CN103278055A - Roof-cutting pressure relief method in hard-roof deep-hole pre-splitting blasting - Google Patents
Roof-cutting pressure relief method in hard-roof deep-hole pre-splitting blasting Download PDFInfo
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- CN103278055A CN103278055A CN201310216309XA CN201310216309A CN103278055A CN 103278055 A CN103278055 A CN 103278055A CN 201310216309X A CN201310216309X A CN 201310216309XA CN 201310216309 A CN201310216309 A CN 201310216309A CN 103278055 A CN103278055 A CN 103278055A
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000003245 working Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002965 rope Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a roof-cutting pressure relief method in hard-roof deep-hole pre-splitting blasting, belongs to the technical field of blasting pressure relief, relates to a method of controlling coal pillar stress concentration and intense gob-side entry strata behaviors caused by suspension of gob hard roofs in thick seams and super high seams, and solves such problems of coal pillar stress concentration and intense gob-side entry strata behaviors caused by suspension of gob hard roofs in thick seams and super high seams. The method is effective and widely applicable and includes the steps of firstly, reserving a roof-cutting roadway in coal pillars along a seam roof before working face extraction in case of the seam being the super high seam; if the seam is the thick seam, directly using a mining roadway as a roof-cutting roadway; secondly, if the seam is the super high seam, longitudinally reserving blast holes in the roof strata above the roof-cutting roadway; and thirdly, loading explosives, sealing the holes and allowing for roof-cutting blasting.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the unloading pressure by blasting technical field, relate to the outstanding concentrated gob side entry ore deposit pressure that reaches of the coal column stress that causes of pushing up of a kind of high seam and super high seam goaf tight roof and manifest the strong method of preventing and treating, particularly relate to the presplit blasting of a kind of tight roof deep hole and cut top release method.
Background technology
In the exploitation of high seam and super high seam, when particularly top board was the bigger competent bed of multi-layered thickness, along with working face is pushed ahead, it was outstanding and do not collapse with the coal column to be that the strong point forms the cantilever beam of certain-length, is supporting overlying rock.Along with the working face periodic weighting, this layer top board tilts to the goaf at a certain angle, the spoil of inbreak is difficult to be full of the goaf, the side direction concentrated stress increases, coal column edge coal body destroys, concentrated stress shifts to the deep, causes strong ore deposits such as the sinking of contiguous working face extraction back, pucking, anchor pole (rope) fracture to be pressed and manifests, and easily brings out the bump disaster when serious.For addressing this problem, adopt with passive increasing protection pillar width and the method that adds strong supporting guarantees that roadway surrounding rock is stable more, and these methods are failed from addressing this problem at all, and have wasted coal resources.
Summary of the invention
Problem at the prior art existence, the invention provides the presplit blasting of a kind of tight roof deep hole and cut top release method, this method has solved high seam and the tight roof outstanding concentrated gob side entry ore deposit pressure that reaches of the coal column stress that causes of pushing up in super high seam goaf manifests problems such as strong, effect is obvious, has practicality widely.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme: top release method is cut in the presplit blasting of a kind of tight roof deep hole, comprises the steps:
Step 1: arrange and cut the tunnel, top
If coal seam thickness is greater than 8m, be super high seam, before working face extraction, in coal column, arrange along roof and cut the tunnel, top, and with the horizontal separation of stope drift active workings be 7m～9m;
If coal seam thickness is 3.5m～8m, be high seam, then directly described stope drift active workings are pushed up the tunnel as cutting;
Step 2: arrange blast hole
If the coal seam is super high seam, be vertically arranged with the blast hole of several inclinations in the roof strata above cutting the tunnel, top; If the coal seam is high seam, be vertically arranged with the blast hole of several inclinations in the coal seam above cutting the tunnel, top and the roof strata;
Blast hole and roof angle are 30 °～80 °, at the bottom of the blast hole hole to the vertical range of cutting the top back be 3～5 times of coal seam thickness, the blast hole diameter is 60mm～90mm;
Step 3: powder charge sealing of hole and cut the top explosion
Powder charge implements to cut the top explosion also by the stemming sealing of hole in blast hole; Loaded length is 0.6～0.75 times of blast hole hole depth, and stemming filling length is 0.25～0.4 times of blast hole hole depth.
Described blast hole is arranged on to be cut in top, tunnel, top and the roof strata near the stope drift active workings tunnel group adjacent with coal column.
Described blast hole is arranged in the same plane.
Distance between the described adjacent blast hole is 3m～5m.
Centre position between described adjacent blast hole is provided with control hole in parallel, and the diameter of control hole is 80mm～100mm; The control hole hole depth is all identical with the blast hole hole depth, and after setting up control hole, the distance between the described adjacent blast hole is 8m～10m; Described control hole does not need charge explosion, has controlled the direction of explosion energy effect on the one hand, has improved the utilization rate of explosion energy, has improved the effect of explosion; Played the effect of compensation space on the other hand, what make that coal body after the explosion destroys more evenly and not can be by compacting again, has eliminated the phenomenon that produces big compression ring after the deep hole standing.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention carries out presplit blasting to tight roof and cuts the top, has destroyed the integrality of tight roof.Along with the propelling of working face, tight roof has destroyed the cantilever beam structures of working face side direction top board along the crack fracture that presplit blasting produces, thereby coal column stress is reduced, and the plastic failure district reduces, and improves coal column stability; The surrouding rock stress in contiguous working face extraction tunnel reduces, and roadway deformation and destructiveness be corresponding reducing also, reduced the tunnel and overhauled number of times.The present invention has avoided owing to the outstanding top of tight roof large tracts of land causes coal column stress to concentrate the impulsion pressure disaster of bringing out.Effect of the present invention is obvious, has practicality widely.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is for adopting super high seam coal petrography section structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the A-A cutaway view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the B-B cutaway view of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is for adopting high seam coal petrography section structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the C-C cutaway view of Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 is the D-D cutaway view of Fig. 5;
Wherein, 1-stope drift active workings, 2-cut and push up tunnel, 3-coal column, 4-blast hole, 5-control hole, 6-working face, 7--coal seam, 8--roof strata;
α--blast hole (control hole) and roof angle, distance between W-adjacent blast hole, at the bottom of H--blast hole (control hole) hole to the vertical range of cutting the top back, the M--coal seam thickness, D1--blast hole diameter, D2--control hole diameter, L--blast hole (control hole) hole depth, S--cuts the horizontal separation between tunnel, top and the stope drift active workings.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Embodiment one:
As Fig. 1～shown in Figure 3, present embodiment coal seam thickness M is 10m, specifically may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: arrange and cut tunnel 2, top
Described coal seam 7 is super high seam 7, so before working face 6 back production, 7 top boards driving is cut tunnel 2, top along the coal seam in coal column 3, and the horizontal separation S that cuts between tunnel, top and the stope drift active workings is 7m;
Step 2: arrange blast hole 4 and control hole 5
Whole piece is cut blast hole 4 and the control hole 5 that inclination vertically is set in the roof strata 8 that pushes up 2 tops, tunnel, and control hole 5 is arranged on the centre position between the adjacent blast hole 4; Blast hole 4 and control hole 5 apertures are 1.5m with the tunnel group distance of cutting tunnel, top 2 close working faces 6, be arranged at the bottom of the hole in the tunnel group place perpendicular of stope drift active workings 1 near coal column 3, blast hole 4 and control hole 5 be arranged in parallel in same plane, blast hole (control hole) is 45 ° with roof angle α, distance W between the adjacent blast hole is 10m, at the bottom of blast hole (control hole) hole to the vertical range H that cuts the top back be 50m, blast hole diameter D1 is 85mm, control hole diameter D2 is 90mm, and blast hole (control hole) hole depth L is 70m;
Step 3: powder charge sealing of hole and cut the top explosion
Adopt continuous coupled mode that blast hole 4 is carried out powder charge, loaded length is 49m, adopts stemming to carry out sealing of hole, and stemming is made up of water stemming material and yellow mud, and sealed borehole length is 21m.Adopt double detonator, two primacord to ignite, the used explosive of explosion is three grades of emulsion explosive for coal mine, and explosive specification 70mm * 500mm implements to cut the top bursting work.
Embodiment two:
As Fig. 4～shown in Figure 5, present embodiment coal seam thickness M is 5m, specifically may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: arrange and cut tunnel 2, top
Described coal seam 7 is high seam 7, and described stope drift active workings 1 are pushed up tunnel 2 as cutting;
Step 2: arrange blast hole 4 and control hole 5
Whole piece is cut blast hole 4 and the control hole 5 that is vertically arranged with inclination in the coal seam 7 of 2 tops, tunnel, top and the roof strata 8, and control hole 5 is arranged on the centre position between the adjacent blast hole 4; Blast hole 4 and control hole 5 are 1.5m with the distance of pushing up 2 tunnels, tunnel group near cutting of coal column 3, blast hole 4 and control hole 5 be arranged in parallel in same perpendicular, blast hole (control hole) is 45 ° with roof angle α, distance W between the adjacent blast hole is 10m, at the bottom of blast hole (control hole) hole to the vertical range H that cuts the top back be 25m, blast hole diameter D1 is 85mm, and control hole diameter D2 is 90mm, and blast hole (control hole) hole depth L is 35m;
Step 3: powder charge sealing of hole and cut the top explosion
Adopt continuous coupled mode that blast hole 4 is carried out powder charge, loaded length is 24m, adopts stemming to carry out sealing of hole, and stemming is made up of water stemming material and yellow mud, and sealed borehole length is 11m.Adopt double detonator, two primacord to ignite, the used explosive of explosion is three grades of emulsion explosive for coal mine, and explosive specification 70mm * 500mm implements to cut the top bursting work.
Claims (5)
1. top release method is cut in tight roof deep hole presplit blasting, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
Step 1: arrange and cut the tunnel, top
If coal seam thickness is greater than 8m, be super high seam, before working face extraction, in coal column, arrange along roof and cut the tunnel, top, and with the horizontal separation of stope drift active workings be 7m～9m;
If coal seam thickness is 3.5m～8m, be high seam, then directly described stope drift active workings are pushed up the tunnel as cutting;
Step 2: arrange blast hole
If the coal seam is super high seam, be vertically arranged with the blast hole of several inclinations in the roof strata above cutting the tunnel, top; If the coal seam is high seam, be vertically arranged with the blast hole of several inclinations in the coal seam above cutting the tunnel, top and the roof strata;
Blast hole and roof angle are 30 °～80 °, at the bottom of the blast hole hole to the vertical range of cutting the top back be 3～5 times of coal seam thickness, the blast hole diameter is 60mm～90mm;
Step 3: powder charge sealing of hole and cut the top explosion
Powder charge implements to cut the top explosion also by the stemming sealing of hole in blast hole; Loaded length is 0.6～0.75 times of blast hole hole depth, and stemming filling length is 0.25～0.4 times of blast hole hole depth.
2. top release method is cut in tight roof deep hole according to claim 1 presplit blasting, it is characterized in that described blast hole is arranged in the roof strata of cutting tunnel top, top and helping near the stope drift active workings tunnel adjacent with coal column.
3. top release method is cut in tight roof deep hole according to claim 1 presplit blasting, it is characterized in that described blast hole is arranged in the same plane.
4. top release method is cut in tight roof deep hole according to claim 1 presplit blasting, it is characterized in that the distance between the described adjacent blast hole is 3m～5m.
5. top release method is cut in tight roof deep hole according to claim 1 presplit blasting, it is characterized in that the centre position between described adjacent blast hole is provided with control hole in parallel, and the diameter of control hole is 80mm～100mm; The control hole hole depth is all identical with the blast hole hole depth, and after setting up control hole, the distance between the described adjacent blast hole is 8m～10m.
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| CN201310216309.XA CN103278055B (en) | 2013-05-31 | 2013-05-31 | Roof-cutting pressure relief method in hard-roof deep-hole pre-splitting blasting |
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| CN103615286A (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2014-03-05 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Working face roof-cutting depressurizing method |
| CN103940568A (en) * | 2014-04-11 | 2014-07-23 | 中国矿业大学 | Method for detecting pressure relief blasting effect of hard roof |
| CN104100266A (en) * | 2014-08-04 | 2014-10-15 | 山东科技大学 | Method for preventing gob-side roadway rock burst |
| CN104462659A (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2015-03-25 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Composite strata behavior analyzing method for hard overlying strata |
| CN104481537A (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2015-04-01 | 山西潞安环保能源开发股份有限公司 | Gas phase fracturing roof weakening treatment and safety caving method |
| CN104790954A (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2015-07-22 | 黑龙江科技大学 | Roadside packing gob-side entry retaining top-cutting explosion pressure relief method |
| CN103557006B (en) * | 2013-11-21 | 2015-10-28 | 兖矿集团有限公司 | Tunnel reasonable Arrangement method under large area tight roof |
| CN105569659A (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2016-05-11 | 中国矿业大学 | Tunnel hydraulic cutting line oriented blasting roof cutting pressure relief method |
| CN105606002A (en) * | 2016-01-12 | 2016-05-25 | 中国矿业大学 | Layered pre-splitting blasting method for reducing coal mine thick and hard stratum breaking disaster-causing risks |
| CN106643355A (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2017-05-10 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Forced roof caving method for hugely-thick hard roof in deep coal mine |
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| CN107152279A (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2017-09-12 | 天地科技股份有限公司 | Wangeviry stope top plate hydraulic fracturing method for weakening and device |
| CN107313777A (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2017-11-03 | 天地科技股份有限公司 | The main return channel hydraulic fracturing pressure relief method of fully-mechanized mining working and device |
| CN107387085A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2017-11-24 | 河南理工大学 | A kind of tight roof and the porous controlled blasting softening method in coal seam |
| CN108548460A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-09-18 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of method of blast hole and large diameter borehole coupling release prevention bump |
| CN109162712A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2019-01-08 | 北京矿冶科技集团有限公司 | A method of control avalanche goaf above rock differential settlement |
| CN109209495A (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2019-01-15 | 天地科技股份有限公司 | The stopping of a kind of fully-mechanized mining working cutting top unloading pressure protection method on the face of adopting |
| CN109630171A (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2019-04-16 | 山西潞安环保能源开发股份有限公司常村煤矿 | A method of along top tunnel along backplane relieving roadway floor lift control |
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| CN111828006A (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2020-10-27 | 重庆大学 | Small coal pillar pressure relief method for interval type mechanical cutting of hard top plate |
| CN112179228A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-01-05 | 太原理工大学 | Deep hole subsection blasting joint cutting control top plate overall collapse method |
| CN112196532A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-01-08 | 安徽理工大学 | Method for reducing stress of coal pillar by pre-splitting roof rock stratum through large-diameter deep-hole spherical explosive package |
| CN112647945A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-04-13 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Hard roof cutting method for protective layer mining |
| CN113356863A (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2021-09-07 | 中国矿业大学 | High-low combined presplitting blasting method for hard top plate of coal face in subareas |
| WO2022110615A1 (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2022-06-02 | 中煤科工开采研究院有限公司 | Three-level prevention and control method for rock burst roadway |
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