CN101918488A - 空心/多孔纤维及其应用 - Google Patents
空心/多孔纤维及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101918488A CN101918488A CN2008801217564A CN200880121756A CN101918488A CN 101918488 A CN101918488 A CN 101918488A CN 2008801217564 A CN2008801217564 A CN 2008801217564A CN 200880121756 A CN200880121756 A CN 200880121756A CN 101918488 A CN101918488 A CN 101918488A
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Images
Classifications
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Abstract
在一个实施方式中,提供聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVAc)和聚丙烯酸(PAA)的聚合物共混物,其中聚醋酸乙烯酯的存在量在约20wt%至约80wt%之间,聚丙烯酸的存在量在约80wt%至约20wt%之间,基于共混物的总重量。在另一个实施方式中,提供由这种聚合物共混物生产的纤维,并且在其中具有微泡。在另一个实施方式中,提供香料释放材料,其包含本文中公开的多孔纤维,和一种或多种位于所述纤维中的纵向伸展的核内的香料。在另一个实施方式中,提供聚合物纤维膜,其含有由本文中公开的聚合物共混物形成的空心、多孔纤维。在另一个实施方式中,提供过滤器,其含有本文中记载的纤维。在另一个实施方式中,提供用于生产本文中公开的纤维的方法,其通过向挤出机或共混机中加入聚合物,并且将所述混合物挤出或熔融纺丝成在其中含有微泡的纤维。
Description
背景技术
空心和/或多孔纤维和多孔膜可以用于不同的应用,例如过滤,控制释放,膜分离,分析科学,食品工业,和制药工业,环境或绿色工业和医疗工业。但是,这些纤维难以一致地和经济地生产。仍然需要空心和/或多孔聚合物纤维,和聚合物组合物以及生产它们的方法,其中所述纤维具有可控的直径和强度,并且能简单地和经济地生产。
发明内容
在一个实施方式中,提供聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVAc)和聚丙烯酸(PAA)的聚合物共混物,其中聚醋酸乙烯酯的存在量在约20wt%至约80wt%之间,聚丙烯酸的存在量在约80wt%至约20wt%之间,基于共混物的总重量。
在另一个实施方式中,提供由亲水聚合物与疏水聚合物如PVAc和PAA的聚合物共混物生产的纤维,并且其中所述纤维是熔纺的并且在其中具有微泡,所述微泡的至少一些在纤维中形成互联网络。在一个具体的实施方式中,所述纤维是空心的。在另一个特别优选的实施方式中,这些互联网络中的至少一些在所述纤维的内部与所述纤维的外部之间连通。在另一个特别优选的实施方式中,这些微泡的互联网络的至少一些在所述纤维的空心核与外部之间连通。
在另一个实施方式中,提供香料释放材料,其包含本文中公开的多孔纤维,以及分布在所述纤维内的纵向伸展的核中的一种或多种香料。
在另一个实施方式中,提供聚合物纤维膜,其含有由本文中公开的聚合物共混物形成的空心、多孔纤维。
在另一个实施方式中,提供过滤器,其含有本文中记载的纤维。
在另一个实施方式中,提供发烟制品,例如香烟,其含有发烟材料棒,例如烟草或烟草替代物,和含有本文中公开的纤维的过滤器。
在另一个实施方式中,提供用于生产本文中公开的纤维的方法,该方法通过将所述聚合物添加到混料机、挤出机或搅拌器中,并将该混合物挤出或熔融纺丝形成其中含有微泡的纤维。所述纤维可直接从挤出机、搅拌器或混料机中纺丝。
在一个具体实施方式中,所述纤维、过滤器和生产所述纤维的方法包括聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVAc)和聚丙烯酸(PAA)的聚合物共混物,其中所述聚醋酸乙烯酯的存在量在约20wt%至约80wt%之间,并且聚丙烯酸的存在量在约80wt%至约20wt%之间,基于共混物的总重量。优选的实施方式包括20wt%PVAc和80wt%PAA的共混物,40wt%PVAc和60wt%PAA的共混物,50wt%PVAc和50wt%PAA的共混物,80wt%PVAc和20wt%PAA的共混物,60wt%PVAc和40wt%PAA的共混物和80wt%PVAc和20wt%PAA的共混物。
本文中记载的实施方式提供聚合物共混物,其可使用简单的纤维纺丝技术形成空心和/或微泡纤维,并且避免对乳液聚合的需求,对纺丝后热处理的需求,对溶剂的需求,对在纤维熔体中引入发泡剂如CO2或可溶剂提取的微泡形成材料的需求,以及对纤维的纺丝后拉伸的需求。
本文中记载的实施方式生产的纤维是可延展的,并且适合包含在过滤材料例如香烟过滤器中,或包含在适合用于分析科学的固相微观提取材料中,或包含在膜分离应用中。预期所述纤维的空心/微泡结构将提高由其制造的过滤器的效率,并且也帮助提高它们在处理时分解的能力。也预期纤维的一些实施方式的多孔特性使得所述纤维可用作香料递送系统,或用作例如发烟制品中的靶成分的吸附剂。
附图说明
图1A,1B,1C,1D和1E是20wt%PVAc、80wt%PAA空心纤维的环境扫描电子显微图(ESEM);
图2A,2B,2C是根据本文中公开的一个实施方式的40wt%PVAc、60wt%PAA纤维浸在水中的透射偏光光学显微图。图2D是根据本文中公开的一个实施方式的50wt%PVAc、50wt%PAA纤维没有浸在水中的透射偏光光学显微图。图2E是显示浸在水中的40wt%PVAc纤维末端的反射光显微图;
图3是根据本文中公开的一个实施方式的40wt%PVAc、60wt%PAA纤维的5μm厚切段的横截面透射光光学显微图,其中垂直于纤维轴线进行切割;
图4是根据本文中公开的一个实施方式的50wt%PVAc、50wt%PAA纤维的5μm厚切段的横截面透射光光学显微图,其中垂直于纤维轴线进行切割;
图5是根据本文中公开的一个实施方式的60wt%PVAc、40wt%PAA纤维的5μm厚切段的横截面透射光光学显微图,其中垂直于纤维轴线进行切割;
图6是根据本文中公开的一个实施方式的60wt%PVAc、40wt%PAA纤维的纵截面的透射光光学显微图,其中平行于纤维轴线进行切割。
具体实施方式
本文中使用的术语“聚合物共混物”表示两种或更多种不同的聚合物的熔融或固体混合物,无论其彼此是否可混溶。
本文中使用的术语“聚醋酸乙烯酯”表示由醋酸乙烯酯单体形成的均聚物或由主要包含醋酸乙烯酯单体和第二单体的单体混合物形成的共聚物,其中第二单体存在的摩尔量小于醋酸乙烯酯单体的量。因为在醋酸乙烯酯单体和聚醋酸乙烯酯中的醋酸酯结构部分的水解是一个平衡反应,预期这些化合物中不是所有的羟基结构部分都将被酯化。因此,术语“聚醋酸乙烯酯”不排除那些在当前环境条件下已经发生平衡水平的水解的聚合物。
本文中使用的术语“聚丙烯酸”表示由丙烯酸单体形成的均聚物或由主要包含丙烯酸和第二单体的单体混合物形成的共聚物,其中第二单体存在的摩尔量小于丙烯酸单体的量。
本文中使用的术语“微泡”表示被聚合物共混物包围的区域(即闭孔),和被聚合物共混物部分包围的区域(开孔)。开孔可以与另一个微泡或与聚合物共混物的表面处于流体连通。与聚合物共混物的表面处于流体连通的微泡在本文中以术语“孔隙”表示。开孔的并且互相处于流体连通的两个或多个微泡由术语“互联”表示。可以认为这种互联微泡形成互联微泡的网络。
本文中使用的术语“核”表示被聚合物共混物的壁包围的中心的、纵向伸展的区域,但是该区域本身基本上没有聚合物共混物。术语“空心”或“空心核”表示充满空气或惰性气体的核。非空心的核可含有一种或多种添加剂材料,例如固态、液态或气态香料组合物。包围核的聚合物共混物中可含有微泡或孔隙,并且如果存在的话,所述微泡或孔隙可与空心核处于流体连通。
本文中使用的术语“模头”和“喷丝头”表示含有一个或多个孔的加工设备,其适合于聚合物或聚合物共混物的挤出或纺丝来形成纤维。包含环形孔的模头或喷丝头是“环形”模头或喷丝头。
本文中使用的术语“纺丝后”表示发生在纤维离开模头或喷丝头的孔之后的工艺过程。“纺丝后热处理”表示在纤维离开模头或喷丝头的孔之后将挤出的或纺成的纤维加热或退火来改变它的一种或多种性质,特别是改变它的孔隙度或微泡性,或改变它的强度。“纺丝后拉伸”表示在纤维离开模头或喷丝头的孔之后向纤维施加应力或张力以便改变它的一种或多种性质,特别是改变它的孔隙度或微泡性,或改变它的强度。“纺丝后水解”表示处理所述纤维来打断其中的可水解键以便改变在纤维离开模头或喷丝头的孔之后纤维的组成或性质。“纺丝后去除可提取成分或水解成分”表示通过溶剂提取或通过水解从纤维中去除材料,其发生在为了改变在纤维离开模头或喷丝头的孔之后纤维的组成或性质时。
本文中使用的术语“微泡形成材料”表示加入到聚合物共混物中以在其中形成微泡或孔隙的材料。例子包括发泡剂,其在混合、挤出或纺丝过程中膨胀或挥发,从而在产生的材料中形成微泡;以及在一种或多种溶剂中可溶解或可提取的材料,在挤出或纺成材料的溶剂处理过程中,所述可溶解或可萃取材料的去除留下空穴,这些空穴在材料中形成微泡或孔隙。
本文中使用的术语“聚合物纤维膜”表示具有中心空心核的纤维,所述中心空心核基本上纵向位于含有一个或多个孔隙的环形聚合材料中。所述气孔使得纤维的内部(即核)可以与纤维的外表面连通,所述连通是就聚合物纤维膜可渗透的物质而言的。作为一个例子,可渗透血蛋白的聚合物纤维膜将允许在浓度梯度的作用下该蛋白在纤维核与纤维外表面之间移动,实现从具有较高的蛋白浓度的流体中分离所述蛋白。
本文中使用的术语“添加剂材料”表示除了所述聚合物共混物、空气和惰性气体之外的,引入到纤维的核中的任何材料。通常,添加剂材料可以包括希望以受控方式从纤维的核递送到纤维外部的材料,或其希望从纤维外部向其中递送靶成分的材料。合适的添加剂材料包括香料、螯合剂或吸附剂。
香料包括赋予含有它们的液体、蒸气或气体以香味或香气的成分。用于本文公开的纤维的合适香料包括,但不限于,薄荷醇,胡椒薄荷,留兰香,冬青,肉桂,巧克力,香草醛,甘草,丁香,茴芹,檀香,天竺葵,玫瑰油,香草,柠檬油,桂皮,茴香,姜,乙酸乙酯,乙酸异戊酯,异丁酸丙酯,丁酸异丁酯,丁酸乙酯,戊酸乙酯,甲酸苄酯,柠檬烯,伞花烃,蒎烯,芳樟醇,香叶醇,香茅醇,柠檬醛,薄荷油,橙油,芫荽油,冰片,水果提取物,烟草香料或提取物,和这些的组合。一种特别优选的香料是薄荷醇。
合适的吸附剂包括任何能够吸附或吸收某些接触到该吸附剂的成分的材料,并包括吸附剂和吸收剂两者,例如碳,例如活性碳、石墨和木炭,氧化铝,包括活性氧化铝,氧化锆,氧化钛,分子筛,硅胶,沸石,聚合树脂和这些的组合。
在一个实施方式中,提供包含聚醋酸乙烯酯和聚丙烯酸的聚合物共混物。通常,所述聚醋酸乙烯酯的存在量在约20wt%至约80wt%之间,聚丙烯酸的存在量在约80wt%至约20wt%之间,基于共混物的总重量。在聚醋酸乙烯酯高于约80wt%的水平和在聚丙烯酸高于约80wt%的水平时,难以获得具有足够延展性或可使用熔纺技术纤维化的材料,尽管仍然获得微泡结构。在一个更优选的实施方式中,上述范围是聚醋酸乙烯酯和聚丙烯酸均聚物的用量范围。
已经发现这种聚合物共混物可以提供空心或多孔纤维,出人意料地,并且和Yamamori等人的美国专利No.5,922,201中公开的纤维或Gillingham等人的美国专利申请公开2004/0226443中公开的纤维不同,该空心或多孔纤维在聚合物纤维壁中含有微泡。更出人意料的是,这些微泡可以使用简单的熔纺工艺来提供,而不需要添加要在以后被提取的成孔材料,也不需要溶液纺丝,与Paul的“Polymer Hollow Fiber Membranes for Removal of Toxic Substances fromBlood”Prog.Polym.Sci.,14,597-627(1989)中的教导相反。
基于共混物的总重量,当聚醋酸乙烯酯的浓度在约30wt%至约70wt%之间,更特别的在约40wt%至约60wt%之间,并且甚至更特别为约50wt%时,可以获得更易延展的、强度更大的、更易纤维化的共混物。类似地,基于共混物的总重量,当聚丙烯酸的浓度在约30wt%至约70wt%之间,更特别的在约40wt%至约60wt%之间,并且甚至更特别为约50wt%时,可以获得可延展的、有强度的、易纤维化的具有微泡结构的共混物。在一个具体的实施方式中,所述聚合物共混物基本上由聚醋酸乙烯酯均聚物和聚丙烯酸均聚物组成,各自均为以上所给的量。
在另一个实施方式中,提供包含亲水聚合物与疏水聚合物的聚合物共混物的纤维;在一个具体的实施方式中,该共混物为聚醋酸乙烯酯和聚丙烯酸的共混物,其中在所述纤维中具有微泡。所述微泡能在纤维中形成微泡的互联网络,并且在一个优选的实施方式中,这种微泡的互联网络能够提供与纤维外部的流体连通。
在一个更具体的实施方式中,所述纤维可以包括其中包含一个或多个微泡的环形壁,和在所述环形壁内纵向伸展的核。所述核的直径通常可以在约5μm到约15μm之间。在一个优选的实施方式中,环形壁中的微泡提供纤维外部和核之间的流体连通。所述环形壁包含本文中记载的聚合物共混物。纤维的核可以是空心的,或者可以含有在纤维的制造或使用过程中引入其中的添加剂。优选地,所述添加剂包括一种或多种如上所述的香料化合物。不希望束缚于任何理论,相信所述香料化合物当被加热(例如通过热气流的流经,例如主流香烟烟雾)时能挥发,更易流动,或两者,并且扩散通过纤维壁,并到达其外表面,在那里它们可被流通的蒸气流带走或递送。
在另一个实施方式中,提供聚合物纤维膜,其包含如上所述的在聚合物共混物中具有微泡互联网络的空心纤维。
由含有本文中记载的聚合物共混物的空心纤维形成的聚合物纤维膜可以适用于多种膜分离过程,例如蛋白纯化,血浆分离,透析,超滤等等,与在Paul的“Polymer Hollow Fiber Membranes for Removal of Toxic Substances fromBlood”Prog.Polym.Sci.,14,597-627(1989)中公开的方式类似。
在另一个实施方式中,提供过滤材料,其包含以上公开的纤维。所述过滤材料可以是过滤塞、无纺布、折叠纸或其他结构的形式,并可以有利地用于从烟雾中过滤靶成分。因此,所述过滤材料可以布置在可发烟材料棒例如烟草或烟草替代物的末端,作为发烟制品例如香烟的一部分。
本文中公开的过滤器可以用在传统或非传统的香烟上。非传统的香烟可包括电加热香烟,或在烟草棒上具有一个燃料元件的香烟。传统香烟通常具有一个基本上圆柱形棒状结构,其一般包括由包装纸包围的一卷或一条可发烟材料,例如烟丝。很多类型的香烟可具有圆柱形过滤器部分,它以端对端的关系与烟草棒对齐。所述过滤器部分可包含一个或多个由称为“塞包(plug wrap)”的纸材料限制的醋酸纤维素短纤维束形成的塞状物,从而形成“过滤塞”。典型的,使用一种称为“水松纸(tipping paper)”的限制包装材料将所述过滤器部分粘结到烟草棒的一个末端。
用于电子发烟系统的香烟记载于共同受让的美国专利No.6,026,820;5,988,176;5,915,387;5,692,526;5,692,525;5,666,976和5,499,636中。其他的非传统香烟包括如美国专利No.4,966,171中所公开的在烟草棒上具有燃料元件的香烟。
由本文中公开的纤维制造的过滤材料可以理想地形成塞状物,其通过将所述纤维形成短纤维束,将短纤维束形成塞状物,并且使用塞包(plug wrap)将该塞状物粘结到可发烟材料棒上。
典型的,所述可发烟材料含有烟草或烟草替代物。合适类型的烟草材料的例子可包括,但不限于,烤烟,伯莱烟草,马里兰烟草,东方烟草,稀有烟草(rare tobacco),特种烟草,复原烟草,团集的烟草粉末,它们的共混物等等。优选地,所述烟草或烟草替代物是巴氏灭菌过的。一些或所有所述烟草材料可以是发酵的。
另外,所述烟草或烟草替代物可以任何适合的形式使用,包括烟草叶片的碎片和/或颗粒,经过加工的烟草材料,例如体积膨胀烟草或疏松烟草,或烟草末,经过加工的烟草梗,例如卷切或切断(cut-puffed)梗,复原烟草材料,它们的共混物等等。遗传改性的烟草也可使用。
在另一个实施方式中,提供本文中记载的纤维的制备方法,其包括:
(a)向聚丙烯酸中添加聚醋酸乙烯酯以形成纺丝混合物;和
(b)使所述纺丝混合物直接流过模头或喷丝头以形成纤维。
用于形成所述纤维的模头或喷丝头可以具有环形结构。例如,具有环形口或孔的喷丝头(液化的纺丝混合物在压力下通过所述口或孔)可以用来形成本文中记载的空心纤维结构的壁。在一个具体的实施方式中,喷丝头中的共轴中心口可以用来引入材料以便用通常为气体或液体的目标材料填充纤维的核或腔,该材料用来膨胀所述纤维的核并防止其在纺丝过程中扁瘪。这种模头或喷丝头可以布置在常规混料器或挤出机例如双螺杆挤出机的出口,其可以理想地安装有加热或冷却装置来保持期望的纤维化温度。但是,可以在没有加热的情况下获得期望的聚合物熔体,因为所述挤出机或混料器施加的剪切应力可以充分地提高所述纺丝混合物的温度来熔化其成分。
如果所述挤出机或混料器施加的剪切应力不足以熔化所述纺丝混合物的成分,那么可能需要加热来液化所述成分。理想地进行这种加热直到纺丝混合物已经达到聚合物混合物的熔点,典型的是所述混合物成分中熔点最高成分的熔点,典型的是约150℃的温度。优选地,该方法不需要或不包括纤维的纺丝后热处理、纤维的纺丝后拉伸、向纺丝混合物中添加微泡形成材料、聚合物的纺丝后水解,或可提取成分或水解成分的纺丝后去除。作为使用本文中记载的聚合物共混物的结果,可以在不需要这些工艺步骤的情况下获得期望的空心、微泡或多孔结构。
纤维直径可以在纤维化过程中通过控制纤维的卷绕速度来控制。在台式装置中,所述卷绕速度通常可以从约5m/min到约100m/min变化。在较低的卷绕速度下,纤维直径较粗,但是也不太均匀,并且其厚度通常可以在约100μm到约400μm的范围。在较高的卷绕速度下,纤维直径变得更均匀并且更细,并且在约100m/min的卷绕速度下通常为约50μm。但是,通过进一步提高卷绕速度,可以将纤维直径降低到小于10μm。在使用工业规模的纤维纺丝装置的实际放大过程中,纤维直径可以降低得更多。
另外,所述纤维可以在它的核中含有一种或多种添加剂。如上所述,这些添加剂可以是固态、液态或气态,并且可通过若干技术中的一种或多种引入到纤维核中。在一个实施方式中,伴随着为保持纤维形成过程中核开放而供应的任何气体或液体,添加剂可通过模头或喷丝头的中心口来引入到纤维核中。例如,可通过在通过模头或喷丝头的气体或蒸气流中夹带香料组合物或吸附剂而将其引入,以使它们截留在纤维核中。在另一个实施方式中,所述纤维可用香料的溶液或悬浮液浸渍或喷雾,然后其可通过纤维壁中的微泡扩散通过纤维壁,并在离开浸渍浴或喷雾室后可以被纤维保留。
随着时间的过去,香料组合物可挥发并扩散通过纤维壁中的微泡。当这些微泡是互联的并且与纤维外部和核两者处于流体流通时,它们形成孔隙,该孔隙为挥发的香料提供穿过该纤维并逸入围绕着纤维的区域的通道,在所述区域香料可以递送给使用者。例如,薄荷醇蒸气或溶液可通过环形喷丝头中的中心口递送到纤维核中。得到的充满薄荷醇的纤维可以纳入到发烟制品中,例如香烟过滤塞中。当使用该香烟时,通过该过滤塞的主流烟雾将纤维中含有的薄荷醇加热,帮助其挥发并提高它穿过连接纤维的核与其外表面的孔隙的扩散性。当薄荷醇从纤维中释放时,其被夹带在主流烟雾中并递送给使用者。但是,在使用之前,在纤维中形成孔隙的微泡网络的曲折性降低薄荷醇从纤维中扩散和迁移出去的能力。
以类似的方式,吸附剂或螯合剂可以在纺丝过程中引入到纤维的核中。该纤维然后可以形成为过滤塞,并且主流烟雾中的靶成分可通过进入纤维内表面的孔隙中而截留于纤维中。所述靶成分可以向着纤维的核扩散穿过纤维,在所述核中它们被吸附剂吸附,并被保留在纤维中直到该发烟制品被处理掉。
其他的技术可以用来将添加剂引入纤维核中,包括使用含有该添加剂的分散溶液对该纤维喷雾,或将该纤维浸入含有该添加剂的分散溶液中,以便添加剂扩散穿过纤维到达其核。
纤维的孔隙度(即纤维表面上的孔隙的数量和尺寸)可以通过涂敷纤维表面的一部分来控制。孔隙尺寸可以理想地从约2μm到几百μm,更特别的是从约5μm到约50μm。理想地,涂层在暴露于诸如主流香烟烟雾的热的、潮湿的环境时会溶解。这可以使得纤维孔隙度(以及来自于纤维的薄荷醇扩散)在发烟制品的保存过程中非常有限,并且当使用发烟制品时这两些参数均显著提高。
实施例1
在微型混料器中,将1克聚醋酸乙烯酯加入到1克聚丙烯酸中,并且在150℃的温度和100rpm的共混速度下加热并共混2分钟。所得聚合物熔体直接从所述微型混料器的模头拉丝,并且使用纺丝线路和卷绕速度为5m/min的线轴纺成纤维。使用Olympus BX60岩相(Petrographic)光学显微镜在透射偏振光下对获得的纤维拍照。图4显示了该纤维的一个横截面,并且还显示了该纤维的微泡结构。该纤维的纵向图显示在图2D中。
实施例2
按照与实施例1类似的过程,不同之处在于改变加入到微型混料器中的每种聚合物的量,来获得具有60wt%聚醋酸乙烯酯、40wt%聚丙烯酸的共混物和纤维。如实施例1中所述对熔纺纤维拍照,并且所得图像显示在图5和6中。纤维的微泡性质清晰可见。
实施例3
按照与实施例1类似的过程,不同之处在于改变加入到微型混料器中的每种聚合物的量,来获得具有40wt%聚醋酸乙烯酯、60wt%聚丙烯酸的共混物和纤维。将熔纺纤维切成5μm直径截面,并且使用透射偏振光光学显微镜拍照,结果显示在图3中。将这些纤维浸入水中,并使用透射偏振光光学显微镜拍照,所得图像显示在图2A、2B和2C中。对纤维浸入水中的部分以及得到的纤维在更长长度上的膨胀使用反射光显微镜进行拍照,并显示在图2E中。在水位线以上的纤维中观察到膨胀,以致该纤维的直径基本上翻倍。
实施例4
按照与实施例1类似的过程,不同之处在于改变加入的每种聚合物的量,来获得具有20wt%聚醋酸乙烯酯、80wt%聚丙烯酸的共混物纤维。图1A、1B、1C、1D和1E中的ESEM图显示在纤维中形成微泡。
实施例5
将纯聚醋酸乙烯酯和纯聚丙烯酸单独形成纤维。得到的纤维是实心的,没有在由本文中记载的共混物制造的纤维中观察到的的微泡结构。
与纯聚醋酸乙烯酯和纯聚丙烯酸获得的结果相反,由40/60、50/50和60/40重量百分数的PVAc/PAA的聚合物共混物获得的纤维,在纤维壁内含有无规尺寸的蜂窝结构,其具有与内部微泡的可见的互联性。微泡壁厚在由聚合物共混物制备的所有纤维中是相对一致的。
另外,由纯PVAc或纯PAA制造的纤维难以通过熔融纺丝来纤维化,并且非常易碎。由PVAc和PAA的共混物制备的纤维易于熔融纺丝成保持其纤维完整性的多孔纤维。
还证明由PVAc和PAA的共混物制备的纤维具有吸水能力,这可归因于毛细作用、吸附或这些机理的组合。
虽然本文中的说明含有对某些优选实施方式的引用,但是可理解的是它们的变化和修改对本领域技术人员将是显而易见的,并且这些变化和修改被认为在所附的权利要求定义的本发明的范围内。
所有上述参考文献通过引用全部纳入本文中,达到如同具体和单独地指明通过引用将各个单独的参考文献全部纳入本文的程度。
Claims (24)
1.聚合物共混物,其包含基于共混物的总重量约20wt%至约80wt%的量的聚醋酸乙烯酯,以及约80wt%至约20wt%的量的聚丙烯酸。
2.根据权利要求1的聚合物共混物,其中,基于聚合物共混物的总重量,聚醋酸乙烯酯的存在量在约30wt%至约70wt%之间,聚丙烯酸的存在量在约70wt%至约30wt%之间。
3.根据权利要求2的聚合物共混物,其中,基于聚合物共混物的总重量,聚醋酸乙烯酯的存在量在约40wt%至约60wt%之间,聚丙烯酸的存在量在约60wt%至约40wt%之间。
4.根据权利要求3的聚合物共混物,其中,基于聚合物共混物的总重量,聚醋酸乙烯酯的存在量为约50wt%,聚丙烯酸的存在量为约50wt%。
5.根据权利要求1的聚合物共混物,其中共混物中包含一个或多个微泡。
6.根据权利要求5的聚合物共混物,其中至少一些微泡包含在聚合物共混物中的互联网络。
7.纤维,其包含权利要求1的聚合物共混物,其中该纤维是熔纺的并且在其中具有微泡,至少一些微泡在纤维中形成互联网络。
8.根据权利要求7的纤维,其中该纤维包含:
(a)环形壁,在其中包含一个或多个微泡;和
(b)在所述环形壁中纵向伸展的核。
9.根据权利要求8的纤维,其中所述核是空心的并且所述核的直径在约5μm到约15μm之间。
10.根据权利要求8的纤维,其进一步包含位于核中的添加剂材料。
11.根据权利要求8的纤维,其中至少一部分微泡与纤维表面连通。
12.根据权利要求11的纤维,其中至少一部分微泡在所述核和纤维外部之间提供流体连通。
13.根据权利要求7的纤维,其中所述纤维的直径在约10μm到约400μm之间,并且所述纤维是多孔的,其具有约2μm到约50μm的孔隙尺寸。
14.添加剂释放材料,其包含根据权利要求7的纤维。
15.聚合物纤维膜,其包含根据权利要求7的纤维。
16.过滤材料,其包含根据权利要求7的纤维。
17.发烟制品,其包含:
(a)可发烟材料棒,和
(b)位于该棒的一个末端的根据权利要求16的过滤材料。
18.根据权利要求17的发烟制品,其中所述发烟制品是香烟,并且纤维具有含有香料的空心核。
19.根据权利要求7的纤维的制备方法,包括:
(a)向聚丙烯酸中加入聚醋酸乙烯酯以形成纺丝混合物;和
(b)使所述纺丝混合物直接流过模头或喷丝头以形成在其中具有微泡的纤维。
20.根据权利要求19的方法,其中所述模头或喷丝头包含环形喷丝头,并且其中所述纤维包含其中具有微泡的聚合物材料的环形壁,和纵向伸展的核。
21.根据权利要求19的方法,进一步包括加热纺丝混合物以将其温度提高到约150℃。
22.根据权利要求20的方法,进一步包括通过模头或喷丝头中的中心开口向所述纤维的纵向伸展的核中引入气体或蒸气流。
23.根据权利要求22的方法,其中所述气体或蒸气包含添加剂。
24.根据权利要求19的方法,其中所述方法不包括纤维的纺丝后热处理,纤维的纺丝后拉伸,向纺丝混合物中加入微泡形成材料,聚合物的纺丝后水解,或可提取成分或水解成分的纺丝后去除。
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US830307P | 2007-12-20 | 2007-12-20 | |
US61/008,303 | 2007-12-20 | ||
PCT/EP2008/011109 WO2009080369A2 (en) | 2007-12-20 | 2008-12-22 | Hollow/porous fibers and applications thereof |
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EP (1) | EP2231778B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5592267B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101546988B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101918488B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2008340635B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0821376B1 (zh) |
CO (1) | CO6280545A2 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK2231778T3 (zh) |
EA (1) | EA019459B1 (zh) |
HK (1) | HK1145333A1 (zh) |
MY (1) | MY152974A (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ585966A (zh) |
PL (1) | PL2231778T3 (zh) |
PT (1) | PT2231778E (zh) |
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CN103657431A (zh) * | 2012-08-16 | 2014-03-26 | 帕尔公司 | 具有多尺寸纤维的膜 |
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PT2231778E (pt) | 2015-03-09 |
AU2008340635B2 (en) | 2014-02-13 |
US20130319432A1 (en) | 2013-12-05 |
US8453653B2 (en) | 2013-06-04 |
KR101546988B1 (ko) | 2015-08-24 |
WO2009080369A2 (en) | 2009-07-02 |
EA019459B1 (ru) | 2014-03-31 |
US9585422B2 (en) | 2017-03-07 |
AU2008340635A1 (en) | 2009-07-02 |
US20090293893A1 (en) | 2009-12-03 |
EP2231778A2 (en) | 2010-09-29 |
UA101822C2 (en) | 2013-05-13 |
PL2231778T3 (pl) | 2015-07-31 |
CN101918488B (zh) | 2014-04-02 |
NZ585966A (en) | 2012-06-29 |
DK2231778T3 (da) | 2015-04-13 |
KR20100105604A (ko) | 2010-09-29 |
HK1145333A1 (zh) | 2011-04-15 |
CO6280545A2 (es) | 2011-05-20 |
MY152974A (en) | 2014-12-15 |
US20170143034A1 (en) | 2017-05-25 |
EA201070771A1 (ru) | 2010-12-30 |
JP5592267B2 (ja) | 2014-09-17 |
EP2231778B1 (en) | 2015-02-11 |
BRPI0821376A2 (pt) | 2015-06-16 |
WO2009080369A3 (en) | 2009-11-26 |
JP2011510104A (ja) | 2011-03-31 |
BRPI0821376B1 (pt) | 2018-12-11 |
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