徽理工大学 | Method for treating gas generated by mining, blasting, roof cutting, pressure relief and permeability improvement of coal seam group under thick-layer sandstone |
| CN113090264A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-07-09 | 河南理工大学 | Horizontal deep borehole CO for hard coal seam and hard rock stratum2Fracturing safety roof control method |
| CN114458276A (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2022-05-10 | 淮北矿业股份有限公司 | High-gas mine thick-layer roof primary mining and top-discharging hydraulic fracturing method |
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