CN115323512A - 具有高空隙率的细中空纤维 - Google Patents
具有高空隙率的细中空纤维 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115323512A CN115323512A CN202211012225.XA CN202211012225A CN115323512A CN 115323512 A CN115323512 A CN 115323512A CN 202211012225 A CN202211012225 A CN 202211012225A CN 115323512 A CN115323512 A CN 115323512A
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- fiber
- millimeters
- slots
- fibers
- hollow fiber
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种中空纤维,所述中空纤维沿着所述纤维的至少一部分沿其纵向轴线延伸并由内壁限定。通过选择性控制纤维的形成方式,本发明人已发现,所述中空纤维可表现出高空隙率和小纤维尺寸的独特组合,使得所述纤维尤其适用于某些应用,诸如用于吸收制品的非织造网。
Description
本申请是:申请号为2015800621616、申请日为2015年12月10日、发明名称为“具有高空隙率的细中空纤维”申请的分案申请。
背景技术
纤维材料用于多种多样的不同部件中以帮助控制流体流动。在吸收制品中,例如,纤维材料(例如,非织造网)可用于快速吸收体液(例如,尿液)并使得它们可以流入吸收层,而不允许或利于流体再次返回穿戴者。遗憾的是,纤维材料在以此方式使用时可能存在多种问题。例如,通常希望降低纤维材料的基重以使得可以形成更薄的产品。然而,对于大多数常规的纤维材料而言,这种基重降低可不利地影响其他性质,诸如液体透过和阻隔性质。虽然已经对这些问题提出了一些解决方案,但是还没有一种能完全令人满意。例如,美国专利号6,368,990描述了一种由中空长丝或短纤维形成的纺粘非织造网。根据’990专利,这样的中空纤维可使得基重更低或对于给定的基重而言增加纤维数量。尽管实现了一些改进,但是这些中空纤维仍存在多种不足。例如,该纤维往往缺乏足够高的空隙率来明显改善材料的流体摄入性质以超过常规材料已具备的。另外,尝试提高空隙率往往不幸地导致纤维总直径的增加,这对于大多数应用是不可取的。
因此,目前需要用于各种应用的改进的中空纤维。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个实施例,公开了大致以纵向方向延伸并具有某一平均纤维直径的中空纤维。该中空纤维包括沿着纤维的至少一部分在纵向方向上延伸的并由内壁限定的中空腔体。内壁具有某一平均厚度并且平均厚度与平均纤维直径的乘积为约110平方微米或更小,并且其中纤维具有从约5%至约50%的空隙率。
根据本发明的另一个实施例,公开了一种用于形成中空纤维的喷丝头。喷丝头包括喷丝板,喷丝板限定具有一个或多个间隔开的狭槽的多根毛细管,其中狭槽的至少一部分所具有的宽度和长度使得长宽比大于约5。狭槽的宽度为约0.08至约0.2毫米。狭槽还具有被限定为狭槽外边缘之间的距离的外径,该外径大于约0.6毫米。由毛细管内的狭槽限定的总开口面积同样为约0.10至约0.40平方毫米。
本发明的其他特征和方面在下文更详细地讨论。
附图说明
针对本领域普通技术人员的本发明的完整且能够实现的公开内容(包括其最佳模式)在说明书的剩余部分中参照附图更具体地阐述,在附图中:
图1是可用于形成中空纤维的本发明的喷丝头的一个实施例的顶视图;
图2是图1的喷丝头中所示的毛细管的顶视图;
图3是图2的毛细管的剖视图;
图4是可用于本发明的一个实施例以形成中空纤维的方法的示意图;以及
图5是可采用本发明的中空纤维的吸收制品的一个实施例。
具体实施方式
定义
如本文所用,术语“纤维”通常是指通过使聚合物穿过成型孔口诸如模头而形成的细长挤出物。除非另外指明,否则术语“纤维”既包括具有一定长度的不连续纤维也包括基本上连续的长丝。基本上连续的长丝可例如具有远大于其直径的长度,诸如大于约15,000至1以及在一些情况下大于约50,000至1的长度与直径比(“长宽比”)。纤维是“中空的”达到其包括沿着纤维的至少一部分在纵向方向上延伸的中空腔体的程度。在一些情况下,腔体可沿着纤维的整个长度延伸。
如本文所用,术语“非织造网”通常是指具有成夹层的但不是以可识别方式(如在针织织物中)的纤维结构的网。合适的非织造网的例子包括但不限于熔喷网、纺粘网、粘合梳理网、气纺网、共成形网、水力缠结网等等。
如本文所用,术语“纺粘”网通常是指含有基本上连续的长丝的非织造网,所述长丝是这样形成的,即通过将熔融的热塑性材料从多个细的、通常为圆形的且具有挤出纤维直径的喷丝头的毛细管挤出,然后通过例如引出拉伸(eductive drawing)和/或其他熟知的纺粘机制迅速变细。纺粘网的制备例如在授予Appel等人的美国专利号4,340,563、授予Dorschner等人的美国专利号3,692,618、授予Matsuki等人的美国专利号3,802,817、授予Kinney等人的美国专利号3,338,992、授予Kinney等人的美国专利号3,341,394、授予Hartman等人的美国专利号3,502,763、授予Levy的美国专利号3,502,538、授予Dobo等人的美国专利号3,542,615和授予Pike等人的美国专利号5,382,400中描述和示出。
如本文所用,术语“熔喷”网或面料通常是指含有纤维的非织造网,所述纤维通过这样的工艺形成,其中将熔融的热塑性材料从多个细的、通常为圆形的模头毛细管作为熔融纤维挤出到会聚的高速气体(例如,空气)流中,空气流使熔融热塑性材料的纤维的直径减小,该直径可以为微纤维直径。之后,熔融的纤维由高速气体流携带并沉积在收集表面上以形成随机分散的熔融纤维的网。这样的工艺例如在授予Butin等人的美国专利号3,849,241中有所公开。
详述
现在将详细参照本发明的各种实施例,其一个或多个例子在下文示出。每个例子都以解释本发明而不是限制本发明的方式提供。事实上,对于本领域技术人员显而易见的是,在不背离本发明的范围或精神的情况下,可以在本发明中做出各种修改和变化。例如,作为一个实施例的一部分而说明或描述的特征,可以用于另一个实施例以产生另一个实施例。因此,本发明打算覆盖落入所附权利要求书及其等同物的范围内的这样的修改和变化。
一般来讲,本发明涉及一种纤维,该纤维包括沿着纤维的至少一部分沿其纵向轴线延伸的并由内壁限定的中空腔体。通过选择性控制纤维的形成方式,本发明人已发现,所述中空纤维可表现出高空隙率和小纤维尺寸的独特组合,使得所述纤维尤其适用于某些应用,诸如用于吸收制品的非织造网。尤其代表该特性的一个参数是纤维平均直径与其平均壁厚的乘积,对于本发明的中空纤维而言,该乘积相对较小。也就是说,该乘积通常为约110平方微米或更小,在一些实施例中约100平方微米或更小以及在一些实施例中约20至约90平方微米。内壁可例如具有从约3至约10微米,在一些实施例中从约3.25至约9.75微米以及在一些实施例中从约3.35至约9.25微米的平均壁厚。同样,可与内壁的外径相同或不同的纤维的平均直径可在从约5至约30微米,在一些实施例中从约10至约25微米以及在一些实施例中从约15至约20微米的范围内。应当理解的是,实际的壁厚和直径值可以沿着纤维的纵向轴线略有变化。然而,本发明的一个益处在于:这样的值可保持相对恒定以使得沿着纤维的纵向方向,壁厚和/或直径的变异系数为约35%或更小,在一些实施中约30%或更小以及在一些实施例中约10%至约25%。纤维的空隙率也可以相对较高,诸如约5%至约50%,在一些实施例中约8%至约40%,在一些实施例中约10%至约30%以及在一些实施例中约15%至约25%。空隙率可通过显微术(例如,光学或SEM)测定。空隙率通过将空隙部分的面积除以整个纤维(空隙和纤维)的面积然后乘以100而确定。
本发明的独特的中空纤维使用将热塑性组合物挤出通过喷丝头的工艺而形成。该热塑性组合物包含至少一种聚合物和任选地至少一种添加剂。合适的热塑性聚合物可以包括例如聚酯(例如,聚乳酸、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯等);聚烯烃(例如,聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚丁烯等);聚四氟乙烯;聚乙酸乙烯酯;聚氯乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯;聚乙烯醇缩丁醛;丙烯酸树脂(例如,聚丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酸甲酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯等);聚酰胺(例如,尼龙);聚氯乙烯;聚偏二氯乙烯;聚苯乙烯;聚乙烯醇;聚氨酯等。在一个实施例中,例如,热塑性组合物可以是聚烯烃组合物,达到聚烯烃占热塑性组合物的约50重量%至约99重量%,在一些实施例中约60重量%至约98重量%以及在一些实施例中约80重量%至约95重量%的程度。聚烯烃可以具有从约100℃至约220℃,在一些实施例中从约120℃至约200℃以及在一些实施例中从约140℃至约180℃的熔融温度。熔融温度可以根据ASTMD-3417采用差示扫描量热法("DSC")来测定。适合的聚烯烃可以例如包括乙烯聚合物(例如,低密度聚乙烯(“LDPE”)、高密度聚乙烯(“HDPE”)、线性低密度聚乙烯“LLDPE”)等)、丙烯均聚物(例如,间同立构、无规立构、全同立构等)、丙烯共聚物等等。
在一个特定的实施例中,聚烯烃是含有约10重量%或更少的以及在一些实施例中约2重量%或更少的共聚单体(例如,α-烯烃)的丙烯均聚物或共聚物(例如,无规或嵌段)。如果需要,丙烯聚合物可以是间同立构的或全同立构的。术语“间同立构”通常是指大部分(即使不是全部)甲基基团沿着聚合物链在相反侧上交替的立构规整性。在另一方面,术语“全同立构”通常是指大部分(即使不是全部)甲基基团沿着聚合物链位于相同侧上的立构规整性。这样的聚合物通常使用齐格勒-纳塔催化剂单独地或与少量α-烯烃共聚单体相结合而形成。全同立构聚合物例如通常具有在从0.90至0.94g/cm3范围内的密度,诸如根据ASTM 1505-10测定的。市售丙烯均聚物可包括例如MetoceneTMMF650Y和MF650X(BasellPolyolefins)、PP2252E1、PP 3155或PP 2252(ExxonMobil)和M3661 PP(Total Refiningand Chemicals)。适合的丙烯聚合物的其他例子可见述于授予Datta等人的美国专利号6,500,563、授予Yang等人的美国专利号5,539,056和授予Resconi等人的美国专利号5,596,052。
当然,也可将其他聚烯烃单独地或与上述聚合物相结合地用在本发明的组合物中。例如,聚烯烃可以是丙烯与另一种α-烯烃诸如C3-C20α-烯烃或C3-C12α-烯烃的共聚物。适合的α-烯烃的具体例子包括乙烯、1-丁烯;3-甲基-1-丁烯;3,3-二甲基-1-丁烯;1-戊烯;具有一个或多个甲基、乙基或丙基取代基的1-戊烯;具有一个或多个甲基、乙基或丙基取代基的1-己烯;具有一个或多个甲基、乙基或丙基取代基的1-庚烯;具有一个或多个甲基、乙基或丙基取代基的1-辛烯;具有一个或多个甲基、乙基或丙基取代基的1-壬烯;乙基、甲基或二甲基取代的1-癸烯;1-十二碳烯以及苯乙烯。特别期望的α-烯烃共聚单体是乙烯、1-丁烯、1-己烯和1-辛烯。适合的丙烯共聚物包括从Texas的Houston的ExxonMobil ChemicalCo.以名称VISTAMAXXTM;从Belgium的Feluy的Atofina Chemicals以名称FINATM(例如,8573);从Mitsui Petrochemical Industries以TAFMERTM以及从Michigan的Midland的DowChemical Co.以VERSIFYTM商购获得。
其他添加剂也可掺入组合物中,诸如滑动助剂(例如,脂肪酸衍生物)、熔体稳定剂、加工稳定剂、热稳定剂、光稳定剂、抗氧化剂、热老化稳定剂、增白剂、防结块剂、粘结剂、增粘剂、粘度调节剂等。
在某些实施例中,纤维可以是单组分纤维,以使得内壁完全由热塑性组合物形成,该组合物可以包含至少一种聚合物和任选地至少一种添加剂。当然,在其他实施例中,纤维可包括一个或多个另外的聚合物层作为组成部分(例如,双组分)以进一步增强强度、可加工性和/或其他性质。这样的纤维可例如具有皮芯构型、并排构型、分割饼式构型、海中岛构型等。
不论所采用的特定组合物和构造如何,均在本发明中对形成中空纤维的方法进行选择性控制以实现高空隙率和小纤维尺寸的所需组合。参见图4,例如,更详细地示出了用于形成纤维的方法的一个实施例。在该特定实施例中,热塑性组合物可从料斗14进料到挤出机12中。可使用任何常规技术向料斗14提供共混物。将挤出机12加热到足以挤出熔融聚合物的温度。为了有助于限制中空腔体在形成时的劣化,通常将组合物在从约180℃至约300℃,在一些实施例中从约200℃至约260℃以及在一些实施例中从约210℃至约250℃的温度下熔纺。
然后使挤出的组合物穿过聚合物导管16通向喷丝头18。值得注意的是,本发明人已发现,喷丝头的特定性质可加以选择性控制以帮助实现所需的上述纤维特性。更具体地讲,喷丝头包括至少一个喷丝板,该喷丝板限定多根毛细管,这些毛细管具有一个或多个成型狭槽(或区段),热塑性组合物可从中流动。例如,狭槽可具有多向形状(例如,C字形、弧形等)以使得热塑性组合物在从中通过时形成膨胀,这导致组合物在模头表面之下的短距离内聚结,并形成具有中空内部的纤维。
参见图1-3,例如,示出了可用于形成本发明的中空纤维的喷丝头18的一个实施例。如图所示,喷丝头18包括多根毛细管110,这些毛细管从上表面122向面124延伸穿过喷丝板(图3)。可以采用任何合适数量的狭槽,诸如2至10个狭槽,在一些实施例中2至6个狭槽以及在一些实施例中2至4个狭槽。在该特定实施例中,例如,毛细管110包括具有宽度“W”(图2)和长度“L”(图3)的C字形狭槽112。本发明人已发现,通过选择性控制狭槽的长宽比,可以产生具有所需空隙率和壁厚的中空纤维。例如,长宽比通常大于约5,在一些实施例中为约6至约100以及在一些实施例中约8至约80。宽度可例如在从约0.08至约0.2毫米,在一些实施例中从约0.09至约0.18毫米以及在一些实施例中从约0.10至约0.15毫米的范围内。长度可同样在从约0.4至约2.0毫米,在一些实施例中从约0.5至约1.8毫米以及在一些实施例中从约0.8至约1.5毫米的范围内。虽然宽度和长度在图1-3的实施例中被示为相对恒定的,但是可以理解的是,如果需要的话,此类值可以变化。例如,狭槽可具有不规则形状,以使得其宽度沿其长度变化,或反之亦然。然而在此类情况下,可对平均宽度和/或长度进行控制以落在上述范围内。
毛细管和狭槽构造的其他参数也可在本发明中加以选择性控制以实现所需的中空纤维特性。例如,狭槽112的外径(在图2中被指定为“OD”,且为每个狭槽112的外边缘之间的距离)通常大于约0.6毫米,在一些实施例中大于约0.7毫米,在一些实施例中为约0.8毫米至约10毫米以及在一些实施例中为约0.9至约5毫米。毛细管110的内径“ID”可同样为约0.2毫米至约2.0毫米,在一些实施例中约0.3毫米至约1.8毫米以及在一些实施例中约0.4至约1.4毫米。狭槽的末端之间的距离“B”也可以变化,诸如从约0.01至约0.5毫米,在一些实施例中从约0.01至约0.4毫米以及在一些实施例中从约0.05至约0.2毫米。此外,由毛细管内的狭槽限定的总开口面积同样通常为约0.10至约0.40平方毫米,在一些实施例中约0.12至约0.38平方毫米以及在一些实施例中约0.14至约0.35平方毫米。总开口面积可使用以下公式计算:
总开口面积=(0.25πOD2)-(0.25πID2)–(B*W*N)
其中,
OD为毛细管的外径;
ID为毛细管的内径;
B为狭槽末端之间的距离;
W为狭槽的宽度;以及
N为狭槽的数量。
再次参见图4,喷丝头18可在将热塑性组合物从中挤出时产生向下挤出的中空纤维帘。一旦形成后,可以采用使纤维骤冷的鼓风机20。骤冷空气可从纤维帘的一侧导入(如图4所示)或从纤维帘的两侧导入。为了形成具有所需长度的纤维,通常将骤冷后的纤维熔融牵伸,诸如使用如图4所示的纤维牵伸单元22。用于熔纺聚合物的纤维牵伸单元或抽吸器是本领域熟知的。适用于本发明的方法的纤维牵伸单元包括美国专利号3,802,817和3,423,255中所示类型的线性纤维抽吸器。纤维牵伸单元22通常包括细长的竖直通道,通过抽吸空气从通道侧面进入并穿过通道向下流动而从通道中牵伸纤维。加热器或鼓风机24为纤维抽吸单元22供应抽吸空气。抽吸空气熔融牵伸纤维和环境空气通过纤维牵伸单元22。气体的流动导致纤维熔融牵伸或缩减,这增加形成纤维的聚合物的分子取向或结晶度。当采用纤维牵伸单元时,可选择“拉伸”比以有助于实现所需的纤维长度。“拉伸”比是纤维被牵伸后的线性速度(例如,导丝辊42或多孔表面(未示出)的线性速度)除以纤维被挤出后的线性速度。在某些实施例中,拉伸比可为从约20:1至约4000:1,在一些实施例中从约25:1至约2000:1,在一些实施例中从约50:1至约1000:1以及在一些实施例中从约75:1至约800:1。
一旦形成后,纤维便可通过纤维牵伸单元22的出口沉积到导丝辊42上。如果需要,可使收集在导丝辊42上的纤维任选地接受另外的在线加工和/或转化步骤(未示出),如本领域的技术人员将理解的那样。例如,可收集纤维,之后卷曲、纹理化和/或切成从约3至约80毫米,在一些实施例中从约4至约65毫米以及在一些实施例中从约5至约50毫米范围内的平均纤维长度。然后可将短纤维并入本领域已知的非织造网中,诸如粘合梳理网、穿透空气粘合网。
本发明的所得的中空纤维可适用于多种应用,而不用首先形成任何类型的连贯结构。然而,在某些情况下,可能希望通过将纤维随机沉积在成型表面上(任选地借助真空)然后使用任何已知的技术粘结所得的网而将纤维形成连贯的非织造网结构。非织造网可在牵伸纤维之前或之后形成。在某些实施例中,例如,可能希望由多根纤维形成非织造网,之后通过将非织造网拉伸到形成多孔网络所需的程度而牵伸纤维。在替代性实施例中,环形成型表面可简单地定位在纤维抽吸单元下方,纤维抽吸单元在纤维形成网之前将纤维牵伸到所需的程度。
一旦形成后,便可使用任何常规的技术粘结非织造网,诸如通过粘合剂或以自发方式(例如,在不用施加外部粘合剂的情况下,纤维发生融合和/或自粘)。自发粘结例如可通过使纤维在它们为半熔融或发粘状态时接触,或只是通过将增粘树脂和/或溶剂与用于形成纤维的聚合物共混而实现。适合的自发粘结技术可包括超声粘结、热粘结、空气穿透粘结、热轧粘结等等。例如,网可通过热机械过程进一步粘结或压花上图案,在该过程中使网在加热的平滑砧辊与加热的图案辊之间通过。图案辊可具有提供所需的网性质或外观的任何升高的图案。有利地,图案辊限定升高的图案,该图案限定多个粘结位置,这些位置限定占辊总面积的约2%与30%之间的粘结面积。示例性粘结图案包括例如在授予Hansen等人的美国专利3,855,046、授予Levy等人的美国专利号5,620,779、授予Haynes等人的美国专利号5,962,112、授予Sayovitz等人的美国专利6,093,665以及授予Romano等人的美国设计专利号428,267、授予Brown的美国设计专利号390,708、授予Zander等人的美国设计专利号418,305、授予Zander等人的美国设计专利号384,508、授予Zander等人的美国设计专利号384,819、授予Zander等人的美国设计专利号358,035和授予Blenke等人的美国设计专利号315,990中描述的那些。辊之间的压力可为从约5至约2000磅每线性英寸。使辊之间的压力和辊的温度得以平衡以得到所需的网性质或外观同时维持像布一样的性质。如本领域技术人员熟知的是,所需的温度和压力可根据许多因素而变化,这些因素包括但不限于图案粘结面积、聚合物性质、纤维性质和非织造物性质。
如果需要,非织造网还可以为包含本发明的中空纤维与其他类型的纤维(例如,短纤维、长丝等)的组合的复合物。例如,可以使用另外的合成纤维,诸如由以下材料形成的那些纤维:聚烯烃,例如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚丁烯等;聚四氟乙烯;聚酯,例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯等;聚乙酸乙烯酯;聚氯乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯;聚乙烯醇缩丁醛;丙烯酸树脂,例如聚丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酸甲酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯等;聚酰胺,例如尼龙;聚氯乙烯;聚偏二氯乙烯;聚苯乙烯;聚乙烯醇;聚氨酯;聚乳酸等。如果需要,也可采用可再生的聚合物。已知的合成纤维的一些例子包括可以名称T-255和T-256(两者均使用聚烯烃皮)或T-254(其具有低熔点共聚酯皮)得自Charlotte,North Carolina的KoSa Inc.的皮芯双组分纤维。可以使用的另外其他已知的双组分纤维包括可得自Moriyama,Japan的Chisso Corporation或可得自Wilmington,Delaware的Fibervisions LLC那些。也可采用聚乳酸短纤维,诸如可从台湾Far Eastern Textile,Ltd.商购获得的那些。
复合物也可包含纸浆纤维,诸如高平均纤维长度的纸浆、低平均纤维长度的纸浆或它们的混合物。适合的高平均长度的绒毛浆纤维的一个例子包括软木牛皮纸浆纤维。软木牛皮纸浆纤维来源于针叶树并包括诸如但不限于以下浆纤维:北方、西方和南方软木树种,包括红杉、红刺柏、铁杉、花旗松、真枞、松树(例如,南方松)、云杉(例如,黑云杉)、竹子、它们的组合等等。北方软木牛皮纸浆纤维可用于本发明。适用于本发明的可商购获得的南方软木牛皮纸浆纤维的例子包括可以商品名“NF-405”得自在Federal Way,Washington具有办事处的Weyerhaeuser Company的那些。另一种适用于本发明的纸浆是可以商品名CoosAbsorb S纸浆得自在Greenville,South Carolina具有办事处的Bowater Corp.的经漂白的硫酸盐木浆,其主要包含软木纤维。低平均长度的纤维也可用于本发明。适合的低平均长度的浆纤维的例子为硬木牛皮纸浆纤维。硬木牛皮纸浆纤维来源于阔叶树并包括诸如但不限于桉树、枫树、桦树、山杨等浆纤维。桉树牛皮纸浆纤维对于增加柔软度、增强亮度、增加不透明度并改变片材的孔结构以增强其芯吸能力可能是尤其理想的。也可采用竹纤维或棉纤维。
在本发明中也可以形成非织造层合物,其中一个或多个层由中空纤维形成。例如,一个层的非织造网可以是包含中空纤维的纺粘网,而另一层的非织造网可以包含其他类型的纤维。在一个实施例中,非织造层合物包含定位在两个纺粘层之间的熔喷层以形成纺粘/熔喷/纺粘(“SMS”)层合物。如果需要,一个或多个纺粘层可以由中空纤维形成。形成SMS层合物的各种技术在授予Brock等人的美国专利号4,041,203、授予Timmons等人的美国专利号5,213,881、授予Timmons等人的美国专利号5,464,688、授予Bornslaeger的美国专利号4,374,888、授予Collier等人的美国专利号5,169,706和授予Brock等人的美国专利号4,766,029以及授予Fitting等人的美国专利申请公布号2004/0002273中有所描述。当然,非织造层合物可具有其他构型并具有任何所需数量的熔喷和纺粘层,诸如纺粘/熔喷/熔喷/纺粘层合物(“SMMS”)、纺粘/熔喷层合物(“SM”)等。虽然非织造层合物的基重可针对所需的应用而定制,但是其通常在从约10至约300克每平方米(“gsm”),在一些实施例中从约25至约200gsm以及在一些实施例中从约40至约150gsm的范围内。
也可形成非织造膜层合物。在这样的实施例中,膜通常为液体不可渗透的和蒸气可渗透的或蒸气不可渗透的。液体不可渗透的和蒸气可渗透的膜通常称为“可呼吸的”并且它们通常具有约100克/平方米/24小时(g/m2/24h)或更大,在一些实施例中从约500至约20,000g/m2/24h以及在一些实施例中从约1,000至约15,000g/m2/24h的水蒸气透过率(“WVTR”)。可呼吸膜可以为微孔的或一体的膜。微孔膜通常通过将填料(例如,碳酸钙)掺入聚合物基体中之后将膜拉伸形成孔而形成。这样的膜的例子例如在授予McCormack的美国专利号5,843,057、授予McCormack的美国专利号5,855,999、授予Morman等人的美国专利号5,932,497、授予McCormack等人的美国专利号5,997,981、授予Kobylivker等人的美国专利号6,002,064、授予McCormack等人的美国专利号6,015,764、授予Mathis等人的美国专利号6,037,281、授予McCormack等人的美国专利号6,111,163和授予Taylor等人的美国专利号6,461,457中有所描述。
本发明的中空纤维可用于多种多样的不同制品。例如,中空纤维可用于吸收制品。吸收制品能够吸收水或其他流体。一些吸收制品的例子包括但不限于个人护理吸收制品,诸如尿布、训练裤、吸收性内裤、成人失禁用制品、女性卫生产品(例如,卫生巾)、泳衣、婴儿湿巾、手套式擦拭布(mitt wipe)等等;医疗用吸收制品,诸如衣物、开窗术材料、垫料、绷带、吸收性布单(absorbent drape)和医用擦拭布;食品服务纸巾;服装制品等等。无论预期应用如何,吸收制品通常包括定位在底片与顶片之间的吸收构件(例如,芯层、涌流层、转移延迟层、包裹片材、通气层等)。值得注意的是,吸收构件、底片和/或顶片以及吸收制品的一个或多个其他部件(例如,耳部、防漏翼片、侧片、腰带或腿带等)可包括本发明的中空纤维,该纤维为单独的形式或包含此类纤维的非织造网的形式。
就这一点而言,将描述吸收制品的多种示例性实施例。参见图1,例如,吸收制品201的一个特定实施例以尿布的形式示出。然而,如上所述,本发明可体现为其他类型的吸收制品,诸如失禁用制品、卫生巾、尿裤、卫生护垫、训练裤等等。在所示的实施例中,吸收制品201示为在未紧固构型中具有沙漏形。然而,当然也可以利用其他形状,诸如大致矩形、T形或I形。如图所示,吸收制品201包括由各种部件形成的底座202,这些部件包括底片217、顶片205以及包括吸收芯层203和涌流层207的吸收构件。然而,应当理解的是,其他层也可用于本发明。同样,图1中提及的一个或多个层在本发明的某些实施例中也可以取消。
如上所指出的那样,底片217可包括本发明的中空纤维,任选地以非织造网的形式。例如,非织造网可以设置为使得其限定吸收制品201的面向衣物的表面333。吸收制品201还包括顶片205。顶片205通常被设计成接触使用者的身体并且为液体可渗透的。例如,顶片205可限定面向身体的表面218,该表面通常为顺应性的、柔软感的且对穿戴者皮肤无刺激的。如果需要,顶片205可包括本发明的中空纤维,任选地以非织造网的形式。例如,非织造网可被定位成使得其限定面向身体的表面218(如果需要这样的话)。顶片可围绕吸收芯层203,以使得其完全包裹吸收制品。作为另外一种选择,顶片205和底片217可延伸到吸收构件之外,并在周边使用已知的技术(诸如通过粘合剂粘结、超声粘结等)完全或部分地接合在一起。如上所指出的那样,顶片205可包括本发明的非织造网。顶片205还可包括常规非织造网(例如,纺粘网、熔喷网或粘合梳理网)。包括非织造网的其他示例性顶片构造在美国专利号5,192,606、5,702,377、5,931,823、6,060,638和6,150,002以及美国专利申请公开号2004/0102750、2005/0054255和2005/0059941中有所描述。顶片205也可包括多个贯穿形成的开孔以允许体液更容易地进入吸收芯层203。这些开孔可以随机或均匀布置在整个顶片205中,或者它们可仅位于沿着吸收制品的纵向轴线布置的窄纵向带或条中。这些开孔允许体液快速向下渗入吸收构件中。开孔的大小、形状、直径和数量可以变化以适应某人的特定需求。
吸收制品还包括定位在顶片与底片之间的吸收构件。吸收构件可以由单个吸收层或包括单独和不同的吸收层的复合物形成。然而,应当理解的是,许多吸收层均可用于本发明。在图1中,例如,吸收构件包括吸收芯层203和涌流层207,该涌流层有助于减速并扩散可快速引入吸收芯层203中的涌流或迸发液体。有利地,涌流层207在将液体释放进吸收芯层203的储存或保持部分前快速接纳并暂时保留液体。在所示实施例中,例如,涌流层207插在顶片205的面向内的表面216与吸收芯层203之间。作为另外一种选择,涌流层207可位于顶片205面向外的表面218上。涌流层207通常由液体可高度渗透的材料构造而成。适合的材料可包括多孔织造材料、多孔非织造材料和开孔膜。在一个实施例中,涌流层207可包括本发明的中空纤维,任选地以非织造网的形式。适合的涌流层的其他例子在授予Ellis等人的美国专利号5,486,166和授予Ellis等人的美国专利号5,490,846中有所描述。
如果需要,吸收构件也可包括垂直定位在涌流层下方的转移延迟层。转移延迟层可包含亲水性低于其他吸收层的材料,并且通常可被表征为基本上疏水性的。例如,转移延迟层可以是由本发明的中空纤维形成的非织造网(例如,纺粘网)。纤维的横截面形状可以是圆形的、三叶形的或多叶形的,并且其结构可以是中空的或实心的。通常,诸如通过在约3%至约30%的网面积上热粘结而使网粘结。可用于转移延迟层的适合材料的其他例子在授予Meyer等人的美国专利号4,798,603和授予Serbiak等人的美国专利号5,248,309中有所描述。为了调节本发明的性能,转移延迟层也可以用选定量的表面活性剂处理以增加其初始可润湿性。
转移延迟层通常可以具有任何大小,诸如约150mm至约300mm的长度。通常,转移延迟层的长度约等于吸收制品的长度。转移延迟层在宽度上也可等于涌流层,但通常更宽。例如,转移延迟层的宽度可介于约50mm至约75mm之间,更具体地讲约48mm。转移延迟层通常具有比其他吸收构件低的基重。例如,转移延迟层的基重通常小于约150克每平方米(gsm)以及在一些实施例中介于约10gsm至约100gsm之间。如果需要,转移延迟层可包括本发明的中空纤维,任选地以非织造网的形式。
除了上述部件以外,吸收制品201还可以包括如本领域已知的各种其他部件。例如,吸收制品201还可以包括基本上亲水性的包裹片材(未示出),该片材有助于维持吸收芯层203的纤维结构的完整性。包裹片材通常围绕吸收芯层203在其至少两个主表面上放置,并由吸收性纤维素材料构成,诸如皱纹包装纸或高湿强度薄纸(high wet-strengthtissue)。包裹片材可被构造成提供芯吸层,该层有助于在吸收芯层203的吸收纤维团块上快速分布液体。在吸收芯纤维团块的一侧上的包裹片材材料可粘结到位于纤维团块相对侧上的包裹片材以有效地夹带吸收芯层203。此外,吸收制品201还可以包括定位在吸收芯层203与底片217之间的通气层(未示出)。当利用时,通气层可有助于将底片217与吸收芯层203隔绝,从而减少底片217中的湿气。这样的通气层的例子可包括层合到可呼吸膜的非织造网,诸如在授予Blaney等人的美国专利号6,663,611中所述。如果需要,包裹片材和/或通气层可包括本发明的中空纤维,任选地以非织造网的形式。
在一些实施例中,吸收制品201也可以包括一对耳部(未示出),该耳部从吸收制品201的侧边缘232延伸到腰部区之一中。耳部可与所选的尿布部件整体形成。例如,耳部可与底片217整体形成或由用于提供顶部表面的材料形成,该材料可包括本发明的中空纤维,任选地以非织造网的形式。在可供选择的构型中,耳部可由连接并组装到底片217、顶部表面,在底片217与顶部表面之间的或处于各种其他构型的构件提供。如上所述,耳部可包括本发明的中空纤维,任选地以非织造网的形式。
如在图1中代表性示出,吸收制品201还可以包括一对防漏翼片212,该翼片被构造成提供屏障并容纳侧向流动的身体排出物。防漏翼片212可沿着与吸收芯层203的侧边缘相邻的顶片205的侧向相对的侧边缘232定位。防漏翼片212可沿着吸收芯层203的整个长度延伸,或可以仅沿着吸收芯层203的长度部分延伸。当防漏翼片212在长度上比吸收芯层203更短时,它们可选择性定位在裆区210中沿着吸收制品201的侧边缘232的任何位置。在一个实施例中,防漏翼片212沿着吸收芯层203的整个长度延伸以更好地容纳身体排出物。这样的防漏翼片212通常是本领域的技术人员熟知的。例如,防漏翼片212的适合构造和布置在授予Enloe的美国专利号4,704,116中有所描述。如果需要,防漏翼片可包括本发明的中空纤维,任选地以非织造网的形式。
吸收制品201可包含各种弹性的或可拉伸的材料,诸如一对腿部弹性构件206,它们附连到侧边缘232以进一步防止身体排出物的渗漏并支持吸收芯层203。此外,一对腰部弹性构件208可附连到吸收制品201的纵向相对的腰部边缘215。腿部弹性构件206和腰部弹性构件208通常适于在使用中围绕穿戴者的腿部和腰部紧密配合,以维持与穿戴者的积极接触关系,并有效地减少或消除从吸收制品201的身体排出物渗漏。吸收制品201还可以包括一个或多个紧固件230。例如,两个柔性紧固件130在图1中示出,它们位于腰部区的相对侧边缘上以形成腰部开口和一对围绕穿戴者的腿部开口。紧固件230的形状通常可以变化,但可包括例如大致矩形、方形、圆形、三角形、卵形、线性形状等等。紧固件可包括例如扣件材料。在一个特定的实施例中,每个紧固件230包括附连到柔性背衬的内表面的扣件材料的单独件。弹性构件(例如,腿、腰等)和/或紧固件可在需要时包括本发明的中空纤维,任选地以非织造网的形式。
吸收制品201的各个区和/或部件可使用任何已知的附连机构诸如粘合剂、超声、热粘结等组装在一起。适合的粘合剂可包括例如热熔粘合剂、压敏粘合剂等。当利用时,粘合剂可以作为均匀的层、图案化层、喷雾图案或任何单独的线、漩涡或点而施加。在所示实施例中,例如,底片217和顶片205用粘合剂组装到彼此并组装到吸收芯层203。作为另外一种选择,吸收芯层203可用常规的紧固件诸如纽扣、钩环型紧固件、胶带紧固件等连接到底片217。类似地,诸如腿部弹性构件206、腰部弹性构件208和紧固件230的其他尿布部件也可用任何附连机构组装成吸收制品201。
虽然上文已经描述了尿布的各种构型,但是应当理解的是,其他尿布和吸收制品构型也包括在本发明的范围内。此外,本发明绝不限于尿布。事实上,可根据本发明形成任何其他吸收制品,包括但不限于其他个人护理吸收制品,诸如训练裤、吸收性内裤、成人失禁用产品、女性卫生产品(例如,卫生巾)、泳衣、婴儿湿巾等;医疗用吸收性制品,诸如衣物、开窗术材料、垫料、绷带、吸收性布单和医用擦拭布;食品服务纸巾;服装制品等等。
通过参照以下实例可以更好地理解本发明。
实例1
构造喷丝头以形成中空纤维。喷丝头包括2,612根具有1毫米外径的毛细管。毛细管包括四(4)个狭槽,狭槽具有0.10毫米的宽度(“W”)、0.24毫米的末端距离(“B”)和1.2毫米的长度(“L”)。总开口面积因此计算为0.19平方毫米,狭槽的长宽比为8。将丙烯均聚物(Exxon Mobil 3155 PP)在450°F的熔体温度下以0.52克每个孔每分钟的速率供应给喷丝头以产生纤维。所得的纤维具有18.1微米的平均直径、5.3微米的平均壁厚和17.2%的空隙率。还由这些纤维制备了基重在从0.30至0.43盎司每平方码的范围内的非织造网。平均壁厚与平均直径的乘积为95.4平方微米。
实例2
构造喷丝头以形成中空纤维。喷丝头包括2,612根具有1毫米外径的毛细管。毛细管包括两(2)个狭槽,狭槽具有0.10毫米的宽度(“W”)、0.18毫米的末端距离(“B”)和1.2毫米的长度(“L”)。总开口面积因此计算为0.25平方毫米,狭槽的长宽比为8。将丙烯均聚物(Exxon Mobil 3155 PP)在450°F的熔体温度下以0.52克每个孔每分钟的速率供应给喷丝头以产生纤维。所得的纤维具有18.5微米的平均直径、5.2微米的平均壁厚和19.5%的空隙率。还由这些纤维制备了基重在从0.28至0.45盎司每平方码的范围内的非织造网。平均壁厚与平均直径的乘积为93.6平方微米。
实例3
构造了两个喷丝头以形成中空纤维。每个喷丝头包括20,350根具有1毫米外径的毛细管。毛细管包括两(2)个狭槽,狭槽具有0.15毫米的宽度(“W”)、0.18毫米的末端距离(“B”)和1.2毫米的长度(“L”)。总开口面积因此计算为0.35平方毫米,狭槽的长宽比为8。将丙烯均聚物(Exxon Mobil 3155 PP)在445-455°F的熔体温度下以0.52克每个孔每分钟的速率供应给喷丝头以产生纤维。所得的纤维具有15.8微米的平均直径、5.7微米的平均壁厚和8.0%的空隙率。还由这些纤维制备了基重在从0.37至0.44盎司每平方码的范围内的非织造网。平均壁厚与平均直径的乘积为90.06平方微米。
比较例1
构造喷丝头以形成中空纤维。喷丝头包括12根具有1.34毫米外径的毛细管。毛细管包括两(2)个狭槽,狭槽具有0.15毫米的宽度(“W”)、0.18毫米的末端距离(“B”)和1.2毫米的长度(“L”)。总开口面积因此计算为0.51平方毫米,狭槽的长宽比为8。将丙烯均聚物(Exxon Mobil 3155 PP)在450°F的熔体温度下以0.60克每个孔每分钟的速率供应给喷丝头以产生纤维。所得的纤维具有21.3微米的平均直径、5.3微米的平均壁厚和25.2%的空隙率。平均壁厚与平均直径的乘积为112.89平方微米。
比较例2
构造喷丝头以形成中空纤维。喷丝头包括12根具有1.0毫米外径的毛细管。毛细管包括两(2)个狭槽,狭槽具有0.25毫米的宽度(“W”)、0.18毫米的末端距离(“B”)和1.2毫米的长度(“L”)。总开口面积因此计算为0.50平方毫米,狭槽的长宽比为8。将丙烯均聚物(Exxon Mobil 3155 PP)在450°F的熔体温度下以0.60克每个孔每分钟的速率供应给喷丝头以产生纤维。所得的纤维具有25.6微米的平均直径、9.9微米的平均壁厚和5.0%的空隙率。平均壁厚与平均直径的乘积为253.44平方微米。
比较例3
构造喷丝头以形成中空纤维。喷丝头包括12根具有1.0毫米外径的毛细管。毛细管包括两(2)个狭槽,狭槽具有0.20毫米的宽度(“W”)、0.18毫米的末端距离(“B”)和1.5毫米的长度(“L”)。总开口面积因此计算为0.43平方毫米,狭槽的长宽比为8。将丙烯均聚物(Exxon Mobil 3155 PP)在450°F的熔体温度下以0.60克每个孔每分钟的速率供应给喷丝头以产生纤维。所得的纤维具有20.8微米的平均直径、7.8微米的平均壁厚和6.2%的空隙率。平均壁厚与平均直径的乘积为162.86平方微米。
虽然本发明已经就其具体实施例进行了详细描述,但是将领会的是,本领域技术人员在获得前述内容的理解后可以容易地设想出这些实施例的替代形式、变型形式和等同方案。因此,本发明的范围应被评估为所附权利要求及其任何等同方案的范围。
Claims (16)
1.一种大致以纵向方向延伸并具有15微米至30微米的平均纤维直径的中空纤维,所述中空纤维包括沿着所述纤维的至少一部分在所述纵向方向上延伸的并由内壁限定的中空腔体,其中所述内壁具有某一平均厚度并且所述平均厚度与所述平均纤维直径的乘积为100平方微米或更小,并且其中所述纤维具有从15%至50%的空隙率,所述纤维具有3至10微米的平均壁厚,并且沿着纤维的纵向方向的壁厚和/或纤维直径的变异系数为10%至25%,其中通过下述的喷丝头的毛细管挤出热塑性组合物来形成所述中空纤维,其中该喷丝头包括喷丝板,所述喷丝板限定具有一个或多个间隔开的狭槽的多根毛细管,其中所述狭槽的至少一部分所具有的宽度和长度使得长宽比为12至100,所述狭槽的宽度为0.08至0.2毫米,所述狭槽的长度为0.8至2.0毫米,其中所述狭槽还具有被限定为所述狭槽的外边缘之间的距离的外径,所述外径大于0.6毫米并且其中所述狭槽的内径为0.2至2.0毫米,其中所述狭槽占据0.35至0.40平方毫米的总开口面积。
2.根据权利要求1所述的中空纤维,其中所述内壁的所述平均厚度为3.35至9.25微米。
3.根据权利要求1所述的中空纤维,其中所述平均纤维直径为15微米至25微米。
4.根据权利要求1所述的中空纤维,其中所述内壁由热塑性聚烯烃组合物形成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的中空纤维,其中所述纤维是由热塑性组合物形成的单组分纤维。
6.根据权利要求5所述的中空纤维,其中所述热塑性组合物包含至少一种聚合物和任选地至少一种添加剂。
7.根据权利要求1所述的中空纤维,其中所述纤维是双组分纤维。
8.根据权利要求1所述的中空纤维,其中所述纤维是短纤维。
9.根据权利要求8所述的中空纤维,其中所述短纤维具有15至30微米的平均纤维直径和约3至约80毫米的平均纤维长度。
10.一种非织造网,包含根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的中空纤维。
11.一种包括根据权利要求10所述的非织造网的吸收制品,其中所述吸收制品包括基本上液体不可渗透的层、液体可渗透的层和吸收芯,其中所述基本上液体不可渗透的层、所述液体可渗透的层或两者包括所述非织造网。
12.根据权利要求1所述的中空纤维,其中所述狭槽的长度为0.8至1.5毫米。
13.根据权利要求1所述的中空纤维,其中所述狭槽具有C字形。
14.根据权利要求1所述的中空纤维,其中所述毛细管包括2至10个狭槽。
15.根据权利要求1所述的中空纤维,其中所述长宽比为8至80。
16.一种形成如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的中空纤维的方法,所述方法包括通过下述的喷丝头的所述毛细管挤出热塑性组合物,其中该喷丝头包括喷丝板,所述喷丝板限定具有一个或多个间隔开的狭槽的多根毛细管,其中所述狭槽的至少一部分所具有的宽度和长度使得长宽比为12至100,所述狭槽的宽度为0.08至0.2毫米,所述狭槽的长度为0.8至2.0毫米,其中所述狭槽还具有被限定为所述狭槽的外边缘之间的距离的外径,所述外径大于0.6毫米,并且其中所述狭槽的内径为0.2至2.0毫米,其中所述狭槽占据0.35至0.40平方毫米的总开口面积。
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- 2015-12-10 CN CN201580062161.6A patent/CN107002294A/zh active Pending
- 2015-12-10 AU AU2015362938A patent/AU2015362938B2/en active Active
- 2015-12-10 WO PCT/US2015/064871 patent/WO2016100057A1/en active Application Filing
- 2015-12-10 BR BR112017011385-6A patent/BR112017011385B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2015-12-10 KR KR1020177017903A patent/KR102503967B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2015-12-10 CN CN202211012225.XA patent/CN115323512A/zh active Pending
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AU2015362938A1 (en) | 2017-07-13 |
KR102503967B1 (ko) | 2023-02-28 |
WO2016100057A1 (en) | 2016-06-23 |
EP3234248A4 (en) | 2018-07-11 |
US20220096283A1 (en) | 2022-03-31 |
BR112017011385A2 (pt) | 2018-06-12 |
EP3234248B1 (en) | 2024-10-16 |
CN107002294A (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
US11224546B2 (en) | 2022-01-18 |
BR112017011385B1 (pt) | 2022-09-06 |
KR20170098845A (ko) | 2017-08-30 |
AU2015362938B2 (en) | 2020-10-29 |
EP3234248A1 (en) | 2017-10-25 |
US20170304128A1 (en) | 2017-10-26 |
MX2017006786A (es) | 2017-09-05 |
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