CN112432570B - Controlled blasting construction method for vertical shaft wall beam nest - Google Patents
Controlled blasting construction method for vertical shaft wall beam nest Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 158
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D1/00—Sinking shafts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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Abstract
The invention relates to a controlled blasting construction method for a vertical shaft wall beam nest, which comprises the following steps: determining a beam nest outline boundary on a vertical shaft wall; arranging and constructing a group of corner point blast holes at each corner point of the beam nest according to the outline boundary of the beam nest, arranging and constructing a central blast hole at the center of the beam nest, and arranging and constructing at least one group of auxiliary blast holes between each corner point blast hole and the central blast hole; arranging a 90-degree cutting charge pipe in each corner point blast hole, and arranging a first section of explosive and a second section of explosive in each central blast hole and each auxiliary blast hole; and detonating according to the detonation sequence of the angular point blast hole explosive, the center blast hole top explosive, the auxiliary blast hole top explosive, the center blast hole bottom explosive and the auxiliary blast hole bottom explosive to complete the controlled blasting construction of the beam nest. According to the invention, the 90-degree joint-cutting explosive packages are arranged in the blast holes of the corner points of the peripheral holes of the beam nest to form vibration isolation pre-cracks, and the safe and efficient control blasting of the beam nest of the vertical shaft well wall is realized by adopting a staged and segmented blasting mode in the main blasting area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a construction method of a shaft wall beam nest of a vertical shaft of a mine, in particular to a blasting construction method of the beam nest, and specifically relates to a controlled blasting construction method of the shaft wall beam nest of the vertical shaft.
Background
In mine construction engineering, vertical shaft construction is a throat engineering for the construction of the whole mining area, and the construction speed directly determines the progress of the construction and production of the mining area. Because the construction space of the vertical shaft is narrow and small, the free surface is single, the maintenance structure is complex, the change of the lithology of the stratum passing through is large, the water inflow is large, the construction difficulty is large, the requirement on the construction safety is high, and the construction speed of the vertical shaft is greatly limited. The vertical shaft is used as a vertical shaft wall maintenance structure, plays the roles of a support body and a waterproof layer, and the integrity and the stability of the vertical shaft are direct determining factors of safe production and service life of a mine. Because the beam nest prefabrication on the well wall is long in time consumption and complex in process, the beam nest construction is usually carried out by adopting a method of manually digging the beam nest in practical engineering application, but the construction efficiency of the method is low, and the installation progress of vertical shaft equipment is seriously influenced.
The main construction method of the existing well wall beam nest comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of chiseling a beam nest, reserving the beam nest and a resin anchor rod beam nest, wherein the construction process of chiseling the beam nest is complex, the labor intensity is high, and the consumed time is long. The reserved beam nest template is not easy to fix when a well wall is poured, the position is difficult to guarantee to be accurate, the construction precision cannot be guaranteed, and the utilization rate of the beam nest is low. The resin anchor rod beam nest has multiple working procedures and high cost during construction, and the requirement on the position construction precision of the anchor rod hole is high. The three methods have the limitations of low construction efficiency, long shaft construction time and difficult construction.
Although the prior patent application CN110196002A mentions a blasting construction method, it only opens a group of central holes, i.e. a first group of blast holes, in the main blasting area at the center of the beam nest and expands outward to form a second group of blast holes and a third group of blast holes, and the focus of attention is the different section of detonator initiation mode at the top and bottom of each blast hole, so as to form a multi-section gradient blasting mode, and each group of blast holes are connected to form a multi-stage blasting network; although the form of directional fracture control blasting charging of the joint-cutting explosive package is also adopted, the joint-cutting explosive package is used for a blast hole of a main blasting area, and only conventional directional blasting is realized; although holes are arranged along the outline area of the beam nest, the holes are explosion-proof holes, the holes are densely arranged, and no charge is filled in the holes, so that the explosion vibration is reduced, and the explosion damage is reduced. Meanwhile, the existence of the explosion-proof holes inevitably weakens the blasting effect of blast holes in the central area on the periphery of the beam pit, so that the peripheral outline of the beam pit has an insufficient blasting situation, the punching workload is increased, the construction period of the beam pit is prolonged, and manual pneumatic picks are needed for chiseling.
When the beam nest is constructed by the traditional loosening vibration isolation blasting method, the number of required blast holes is large, the punching time is long, the time for installing shaft equipment is long, the beam nest is not formed after blasting, and the beam nest is required to be matched with an artificial pneumatic pick for expanding and brushing for forming. The blasting load has severe damage effect on the concrete well wall, and has great influence on the structural strength and stability of the well wall, so that the service life of the shaft is reduced, and the safety performance is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The following presents a simplified summary of the invention in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the invention. It should be understood that this summary is not an exhaustive overview of the invention, and it is not intended to identify key or critical elements of the invention or to delineate the scope of the invention. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to realize safe and efficient blasting construction of the vertical shaft wall beam nest and ensure blasting forming quality of the beam nest, and provides a blasting control construction method of the vertical shaft wall beam nest, which is used for blasting construction of the vertical shaft wall beam nest, in particular blasting construction of the shaft wall beam nest in mine vertical shaft construction.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention firstly provides a controlled blasting construction method of a vertical shaft wall beam nest, which comprises the following steps:
s10: determining a beam nest outline boundary on a vertical shaft wall;
s20: arranging and constructing a group of corner point blast holes at each corner point of the beam nest according to the outline boundary of the beam nest, arranging and constructing a central blast hole at the center of the beam nest, and arranging and constructing at least one group of auxiliary blast holes between each corner point blast hole and the central blast hole;
s30: preparing a 90-degree joint-cutting explosive tube, wherein the outer diameter of the 90-degree joint-cutting explosive tube is smaller than the inner diameter of a blast hole at an angular point, and carrying out radial non-coupling explosive charging on the 90-degree joint-cutting explosive tube;
s40: arranging a 90-degree slitting explosive tube in each angular point blast hole, enabling one slitting of the 90-degree slitting explosive tube in any angular point blast hole to be opposite to one slitting of the 90-degree slitting explosive tube in an adjacent angular point blast hole on one side, enabling the other slitting of the 90-degree slitting explosive tube in any angular point blast hole to be opposite to one slitting of the 90-degree slitting explosive tubes in an adjacent angular point blast hole on the other side, arranging a first section of explosive and a second section of explosive in each central blast hole, and arranging a first section of explosive and a second section of explosive in each auxiliary blast hole;
s50: and detonating according to the detonation sequence of the angular point blast hole explosive, the center blast hole top explosive, the auxiliary blast hole top explosive, the center blast hole bottom explosive and the auxiliary blast hole bottom explosive to complete the controlled blasting construction of the beam nest.
As an improvement, the method further comprises the following steps:
s21: and arranging and constructing a group of guide holes at the midpoint of the connecting line of the blast holes of the two adjacent corner points in the height direction of the beam nest, wherein the guide holes are not filled with powder.
As an improvement, the method further comprises the following steps:
s21: arranging and constructing a group of peripheral blast holes at the midpoint of a connecting line of blast holes of two adjacent angular points in the height direction of the beam nest;
s31: preparing a 180-degree joint-cutting explosive tube, wherein the outer diameter of the 180-degree joint-cutting explosive tube is smaller than the inner diameter of a peripheral blast hole, and carrying out radial non-coupling explosive charging on the 180-degree joint-cutting explosive tube;
s41: and arranging 180-degree slitting explosive pipes in each peripheral blast hole, wherein one slitting of the 180-degree slitting explosive pipe in any peripheral blast hole is opposite to one slitting of the 90-degree slitting explosive pipe in the adjacent side angle point blast hole, and the other slitting of the 180-degree slitting explosive pipe in any peripheral blast hole is opposite to one slitting of the 90-degree slitting explosive pipe in the adjacent other side angle point blast hole.
As an improvement, the method further comprises the following steps:
s22: and arranging and constructing a group of guide holes at the middle point of the connecting line of the adjacent corner point blast holes and the peripheral blast holes in the height direction of the beam nest, wherein the guide holes are not filled with powder.
As an improvement, when the height h of the beam nest is 400-600 mm, 2 rows of auxiliary blast holes are arranged along the height direction;
and when the height h of the beam nest is 600-1000 mm, 4 rows of auxiliary blast holes are arranged along the height direction.
As an improvement, the length of the 90-degree slitting explosive tube is not shorter than 3/4 of the depth of the blast hole at the corner point, and the top of the blast hole is blocked by yellow stemming within the length range of not more than 1/4;
preferably, the 90-degree cutting seam medicine tube is formed by cutting two longitudinal cutting seams on the tube walls of two adjacent surfaces of the medicine tube, the longitudinal cutting seams are not communicated, and the two cutting seams form a 90-degree included angle.
As an improvement, the length of the 180 DEG slitting explosive tube is not shorter than 3/4 of the depth of the peripheral blast hole, and the top of the blast hole is blocked by yellow stemming within the range of not more than 1/4 of the length;
preferably, the 180-degree cutting seam medicine tube is formed by cutting two longitudinal cutting seams on the tube walls of two opposite surfaces of the medicine tube, the longitudinal cutting seams are not communicated, and the two cutting seams form an included angle of 180 degrees.
As an improvement, the relation between the kerf width s, the length l of the non-kerf segment and the diameter r of the kerf chemical tube satisfies the relation that s is (1/10-1/12) r, and l is (1.5-2.5) r.
As an improvement, the distance between each corner point blast hole and the adjacent auxiliary blast hole is 0.2-0.3 m, the distance between the central blast hole and the auxiliary blast hole is 0.1-0.2 m, and the distance between the adjacent auxiliary blast holes is 0.1-0.2 m.
As an improvement, in step S30, each central blasthole charging structure is a bottom high-section detonator and a top low-section detonator, and each auxiliary blasthole charging structure is a bottom high-section detonator and a top low-section detonator; the section of the detonator at the bottom of the central blast hole is lower than that of the detonator at the bottom of the auxiliary blast hole, and the section of the detonator at the top of the central blast hole is lower than that of the detonator at the top of the auxiliary blast hole;
preferably, explosives in the corner blast hole and the peripheral blast holes are detonated by 1 st millisecond delay electric detonators, top and bottom explosives in the central blast hole are detonated by 2 nd and 4 th millisecond delay electric detonators respectively, top and bottom explosives in the auxiliary blast holes are detonated by 3 rd and 5 th millisecond delay electric detonators respectively, and the differential interval time is more than 20 ms.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the 90-degree joint-cutting explosive packages are arranged in the blast holes of the corner points of the peripheral holes of the beam nest to form vibration isolation pre-cracks, and the safe and efficient control blasting of the beam nest of the vertical shaft well wall is realized by adopting a staged and segmented blasting mode in the main blasting area. Specifically, the practical effects of the present invention include, but are not limited to:
1. the primary explosion area adopts a staged and segmented explosion mode, and the explosive detonated first can provide a larger free surface for the explosive detonated later, so that the clamping effect is reduced.
2. The 90-degree joint cutting explosive tube is used at the corner of the beam nest profile, the joint cutting explosive tube is firstly initiated to form a pre-crack, the damage of explosive explosion to the well wall in beam nest blasting is reduced, and the integrity of the well wall is ensured.
3. The pre-cracks are formed by cutting the explosive tube at 90 degrees, so that the number of peripheral blast holes or vibration isolation holes is reduced or eliminated, and the construction efficiency of the beam nest is improved.
4. The guiding function of the middle guide hole enables the splitting function of explosion in two adjacent corner point blast holes to be split and communicated at the outline boundary of the beam nest between the two corner point blast holes, so that a communicated pre-crack is formed, and the blasting forming effect of the boundary of the beam nest is ensured.
5. The 180-degree joint-cutting explosive tube and the 90-degree joint-cutting explosive tube on the periphery act together to ensure that the boundary of the beam nest profile between the blast holes at two angular points is split and communicated, so that a communicated pre-crack is formed.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
The structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the present specification are only used for matching with the contents disclosed in the specification, so that those skilled in the art can understand and read the present invention, and do not limit the conditions for implementing the present invention, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modifications, changes in the ratio relationship, or adjustments of the sizes, without affecting the functions and purposes of the present invention, shall fall within the scope covered by the technical contents disclosed in the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a beam socket according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a slit cartridge installation according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of a charge in a beam cavity according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of area A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 3;
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of FIG. 3;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a corner point blast hole structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a slit cartridge installation according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic plan view of another embodiment of the charge of the beam cavity of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 10;
FIG. 12 is a schematic sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 10;
FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of FIG. 10;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a slit cartridge installation according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is an enlarged view of area B of FIG. 14;
FIG. 16 is a schematic plan view of a charge in a beam cavity according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a schematic sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 16;
FIG. 18 is a schematic plan view of a slit-shaped cartridge according to the present invention;
figure 19 is a schematic view of the cross-sectional configuration D-D of figure 18 (90 ° slit cartridge);
figure 20 is a schematic view of the cross-sectional configuration D-D of figure 18 (180 deg. slit cartridge).
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are provided to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
It is to be understood that the terms "comprises/comprising," "consisting of … …," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a product, apparatus, process, or method that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such product, apparatus, process, or method if desired. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising/including … …," "consisting of … …," or "comprising" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a product, device, process, or method that comprises the element.
It will be further understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like, refer to an orientation or positional relationship illustrated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present invention and to simplify description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device, component, or structure must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, or be operated in a particular manner, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The technical solution of the present invention is specifically explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1-7, a controlled blasting construction method for a shaft wall beam nest of a vertical shaft comprises the following steps:
firstly, determining a beam-nest contour boundary 2 on a vertical shaft wall 1; taking the wall of a mine vertical shaft as an example, the width w of the beam nest is 300-500 mm, the height h is 400-1000 mm, and the depth d is 400-1000 mm.
A group of corner point blast holes 4 are arranged and constructed at each corner point of a beam nest 3 according to the beam nest outline boundary 2, a central blast hole 5 is arranged and constructed in the center of the beam nest 3, and at least one group of auxiliary blast holes 6 are arranged and constructed between each corner point blast hole 4 and the central blast hole 5.
The auxiliary blast holes are distributed around the periphery of the central blast hole, the number of the auxiliary blast holes is determined according to the size of the beam nest, and the auxiliary blast holes can be distributed in a circle or a plurality of circles.
When the height h of the beam nest is 400-600 mm, arranging 2 rows of auxiliary blast holes in the height direction; when the beam nest height h is 600 ~ 1000mm, the beam nest was the deep beam this moment, and supplementary big gun hole arranges 4 rows along direction of height to ensure that the rock mass can be by abundant blasting in the 3 blasting districts in beam nest. Certainly, for the trabecula with the height h of 200-400 mm, the sufficient blasting of the blasting area can be realized only by the central blast hole, and the auxiliary blast hole is not needed to be arranged at the moment.
After the blast holes are opened, preparing a 90-degree joint-cutting explosive tube 9, wherein the outer diameter of the 90-degree joint-cutting explosive tube 9 is smaller than the inner diameter of the blast hole at the angular point, and carrying out radial non-coupling explosive charging on the 90-degree joint-cutting explosive tube;
the method is characterized in that a 90-degree slitting explosive tube 9 is arranged in each corner point blast hole 4, as shown in figures 2 and 4, one slitting of the 90-degree slitting explosive tube in any corner point blast hole is opposite to one slitting of the 90-degree slitting explosive tube in the adjacent side corner point blast hole, the other slitting of the 90-degree slitting explosive tube in any corner point blast hole is opposite to one slitting of the 90-degree slitting explosive tube in the adjacent other side corner point blast hole, a first section of explosive and a second section of explosive are arranged in each central blast hole 5, and a first section of explosive and a second section of explosive are arranged in each auxiliary blast hole 6. Yellow stemming 12 is used as a spacing medium between the first section explosive and the second section explosive.
And detonating according to the detonation sequence of the angular point blast hole explosive, the center blast hole top explosive, the auxiliary blast hole top explosive, the center blast hole bottom explosive and the auxiliary blast hole bottom explosive to complete the controlled blasting construction of the beam nest. Under this initiation sequence, the detonated charges may provide a larger free surface for the detonated charges, reducing the clamping effect.
According to the invention, the 90-degree joint-cutting explosive packages are arranged in the blast holes of the corner points of the peripheral holes of the beam nest to form vibration isolation pre-cracks, and the safe and efficient control blasting of the beam nest of the vertical shaft well wall is realized by adopting a staged and segmented blasting mode in the main blasting area.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 shows a structure of an angular point blast hole 4 of a specific example, the angular point blast hole 4 is filled with uncoupled powder, a 90-degree cutting gun barrel is spaced from the inner wall of the blast hole, the uncoupled coefficient is 1.1-1.3, and the angular point blast hole is blocked by yellow mud.
Referring to fig. 8, the length of the 90 ° slit explosive tube 9 is designed to occupy most of the depth of the entire blast hole, specifically, the length of the 90 ° slit explosive tube 9 is not shorter than 3/4 of the depth of the corner blast hole 4, and is blocked with yellow stemming 12 within a length of not more than 1/4 at the top of the blast hole. Through arranging the 90-degree joint cutting explosive tube at the angle point of the beam nest profile line, the joint cutting explosive tube is initiated to form a pre-crack during blasting, the damage of explosive explosion to the well wall in beam nest blasting is reduced, and the integrity of the well wall is ensured. Through the length design with the joint-cutting charge pipe for accounting for the most of whole big gun hole degree of depth, for prior art, can guarantee the shaping quality of pre-crack when the joint-cutting charge pipe blasting, guarantee from the top of beam nest to the bottom can form from last to the complete crack that link up down.
With continued reference to fig. 9-13, there are shown schematic diagrams of controlled blasting of a beam socket according to another embodiment of the present invention. Along with the increase of the size of the beam nest, the distance between the blast holes 4 at the adjacent angular points is increased, and the effective through pre-cracks are difficult to form at the outline boundary of the beam nest only by the splitting action of the cutting explosive tube in the blast holes at the angular points, therefore, a group of guide holes 7 are further arranged and constructed at the middle point of the connecting line of the blast holes 4 at the adjacent two angular points in the height direction of the beam nest, the guide holes 7 are empty holes, and no explosive is filled in the holes. When the joint cutting explosive tube in the adjacent angular point blast holes 4 is exploded, with the help of the guiding function of the middle guide hole 7, the splitting function of the explosion in the adjacent two angular point blast holes can be split and communicated at the beam nest contour boundary between the two angular point blast holes, so that a communicated pre-crack is formed, the explosion forming effect of the beam nest boundary is ensured, meanwhile, the joint cutting explosive tube is detonated first, the pre-crack can be formed along the beam nest contour in advance, the vibration isolation function can also be realized on the subsequent center explosion, and the damage to the formed beam nest contour caused by the center explosive force is avoided.
With continued reference to fig. 14-17, there are shown schematic diagrams of controlled blasting of a beam-socket according to yet another embodiment of the present invention. With the further increase of the size of the beam nest, particularly the increase of the height h of the beam nest, for example, when the height h of the beam nest reaches more than 600mm or even 1000mm, the beam nest is a deep beam, the distance between two adjacent corner-point blastholes in the height direction is too large, the blasting splitting action of the two corner-point blastholes is difficult to form a through pre-crack, and even under the condition of arranging a guide hole 7, a set of peripheral blastholes 8 are arranged and constructed at the midpoint of the line 4 of the two adjacent corner-point blastholes in the height direction of the beam nest, as shown in fig. 15, a 180-degree cutting explosive tube 14 is prepared, the outer diameter of the 180-degree cutting explosive tube is smaller than the inner diameter of the peripheral blastholes 8, and the 180-degree cutting explosive tube is subjected to radial non-coupling explosive charging; the 180-degree slitting explosive tubes 14 are arranged in the peripheral blast holes 8, one slitting of the 180-degree slitting explosive tube 14 in any peripheral blast hole 8 is opposite to one slitting of the 90-degree slitting explosive tube 9 in the adjacent side angle point blast hole 4, and the other slitting of the 180-degree slitting explosive tube 14 in any peripheral blast hole 8 is opposite to one slitting of the 90-degree slitting explosive tubes 9 in the adjacent other side angle point blast hole. The upper and lower sides of the 180-degree cutting gun barrel are respectively opposite to one cutting seam of the corresponding angular point blast holes, and the angular point blast holes and the peripheral blast holes jointly act to ensure that the beam nest contour boundary between the two angular point blast holes is split and communicated, so that a communicated pre-crack is formed.
As an embodiment, a group of guide holes 7 are arranged and constructed at the middle points of connecting lines of the blast holes 4 at the adjacent corner points and the peripheral blast holes 8 in the height direction of the beam nest, and the guide holes are not charged with powder, and the function of the guide holes is the same as that of the previous embodiment.
In the invention, the slitting explosive tube is a metal slitting explosive tube, preferably an iron tube or a steel tube, and the wall thickness of the tube is 1 mm.
As shown in fig. 18 and 19, the 90 ° cutting medicine tube 9 is formed by cutting two longitudinal cutting lines 13 on the tube wall of the two adjacent surfaces of the medicine tube, the longitudinal cutting lines 13 do not penetrate the whole length of the medicine tube, and the two cutting lines form an included angle of 90 °.
As shown in fig. 18 and 20, the 180 ° cutting medicine tube 14 is formed by cutting two longitudinal cuts 13 on the tube wall of the opposite sides of the medicine tube, the longitudinal cuts 13 do not penetrate the whole length of the medicine tube, and the two cuts form an included angle of 180 °.
Referring to fig. 18, the relationship between the kerf width s, the length l of the non-kerf segment and the diameter r of the kerf explosive tube satisfies that s is (1/10-1/12) r, and l is (1.5-2.5) r. According to a large amount of simulation and engineering practice tests of designers, if the width of a cutting seam of the cutting seam explosive tube is too large, explosion energy cannot be intensively released, the energy accumulation effect is poor, an effective pre-crack is difficult to form, the boundary of the beam pit contour can be damaged, and if the width of the cutting seam is too small, the explosion energy can be blocked from being released, so that the energy accumulation at the cutting seam position is insufficient, and the explosion effect is poor.
In the invention, the diameters of the angular point blast hole, the central blast hole, the auxiliary blast holes and the peripheral blast holes are preferably 40 mm; the explosive is antifreeze emulsion explosive or antifreeze water gel explosive, and the diameter of the cartridge is 34 mm.
In the invention, the priming detonator 11 is a millisecond delay electric detonator, as a preferred example, the charging structure of each central blast hole 5 is a bottom high-section detonator and a top low-section detonator, and the charging structure of each auxiliary blast hole 6 is a bottom high-section detonator and a top low-section detonator; and the section of the detonator at the bottom of the central blast hole is lower than that of the detonator at the bottom of the auxiliary blast hole, and the section of the detonator at the top of the central blast hole is lower than that of the detonator at the top of the auxiliary blast hole, so that the free surface of the detonator in the auxiliary blast hole during explosion can be increased, and the clamping effect is reduced.
Furthermore, explosives in the corner blast holes 4 and the peripheral blast holes 8 are detonated by using 1 st millisecond delay electric detonators MS1, two sections of explosives at the top and the bottom in the central blast hole 5 are detonated by using 2 nd and 4 th millisecond delay electric detonators MS2 and MS4 respectively, two sections of explosives at the top and the bottom in the auxiliary blast holes 6 are detonated by using 3 rd and 5 th millisecond delay electric detonators MS3 and MS5 respectively, and the differential interval time is more than 20 MS. The interval between two sections of detonators is more than 20ms, the former section of detonators explodes to provide a free surface for the latter section of explosive, if the interval is less than 20ms, the former section of detonators may not form a free surface, the latter section of detonators explodes, and the first section of detonators and the second section of detonators cannot explode. The invention realizes the micro-differential blasting in the hole, increases the delay interval time, reduces the superposition effect of the blasting stress wave and reduces the blasting vibration effect.
The blasting construction method for the vertical shaft wall beam nest is suitable for blasting construction of the shaft wall beam nest in mine vertical shaft construction, angular point blast holes are arranged at angular points of the beam nest outline, a 90-degree cutting explosive tube is additionally arranged in the angular points, the cutting explosive tube is firstly initiated to form pre-cracks, the number of peripheral blast holes or vibration isolation holes is reduced, the construction efficiency of the beam nest is improved, meanwhile, the pre-cracks reduce damage of explosive explosion in beam nest blasting to the shaft wall, and the integrity of the shaft wall is guaranteed.
Thus, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that while exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described in detail herein, many other variations and modifications can be made, which are consistent with the principles of the invention, from the disclosure herein, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be understood and interpreted to cover all such other variations or modifications.
Claims (15)
1. A controlled blasting construction method for a vertical shaft wall beam nest is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s10: determining a beam nest outline boundary on a vertical shaft wall;
s20: arranging and constructing a group of corner point blast holes at each corner point of the beam nest according to the outline boundary of the beam nest; arranging and constructing a group of guide holes at the midpoint of a connecting line of blast holes of two adjacent corner points in the height direction of the beam nest, wherein the guide holes are not filled with powder; arranging and constructing a central blast hole in the center of the beam nest, and arranging and constructing at least one group of auxiliary blast holes between each corner point blast hole and the central blast hole;
s30: preparing a 90-degree joint-cutting explosive tube, wherein the outer diameter of the 90-degree joint-cutting explosive tube is smaller than the inner diameter of a blast hole at an angular point, and carrying out radial non-coupling explosive charging on the 90-degree joint-cutting explosive tube;
s40: arranging a 90-degree slitting explosive tube in each angular point blast hole, enabling one slitting of the 90-degree slitting explosive tube in any angular point blast hole to be opposite to one slitting of the 90-degree slitting explosive tube in an adjacent angular point blast hole on one side, enabling the other slitting of the 90-degree slitting explosive tube in any angular point blast hole to be opposite to one slitting of the 90-degree slitting explosive tubes in an adjacent angular point blast hole on the other side, arranging center blast hole bottom explosive and center blast hole top explosive in each center blast hole, and arranging auxiliary blast hole bottom explosive and auxiliary blast hole top explosive in each auxiliary blast hole;
s50: and detonating according to the detonation sequence of the angular point blast hole explosive, the center blast hole top explosive, the auxiliary blast hole top explosive, the center blast hole bottom explosive and the auxiliary blast hole bottom explosive to complete the controlled blasting construction of the beam nest.
2. A controlled blasting construction method for a vertical shaft wall beam nest is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s10: determining a beam nest outline boundary on a vertical shaft wall;
s20: arranging and constructing a group of corner point blast holes at each corner point of the beam nest according to the outline boundary of the beam nest; arranging and constructing a group of peripheral blast holes at the midpoint of a connecting line of blast holes of two adjacent angular points in the height direction of the beam nest; arranging and constructing a central blast hole in the center of the beam nest, and arranging and constructing at least one group of auxiliary blast holes between each corner point blast hole and the central blast hole;
s30: preparing a 90-degree joint-cutting explosive tube, wherein the outer diameter of the 90-degree joint-cutting explosive tube is smaller than the inner diameter of a blast hole at an angular point, and carrying out radial non-coupling explosive charging on the 90-degree joint-cutting explosive tube; preparing a 180-degree joint-cutting explosive tube, wherein the outer diameter of the 180-degree joint-cutting explosive tube is smaller than the inner diameter of a peripheral blast hole, and carrying out radial non-coupling explosive charging on the 180-degree joint-cutting explosive tube;
s40: arranging a 90-degree slitting explosive tube in each angular point blast hole, and enabling one slitting of the 90-degree slitting explosive tube in any angular point blast hole to be opposite to one slitting of the 90-degree slitting explosive tube in the adjacent angular point blast hole on one side, wherein the other slitting of the 90-degree slitting explosive tube in any angular point blast hole is opposite to one slitting of the 90-degree slitting explosive tubes in the adjacent angular point blast hole on the other side; arranging 180-degree lancing explosive pipes in each peripheral blast hole, and enabling one lancing of the 180-degree lancing explosive pipes in any peripheral blast hole to be opposite to one lancing of the 90-degree lancing explosive pipes in the adjacent side angle point blast hole, wherein the other lancing of the 180-degree lancing explosive pipes in any peripheral blast hole is opposite to one lancing of the 90-degree lancing explosive pipes in the adjacent other side angle point blast hole; arranging center blast hole bottom explosives and center blast hole top explosives in each center blast hole, and arranging auxiliary blast hole bottom explosives and auxiliary blast hole top explosives in each auxiliary blast hole;
s50: and detonating according to the detonation sequence of the angular point blast hole explosives, the peripheral blast hole explosives, the center blast hole top explosives, the auxiliary blast hole top explosives, the center blast hole bottom explosives and the auxiliary blast hole bottom explosives, so as to complete the controlled blasting construction of the beam nest.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein step S20 further comprises:
and arranging and constructing a group of guide holes at the middle point of the connecting line of the adjacent corner point blast holes and the peripheral blast holes in the height direction of the beam nest, wherein the guide holes are not filled with powder.
4. A method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that:
when the height h of the beam nest is 400-600 mm, arranging 2 rows of auxiliary blast holes in the height direction;
and when the height h of the beam nest is 600-1000 mm, 4 rows of auxiliary blast holes are arranged along the height direction.
5. A method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that:
the length of the 90-degree cutting gun barrel is not shorter than 3/4 of the depth of the blast hole at the corner point, and the top of the blast hole is blocked by yellow stemming within the length range of not more than 1/4.
6. A method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that:
the 90-degree cutting seam medicine tube is formed by cutting two longitudinal cutting seams on the tube walls of two adjacent surfaces of the medicine tube, the two longitudinal cutting seams are not communicated, and the two longitudinal cutting seams form a 90-degree included angle.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein:
the relation between the slit width s and the non-slit length l of two longitudinal slits of the 90-degree slit medicine pipe and the diameter r of the slit medicine pipe meets the condition that s is (1/10-1/12) r, and l is (1.5-2.5) r.
8. A method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that:
the length of the 180-degree slitting explosive tube is not shorter than 3/4 of the depth of the peripheral blast hole, and the top of the blast hole is blocked by yellow stemming within the length range of not more than 1/4.
9. A method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that:
the 180-degree cutting seam medicine tube is formed by cutting two longitudinal cutting seams on the tube walls of two opposite surfaces of the medicine tube, the two longitudinal cutting seams are not communicated, and the two longitudinal cutting seams form an included angle of 180 degrees.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein:
the relation between the slit width s and the non-slit length l of two longitudinal slits of the 180-degree slit medicine pipe and the diameter r of the slit medicine pipe meets the condition that s is (1/10-1/12) r, and l is (1.5-2.5) r.
11. A method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that:
the distance between each angular point blast hole and the adjacent auxiliary blast hole is 0.2-0.3 m, the distance between the central blast hole and the auxiliary blast hole is 0.1-0.2 m, and the distance between the adjacent auxiliary blast holes is 0.1-0.2 m.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein:
in step S40, each central blast hole charging structure is a bottom high-section different detonator and a top low-section different detonator, and each auxiliary blast hole charging structure is a bottom high-section different detonator and a top low-section different detonator; and the section of the detonator at the bottom of the central blast hole is lower than the section of the detonator at the bottom of the auxiliary blast hole, and the section of the detonator at the top of the central blast hole is lower than the section of the detonator at the top of the auxiliary blast hole.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein:
the explosives in the angular point blast hole are detonated by a 1 st millisecond delay electric detonator, the top and bottom explosives in the central blast hole are detonated by a 2 nd millisecond delay electric detonator and a 4 th millisecond delay electric detonator respectively, the top and bottom explosives in the auxiliary blast hole are detonated by a 3 rd millisecond delay electric detonator and a 5 th millisecond delay electric detonator respectively, and the differential interval time is more than 20 ms.
14. A method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that:
in step S40, each central blast hole charging structure is a bottom high-section different detonator and a top low-section different detonator, and each auxiliary blast hole charging structure is a bottom high-section different detonator and a top low-section different detonator; and the section of the detonator at the bottom of the central blast hole is lower than the section of the detonator at the bottom of the auxiliary blast hole, and the section of the detonator at the top of the central blast hole is lower than the section of the detonator at the top of the auxiliary blast hole.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein:
the explosives in the corner blast hole and the peripheral blast holes are detonated by using 1 st millisecond delay electric detonators, the top and bottom explosives in the central blast hole are detonated by using 2 nd and 4 th millisecond delay electric detonators respectively, the top and bottom explosives in the auxiliary blast holes are detonated by using 3 rd and 5 th millisecond delay electric detonators respectively, and the differential interval time is more than 20 ms.
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| KR101292696B1 (en) * | 2011-10-13 | 2013-08-02 | 전남대학교산학협력단 | Explosive tube assembly and controlled blasting method with the same |
| CN107478113B (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2019-05-21 | 华东送变电工程公司 | A kind of UHV transmission line stake well one-pass molding blasting method |
| CN110196002B (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2021-11-02 | 三明学院 | Safe and efficient blasting construction method for vertical shaft wall beam nest |
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