CN111550246A - Novel caving mining method for steeply-inclined crushed ultra-thick stone coal type vanadium ore - Google Patents
Novel caving mining method for steeply-inclined crushed ultra-thick stone coal type vanadium ore Download PDFInfo
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- CN111550246A CN111550246A CN202010506151.XA CN202010506151A CN111550246A CN 111550246 A CN111550246 A CN 111550246A CN 202010506151 A CN202010506151 A CN 202010506151A CN 111550246 A CN111550246 A CN 111550246A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F13/00—Transport specially adapted to underground conditions
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- E21F13/066—Scraper chain conveyors
Abstract
A novel caving mining method for steeply-inclined broken ultra-thick stone coal type vanadium ore belongs to the technical field of vanadium ore mining, and aims to provide a safe, efficient and high-recovery-rate mining method for steeply-inclined ultra-thick stone coal type vanadium ore, a set of mining method combining a back mining process and a caving mining back mining process by applying a comprehensive mechanical heading machine to mine instead of mining is formulated according to the thickness of an ore bed of the steeply-inclined stone coal type vanadium ore, compared with the traditional low-section vertical fan-shaped deep-hole bottomless column open yard method, the mining method has the advantages of high mechanization degree, mechanical heading is adopted in large lanes in veins, a method of 'repeated adding-unloading mechanical loosening action of a hydraulic support for caving ore mining' is adopted for a top ore body, disturbance damage to broken top and bottom plate surrounding rocks can be greatly reduced, the integrity of the top and bottom plate surrounding rocks are kept, and the mixing of the top and bottom plate rocks is effectively reduced, the mining rate of the mine is improved, and the dilution rate of the ore is reduced, so that the washing and dressing cost of the ore is reduced, and the economic benefit of enterprises is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vanadium ore mining, and particularly relates to a novel caving mining method for steeply-inclined crushed ultra-thick stone coal type vanadium ore.
Background
The vanadium ore resources in China mainly comprise vanadium iron ores and stone coal ores, the vanadium ores with mining values mainly comprise stone coal, and the vanadium-containing stone coal is an important development direction for the utilization of the vanadium ore resources in China. The Shanyang-Shannan in Shaanxi province is the most developed, the zone contains ore layers, the thickness of ore bodies is stable, the continuity of the ore bodies is good, and the zone is a typical deposit. The ore body is the interbedded layer of the lower section of the water ditch group of the frigid-force system of carbon silicalite and mudstone, also called carbon silicalite mudstone, and is very easy to collapse, and the mined ore is also very easy to solidify and harden like loess. The vanadium ore body and surrounding rocks of the upper and lower trays are not stable, joint cracks develop very well, and collapse is easy to form.
At present, the steeply inclined stone coal type navajoite generally adopts a low-order section vertical fan-shaped deep hole bottomless column empty field method, ore removal inlet paths (ore drawing ports) are 10m apart, actual effective ore removal radius is small due to overlarge intervals, a large amount of ore is retained in a 10m wide ore column range, and loss rate is high. The 'ore removal' operation can not be organized in the first time after blasting ore falling, the ore body is hardened for the second time after long-term storage, the ore removal difficulty is increased, the ore removal for the second time is easy to form the ore body similar to a 'straight barrel-shaped chimney', and the loss of the ore body is aggravated.
Therefore, how to safely, efficiently and high-recovery-rate mining the steeply inclined ultra-thick stone coal type vanadium ore is a problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a safe, efficient and high-recovery-rate mining method for steeply inclined super-thick stone coal type vanadium ore.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a novel caving mining method for steeply-inclined crushed ultra-thick stone coal type vanadium ore comprises the following steps:
firstly, designing a mining area: dividing a middle section every 44m in the vertical direction, and dividing two stages in the middle section for mining, wherein each stage comprises a mechanical mining section, a caving mining section and a middle section column from bottom to top;
secondly, arranging a roadway: arranging an extra-vein transportation main roadway outside the vein of the ore body along the trend of the ore body, excavating an ore removal route along the direction with an included angle of 60 degrees with the vertical direction of the main roadway at intervals of 400m, excavating to the center of the thickness direction of the ore body, mechanically excavating the intra-vein stoping main roadway along the trend direction of the ore body along the bottom of the stage in the later stage by adopting a cantilever type excavating machine, and then withdrawing the cantilever type excavating machine;
thirdly, the mining method comprises the following steps: the mining section of the machine adopts a top ore caving mining process, two crawler traveling type hydraulic supports are arranged at the end part of a large mining roadway in a vein, a scraper conveyor is arranged between the two crawler traveling type hydraulic supports, the scraper conveyor and the crawler traveling type hydraulic supports are arranged in parallel, the head of the scraper conveyor is arranged outside the crawler traveling type hydraulic supports, the tail of the scraper conveyor is arranged in the crawler traveling type hydraulic supports, ore is drawn in a retreating mode, loose blast holes are shot in advance along the advancing direction of a working face, the row spacing is 1m, the crawler traveling type hydraulic supports move forward by 1 step distance, the loose blast is shot, the scraper conveyor is started, ore drawing ports on shield beams of 2 crawler traveling type hydraulic supports are gradually opened, top ore bodies are conveyed out of a goaf behind the supports through the scraper conveyors among the crawler traveling type hydraulic supports, after ore drawing is finished, the ore drawing ports are closed, a winch is used for pulling the front scraper conveyor by 1 step distance, repeating the above retreating ore drawing process until the recovery work of the whole working face is completed.
In the first step, the height of the stage is 22m, the height of the machine mining section is 4m, the height of the caving mining section is 12m, and the thickness of the middle section column is 6 m.
In the second step, the length of the intra-vein stoping main lane is 100-400m, the width is 6-8m, and the height is 4 m.
In the second step, the widths of the top beam and the shield beam of the crawler traveling type hydraulic support are larger than the width of the top plate within the range of 1.2m between the supports.
In the second step, the included angle between the ore removal route and the intra-vein stoping main roadway is 90 degrees, and the included angle between the ore removal route and the extra-vein transportation main roadway is 90 degrees.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
compared with the background technology, the invention has obvious advancement, a set of mining method combining the back mining process of mining by using a comprehensive mechanized development machine and the caving ore back mining process is established according to the thickness of the ore bed of the steeply inclined stone coal type vanadium ore, the physical and mechanical properties of the ore and the like, compared with the traditional low-section vertical fan-shaped deep hole bottomless column empty field method, the mechanical development degree is high, the large lane in the vein adopts the mechanical development, the top ore body adopts the mechanical loosening action of repeated loading-unloading of a caving ore hydraulic support (if the top ore body needs to be further loosened, a loose gun with small medicine loading amount is further adopted), the disturbance damage to the broken top and bottom plate surrounding rock can be greatly reduced, the integrity of the top and bottom plate surrounding rock is kept, the mixing of the top and bottom plate rock is effectively reduced, the back mining rate is improved, the dilution rate of the ore is reduced, and the washing and selecting cost of the ore is reduced, and the economic benefit of enterprises is improved.
The method has the advantages that the traditional horizontal fan-shaped deep hole stage chamber method or the segmented open stope mining method can be avoided, the ore removal route is far away from the thickness center direction of the ore body and is not beneficial to ore falling work of ore jacking, the loss rate of ore jacking is high, the problem that the ore removal route is not supported in the traditional method and has high safety risk, workers cannot go deep into the ore removal route under the ore jacking to complete the raking and transporting work of the ore jacking is avoided, and the ore recovery rate is low. The mining method is a safe, economic and efficient mining method for steeply dipping and crushing the ultra-thick stone coal type vanadium ore.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view structural schematic diagram of an ore body arrangement of the mining method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a left side structural schematic view of an ore body layout of the mining method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 2;
wherein: 1-extravenal transportation main lane; 2-ore removal and access; 3-mining a main roadway in the vein; 4-crawler walking hydraulic support; 5-a scraper conveyor; 6-mine jacking; 7-stud.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in the figure, a method for mining the caving ore of the steeply inclined ultra-thick (10-20 m) stone coal type vanadium ore. The method comprises roadway arrangement, equipment matching and mining.
Aiming at the occurrence characteristics of 'sharp dip + extra thick', the method is divided into a middle section at intervals of 44m, the middle section is divided into 2 stages for mining, the height of each stage is 22m, the mechanical mining height is 4m, the ore drawing height is 12m, and the thickness of a middle section column is 6 m.
Arranging an extra-vein transportation main roadway outside the vein of the ore body along the trend direction of the ore body, excavating an ore removal approach along the direction with an included angle of 60 degrees with the vertical direction of the main roadway and to the center of the thickness direction of the ore body every 400m, and then excavating an intra-vein stoping main roadway along the trend direction of the ore body, wherein the length is 100-400 m.
The intra-vein stoping main lane is developed by adopting a cantilever type fully-mechanized excavating machine, and then a secondary conveying lap joint belt conveyor is matched to finish the ore transportation.
The large intra-vein stoping roadway is arranged according to a comprehensive mechanical tunneling working face, and the main equipment comprises: a cantilever type development machine, a secondary transportation belt conveyor.
The large intra-vein stoping roadway is arranged according to a comprehensive mechanical top-caving mining working surface, and the retreating type ore-caving stoping mainly comprises the following equipment: a crawler walking type caving ore hydraulic support, a scraper conveyor, a bridge type reversed loader, a crusher and a belt conveyor.
The top ore body adopts a top ore drawing mining process, and the matched equipment comprises a crawler belt walking type hydraulic support and a scraper conveyor to finish ore drawing and conveying operation. Wherein: according to the design form of the traditional shield beam of the hydraulic support for caving ores, the shield beam of the crawler traveling type hydraulic support is adjusted and improved, and the widths of the top beam and the shield beam are increased, so that the top plate within the range of 1.2m between the supports can be completely supported.
(3) The mining method comprises the following steps:
and (4) stoping the vein roadway by adopting a cantilever type heading machine, and completing the stoping operation of the ore body in the vein roadway by arranging and matching comprehensive mechanical heading face equipment.
The top ore body adopts a top-drawing stoping process to arrange a stoping face, namely: 2 locally improved crawler walking type hydraulic supports (with the support tails facing the end part of the roadway) are arranged at the end part of the large mining roadway in the vein and in the direction perpendicular to the trend direction of the large mining roadway in the vein, 1 scraper conveyor is arranged in the middle of the 2 supports, the machine tail is arranged below a support shield beam, and the ore is drawn in a retreating mode until the ore drawing operation of the ore body at the top of the roadway in the whole vein is completed.
And finishing the stoping work of all ore bodies in the stage by the two-step curve. The height of a middle section is 44m, the middle section is divided into 2 stages, the mining operation of an ore body is completed in each stage by 'two-step curve', and the development operation of an intra-vein roadway is completed by adopting a comprehensive mechanical tunneling process in the first step; and the second step adopts a comprehensive top ore drawing and stoping process to finish the ore drawing and stoping operation of the top ore body. And a stud with the thickness of 6m is reserved between the stages to maintain the safety of a mining operation area of the next stage.
The method comprises the following specific main steps:
a: arranging a comprehensive mechanical tunneling working face, and tunneling to an end of an intra-vein stoping large roadway by using a cantilever type tunneling machine to finish the stoping work of the intra-vein roadway ore body, wherein the width of the intra-vein roadway is determined according to specific ore body occurrence conditions and equipment matching and is generally 6-8 m;
b: after the mining work of the ore body in the vein is finished, the heading machine is withdrawn, the preparation work of the caving face is finished, meanwhile, the heading machine is moved to the next tunnel in the vein, the step a is repeated, and the next caving face is prepared;
c: the installation of the caving face equipment is matched: 2 locally improved crawler walking type hydraulic supports (the support tails face the end part of the roadway) are arranged at the end part of the intra-vein stoping large roadway and in the direction perpendicular to the trend direction of the intra-vein stoping large roadway, 1 scraper conveyor is arranged in the middle of the 2 supports, the machine head is arranged outside the supports, and the machine tail is arranged below a support shield beam;
d: the method adopts a top-caving stoping process, and comprises the following specific steps: start scraper conveyor, progressively open put up back ore drawing outrigger, the top ore body that scatters transports out of a frame rear space (according to particular case, can adopt to put not hard up big gun to the fragmentation of increase top ore body more is favorable to the ore removal operation of top ore body) via scraper conveyor between the frame, treat that the majority of ore drawing mouth outflow is when the barren rock, close the ore drawing mouth, promptly: finishing the mining work of the top ore body within 1 step;
e: sequentially moving the crawler walking hydraulic support and the scraper conveyor forward by 1 step pitch to prepare ore drawing operation of the next step pitch;
f: and finishing the ore stoping operation of the whole intra-vein stoping main roadway.
Claims (5)
1. A novel caving mining method for steeply-inclined crushed ultra-thick stone coal type vanadium ore is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, designing a mining area: dividing a middle section every 44m in the vertical direction, and dividing two stages in the middle section for mining, wherein each stage comprises a mechanical mining section, a caving mining section and a middle section column from bottom to top;
secondly, arranging a roadway: arranging an extra-vein transportation main roadway outside the vein of the ore body along the trend of the ore body, excavating an ore removal route along the direction with an included angle of 60 degrees with the vertical direction of the main roadway at intervals of 400m, excavating to the center of the thickness direction of the ore body, mechanically excavating the intra-vein stoping main roadway along the trend direction of the ore body along the bottom of the stage in the later stage by adopting a cantilever type excavating machine, and then withdrawing the cantilever type excavating machine;
thirdly, the mining method comprises the following steps: the mining section of the machine adopts a top ore caving mining process, two crawler traveling type hydraulic supports are arranged at the end part of a large mining roadway in a vein, a scraper conveyor is arranged between the two crawler traveling type hydraulic supports, the scraper conveyor and the crawler traveling type hydraulic supports are arranged in parallel, the head of the scraper conveyor is arranged outside the crawler traveling type hydraulic supports, the tail of the scraper conveyor is arranged in the crawler traveling type hydraulic supports, ore is drawn in a retreating mode, loose blast holes are shot in advance along the advancing direction of a working face, the row spacing is 1m, the crawler traveling type hydraulic supports move forward by 1 step distance, the loose blast is shot, the scraper conveyor is started, ore drawing ports on shield beams of 2 crawler traveling type hydraulic supports are gradually opened, top ore bodies are conveyed out of a goaf behind the supports through the scraper conveyors among the crawler traveling type hydraulic supports, after ore drawing is finished, the ore drawing ports are closed, a winch is used for pulling the front scraper conveyor by 1 step distance, repeating the above retreating ore drawing process until the recovery work of the whole working face is completed.
2. The novel caving mining method of the steeply-inclined crushed ultra-thick stone coal type vanadium ore according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the first step, the height of the stage is 22m, the height of the machine mining section is 4m, the height of the caving mining section is 12m, and the thickness of the middle section column is 6 m.
3. The novel caving mining method of the steeply-inclined crushed ultra-thick stone coal type vanadium ore according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, the length of the intra-vein stoping main lane is 100-400m, the width is 6-8m, and the height is 4 m.
4. The novel caving mining method of the steeply-inclined crushed ultra-thick stone coal type vanadium ore according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, the widths of the top beam and the shield beam of the crawler traveling type hydraulic support are larger than the width of the top plate within the range of 1.2m between the supports.
5. The novel caving mining method of the steeply-inclined crushed ultra-thick stone coal type vanadium ore according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, the included angle between the ore removal route and the intra-vein stoping main roadway is 90 degrees, and the included angle between the ore removal route and the extra-vein transportation main roadway is 90 degrees.
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